Basic College Mathematics 9th Edition Lial Solutions Manual Download

6.
1 Basics of Percent 239
Solution Manual for Basic College Mathematics 9th Edition

by Lial Salzman Hestwood ISBN 0321825535
9780321825537
Full download link at:
Solution manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-basic-college-mathematics-
9th-edition-by-lial-salzman-hestwood-isbn-0321825535-9780321825537/
Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-basic-college-mathematics-9th-edition-by-
lial-salzman-hestwood-isbn-0321825535-9780321825537/
CHAPTER 6 PERCENT (f) †.34 = †34%

Move the decimal point two places to the right and
6.1 Basics of Percent attach a percent sign.
6.1 Margin Exercises (g) 2.8 = 280%
1. (a) 74 out of 100 is 74100or 74%, so 74% of the One zero is attached so the decimal point can be
adults keep fit by walking. moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
(b) The tax rate is $6 per $100. The ratio is 6 sign.
100
and the percent of tax is 6%. (h) 4 = 400%
100
(c) 32 out of 100 is 32
or 32%, so 32% of the Two zeros are attached so the decimal point can be
Americans picked football as their favorite sport. moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
sign.
2. (a) 68% = 68 ÷ 100 = 0.68
(b) 34% = 34 ÷ 100 = 0.34 5. (a) 100% is all of the money.
So, 100% of $7.80 is $7.80.
(c) †8.†% = †8.† ÷ 100 = 0.†8†
(b) 100% is all of the workers.
(d) 17†% = 17† ÷ 100 = 1.7† So, 100% of 18†0 workers is 18†0 workers.
(e) 200% = 200 ÷ 100 = 2.00 or 2 (c) 200% is twice (2 times) as many photographs.
3. (a) 96% = 96.% = 0.96 So, 200% of 24 photographs is 2 • 24 = 48
photographs.
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
two places to the left. (d) 300% is 3 times as many miles.
So, 300% of 8 miles is 3 • 8 = 24 miles.
(b) 6% = 6.% = 0.06
6. (a) †0% is half of the patients.
Drop the percent sign. Attach one zero so the
So, †0% of 200 patients is
decimal point can be moved two places to the left.
1
of 200 = 100 patients.
(c) 24.8% = 0.248 2
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point (b) †0% is half of the tweets.
two places to the left. So, †0% of 64 tweets is 32 tweets.
(d) 0.9% = 0.009 (c) 10% is 1

of the elm trees.
10
Move the decimal point one place to the left.
Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the So, 10% of 38†0. elm trees is 38† elm trees.
decimal point can be moved two places to the left.
10
4. (a) 0.74 = 74% (d) 10% is 1
of the pounds.
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

240 Chapter 6 Percent
Move the decimal point two places to the right. Move the decimal point one place to the left.
(The decimal point is not written with whole So, 10% of 7. pounds is 0.7 pound.
number percents.) Attach a percent sign.
(b) 0.1† = 1†% (e) 1% is 100
1
of the length.
Move the decimal point two places to the left.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and So, 1% of 240. feet is 2.4 feet.
attach a percent sign.
(c) 0.09 = 9% (f) 1% is 100
1
of the money.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and Move the decimal point two places to the left.
attach a percent sign. So, 1% of $3000. is $30.
(d) 0.617 = 61.7%
6.1 Section Exercises
attach a percent sign. 1. To write a percent as a decimal, drop the %
symbol and then divide by 100.
(e) 0.834 = 83.4%
2. A quick way to divide a number by 100 is to move
the decimal point two places to the left.

6.1 Basics of Percent 241
3. 12% = 12.% = 0.12 17. 0.3†% = 0.003†

Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the
two places to the left. decimal point can be moved two places to the left.
4. †7% = †7.% = 0.†7 18. 0.7†% = 0.007†
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the
two places to the left. decimal point can be moved two places to the left.
5. 70% = 70.% = 0.70 or 0.7 19. To write a decimal as a percent, multiply by 100
and then attach a % symbol.
two places to the left. 20. A quick way to multiply a number by 100 is to
move the decimal point two places to the right.
6. 40% = 40.% = 0.40 or 0.4
21. 0.6 = 60%

two places to the left. 0 is attached so the decimal point can be moved
two places to the right. Attach a percent sign.
7. 2†% = 2†.% = 0.2†
(The decimal point is not written with whole
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point numbers.)
two places to the left. 22. 0.9 = 90%
8. 3†% = 3†.% = 0.3†
0 is attached so the decimal point can be moved
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point two places to the right. Attach a percent sign.
two places to the left. (The decimal point is not written with whole
numbers.)
9. 140% = 140.% = 1.40 or 1.4
23. 0.01 = 1%
two places to the left. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
10. 2†0% = 2†0.% = 2.†0 or 2.†
24. 0.07 = 7%
two places to the left. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
11. †.†% = 0.0††
25.
0.37† = 37.†%
decimal point can be moved two places to the left. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
12. 6.7% = 0.067
26.
0.62† = 62.†%
decimal point can be moved two places to the left. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
13. 100% = 100.% = 1.00 or 1 27.
2 = 200%
two places to the left. Two zeros are attached so the decimal point can be
moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
14. 600% = 600.% = 6.00 or 6
sign.
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point 28.
† = †00%
two places to the left.
Two zeros are attached so the decimal point can be
15. 0.†% = 0.00†
moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the sign.
decimal point can be moved two places to the left. 29.
3.7 = 370%
16. 0.2†% = 0.002†
One zero is attached so the decimal point can be
Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
decimal point can be moved two places to the left. sign.
30. 2.2 = 220% 43. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
One zero is attached so the decimal point can be
moved two places to the right. Attach a percent Post secondary teachers: 1†.1% = 0.1†1
sign.
44. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
31. 0.0312 = 3.12% two places to the left.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and Security guards: 14.2% = 0.142
45. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
32. 0.062† = 6.2†% attach a percent sign.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and Customer service representatives: 0.177 = 17.7%
33. 46. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
4.162 = 416.2%
Carpenters: 0.129 = 12.9%
34. 47. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
8.71† = 871.†%
attach a percent sign. Cooks: 14.6% = 0.146
35. 48. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
0.0028 = 0.28%
attach a percent sign. Management analysts: 23.9% = 0.239
36.
0.0064 = 0.64% 49. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
attach a percent sign. 0.08 of the population = 8%
37. Answers will vary. Some possibilities are: No 50. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
common denominators are needed with percents. attach a percent sign.
The denominator is always 100 with percent,
0.8 of the money needed = 80%
which makes comparisons easier to understand.
38. Answers will vary. Some answers might be: 51. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
When using discounts on purchases, calculating two places to the left.
sales tax, figuring interest on loans, examining 30% above normal = 0.30 or 0.3
investments, finding tips in restaurants, calculating
interest on savings, and doing math problems in 52. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
this book. two places to the left.
39. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point 170% greater than anticipated = 1.70 or 1.7

53. 100% is all of the children.
Truck drivers: 13% = 0.13 So, 100% of 12 children is 12 children.
12 children are present.
40. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
two places to the left. 54. 100% is all of the adults.
Registered nurses: 22.2% = 0.222 So, 100% of †00 adults is †00 adults.
†00 adults are think their taxes are too high.
41. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
attach a percent sign. 55. 200% is two times as many employees.
So, 200% of 210 employees is 2 • 210 = 420
Physicians and surgeons: 0.218 = 21.8% employees. There are 420 employees this year.
42. Move the decimal point two places to the right and W iters and waitresses: 0.064 =
attach a percent sign. a 6.4%

56. 200%
is two
times
as
many
licens
es.
So,
200%
of
380
licens
es is 2
• 380
= 760
licens
es.
They
sold
760
fishin
g
licens
es this
seaso
n.

57. 300% is three times as many chairs. 69. (a) Since 10% means 10 parts out of 100 parts or
1
So, 300% of 90 chairs is 3 • 90 = 270 chairs. 10
, the shortcut for finding 10% of a number is to
We'll need 270 chairs. move the decimal point in the number one place to
58. 300% is three times as many friends. the left.
So, 300% of 28 friends is 3 • 28 = 84 friends. (b) Answers will vary. For example, 10% of $90
She now has 84 friends. is $9.
70. (a) Since 1% means 1 part out of 100 parts or 100,
1
59. †0% is half of the tuition.
So, †0% of $7†† is 12 • $7†† = $377.†0. the shortcut for finding 1% of a number is to move
Financial aid will pay $377.†0. the decimal point in the number two places to the
left.
60. †0% is half of the loan.
So, †0% of $2320 is 1

2
• $2320 = $1160. (b) Answers will vary. For example, 1% of $†00
The amount of the loan is $1160. is $†.

61. 10% is found by moving the decimal point one 71. 12% or 0.12 of the pet owners selected the devil
place to the left. costume for their pet.
So, 10% of 8200 commuters is 820 commuters.
820 commuters carpool. 72. 2.8% or 0.028 of the pet owners selected the pirate
costume for their pet.
62. 10% is found by moving the decimal point one
place to the left. 73. (a) The third longest bar, Witch, is the third-most-
So, 10% of 240 dozen plants is 24 dozen plants. popular costume.
The number of unsold plants will be 24 dozen. (b) Witch was selected by 4.†% or 0.04† of the
63. 1% is found by moving the decimal point two pet owners.

places to the left. 74. (a) The second longest bar, Pumpkin, is the
So 1% of 2600 plants is 26 plants. second-most-popular costume.
26 plants are poisonous.
(b) Pumpkin was selected by 9.2% or 0.092 of the

64. 1% is found by moving the decimal point two pet owners.
places to the left.
So, 1% of 4800 accidents is 48 accidents. 75. 9% or 0.09 of the motorists chose "Tailgating."
48 accidents were caused by mechanical failure.
76. 31% or 0.31 of the motorists chose "Texting while
65. (a) Since 100% means 100 parts out of 100 parts, driving."
100% is all of the number.

77. (a) "Speeding" was the violation that was least
(b) Answers will vary. For example, 100% of $72 often chosen for the biggest fine.
is $72.
(b) †% or 0.0† of the motorists chose "Speeding."
66. (a) †0% means †0 parts out of 100 parts. That's
half of the number. A shortcut for finding †0% of 78. (a) "Running red light/stop light" was the
violation that was most often chosen for the
a number is to divide the number by 2.
biggest fine.
(b) Answers will vary. For example, †0% of $14
(b) ††% or 0.†† of the motorists chose "Running
is $14 ÷ 2 = $7.
red light/stop light."
67. (a) Since 200% is two times a number, find 200%
of the number by multiplying the number by 2 79. 21% or 0.21 of the children eat french fries.
(double it). 80. 11% or 0.11 of the children eat pizza.

(b) Answers will vary. For example, 200% of $20 81. (a) The food eaten by the lowest portion of
is 2 • $20 = $40. children is candy.
68. (a) Since 300% is three times a number, find (b) 10% or 0.10 of the children eat candy.
300% of the number by multiplying the number by 82. (a) The food eaten by the highest portion of
3 (triple it). children is hot dogs.
(b) Answers will vary. For example, 300% of $10 (b) 2†% or 0.2† of the children eat hot dogs.
is 3 • $10 = $30.

6.2 Percents and Fractions 243
83. Ninety-five parts of the one hundred parts are 89. The shaded portions contain 16 squares, so four of
shaded. them give us 4 • 16 = 64 shaded squares.
9† 64
= 0.9†= 9†% = 0.64= 64%
100 100
Five parts of the one hundred parts are unshaded. 100 — 64 = 36 squares of the one hundred squares
are unshaded.
† 36
= 0.0†= †% = 0.36= 36%
100 100
84. Twenty parts of the one hundred parts are shaded. 90. The corner-shaded portions contain 4 squares, so
20 four of them give us 4 • 4 = 16 shaded squares.
= 0.20= 20% The middle-shaded portion contains 16 squares, so
100
the total number of shaded squares is
Eighty parts of the one hundred parts are 16 + 16 = 32.
unshaded. 32
80 = 0.32= 32%
= 0.80= 80% 100
100 100 — 32 = 68 squares of the one hundred squares

85. Three parts of the ten parts are shaded. are unshaded.
68
3 = 0.68= 68%
= 0.3 = 30% 100
10
Seven parts of the ten parts are unshaded.
6.2 Percents and Fractions
7 6.2 Margin Exercises
10 = 0.7 = 70% 1. (a) %

†0 †0 ÷ †0 1
†0 = = =
86. Eight parts of the ten parts are shaded. 100 100 ÷ †0 2
(b) 7†% = 7† = 7† ÷ 2† = 3
8 100 100 ÷ 2† 4
= 0.8 = 80%
10 48 48 ÷ 4 12
(c) 48% = = =
Two parts of the ten parts are unshaded. 100 100 ÷ 4 2†
23
2 (d) 23% =
= 0.2 = 20% 100
10 12† 12† ÷ 2† † 1
(e) 12†% = = = =1
87. Fifty-five parts of the one hundred parts are 100 100 ÷ 2† 4 4
shaded. 2†0 2†0 ÷ †0 † 1
(f) 2†0% = = = =2
†† 100 100 ÷ †0 2 2
= 0.††= ††%
100 37.† 37.†(10) 37† ÷ 12† 3

2. (a) 37.†% = = = =
Forty-five parts of the one hundred parts are 100 100(10) 1000 ÷ 12† 8
unshaded. (
b) 62.†% 62† ÷ 12† †
62.† =
= =
62.†(10)
=
4† 100 100(10) 1000 ÷ 12† 8
= 0.4†= 4†%
100 4.† 4.†(10) 4† ÷ † 9

(c) 4.†% = = = =
88. Thirty-seven parts of the one hundred parts are 100 100(10) 1000 ÷ † 200
shaded. 2 66 2 200 200 100

(d) 66 % = = 3 = ÷ 3
37 3 100 100 3 1
= 0.37= 37% 200 1 2
100 = • =
3 100 3
Sixty-three parts of the one hundred parts are 1 10 1 31 31 100
unshaded. (e) 10 % = 3 = 3
= ÷
3 100 100 3 1
63 31 1 31
= 0.63= 63% = • =
100 3 100 300

3
1 87 1 17† 17† 100 4. (a) as a percent
2 =
2
(f) 87 % = = ÷ 4
2 100 100 2 1 3
7 = 7†%
/
17† 1 7 4
= • =
2 1/
00 8 (b) 10% as a fraction
4
1 p 1
= 10% =
3. (a)
4 100 10
4 • p = 1 • 100 (c) 0.6 ≈ 0.667 as a fraction

4•p 100 2
=
4 4 0.6 ≈ 0.667 =
p = 2† 3
(d) 37 21 % as a fraction
1
Thus, = 2†%.
4 1 3
37 % =
3 p 2 8
(b) =
10 100 7
10 • p = 3 • 100 (e)
8 as a percent
10 • p = 300 7 1
10 10 = 87 % or 87.†%
p = 30 8 2
1
3
Thus, 10
= 30%. (f)
2
as a percent
6 p 1
(c) = = †0%
2† 100 2
2† • p = 6 • 100 (g) 33 1 % as a fraction
2† • p = 600 3
1 1
2† 2† 33 % =
p = 24 3 3
6
= 24%. 1
Thus, 2† (h) 1 as a percent
2
† p 1
(d) =
8 100 1 = 1†0%
8 • p = † • 100 2
8 • p = †00 6.2 Section Exercises

8 8 2† 2† ÷ 2† 1
1. 2†% = = =
p = 62.† 100 100 ÷ 2† 4
Thus, †
8
= 62.†%. Thus, 2†% = 1
2
is false.
1 p 30 30 ÷ 10 3
(e) = 2. 30% = = =
6 100 100 100 ÷ 10 10
6 • p = 1 • 100 Thus, 30% = 3

is true.
6•p 6 100 6
=
1
0
3. 7†
7† 7† ÷
% 2†
=
3
=
=
p = 16.6 ≈ 16.7 100 100 ÷ 2† 4
1 Thus, 7†% = 3
is true.
Thus, 6
≈ 16.7% or exactly 16 23%. 4
80 80 ÷ 20 4
2 p 4. 80% = = =
(f) = 100 100 ÷ 20 †
9 100
9 • p = 2 • 100 Thus, 80% = †
6
is false.
9 • p = 200 8† 8† ÷ † 17
5.
9 9 8†% = 0.8† = = =
100 100 ÷ † 20
p = 22.2 ≈ 22.2 4† 4† ÷ † 9
2
6. 4†% = 0.4† = = =
Thus, 9
≈ 22.2% or exactly 22 29%. 100 100 ÷ † 20

62.† 62.†(10) 62† ÷ 12† † 1 p
7. 62.†% = = = = =
100 100(10) 1000 ÷ 12† 8 100 100

100 • p = 1 • 100
87.† 87.†(10) 87† ÷ 12† 7 100 • p 100
8. 87.†% = = = =
100 100(10) 1000 ÷ 12† 8 =

100 100
6.2† 6.2†(100) 62† ÷ 62† 1 p= 1
9. 6.2†% = = = =
100 100(100) 10,000 ÷ 62† 16 Thus, 1

= 10% is false.
100
43.7† 43.7†(100) 4 p
10. 43.7†% = = 23. =
100 100(100) † 100
437† ÷ 62† 7 † • p = 4 • 100
= =
10,000 ÷ 62† 16 † • p = 400

1 † †
2 2 100 /
†0 1 1
16 % = 16 3 = 16 ÷
2
11. = • = p = 80
3 100 3 1 3 /
100 6 4
2 Thus, †
= 7†% is false.
2 3 p
2 2 100 /
200 1 2 =
66 % = 66 3 = 66 ÷
2
12. = • = 24. 10 100
3 100 3 1 3 /
100 3
1 10 • p = 3 • 100
20 100 10 • p = 300
2 62 20
6 %=
3
13. = 3 = ÷ 10 10
3 100 100 3 1 p = 30
1
/
20 1 1 3
= • = Thus, 10 = 30% is true.
3 / 100 1†
† 7 p
25. =
2 46 2 140 140 100 10 100
14. 46 % = 3
= 3
= ÷ 10 • p = 7 • 100
3 100 100 3 1
7 10 • p = 700
/
140 1 7 10 10
= • =
3 /
100 1† p = 70
†
10
7
15. 0.† 0.†(10) †÷† 1 Thus, = 70%.
0.†% = = = = 3 p
100 100(10) 1000 ÷ † 200 26. =
0.8 0.8(10) 8÷8 1 4 100
16. 0.8% = = = = 4 • p = 3 • 100
100 100(10) 1000 ÷ 8 12† 4 • p = 300

180 180 ÷ 20 9 4 4 4
17.
18.

248 180%
Chapter 6 =Percent
= = =1
19. 100 100 ÷ 20 † † p = 7†
140 140 ÷ 20 7 2 Thus, 3
= 7†%.
140% = = = =1 4
20. 100 100 ÷ 20
† †
37† 37† ÷ 2†
3 1† 27. The denominator is already 100.
37†% = = = =3 37
100 100 ÷ 2† 4 4 = 37%
22† 22† ÷ 2† 9 1 100
22†% = = = =2
100 100 ÷ 2† 4 4 28. The denominator is already 100.
1 p 63
21. = = 63%
2 100 100
2 • p = 1 • 100 † p
2•p 100 29. =
= 8 100
2 2 8 • p = † • 100
p = †0 8•p †00 12†

1
= =
Thus, = †0% is true. 8 8 2
2
p = 62.†
1
22. Note that 100is 1%, so if you recognize this fact, †
there is no need to find p as follows. Thus, 8
= 62.†%.

1 p 7 p
30. = 37. =
8 100 20 100
8 • p = 1 • 100 20 • p = 7 • 100
8•p 100 2† 20 • p 700
= = =
8 8 2 20 20
p = 12.† p = 3†
7
Thus, 1
= 12.†%. Thus, = 3†%.
8
20
7 p 9 p
31. 38. =
= 20 100
8 100
8 • p = 7 • 100 20 • p = 9 • 100
8•p 700 17† 20 • p = 900
= = 20 20
8 8 2
p = 87.† p = 4†
9
7 Thus, = 4†%.
Thus, 8
= 87.†%. 20
† p
3 p 39. =
32. = 6 100
8 100 6 • p = † • 100
8 • p = 3 • 100 6•p †00 2†0
8•p 300 7† = =
= = 6 6 3
8 8 2 p ≈ 83.3
p = 37.†
†
Thus, 6
= 83.3% (rounded).
3
Thus, = 37.†%.
8 1 p
12 p 40. =
= 6 100
33. 6 • p = 1 • 100
2† 100
2† • p = 12 • 100 6•p 100 †0
= =
2† • p 1200 6 6 3
=
2† 2† p ≈ 16.7
p = 48 Thus, 1
= 16.7% (rounded).
6
12
Thus, = 48%. † p
2†
41. =
1† p 9 100
34. = 9 • p = † • 100
2† 100
2† • p = 1† • 100 9 • p = †00
2† • p = 1†00 9 9
p ≈ ††.6
2† 2†
p = 60 Thus, †
9
= ††.6% (rounded).
1†
= 60%. 7 p
Thus, 2† 42. =
9 100
35. As a different approach, we see that the 9 • p = 7 • 100
denominator, †0, can be multiplied by 2 to get a den ominator of 100. We'll multiply both the
9•p 700
=
9 9
numerator and denominator by 2. p ≈ 77.8
23 23 • 2 46 Thus, 7
= 77.8% (rounded).
= = = 46% 9
†0 †0 • 2 100 1= p
43.
36. As a different approach, we see that the 7 100
denominator, †0, can be multiplied by 2 to get a 7 • p = 1 • 100
denominator of 100. We'll multiply both the 7•p 100

=
numerator and denominator by 2. 7 7
18 18 • 2 36 p ≈ 14.3
= = = 36% 1
†0 †0 • 2 100 Thus, 7
= 14.3% (rounded).

† p 62† 62† ÷ 12† †
44. = 56. 0.62† = = = fraction
7 100 1000 1000 ÷ 12† 8

7 • p = † • 100 0.62† = 62.†% percent
7 • p = †00 2
7 7 57. ≈ 0.667 decimal

3
p ≈ 71.4 ≈ 66.7% percent
Thus, †
= 71.4% (rounded). †
7 58. ≈ 0.833 decimal
3 3 • 2† 7† 6
45. = = = 0.7† decimal ≈ 83.3% percent
4 4 • 2† 100
3 3•2 6
So choice (b) is correct. 59. = = = 0.06 decimal
†0 †0 • 2 100
46. 80% = 0.8 decimal = 6% percent
8 4 3 3 • 10 30
= = fraction 60. = = = 30% percent
10 † 10 10 • 10 100
= 0.30= 0.3 decimal
So choice (d) is correct.
8
† †÷† 1 61. = 8% percent
47. 0.† = = = fraction 100
10 10 ÷ † 2 = 0.08 decimal
0.† = 0.†0 = †0% percent
100
8 8÷2 4 62. 100% = =1 fraction
48. 0.8 = = = fraction 100
10 10 ÷ 2 † 100% = 1.00 = 1 decimal
0.8 = 0.80 = 80% percent
1 1•† †
63. = = = 0.00† decimal
49. 87.†% = 0.87† decimal 200 200 • † 1000
87† 87† ÷ 12† 7 = 0.†% percent
= = = fraction
1000 1000 ÷ 12† 8 1 p

64. =
50. 60% = 0.6 decimal 400 100
6 3 400 • p = 1 • 100
= = fraction 400 • p 100
10 † =
1 400 400
≈ 0.167 1
51.
6
decimal p=
= 0.2†
4
≈ 16.7% percent 1
Thus, = 0.2†% percent
1 400
52. ≈ 0.333 decimal = 0.002† decimal
3
≈ 33.3% percent † 1
65. 2.† = 2 =2 fraction
7 †
0.7 = 3 fractionpercent 66.
53.
10 7
.
0.7 = 0.70 = 70%
10 percent
2
2.† =
fraction
2†0%
7
1.7 =
1
10
54. 37.†% = 17 170

100 = = = 170% percent
37.†(10) 10 100
= 1 1 • 2† 2†
100(10) 67. 3 =3 =3 = 3.2† decimal
37† ÷ 12† 4 4 • 2† 100
= = 32†% percent
1000 ÷ 12†
3 4 8
= fraction 68. 2 =2 = 2.8 decimal
8 † 10
37.†% = 0.37† decimal = 280% percent
55. 12.†% = 0.12† decimal 69. There are many possible answers. Examples 2 and
12† 12† ÷ 12† 1 3 show the steps that students should include in
= = = fraction
1000 1000 ÷ 12† 8 their answers.

70. There are many correct answers. The table of 77. (a) 64 out of 80 employees have iPhones.
percent equivalents shows some of the
64 64 ÷ 16 4
possibilities. = = fraction
80 80 ÷ 16 †
71. 90 out of †00 people who used the Internet to find 4 4•2 8
= = = 0.8 decimal
pet information, said they used it when buying a † †•2 10
pet. 0.8 = 0.80 = 80% percent
90 90 ÷ 10 9 (b) 80 — 64 = 16 employees do not have iPhones.

= = fraction
†00 †00 ÷ 10 †0
9 9•2 18 16 16 ÷ 16 1
= = = 0.18 decimal = = fraction
†0 †0 • 2 100 80 80 ÷ 16 †
0.18 = 18% 1 1•2 2

percent = = = 0.2 decimal
† †•2 10
72. 27 of every 100 purchased included a coloring 0.2 = 0.20 = 20% percent
activity.
27 78. (a) 160 out of 640 tons of food is discarded.

fraction
100 160 160 ÷ 160 1

= = fraction
27 = 0.27 decimal 640 640 ÷ 160 4
1 1 • 2†
100 = = 2† = 0.2† decimal
0.27 = 27% percent 4 4 • 2† 100
0.2† = 2†% percent
73. 13 adults out of 100 adults consumes the
recommended 1000 mg of calcium daily. (b) 640 — 160 = 480 tons of food is not
discarded.
13
100
fraction 480 480 ÷ 160 3
= = fraction
13 = 0.13 decimal 640 640 ÷ 160 4
3 3 • 2†
100 = = 7† = 0.7† decimal
0.13 = 13% percent 4 4 • 2† 100
0.7† = 7†% percent
74. 360 parents out of 800 parents said they were most
influenced by relatives, friends, and spouses. 79. 342 out of 380 do not have side effects.
380 — 342 = 38 do have side effects.
360 360 ÷ 40 9
800 = 800 ÷ 40 = 20 fraction 38 38 ÷ 38 1

9 9•† 4† = = fraction
380 380 ÷ 38 10
= = = 0.4† decimal 1
20 20 • † 100 = 0.1 decimal
0.4† = 4†% percent 10
0.1 = 0.10 = 10% percent
75. 1†0 out of 7†0 workers said no.
1 †0 1†0 ÷ 1†0 1
= =
254 7†0 Chapter 6 Percent
7†0 ÷ 1†0 †
80. (a) 119 out of 340 doctors used a basic system.
fraction 119 119 ÷ 17 7
1 1•2 2 340 = 340 ÷ 17 = 20 fraction
† = † • 2 = 10 = 0.2 decimal 7 7•† 3†
= = = 0.3† decimal
0.2 = 0.20 = 20% percent 20 20 • † 100
0.3† = 3†% percent
76. 67† of 1†00 adults consider climate to be the most
important factor to consider when relocating after (b) 340 — 119 = 221 doctors did not use a basic
retirement. system.
67† 67† ÷ 7† 9 221 221 ÷ 17 13

= = fraction = = fraction
1†00 1†00 ÷ 7† 20 340 340 ÷ 17 20

9 9•† 4† 13 13 • † 6†
= = = 0.4† decimal = = = 0.6† decimal
20 20 • † 100 20 20 • † 100
0.4† = 4†% percent 0.6† = 6†% percent

6.3 Using the Percent Proportion and Identifying the Components in a Percent Problem 249
81. 432 people out of †400 people picked Winter as 91. Find 10% of $160, then add 1 of the 10% amount.
their favorite season. 2
10% + †% = 1†%
432 432 ÷ 216 2
= = fraction ↓ ↓ ↓
†400 †400 ÷ 216 2† $16 + $8 = $24

2 2•4 8
= = = 0.08 decimal
2† 2† • 4 100 92. Find 100% of $160, then add †0% of $160.
0.08 = 8% percent
100% + †0% = 1†0%
82. 20†2 people out of †400 people picked Spring as ↓ ↓ ↓

their favorite season. $160 + $80 = $240
20†2 20†2 ÷ 108 19
= = fraction 93. From 100% of $4†0, subtract 10% of $4†0.
†400 †400 ÷ 108 †0
19 19 • 2
= = 38 = 0.38 decimal 100% — 10% = 90%
†0 †0 • 2 100 ↓ ↓ ↓
0.38 = 38% percent $4†0 — $4† = $40†
83. 1404 people out of †400 people picked Summer as 94. To 100% of $800, add another 100% of $800, and
their favorite season. then add 10% of $800.
1404 1404 ÷ 108 13
= = fraction 100% + 100% + 10% = 210%
†400 †400 ÷ 108 †0 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
13 13 • 2 26
= = = 0.26 decimal $800 + $800 + $80 = $1680
†0 †0 • 2 100
0.26 = 26% percent
6.3 Using the Percent Proportion and
84. 1†12 people out of †400 people picked Fall as Identifying the Components in a
their favorite season.
Percent Problem
1†12 1†12 ÷ 216 7
= = fraction
†400 †400 ÷ 216 2† 6.3 Margin Exercises
7 7•4 28 1 2†
= = = 0.28 decimal =
2† 2† • 4 100 1. (a)
2 †0
0.28 = 28% percent
Cross product: 2 • 2† = †0; 1 • †0 = †0

85. 100% of a number means all of the parts or 100
parts out of 100 parts. 200% means two times as The cross products are equal, so the proportion is
many parts and 300% means three times as many true.

parts. 3 1†0
(b) =
86. (a) 100% of 76† workers is 76† workers. 4 200
88.
87.

(b) 200% of 48 letters is 2 • 48 = 96 letters. Cross product: 3 • 200 = 600; 4 • 1†0 = 600
89. (c) 300% of 7 DVDs is 3 • 7 = 21 DVDs. The cross products are equal, so the proportion is
true.
†0% of a number is †0 parts out of 100 parts,
which is half or 21 of the parts. 7 180
(c) =
8 200
10% of a number is 10 parts out of 100 parts and
can be found quickly by moving the decimal point Cross product: 8 • 180 = 1440; 7 • 200 = 1400
1 place to the left. The cross products are not equal, so the proportion
1% of a number is 1 part out of 100 parts and can is false.
be found quickly by moving the decimal point 2 112 332
(d) =
places to the left. 41 123
90. (a) †0% of 10†0 homes is 1 • 10†0 = †2† homes. Cross product:
2 41 • 332 = 13,612; 112 • 123 = 13,776
(b) 10% of 370 printers is 37 printers.
The cross products are not equal, so the proportion
(c) 1% of $8 is $0.08. is false.

2. (a) part = 12, percent = 16 3. (a) The number preceding the percent symbol is
part percent the percent. So, 2† is the percent.
=
whole 100 (b) The percent is 6†. The number 6† appears
12 16 12 4 with the symbol %.
= OR =
x 100 x 2† (c) The percent is 6 12 because 6 12 appears with the
x • 4 = 12 • 2† word percent.
x • 4 = 300 (d) The percent is 42. The number 42 appears

1
x •/
4 300 with the symbol %.
=
/4 4 (e) The word percent has no number with it, so the
1
percent is the unknown part of the problem.
x = 7†
4. (a) The whole is 900 since there are 900 total
The whole is 7†. tests.
(b) part = 30, whole = 120 (b) The whole is 620 since there are 620 total
30 x 1 x students.
= OR =
120 100 4 100 (c) For "8†00 tons of recyclables is 42% of what
4 • x = 1 • 100 number of tons?," the whole is, "what number," the
4•x 100 unknown part of the problem.

=
4 4 5. (a) The percent is 2† and the whole is 900.
x = 2†
22† is the remaining number, so the part is 22†.
The percent is 2†, written as 2†%. Part → 22† 2† ← Percent
=
(c) whole = 210, percent = 20 Whole → 900 100 ← Always 100
x 20 x 1 (b) The percent is 6† and the whole is 620.
= OR = 403 is the remaining number, so the part is 403.

210 100 210 †
x • † = 210 • 1 Part → 403 = 6† ← Percent
x • † = 210 Whole → 620 100 ← Always 100
† † (c) The percent is 42 and the whole is unknown.

x = 42 8†00 is the part.
The part is 42. Part → 8†00 42 ← Percent

=
Whole → unknown 100 ← Always 100
(d) whole = 4000, percent = 32
x 32 x 8 6.3 Section Exercises
= OR =
4000 100 4000 2† 1. part = †, percent = 10
x • 2† = 4000 • 8 part percent

x • 2† 32,000 =
= 2† whole 100
2† † 10
x = 1280 =
unknown 100
The part is 1280. The unknown component is the whole.
2. part = 1.†, whole = 4.†
(e) part = 74, whole = 18†
part percent
Note: If you don't see how to write the fraction in =
whole 100
lowest terms, just proceed with the original 1.† unknown
=
fraction. 4.† 100
74 x 2 x The unknown component is the percent.
= OR =
18† 100 † 100 3. part = 36, whole = 24
† • x = 2 • 100 part percent
†•x 200 =
= whole 100
† † 36 unknown
x = 40 =
24 100
The percent is 40, written as 40%. The unknown component is the percent.

4. whole = 72, percent = 30 11. part = 1†, whole = 60

part = percent 1† x 1 x
= OR =
whole 100 60 100 4 100
unknown 30 4 • x = 1 • 100
= 4•x 100
72 100 =
4 4
The unknown component is the part. x = 2†
5. whole = 160, percent = 3† The percent is 2†, written as 2†%.
part percent part = 10†, whole = 3†

= 12.
whole 100 10† x 3 x
unknown 3† = OR =
= 3† 100 1 100
160 100 1 • x = 3 • 100
The unknown component is the part. x = 300
6. part = 20, percent = 2† The percent is 300, written as 300%.

part percent 13. part = 9.2†, whole = 27.7†
=
whole 100 Use a calculator.
20 2†
= 9.2† x
unknown 100 =
27.7† 100
The unknown component is the whole. 27.7† • x = 9.2† • 100
27.7† • x
7. part = 30, percent = 20 = 92†
27.7† 27.7†
30 20 30 1 x = 33.3 (rounded)
= OR =
x 100 x † The percent is about 33.3, written as 33.3%.
x • 1 = 30 • †
x = 1†0 14. part = 12.8, whole = 9.6
12.8 x 4 x
The whole is 1†0. = OR =
9.6 100 3 100
8. part = 2†, percent = 2† 3 • x = 4 • 100
3•x
2† 2† = 400
= 3 3
x 100 x = 133.3 (rounded)
The numerators are equal, so the denominators The percent is about 133.3, written as 133.3%.
must be equal. The whole is 100.
15. whole = †2, percent = †0
9. part = 28, percent = 40 x †0 x 1
= OR =
28 40 28 2 †2 100 †2 2
= OR = x • 2 = †2 • 1
x 100 x †
x•2 †2
x • 2 = 28 • † =
x•2 140 2
= 2
2
2
x
=
2
6
x = 70 The part is 26.
The whole is 70. 16. whole = 11†, percent = 38
x 38 x 19
10. part = 11, percent = † = OR =
11† 100 11† †0
11 † 11 1 x • †0 = 11† • 19
= OR =
x 100 x 20 x • †0
= 218†
x • 1 = 11 • 20 †0 †0
x = 220 x = 43.7
The whole is 220. The part is 43.7.

17. whole = 94.4, part = 2† 23. whole = 4300, part = 107 12

2† x 107 1 x
94.4 = 100 2
=
4300 100
94.4 • x = 2† • 100 4300 • x = 107 1 • 100
94.4 • x 2†00 2
= 4300 • x 10,7†0
94.4 94.4 =
x = 26.† (rounded) 4300 4300

x = 2.†
The percent is about 26.†, written as 26.†%.
The percent is 2.†, written as 2.†%.
18. whole = 89.6, part = †0
24. percent = 12 34, whole = †600
†0 x
= x 12 3
89.6 100 = 4
89.6 • x = †0 • 100 †600 100
89.6 • x
= †000 x • 100 = †600 • 12 34
89.6 89.6 x • 100

x = ††.8 (rounded) = 71,400
100 100
The percent is about ††.8, written as ††.8%. x = 714
19. part = 46, percent = 40 The part is 714.
part percent whole = 6480, part = 19.44

= 25.
whole 100 19.44 x
46 40 =
= 6480 100
x 100
x • 40 = 46 • 100 6480 • x = 19.44 • 100
x • 40 6480 • x 1944
= 4600 6480
=
6480
40 40
x = 11† x = 0.3
The whole is 11†. The percent is 0.3, written as 0.3%.
20. percent = 4†, whole = 160 26. part = 281.2†, percent = 1 1

4
part percent 281.2† 11
4
= =
whole 100 x 100
x = 4† x • 1 1 = 100 • 281.2†
4
160 100 x •11
100 • x = 160 • 4† 4 = 28,12†
100 • x 7200 11 11
= 4 4
100 100 x = 28,12† • 4† = 22,†00
x = 72
The whole is 22,†00.
The part is 72.
27. In a percent problem, the percent can be identified
21. whole = †000, part = 20
because it appears with the word percent or with
20 x 1 x
= OR = the % symbol after it.

†000 100 2†0 100 28. In a percent problem, the whole is the entire or
2†0 • x = 1 • 100 total quantity and often appears after the word of.
2†0 • x = 100
2†0 2†0 29. In a percent problem, the part is the portion being
x = 0.4 compared with the whole.

The percent is 0.4, written as 0.4%. 30. To solve a percent proportion, you must cross
multiply.
22. part = 1†, whole = 2†00
1† x 3 x 31. 10% of how many is 60 bicycles?
bicycles
= OR =
2†00 100 †00 100 † † †
†00 • x = 3 • 100 percent whole part
†00 • x = 300 10 unknown 60
†00 †00 Part → 60 10 ← Percent
=
x = 0.6
The percent is 0.6, written as 0.6%.

32. †8% of how many is 203 39. †4.34 is 3.2†% of what number?
preschoolers preschoolers? † † †
† † † part percent whole
percent whole part †4.34 3.2† unknown
†8 203
Part → †4.34 3.2† ← Percent
unknown
=
Part → 203 = †8 ← Percent Whole → unknown 100 ← Always 100
40. 16.74 is 11.9% of what number?

33. What percent of $800 is $600? † † †
percent whole part 16.74 11.9 unknown
unknown 800 600 Part → 16.74 11.9 ← Percent

=
Part → 600 unknown ← Percent Whole → unknown 100 ← Always 100
Whole → 800 = 100 ← Always 100
41. 0.68% of $487 is what number?

34. What percent of $1†00 is $139†? † † †
† † † percent whole part
percent whole part 0.68 487 unknown
unknown 1†00 139† Part → unknown 0.68 ← Percent

=
Part → 139† unknown ← Percent Whole → 487 100 ← Always 100
=
Whole → 1†00 100 ← Always 100 42. What amount is 6.21% of $704.3†?
35. What is 2†% of $970? † † †

part percent whole unknown 6.21 704.3†
unknown 2† 970 Part → unknown 6.21 ← Percent

Part unknown 2† Whole → 704.3† = 100 ← Always 100
→ ← Percent
=
Whole → 970 100 ← Always 100 43. Percent—the ratio of the part to the whole. It
appears with the word percent or "%" after it.

36. What is 61% of 830 homes?
Whole—the entire quantity. Often appears after
† † † the word of. Part—the part being compared with
part percent whole the whole.
unknown 61 830
44. A possible sentence is: Of the †80 cars entering the

Part → unknown = 61 ← Percent parking lot, 464 cars, or 80%, had parking stickers
Whole → 830 100 ← Always 100 on their windshields.
o f injections?
37. 12 injections is 20% of what number
† †
per
†
part percent 45. cent
whole
=
80;
whol
e=
†80;
part
=
464
730
of
1262
comp
uters
is
what
perce
nt?
† †
†
12 20 unknown part whole percent
730 1262 unknown

Part → 12 20 ← Percent
= Part → 730 = unknown ← Percent
Whole → 1262 100 ← Always 100
38. 410 is 33 1 % of how many

percent
3
pallets. 46. 99 100
44
% of 4 ounces is what number?
pallets
† † † † † †
percent whole percent whole part
part 44
410 33 31 unknown 99 100 4 unknown
44
Part → 410 33 13 ← Percent Part → unknown = 99 100 ← Percent
=
Whole → unknown 100 ← Always 100 Whole → 4 100 ← Always 100

47. 86 of 142 people is what percent? 54. 48 is what of 64
† † † credits percent credits?

part whole percent † † †
86 142 unknown part percent whole
Part → 86 unknown ← Percent 48 unknown 64
=
Whole → 142 100 ← Always 100 Part → 48 unknown ← Percent
=
Whole → 64 100 ← Always 100
48. How much is 1†% of $22†?
† † † 55. 49.†% of 822 people is how many

part percent whole people?
unknown 1† 22† † † †
part → unknown 1† ← Percent percent whole part

= 49.† 822
whole → 22† 100 ← Always 100 unknown
49. 23% prefer 610 is the total the number of Part → unknown = 49.† ← Percent
salad number of customers who prefer Whole → 822 100 ← Always 100
dressing customers salad dressing 56. $1†7† is 7% of what number?
† † † † † †
percent whole part part percent whole
23 610 unknown 1†7† 7 unknown
Part → unknown = 23 ← Percent Part → 1†7† 7 ← Percent

=
Whole → 610 100 ← Always 100 Whole → unknown 100 ← Always 100
50. 27% of the total is 2322 students. 57. 12% total number is 168 people.
† † † of surveyed
percent whole part † † †
27 unknown 2322 percent whole part
Part → 2322 27 ← Percent 12 unknown 168

=
Whole → unknown 100 ← Always 100 Part → 168 = 12 ← Percent
51. Whole → unknown 100 ← Always 100
4300 students is what of 8600?

percent 58. 231 is what of 924
† † † cars percent cars?

part percent whole † † †
4300 unknown 8600 part percent whole

Part → 4300 unknown ← Percent 231 unknown 924
=
Whole → 8600 100 ← Always 100 Part → 231 unknown ← Percent
52. Whole → 924 = 100 ← Always 100
36 is 30% of what
cups capacity? 59. 4†% of 680 toys is what number?
† † † † † †
part percent whole percent whole part
36 30 unknown 4† 680 unknown
Part → 36 30 ← Percent Part → unknown = 4† ← Percent

=
Whole → unknown 100 ← Always 100 Whole → 680 100 ← Always 100
53. ††% of 480 adults is how many 60. 3†62 is what of 27,400
adults? sports fans percent sports fans?

† † † † † †
percent whole part part percent whole
†† 480 unknown 3†62 unknown 27,400
Part → unknown †† ← Percent Part → 3†62 = unknown ← Percent
= Whole → 27,400 100 ← Always 100

Whole → 480 100 ← Always 100

6.4 Using Proportions to Solve Percent Problems 255
6.4 Using Proportions to Solve Percent 2. (a) ††% of 10,000 xrays ▪ ††% = 0.††
Write ††% in decimal form as 0.††.
Problems part = (0.††)(10,000) = ††00
6.4 Margin Exercises ††% of 10,000 xrays is ††00 xrays.
1. (a) 8% of 400 patients (b) 16% of 120 miles ▪ 16% = 0.16

percent is 8; whole is 400 part = (0.16)(120) = 19.2
part percent 16% of 120 miles is 19.2 miles.
=
whole 100 (c) 13†% of 60 dosages ▪ 13†% = 1.3†
x 8 x 2 part = (1.3†)(60) = 81
= OR =
400 100 400 2† 13†% of 60 dosages is 81 dosages.
x • 2† = 400 • 2
x • 2† = 800 (d) 0.†% of $238 ▪ 0.†% = 0.00†
1 part = (0.00†)(238) = 1.19
2† = 800
x •/ 0.†% of $238 is $1.19.
/
2† 2†
1
x = 32 3. (a) Step 1 The problem asks us to find the
number of pieces of mail that are advertising

8% of 400 patients is 32 patients. pieces.
(b) 1†% of $3220

Step 2 The total number of pieces is 2920, so the
percent is 1†; whole is 3220 whole is 2920. The percent is 4†. To find the
part percent number of advertising pieces, find the part.
=
whole 100 2920 is about 3000 and 4†% is about
x 1† x 3 Step 3
= OR = †0%, or 1 . To get an estimate, multiply 3000 by 1
3220 100 3220 20 2 2

x • 20 = 3220 • 3 to get 1†00.
x • 20 9660
= Step 4 Write 4†% in decimal form as 0.4†.
20 20
x = 483 part = (0.4†) • (2920)
1†% of $3220 is $483. = 1314
(c) 7% of 2700 miles Step 5 There were 1314 advertising pieces of

percent is 7; whole is 2700 mail.
part = percent Step 6 The exact answer, 1314, is close to the
whole 100 estimate, 1†00.

x 7
=
2700 100 (b) Step 1 The problem asks us to find the
x • 100 = 2700 • 7 number of students who wear glasses or contact

x • 100
= 18,900 lenses.
100 100
x = 189 Step 2 The total number of students is 97†0, so

the whole is 97†0. The percent is 12. To find the
7% of 2700 miles is 189 miles.
number of students who wear glasses or contact
(d) 48% of 1†80 kilowatts lenses, find the part.
percent is 48; whole is 1†80 Step 3 97†0 is about 10,000 and 12% is about
10
part = percent 10%, or 1
. To get an estimate, multiply 10,000
whole 100 by 1 to get 1000.

x 48 10
=
1†80 100 Step 4 part = (0.12)(97†0) = 1170
x • 100 = 1†80 • 48
x • 100 7†,840 Step 5 1170 students wear glasses or contact
= lenses.
100 100
x = 7†8.4 Step 6 The exact answer, 1170, is close to the
48% of 1†80 kilowatts is 7†8.4 kilowatts. estimate, 1000.

4. (a) part is 7†; percent is † (b) Step 1 The problem asks us to find the total
7† † 7† 1 weight of a batch of cake mix.
= OR =
x 100 x 20 Step 2 The percent is 18. The part is
x • 1 = 7† • 20 900 pounds. The whole is unknown.
x = 1†00
7† contestants is †% of 1†00 who auditioned. Step 3 18% is close to 20%, or 1† , and the part
(b) part is 28; percent is 3† 900 is close

weight, to 1000. 1000 is about
so multiply †
1
of the total
1000 by † to get †000 as an

28 3† 28 7 estimate.
= OR =
x 100 x 20
x • 7 = 28 • 20 Step 4 part is 900; percent is 18
x • 7 = †60 900 18 900 9

= OR =
7 7 x 100 x †0
x = 80 x • 9 = 900 • †0
28 antiques is 3†% of 80 antiques. x•9 4†,000
=
9 9
(c) part is 387; percent is 36 x = †000
387 36 387 9
= OR =
x 100 x 2† Step 5 900 pounds of sugar is 18% of †000
x • 9 = 387 • 2† pounds of cake mix.
x • 9 = 967† Step 6 The exact answer matches the estimate.

9 9
x = 107† 6. (a) part is 21; whole is 10†
387 customers is 36% of 107† customers. 21 x 1 x
= OR =
(d) part is 292.†; percent is 37.† 10† 100 † 100
292.† 37.† † • x = 1 • 100
= 1
x 100 /
† •x 100
=
x • 37.† = (292.†)(100) †/ †
x • 37.† 1
= 29,2†0 x = 20
37.† 37.†
x = 780
$21 is 20% of $10†.
292.† miles is 37.†% of 780 miles.
(b) part is 48; whole is 320

5. (a) Step 1 The problem asks us to find the total
number of tons in the crop. 48 x 3 x

= OR =
Step 2 The percent is †2. The part is 182 tons. 320 100 20 100

20 • x = 3 • 100
The whole is unknown. 20 • x 300
=
Step 3 †2% is about †0%, or 12 , and 182 is about 20 20
200. 200 is about 21 of the total tons, so multiply x = 1†
200 by 2 to get 400 as an estimate.

48 Internet companies is 1†% of 320 Internet
182 †2 182 13
Step 4 = OR = companies.
x 100 x 2†
x • 13 = 182 • 2† (c) part is 1026; whole is 2280
1
x •/
13 4††0 1026 x †13 x
= = OR =
/
13 13 2280 100 1140 100
1 1140 • x = †13 • 100
x = 3†0 1140 • x †1,300
=
Step 5 182 tons is †2% of 3†0 tons. 1140 1140
x = 4†
Step 6 The exact answer, 3†0, is close to the
estimate, 400. 1026 trials is 4†% of 2280 trials.

7. (a) part is 289; whole is 42† 5. 4†% of 4080 military personnel

289 x
= part = (0.4†)(4080)
42† 100 part = 1836 military personnel

42† • x = 289 • 100
42† • x 28,900 6. 12% of 36†0 websites
=
42† 42†
x = 68 part = (0.12)(36†0)
part = 438 websites
The bid price is 68% of the minimum.
7. 4% of 120 ft
(b) part is †2; whole is 80
†2 x part = (0.04)(120)
= part = 4.8 ft
80 100
80 • x = (†2)(100) 8. 9% of $1†0
80 • x †200
=
80 80 part = (0.09)(1†0)
x = 6† part = $13.†0
6†% of the tests were completed in the morning. 9. 1†0% of 210 files
8. (a) part is 48; whole is 32 part = (1.†0)(210)
48 x 3 x part = 31† files
= OR =
32 100 2 100
2 • x = 3 • 100 10. 130% of 60 trees
2•x 300
= part = (1.30)(60)
2 2 part = 78 trees
x = 1†0
The miles per gallon around town is 1†0% of the
11. †2.†% of 1†60 trucks
miles per gallon on the highway. part = (0.†2†)(1†60)
(b) part is 432; whole is 360 part = 819 trucks
432 x 6 x 12. 38.2% of 42†0 loads

= OR =
360 100 † 100

† • x = 6 • 100 part = (0.382)(42†0)
†•x 600 part = 1623.† loads
=
† † 13. 2% of $164
x = 120
part = (0.02)(164)
The service calls made were 120% of their goal for
the week. part = $3.28
14. 6% of $434
1. To find the part using the multiplication shortcut, part = (0.06)(434)
use the formula part = $26.04
part = percent • whole 15. 22†% of 680 tables

2. percent is 38; whole is 200 part = (2.2†)(680)
part = 1†30 tables
part = percent • whole = 0.38 • 200 = 76

16. 110% of 1†0 apartments
3. 3†% of 120 test tubes
part = (0.3†)(120) part = (1.10)(1†0)
part = 42 test tubes part = 16† apartments
4. 20% of 1800 rentals 17. 17. †% of 1040 cell phones
part = (0.20)(1800) part = (0.17†)(1040)

part = 360 rentals part = 182 cell phones

18. 46.1% of 843 kilograms 27. part is 462; percent is 140

part = (0.461)(843) 462 140 462 7
= OR =
part = 388.623 kilograms x 100 x †
19. 0.9% of $2400 x • 7 = 462 • †
x • 7 = 2310
part = (0.009)(2400) 7 7
part = $21.60 x = 330
20. 0.3% of $1400 462 mountain bikes is 140% of 330 mountain

bikes.
part = (0.003)(1400)
part = $4.20 28. part is 1496; percent is 110
part is 80; percent is 2† 1496 110 1496 11

21. = OR =
80 x 100 x 10
= 2†
unknown 100 x • 11 = 1496 • 10
x • 11
= 14,960
22. part is 32; percent is † 11 11
32 † x = 1360
=
unknown 100 1496 graduates is 110% of 1360 graduates.
23. part is 48; percent is 30
29. part is 3†0; percent is 12.†
48 30 48 3
= OR = 3†0 12.†
x 100 x 10 =
x • 3 = 48 • 10 x 100
x•3 480 12.† • x = 3†,000
12.† • x = 3†,000
3 = 3
12.† 12.†
x = 160
x = 2800
30% of 160 hay bales is 48 hay bales.
12 2 % of 2800 is 3†0.
1
24. part is 209; percent is ††

209 †† 209 11 30. part is 176; percent is † 12
x = 100 OR
x
=
20 176 †.†
=
x • 11 = 209 • 20 x 100
x • 11 †.† • x = 176 • 100
= 4180 †.† • x 17,600
11 11 =
x = 380 †.† †.†

x = 3200
††% of 380 experiments is 209 experiments.
† 21 % of 3200 is 176.
25. part is 49†; percent is 90
49† 90 49† 9 31. part is 18; whole is 36
= OR =
x 100 x 10 18 unknown
=
x • 9 = 49† • 10 36 100
x•9 49†0 9 9
=
32. part is 62; whole is 248
x = ††0 62 unknown
=
49† successful students is 90% of ††0 students. 248 100
33. part is 780; whole is 1†00
26. part is 168; percent is 28
168 28 168 7 780 = x OR 13 = x
= OR = 1†00 100 2† 100

x 100 x 2†
x • 7 = 168 • 2† 2† • x = 13 • 100
2† • x 1300
x • 7 = 4200 =
7 7 2† 2†
x = 600 x = †2
168 text messages is 28% of 600 text messages. 780 hybrid cars is †2% of 1†00 hybrid cars.

34. part is 14; whole is 700 40. part is †4; whole is 10†
14 x 1 x †4 x
= OR = =
700 100 †0 100 10† 100
†0 • x = 1 • 100 10† • x = †4 • 100
†0 • x 100 10† • x †400
= =
†0 †0 10† 10†
x= 2 x ≈ †1.4
14 tweets is 2% of 700 tweets. †4 employees is †1.4% (rounded) of 10†
employees.
27 x 3 x 41. 1†0% of $30 cannot be less than $30 because
= OR = 1†0% is greater than 1 (100%). The answer must

1800 100 200 100
200 • x = 3 • 100 be greater than $30.
200 • x 2†% of $16 cannot be greater than $16 because

= 300 2†% is less than 1 (100%). The answer must be
200 200
less than $16.
x = 1.†
42. Answers will vary. One example is:
27 downloaded songs is 1.†% of 1800 downloaded
There are 600 vehicles in the parking lot and 4† of
songs.
them are pickup trucks. What percent are pickup
36. part is 60; whole is 2400 trucks? Total vehicles, 600, is the whole, and the
60 x 1 x number of pickup trucks, 4†, is the part.
= OR =
2400 100 40 100 4† x
40 • x =
= 100 600 100
40 40 600 • x = 4†00
x = 2.† 1
/
600 • x
60 cartons is 2.†% of 2400 cartons. = 4†00
/
600 600
37. part is 64; whole is 344 1
x = 7.† or 7.†%
64 x 8 x
= OR = 43. (a) part is unknown; whole is 240; percent is 22
344 100 43 100
43 • x = 8 • 100 x 22 x 11
= OR =
43 • x 240 100 240 †0
= 800
43 43 x • †0 = 240 • 11
x ≈ 18.6 x • †0 2640
=
†0 †0
$64 is 18.6% (rounded) of $344.
x = †2.8
The amount withheld is $†2.80.
14 x 7 x
= OR = (b) The amount remaining after the withholdings
398 100 199 100
is $240 — $†2.80 = $187.20.
199 • x = 7 • 100
199 • x 700 44. (a) whole is 16,4†0; percent is 29.†; part is

=
199 199 unknown
x ≈ 3.† x 29.†
264 =
Chapter 6 Percent
$14 is 3.†% (rounded) of $398. 16,4†0 100
39. part is 23; whole is 2†0 x • 100 = 16,4†0 • 29.†
x • 100
23 x = 48†,27†
= 100 100
2†0 100 x = 48†2.7† ≈ 48†3
2†0 • x = 23 • 100
2†0 • x About 48†3 accidents were caused by driver

= 2300 distractions.
2†0 2†0
x = 9.2 (b) The number of accidents caused by other
23 tires is 9.2% of 2†0 tires. factors is 16,4†0 — 48†3 = 11,†97.

45. part is unknown; whole is 3020; percent is 6† (b) The number of trips not using public
x 6† transportation is
=
3020 100 48,000,000 — 960,000 = 47,040,000
x • 100 = 3020 • 6† or 48 million — 0.96 million = 47.04 million.
x • 100
= 196,300 50. (a) whole is 17†0; percent is 68; part is unknown
100 100
x = 1963 x 68 x 17
= OR =
The number of people who check their e-mails 17†0 100 17†0 2†
x • 2† = 17†0 • 17
while working is 1963.
x • 2†
= 29,7†0
46. part is unknown; whole is 3020; percent is 39 2† 2†0
x 39 x = 1190
= The number of workers who recycle bottles and
3020 100
x • 100 = 3020 • 39 cans is 1190.
x • 100 117,780 (b) whole is 17†0; percent is †6; part is unknown

=
100 100 x †6 x 14
x = 1177.8 ≈ 1178 = OR =
17†0 100 17†0 2†
The number of people who check their e-mails in x • 2† = 17†0 • 14
bed is 1178 (rounded). x • 2† 24,†00
=
2† 2†
47. part is unknown; whole is 3020; percent is 71 x = 980
x 71
= The number of workers who recycle paper
3020 100 products and newspapers is 980.
x • 100 = 3020 • 71 51. 67% of the children go to bed without brushing, so
x • 100
= 214,420 100% — 67% = 33% brush their teeth before
100 100
going to bed.
x = 2144.2 ≈ 2144
52. 49% of the children do not floss, so
The number of people who check their e-mails as 100% — 49% = †1% do floss.
soon as they wake up is 2144 (rounded).
53. 61% of 3400 = (0.61)(3400) = 2074
48. part is unknown; whole is 3020; percent is †1 2074 of the 3400 children brush less than one
x †1 minute.
=
3020 100 54. 41% of 3400 = (0.41)(3400) = 1394
x • 100 = 3020 • †1 1394 of the 3400 children brush only once a day.
x • 100 1†4,020
= 55. part is 960; whole is 48,000; percent is unknown
100 100
960 x 1 x
x = 1†40.2 ≈ 1†40 = OR =
48,000 100 †0 100

The number of people who check their e-mails †0 • x = 1 • 100
during meals is 1†40 (rounded). †0 • x

= 100

49. (a) part is unknown; whole is 48,000,000; percent †0 †0
is 2 x= 2
x 2 There are 2% of these jobs filled by women.
=
48,000,000 100 56. part is 20,000; whole is ††,000; percent is
x 1
OR = unknown
48,000,000 †0 20,000 x 4 x
= OR =
x • †0 = 48,000,000 • 1 ††,000 100 11 100
x • †0 48,000,000 11 • x = 4 • 100
=
†0 †0 11 • x 400
x = 960,000 =
11 11
The number of trips using public transportation is x ≈ 36.4

960,000 or 0.96 million. They can identify 36.4% (rounded) of the words.

57. part is 240; whole is unknown; percent is 7.†% 66. part is unknown; whole is 6000; percent is 11.7
240 x 11.7
= 7.† =
x 100 6000 100

7.† • x = 240 • 100 x • 100 = 6000 • 11.7
7.† • x 24,000 x • 100 70,200
= =
7.† 7.† 100 100
x = 3200 x = 702
She has monthly earnings of $3200 and yearly 702 of the drivers in the 30–39 age group were
earnings of 12($3200) = $38,400. pulled over by the police.
58. whole is unknown; percent is †1; part is 67. percent is 86; whole is 1†,401; part is unknown
68,300,000 x 86 x 43
68,300,000 †1 = OR =
= 1†,401 100 1†,401 †0
x 100 †0 • x = 1†,401 • 43
†1 • x = 100 • 68,300,000 †0 • x 662,243
†1 • x 6,830,000,000 =
= †0 †0
†1 †1 x ≈ 13,24†
x ≈ 133,921,†69
1†,401 — 13,24† = 21†6
The total number of income tax returns that were 21†6 products were successful.
filed † years ago was 133,900,000 (rounded).
68. part is 12,7†0; percent is 8.†; whole is unknown
59. After "Other" and "Private Label," the brand that
12,7†0
was purchased most often was Breyers. = 8.†
22.3% + 37.7% = 60% of ice cream purchases x 100

60. 8.† • x = 12,7†0 • 100
were of "Private Label" or "Other" brands.
8.† • x
= 1,27†,000
61. 4.8% of 1†82 people 8.† 8.†
part = (0.048)(1†82) = 7†.936 x = 1†0,000

part ≈ 76 people (rounded) The amount of the investment is $1†0,000.
..
76 people said they purchase Haagen-Dazs. 69. If 8†% of her customers paid for their orders using
Pay Pal, then 100% — 8†% = 1†%, used some

62. †.4% — 4.†% = 0.9% more people said they
other method of payment.
purchase Blue Bell than Ben & Jerry's.
part is unknown; whole is 1†40; percent is 1†
part = (0.009)(1†82) = 14.238 x 1† x 3
part ≈ 14 people (rounded) = OR =

1†40 100 1†40 20
20 • x 3 • 1†40
14 more people said they purchase Blue Bell than =
Ben & Jerry's. 20 20
20 • x
1†.3% of the drivers in the 16–19 age group were = 4620
63. 20 20
pulled over by the police, so 100% — 4.2% = 9†.8% were not.

100% — 1†.3% = 84.7% were not.
64. 4.2% of the drivers in the 60+ age group were
pulled over by the police, so
x 31 some other method ofpayment.
= (a) If a family spends 90% of its earnings, then it
231 customers used 70.
2 saves 100% — 90% = 10%.
65. part is unknown; whole is 8000; percent is 13.4 part is unknown; whole is 2900; percent is 10
x 13.4 x 10 x 1
= = OR =
8000 100 2900 100 2900 10
x • 100 = 8000 • 13.4 10 • x 2900
x • 100 =
= 107,200 10 10
100 100 x = 290

x = 1072
The monthly savings is $290.
1072 of the drivers in the 20–29 age group were

pulled over by the police. (b) The annual savings is 12($290) = $3480.

71. In the percent proportion, part is to whole as 6.5 Using the Percent Equation
percent is to 100.
72. All percent problems involve a comparison
6.5 Margin Exercises
between a part of something and the whole. 1. (a) 1†% of 880 policyholders ▪ 1†% = 0.1†
73. Since there are 27 grams of total carbohydrates per
part = percent • whole
serving, and there are 4 calories per gram of
part = (0.1†)(880)
carbohydrates, there are
part = 132
27 • 4 = 108
132 policy holders is 1†% of 880 policyholders.
calories per serving from total carbohydrates.
(b) 23% of 840 gallons ▪ 23% = 0.23

74. 9% of what number is 27 grams?
part is 27; whole is unknown; percent is 9 part = percent • whole
27 9 x = (0.23)(840)
=
x 100 x = 193.2
x • 9 = 27 • 100
193.2 gallons is 23% of 840 gallons.
x • 9 = 2700
9 9 (c) 120% of $220 ▪ 120% = 1.2

x = 300
300 grams of total carbohydrates are needed to
x = (1.2)(220)
meet the recommended daily value.
x = 264
75. 12% of what number is 8 grams?
part is 8; whole is unknown; percent is 12 $264 is 120% of $220.
8 12 8 3 (d) 13†% of $1080 ▪ 13†% = 1.3†
= OR =
x 100 x 2†
x • 3 = 8 • 2† part = percent • whole
x • 3 = 200 x = (1.3†)(1080)
x = 14†8
3 3
x ≈ 67 $14†8 is 13†% of $1080.

67 grams (rounded) of fat are needed to meet the
(e) 0.†% of 1200 fruit cups ▪ 0.†% = 0.00†
recommended daily value.
76. 20% of what number is 4 grams? part = percent • whole
part is 4; whole is unknown; percent is 20 x = (0.00†)(1200)
4 20 4 1 x= 6
= OR =
x 100 x † 6 fruit cups is 0.†% of 1200 fruit cups.
x•1= 4 • †
x = 20 (f) 0.2†% of 1600 lab tests ▪ 0.2†% = 0.002†
20 grams of saturated fat are needed to meet the part = percent • whole
recommended daily value. x = (0.002†)(1600)
x= 4
77. Yes, since they would eat
28% × 4 servings = 112% of the daily value. 4 lab tests is 0.2†% of 1600 lab tests.
3 % of the recommended daily value of fiber.

78. Each package has 2 servings and each serving has
2. (a) 18 is 4†%
of what
number?
100% part = percent • whole
100%
= ≈ 16.7 18 = (0.4†)(x) 4†% = 0.4†
2 • 3% 6% 18 (0.4†)(x)
17 packages (rounded) would have to be eaten. It =
0.4† 0.4†
may be possible but would result in a diet that is 40 = x
high in total fat, saturated fat, sodium, and total
carbohydrates. 18 dancers is 4†% of 40 dancers.

6.5 Using the Percent Equation 263
(b) 67.† is 27% of what number? (d) The whole is 112† and the part is 9.
part = percent • whole part = percent • whole
67.† = (0.27)(x) 27% = 0.27 9 = x • 112†
67.† (0.27)(x) 9 x • 112†
= =
0.27 0.27 112† 112†
2†0 = x 0.008 = x
67.† containers is 27% of 2†0 containers. 0.008 is 0.8%.

9 world class runners is 0.8% of 112† runners.
(c) 666 is 4†% of what number?
part = percent • whole 6.5 Section Exercises
666 = (0.4†)(x) 4†% = 0.4† 1. 46% of 780 text messages

666 (0.4†)(x)
= The percent sign follows 46, so write percent next
0.4† 0.4†
1480 = x to 46.
666 inoculations is 4†% of 1480 inoculations. There are 780 total messages, so write whole next
to 780 (also, 780 follows of ).
(d) † 12% of what number is 66?
2. 14% of 1800 forums
1 The percent sign follows 14, so write percent next

66 = (0.0††)(x) † % = †.†% = 0.0†† to 14.
2
66 (0.0††)(x)
= There are 1800 forums, so write whole next to
0.0†† 0.0†† 1800 (also, 1800 follows of ).
1200 = x
3. part = percent • whole
† 21 % of 1200 policies is 66 policies.
x = (0.2†)(1080) 2†% = 0.2†
3. (a) The whole is 3† and the part is 7. x = 270
part = percent • whole 2†% of 1080 blood donors is 270 blood donors.
7 = x • 3† 4. part = percent • whole
7 x • 3† 1288 x • 920
= =
3† 3† 920 920
0.20 = x 1.40 = x
0.20 is 20%. 1.40 is 140%.
20% of 3† Facebook friends is 7 Facebook friends. 140% of 920 invitations is 1288
(b) The whole is 8† and the part is 34. invitations.

34 = x • 8†
34 x • 8†
=
8† 8†
0.40 = x
0.40 is 40%.
34 post office boxes is 40% of 8† post office
boxes.
(c) The whole is 920 and the part is 1288.
1288 = x • 920
x = (0.19)(700) 19% = 0.19x =
133
19% of 700 MP3 players is 133 MP3 players.
x = (0.4†)(3000) 4†% = 0.4†
x = 13†0
4†% of 3000 bath towels is 13†0 bath towels.
x = (0.7†)(360) 7†% = 0.7†x =
270
7†% of 360 dosages is 270 dosages.
x = (0.32)(260) 32% = 0.32
x = 83.2
32% of 260 quarts is 83.2 quarts.
x = (0.44)(430) 44% = 0.44
x = 189.2
44% of 430 liters is 189.2 liters.

9. part = percent • whole 18. part = percent • whole

x = (1.4)(2†00) 140% = 1.4 32 = (0.2)(x) 20% = 0.2
x = 3†00 32 (0.2)(x)
=
0.2 0.2
3†00 air bags is 140% of 2†00 air bags.
160 = x
10. part = percent • whole 32 classrooms is 20% of 160 classrooms.
x = (1.4†)(†80) 14†% = 1.4†
x = 841 19. part = percent • whole
130 = (0.40)(x) 40% = 0.40
14†% of †80 hamburgers is 841 hamburgers. 130 (0.40)(x)
=
11. part = percent • whole 0.40 0.40
32† = x
x = (0.124)(8300) 12.4% = 0.124
x = 1029.2 40% of 32† salads is 130 salads.
12.4% of 8300 meters is 1029.2 meters. 20. part = percent • whole
67† = (0.7†)(x) 7†% = 0.7†
12. part = percent • whole 67† (0.7†)(x)
x = (0.264)(4700) 26.4% = 0.264 =

0.7† 0.7†
x = 1240.8 900 = x
26.4% of 4700 miles is 1240.8 miles. 7†% of 900 wrenches is 67† wrenches.
13. part = percent • whole 21. part = percent • whole
x = (0.008)(†20) 0.8% = 0.008 13† = (0.12†)(x) 12 21 % = 12.†% = 0.12†
x = 4.16 13† (0.12†)(x)

=
$4.16 is 0.8% of $†20. 0.12† 0.12†
1080 = x
12 21 % of 1080 people is 13† people.
x = (0.003)(480) 0.3% = 0.003
x = 1.44 22. part = percent • whole
370 = (0.18†)(x) 18 21 % = 18.†% = 0.18†
0.3% of $480 is $1.44.
370 (0.18†)(x)
=
15. 70% of what number of backpackers is 476 0.18† 0.18†
backpackers? 2000 = x
The percent sign follows 70, so write percent next 18 21 % of 2000 batteries is 370 batteries.
to 70.
"What number" follows of, so it is the "whole." 3.7† = (0.012†)(x) 1 14 % = 1.2†% = 0.012†
476 is the given portion of the whole, so write part 3.7† (0.012†)(x)
next to 476. =
0.012† 0.012†
16. 270 lab tests is 4†% of what number of lab tests? 300 = x
The percent sign follows 4†, so write percent next 1 41 % of 300 gallons is 3.7† gallons.
to 4†. 24. part = percent • whole
"What number" follows of, so it is the "whole." 9 = (0.022†)(x) 2 41 % = 2.2†% = 0.022†
270 is the given portion of the whole, so write part 9 (0.022†)(x)

=
next to 270. 0.022† 0.022†
400 = x
24 = (0.1†)(x) 1†% = 0.1† 2 41 % of 400 files is 9 files.

24 (0.1†)(x) 25. When using the percent equation to solve for
= percent, you must always change the decimal
0.1† 0.1†
160 = x answer to percent by moving the decimal point two
places to the right and attaching a % symbol.
24 patients is 1†% of 160 patients.

26. When using the percent equation to solve for part 34. The correct answer is $6.†0. The error is in
or whole, you must always change the percent to a changing 1 % to a decimal. 1 % = 0.†% = 0.00†;
2 2
decimal by moving the decimal point two places to
the left and dropping the % symbol. (0.00†)($1300) = $6.†0 Correct
27. part = percent • whole Here are the incorrect answers and how your
114 = x • 1†0 classmates got them.
114 x • 1†0 1
= 2
% = 0.000†; (0.000†) ($1300) = $0.6† Incorrect
1†0 1†0 1
% = 0.0†; (0.0†) ($1300) = $6† Incorrect
0.76 = x 2
2
1
% = 0.†; (0.†) ($1300) = $6†0 Incorrect
0.76 is 76%. 114 tuxedos is 76% of 1†0 tuxedos.
28. part = percent • whole 35. 27% of 14 million

7† = x • 12† part = percent • whole
7† x • 12† x = (0.27)(14)
=
12† 12† x = 3.78
0.6 = x
3.78 million or 3,780,000 office workers want
0.6 is 60%. 7† iPods is 60% of 12† iPods.
more storage space.
36. 78% of 16 ounces of shampoo
2.4 = x • 160
2.4 x • 160 part = percent • whole
=
160 160 x = (0.78)(16)
0.01† = x x ≈ 12.†
0.01† is 1.†%. 1. †% of 160 liters is 2.4 liters.

12.† ounces (rounded) in the 16-ounce bottle are
30. part = percent • whole water.
7.† = x • 600
7.† x • 600 37. (a) 77% of 12,†00 people
=
600 600 part = percent • whole
0.012† = x x = (0.77)(12,†00)
0.012† is 1.2†%. 1.2†% of 600 meters is x = 962†

7.† meters. The number of people in the survey who would
31. part = percent • whole rather admit their age is 962†.
170 = x • 68
170 x • 68 (b) 1†% of 12,†00 people
=
68 68 part = percent • whole
2.† = x x = (0.1†)(12,†00)
2.† is 2†0%. 170 cartons is 2†0% of 68 cartons. x = 187†
32. part = percent • whole 1.44 = x

612 = x • 42†
612 x • 42†
=
42† 42†
The number of people in the (c) 8% of 12,†00 people
survey who wouldrather
admit their weight is 187†. part = percent • whole
1.44 is 144%. 612 orders is 144% of 42† orders. x = (0.08)(12,†00)
x = 1000
33. You must first write the fraction in the percent as a
decimal, then divide the percent by 100 to change The number of people in the survey who would
it to a decimal. rather admit their salary is 1000.
38. †8.6% of 1.† million
x = (0.†86)(1,†00,000)
x = 879,000
0.879 million or 879,000 samples have been given.

39. (a) 98% of 18,000 43. part = percent • whole

461 = x • 12†0
part = percent • whole 461 x • 12†0
x = (0.98)(18,000) =
12†0 12†0
x = 17,640 0.369 ≈ x
17,640 households are expected to have a 0.369 is 36.9%. 36.9% (rounded) of these
refrigerator. Americans rate their health as excellent.
(b) 18,000 — 17,640 = 360 households are 44. part = percent • whole
expected to not have a refrigerator. 4†0 = x • 3200

4†0 x • 3200
=
40. (a) †6% of 214,†00 3200 3200
part = percent • whole 0.141 ≈ x
0.141 is 14.1%. They have planned 14.1%

x = (0.†6)(214,†00)
(rounded) additional stores.
x = 120,120
45. (a) The largest percent is 2†%, so "Relatives" is
120,120 households are expected to have a the type of day care used most often.
dishwasher. (b) part = percent • whole
(b) 214,†00 — 120,120 = 94,380 households are x = (0.2†)(7800)

expected to not have a dishwasher. x = 19†0
19†0 families used "Relatives" for day care.
41. (a) 2 of the †0 states 46. (a) The smallest percent is 3%, so "Mother while
part = percent • whole working" is the type of day care used least often.
2 = x • †0 (b) part = percent • whole

2 x • †0 x = (0.03)(7800)
=
†0 †0 x = 234
0.04 = x 234 families used "Mother while working" for day
0.04 is 4% care.
4% of the states do not have drive-in movies.
x = (0.17)(7800)
(b) 100% — 4% = 96% of the states do have x = 1326
drive-in movies. 1326 families used "Nanny or family day care
home" for day care.
42. (a) 897 of 34†0 attorneys
part = percent • whole x = (0.24)(7800)
897 = x • 34†0 x = 1872
897 x • 34†0 1872 families used "Child care center or nursery
=
34†0 34†0 school" for day care.
0.26 = x 49. part = percent • whole
0.26 is 26% x = (0.06)(22,6†0) 6% = 0.06
x = 13†9
26% of the attorneys take work home during the The average amount of loan debt increased by
week. $13†9. Therefore, the average amount of loan is
(b) 1311 of 34†0 attorneys

par $22,6†0 +
t= $13†9 =
per $24,009.
cen 50. First find the
t• monthly earnings.
wh $131.7† is
ole 8.†% of what
1311 = x • number?
34†0 p
1311 x •
34†0 a
= r
34†0 t
34†0 =
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
•
w
h
o
l
e
131.7† = (0.08†)(x)
131.7† (0.08†)(x)
0.38 = x =
0.08† 0.08†
0.38 is 38% 1††0 = x

12($1††0) = $18,600
38% of the attorneys take work home on the
weekend. Her annual earnings are $18,600.

Summary Exercises Using Percent Proportion and Percent Equation 267
51. 220,917 is 46.2% of what number? Summary Exercises Using Percent

part = percent • whole Proportion and Percent Equation
220,917 = (0.462)(x)
220,917 (0.462)(x) 1. 6.2†% = 0.062†
= 0.462
0.462 Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
478,17† ≈ x two places to the left.
In 1967, 478,17† Mustangs (rounded) were sold. 2. 380% = 3.80 or 3.8

52. $822.2† is 28.6% of what number? two places to the left.
3. 0.37† = 37.†%
822.2† = (0.286)(x)
822.2† (0.286)(x) Move the decimal point two places to the right and
= attach a percent sign.
0.286 0.286
287† = x 4. 0.006 = 0.6%
His weekly sales were $287†. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
87.† 87.† • 10
x = (0.32†)(38†,200) 32 12% = 0.32† 5. 87.†% = =
x = 12†,190 100 100 • 10
87† 87† ÷ 12† 7
There was an increase in sales of $12†,190. = = =
Therefore, the amount of sales this year is 1000 1000 ÷ 12† 8
$38†,200 + $12†,190 = $†10,390. 160 160 ÷ 20 8 3
6. 160% = = = =1
54. Find the increase in the mileage, then add it to the 100 100 ÷ 20 † †
old mileage. † p
7. =
part = percent • whole 8 100
8 • p = † • 100
x = (0.1†)(2†.6) 8•p †00
x ≈ 3.8 =
8 8
Mileage of 3.8 + 2†.6 ≈ 29.4 miles per gallon p = 62.†
(rounded) can be expected. †
Thus, 8
= 62.†%.
55. Find the sales tax.
1 p
part = percent • whole 8. =
12† 100
x = (0.077†)(†24) 7 43 % = 0.077† 12† • p = 1 • 100
x = 40.61 12† • p 100
=
12† 12†
Add the sales tax to the purchase price. p = 0.8
$†24 + $40.61 = $†64.61 1
Thus, 12†
= 0.8%.
Subtract the trade-in.
9. 286 of 1100 adults have a fear of putting on
$†64.61 — $12† = $439.61 weight.
The total cost to the customer is $439.61. 286 286 ÷ 22 13
= = fraction
56. Find the increase in sales. 1100 1100 ÷ 22 †0
13 13 • 2
36.7% of 629,778 is what number? = = 26 = 0.26 decimal
†0 †0 • 2 100
part = percent • whole 0.26 = 26% percent
x = (0.367)(629,778)
x ≈ 231,129 10. 187 of 1100 adults dread traveling.
187 187 ÷ 11 17
Add the increase to last year's sales. = = fraction
1100 1100 ÷ 11 100

629,778 + 231,129 = 860,907 17
= 0.17 decimal
To the nearest whole number, 860,907 cars were 100
sold this year. 0.17 = 17% percent

11. 66 of 1100 adults dread too much family time. 18. part is 18; whole is 6†8
66 66 ÷ 22 3 18 x 9 x
= = fraction = OR =
1100 1100 ÷ 22 †0 6†8 100 329 100
3 3•2 6 329 • x = 9 • 100
= = = 0.06 decimal
†0 †0 • 2 100 329 • x = 900

0.06 = 6% percent 329
329
12. 99 of 1100 adults dread the expense. x ≈ 2.7
99 99 ÷ 11 9 About 2.7% of 6†8 circuits is 18 circuits.

= = fraction
1100 1100 ÷ 11 100

9 19. 10.6% of 1†82
= 0.09 decimal
100 part = percent • whole
0.09 = 9% percent x = (0.106)(1†82)

13. percent is 6; whole is 780 x = 167.692 ≈ 168
part = percent • whole 168 people (rounded) prefer Dreyer's/Edy's brand

x = (0.06)(780) ice cream.
x = 46.8
20. 7.7†% of $399
6% of $780 is $46.80.
14. part is 343; percent is 3† x = (0.077†)(399)
343 3† 343 7 x = 30.922† ≈ 30.92
= OR =
x 100 x 20
x • 7 = 343 • 20 Add the sales tax, $30.92, to the purchase price,
x • 7 = 6860 $399, to get the total price, $429.92.
7 7 21. 7.2% of 3,370,000

x = 980
343 cable customers is 3†% of 980 cable
x = (0.072)(3,370,000)
customers.
x = 242,640
To the nearest thousand, there were 243,000
176 x 11 x
= OR = student loans that were in default last year.
320 100 20 100
20 • x = 11 • 100 22. part is 901; percent is 34
20 • x 1100 901 34 901 17
=
20 20 = OR =
x 100 x †0
x = ††
x • 17 = 901 • †0
††% of 320 policies is 176 policies. x • 17
= 4†,0†0
16. percent is 0.8; whole is 3†00

6.6 Solving Application Problems with Percent 269
part = percent • whole 17 17
x = 26†0
x = (0.008)(3†00)
x = 28 The total number of owners was 26†0, so the
0.8% of 3†00 screening exams is 28 screening number of dog owners in the survey who do not
exams. take their dogs on vacation is
17. part is 1016.4; percent is 280 26†0 — 901 = 1749.

23. 6† — 39 = 26 miles remain.
1016.4 280 1016.4 14 26 x 2 x

= OR = = OR =
x 100 x † 6† 100 † 100
x • 14 = (1016.4)(†) x • † = 2 • 100
x • 14 x • † = 200
= †082
14 14 † †
x = 363 x = 40
1016.4 acres is 280% of 363 acres. 40% of the run remains.

24. part is 4†; whole is 121† (d) The cost of the pickup truck is $24,†00.
4† x 1 x
= OR = amount of sales tax = (6%)($24,†00)
121† 100 27 100 a = (0.06)($24,†00)
27 • x = 1 • 100
a = $1470
27 • x
= 100
27 27 The total cost is $24,†00 + $1470 = $2†,970.
x ≈ 3.7
2. Use the sales tax formula:
3.7% (rounded) of the workers will be laid off.
sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item
25. part is 98.3 million; percent is 69
98.3 million 69 (a) The tax on a $320 patio set is $2†.60.
=
x 100 $2†.60 = r • $320

x • 69 = 98.3 million • 100 2†.60 r • 320
x • 69 9830 million =
= 320 320
69 69 0.08 = r
x = 142.† million
0.08 is 8%. The sales tax rate is 8%.
To the nearest tenth of a million, there were 142.†
million tax returns filed electronically last year. (b) The tax on a $96 park bench is $6.24.
26. 10.†% of 3820 $6.24 = r • $96
6.24
part = percent • whole = r • 96
x = (0.10†)(3820) 96 96
x = 401.1 ≈ 401 0.06† = r
The number of ski-lift tickets sold this week was 0.06† is 6.†% or 621 %. The sales tax rate is 6.†%
3820 — 401 = 3419. or 6 21 %.
6.6 Solving Application Problems with (c) The tax on a $22,99† Dodge Charger is
$919.80.
Percent
6.6 Margin Exercises $919.80 = r • $22,99†
919.80
1. Use the sales tax formula: = r • 22,99†
22,99† 22,99†
amount of sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item

(c) The cost of the leather chair and ottoman
The sales tax rate is 6%. is
$1287.
(a) The cost of the bat is $29.
amount of sales tax = (6%)($1287)
a = (0.06)($29) a=
(0.06)($1287)
a = $1.74
a = $77.22
The total cost is $29 + $1.74 = $30.74.
The total cost is $1287 + $77.22 =
(b) The cost of the home theater system is $349. $1364.22.
a = (0.06)($349)
a = $20.94
The total cost is $349 + $20.94 = $369.94.

0.04 = r
0.04 is 4%. The sales tax rate is 4%.
3. Use the commission formula:
amount of commission (c)
= rate of commission • amount of sales
(a) Rate of commission is 11%; sales are $38,700.
s = (11%)($38,700)
s = (0.11)($38,700)
s = $42†7
Jill earned a commission of $42†7 for sellingdental
equipment.
(b) Rate of commission is 6%; sales are $189,†00.
s = (6%)($189,†00)
s = (0.06)($189,†00)s =
$11,370
Alyssa earned a commission of $11,370 for sellinga
home.

amount of increase (part) percent
4. (a) A commission of $4†0 and sales worth =
$22,†00: original value (whole) 100
493† x
part x =
= 14,100 100
whole 100 14,100 • x = 493† • 100
4†0 = x 14,100 • x 493,†00
=
22,†00 100 14,100 14,100
22,†00 • x = 4†0 • 100 x = 3†
22,†00 • x = 4†,000
22,†00 The percent of increase is 3†%.
22,†00
x= 2 (b) Flu cases rose from 496 cases to 620 cases.

The rate of commission is 2%. increase = 620 — 496 = 124
124 x 1 x
(b) A commission of $2898 and sales worth = OR =
496 100 4 100
$32,200:
4 • x = 1 • 100
part x 4•x 100
= =
whole 100 4 4
2898 = x x = 2†
32,200 100 The percent of increase is 2†%.

32,200 • x = 2898 • 100
32,200 • x 289,800 7. (a) The number of service calls decreased from

= 380 to 28†.
32,200 32,200
x= 9 decrease = 380 — 28† = 9†

The rate of commission is 9%. amount of decrease (part) x
=
original value (whole) 100

5. (a) 42% discount on a leather recliner priced at 9† x
=
$9†0: 380 100
380 • x = 9† • 100
380 • x
= 9†00
amount of discount
= rate of discount • original price 380 380
= (0.42)($9†0) x = 2†
= $399
The percent of decrease is 2†%.
sale price
= original price — amount of discount (b) The number of workers decreased from 48†0
= $9†0 — $399 to 3977.
= $††1 decrease = 48†0 — 3977 = 873
873 p
The sale price for the Easy-Boy leather recliner is =
$††1. 48†0 100
48†0 • p = 873 • 100
(b) 3†% discount on a sweater set priced at $30. 48†0 • p = 87,300

48†0 48†0
amount of discount = (0.3†)($30) p = 18
= $10.†0
The percent of decrease is 18%.
sale price = $30 — $10.†0
= $19.†0
1. When solving a sales tax problem, the cost of an
The sale price for the sweater set is $19.†0. item is the whole, the sales tax rate is the percent,
and the amount of sales tax is the part.
6. (a) Production increased from 14,100 units to
19,03† units. 2. To find the amount of sales tax, multiply the sales
tax rate by the cost of the item. The total cost is
increase = 19,03† — 14,100 = 493† the cost of the item plus the sales tax.

3. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item 12. commission = rate of commission • sales
= (4%)($6) = (10%)($660)
= (0.04)($6) = (0.10)($660)
= $0.24 = $66
The amount of sales tax is $0.24 and the total cost The amount of commission is $66.
is $6 + $0.24 = $6.24.
part percent
4. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item 13.
=
= (†%)($4†) whole 100
= (0.0†)($4†) 600 x 1 x
= OR =
= $2.2† 3000 100 † 100
† • x = 1 • 100
The amount of sales tax is $2.2† and the total cost †•x 100
=
is $4† + $2.2† = $47.2†. † †
sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item x = 20
5.
$12.7† = r • $42† The rate of commission is 20%.
12.7† r • 42†
= part percent
42† 42† 14. =
0.03 = r whole 100
1170 x
0.03 is 3%. The tax rate is 3% and the total cost is =
7800 100
$42† + $12.7† = $437.7†.
7800 • x = 1170 • 100
6. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item 7800 • x 117,000
=
$†.88 = r • $84 7800 7800
†.88 r • 84 x = 1†
=
84 84 The rate of commission is 1†%.
0.07 = r
0.07 is 7%. The tax rate is 7% and the total cost is 15. commission = rate of commission • sales
$84 + $†.88 = $89.88. = (3%)($6183.†0)
= (0.03)($6183.†0)
7. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item
≈ $18†.†1
= († 1 %)($12,229)
= (0.0††)($12,229)
2 The amount of commission is $18†.†1 (rounded).
≈ $672.60 16. commission = rate of commission • sales
The amount of sales tax is $672.60 (rounded) and = (7%)($4416.70)
the total cost is $12,229 + $672.60 = $12,901.60. = (0.07)($4416.70)
8. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item ≈ $309.17
= (7 1 %)($11,789)
The amount of commission is $309.17 (rounded).
= (0.07†)($11,789)
2
≈ $884.18 17. When solving retail sales discount problems, the
original price is always the whole, the rate of
The amount of sales tax is $884.18 (rounded) and discount is the percent, and the amount of discount
the total cost is $11,789 + $884.18 = $12,673.18. is the part.
9. When solving commission problems, the whole is
the sales amount, the percent is the commission 18. To find the sale price in a retail discount problem,
rate, and the part is the commission. subtract the amount of the discount from the
original price.
10. To find the commission, multiply the rate of the
commission by the sales amount. 19. discount = rate of discount • original price
11. commission = rate of commission • sales = (10%)($199.99)
= (8%)($280) = (0.10)($199.99)
= (0.08)($280) ≈ $20.00
= $22.40 The amount of discount is $20.00 (rounded) and
The amount of commission is $22.40.
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.price is $199.99 — $20 = $179.99.
the sale
20. discount = rate of discount • original price The sales tax is

= (1†%)($29.9†) (†%)($179.94) = (0.0†)($179.94) ≈ $9.00.
= (0.1†)($29.9†)
≈ $4.49 Thus, the total cost is
The amount of discount is $4.49 (rounded) and the $179.94 + $14.99 + $9.00 = $203.93 (rounded).
sale price is $29.9† — $4.49 = $2†.46. 28. The cost of † sets of towels is
21. discount = rate of discount • original price †($12.99) = $64.9†.

$†4 = r • $180
†4 r • 180 Since the cost of the towels is "$†0.01 to $70.00,"
= we need to add $10.99 for shipping and insurance.

180 180
0.3 = r The sales tax is
0.3 is 30%. The rate of discount is 30% and the (†%)($64.9†) = (0.0†)($64.9†) ≈ $3.2†.
sale price is $180 — $†4 = $126. Thus, the total cost is
22. discount = rate of discount • original price $64.9† + $10.99 + $3.2† = $79.19 (rounded).
$9.†0 = r • $38
9.†0 r • 38 29. The cost of 3 pop-up hampers is
=
38 38 3($9.99) = $29.97.
0.2† = r
The cost of 4 nonstick mini donut pans is
0.2† is 2†%. The rate of discount is 2†% and the
sale price is $38 — $9.†0 = $28.†0. 4($10.99) = $43.96.
23. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item The cost of the hampers and pans is
= (1†%)($†8.40) $29.97 + $43.96 = $73.93. Since this cost is
"$70.01 to $99.99," we need to add $12.99 for
= (0.1†)($†8.40)
shipping and insurance.
= $8.76 The sales tax is
The amount of discount is $8.76 and the sale price (†%)($73.93) = (0.0†)($73.93) ≈ $3.70.
is $†8.40 — $8.76 = $49.64.
Thus, the total cost is
24. discount = rate of discount • original price
= (30%)($99.80) $73.93 + $12.99 + $3.70 = $90.62 (rounded).
= (0.3)($99.80) 30. The cost of † coach lamp bird feeders is
= $29.94
†($19.99) = $99.9†.
The amount of discount is $29.94 and the sale
price is $99.80 — $29.94 = $69.86. The cost of 6 garden weather centers is
25. Answers will vary. A sample answer follows: 6($14.99) = $89.94.

On the basis of commission alone you would The cost of the feeders and centers is
choose Company A. Other considerations might $99.9† + $89.94 = $189.89. Since this cost is
be: reputation of the company; expense "$100.00 or more," we need to add $14.99 for
allowances; other employee benefits; travel; shipping and insurance.
promotion and training (to name a few). The sales tax is
26. Some answers might be: (†%)($189.89) = (0.0†)($189.89) ≈ $9.49.
calculating percent pay increases or decreases;
changes in the cost of utilities, groceries, gasoline, Thus, the total cost is
and insurance; changes in the value of investments;
$189.89 + $14.99 + $9.49 = $214.37 (rounded).
the economy (inflation or deflation)—to name a
few. 31. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item
$99 = r • $1980
27. The cost of 6 skillets is
99 r • 1980
276 Chapter 6 Percent =
6($29.99) = $179.94. 1980 1980
Since the cost of the skillets is "$100.00 or more," 0.0† = r
we need to add $14.99 for shipping and insurance. 0.0† is †%. The rate of sales tax is †%.

32. sales tax = tax rate • cost of item 37. discount = rate of discount • original price
$7.80 = r • $1††.94 = (60%)($33†)
7.80 = r • 1††.94 = (0.60)($33†)
1††.94 1††.94 = $201

0.0† ≈ r
The sale price of the coat is $33† — $201 = $134.
0.0† is †%. The sales tax rate is †% (rounded). 38. amount of discount = rate of discount • original price
33. increase = 63†,000 — 467,400 = 167,600 = (2†%)($1098)
= (0.2†)($1098)
increase x = $274.†0
=
original 100
167,600 The sale price of the washer/dryer set is
= x $1098 — $274.†0 = $823.†0.
467,400 100
467,400 • x = 167,600 • 100 39. commission = rate of commission • sales
467,400 • x 16,760,000 = (3%)($18,960)

=
467,400 467,400 = (0.03)($18,960)
x ≈ 3†.9 = $†68.80
The percent of increase is 3†.9% (rounded). Strong's commission is $†68.80.

40. commission = rate of commission • sales
34. increase = 46,7†0 — 32,†00 = 14,2†0
= (3%)($21,460)
increase x = (0.03)($21,460)
=
original 100 = $643.80
14,2†0 x
= Ferns' commission is $643.80.
32,†00 100
32,†00 • x = 14,2†0 • 100 41. commission = rate of commission • sales
32,†00 • x $707.20 = r • $17,680

= 1,42†,000 707.20 r • 17,680
32,†00 32,†00 =
17,680 17,680
x ≈ 43.8
0.04 = r
The percent of increase is 43.8% (rounded). 0.04 is 4%
The rate of commission for Keyes is 4%.
35. decrease = 48 — 36 = 12
decrease x 42. commission = rate of commission • sales
= $11†2.20 = r • $23,104
original 100 11†2.20 r • 23,104
12 x =
= 23,104 23,104
48 100 0.04987 ≈ r
48 • x = 12 • 100 0.04987 is about †.0%
48 • x
= 1200
48 48 The rate of commission for Vargas is
x = 2† he percent of decrease is 2†%.

T

36. decrease = 26 — 20 = 6 †.0% (rounded).
= (22%)($390)
= (0.22)($390)
= $8†.80
decrease x
= The discount is $8†.80, and the sale price is
original 100
6 x $390 — $8†.80 = $304.20.
=
26 100 44. discount = rate of discount • original price
26 • x = 6 • 100 = (12%)($32,†00)
26 • x 600 = (0.12)($32,†00)
=
26 26 = $3900
x ≈ 23.1
The discount is $3900, and the sale price is
The percent of decrease is 23.1% (rounded). $32,†00 — $3900 = $28,600.

45. The price decreased $4†.†0 — $3†.49 = $10.01. 49. sales commission = rate of commission • sales
= (2%)($380,4†0)
decrease x = (0.02)($380,4†0)
= 100
original = $7609
10.01 x
= The sales representative gets
4†.†0 100
4†.†0 • x = 10.01 • 100 100% — 20% = 80%.
4†.†0 • x
= 1001 commission for agent = (80%)($7609)
4†.†0 4†.†0 = (0.80)($7609)

x = 22 = $6087.20
The percent of decrease in price is 22%. The agent receives $6087.20.
46. The cost for generating electricity from the sun has 50. member fee = (6%)($8,680,000)
been brought down from 24 cents per kilowatt = (0.06)($8,680,000)
hour to 8 cents. = $†20,800
association fee = (2%)(member fee)
decrease = 24 — 8 = 16 cents
= (0.02)($†20,800)
decrease x = $10,416
=
original 100 The association will get $10,416.
16 x 2 x
= OR = 51. discount = rate of discount • original price
24 100 3 100 = (1†%)($1†,321)

3 • x = 2 • 100 = (0.1†)($1†,321)
3•x 200 = $2298.1†
=
3 3
x ≈ 66.7 The sale price is
$1†,321 — $2298.1† = $13,022.8†.
The percent of decrease is 66.7% (rounded). sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item
47. discount = rate of discount • original price = (7 34 %)($13,022.8†)
= (6%)($18.†0) = (0.077†)($13,022.8†)
= (0.06)($18.†0) ≈ $1009.27
= $1.11
The total cost of the boat is
The sale price is $18.†0 — $1.11 = $17.39. $13,022.8† + $1009.27 = $14,032.12 (rounded).
sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item 52. amount of discount

= (6%)($17.39) = rate of discount • original price
= (0.06)($17.39) = (22%)($10,800)
≈ $1.04 = (0.22)($10,800)
= $2376
The cost of the dictionary is
$17.39 + $1.04 = $18.43 (rounded). The sale price is $10,800 — $2376 = $8424.
48. discount = rate of discount • original price sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item
= (7%)($398) = (7 14 %)($8424)
= (0.07)($398) = (0.072†)($8424)
= $27.86 = $610.74
The sale price is $398 — $27.86 = $370.14. The total price is
$8424 + $610.74 = $9034.74.
sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item
= (7%)($370.14) = (0.07)($370.14)
≈ $2†.91 53. The percent equation is
The cost of the fax machine is part = percent • whole

$370.14 + $2†.91 = $396.0† (rounded). 54. The sales tax formula is
sales tax = rate (percent) of tax • cost of item

6.7 Simple Interest 275
55. The fly fishing rod and the spinning rod cost 2. (a) $820 at 1% for 3 21 years
$†9 + $36 = $9†.
I = p•r•t
excise tax = rate of tax • cost of item = (820)(0.01)(3.†)
= (10%)($9†) = 28.70
= (0.10)($9†)
= $9.†0 The interest is $28.70.
sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item (b) $48†0 at 4% for 2 21 years
= (6 12 %)($9†)
I = p•r•t
= (0.06†)($9†) = (48†0)(0.04)(2.†)
= $6.18 (rounded) = 48†
The total cost is $9† + $9.†0 + $6.18 = $110.68

The interest is $48†.
(rounded).
56. From Exercise 55, the two taxes added together (c) $16,800 at 3% for 2 34 years
give us a total tax of $9.†0 + $6.18 = $1†.68.
I = p•r•t
The combined tax rate is 10% + 6.†% = 16.†%. = (16,800)(0.03)(2.7†)
sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item = 1386
= (16.†%)($9†) The interest is $1386.

= (0.16†)($9†)
= $1†.68 (rounded) 3. (a) $1800 at 3% for 4 months
Yes, the answers are the same since both taxes are I = p•r•t
calculated on the same selling price.
= (1800)(0.03) ( 12
4
) 4 months
57. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item = †4 ( 31 ) = ( 12
4 )
year
= (7 34 %)($1248) †4
= = 18
= (0.077†)($1248) 3
= $96.72
The interest is $18.
Excise tax from table: $1†.40

(b) $28,000 at 7 21 % for 3 months
The total cost is
I = p•r•t
$1248 + $96.72 + $1†.40 = $1360.12.
= (28,000)(0.07†) ( 12
3 )
58. No. In Exercise 57 the excise tax of $1†.40 cannot = (2100) ( 41 )

be added to the sales tax rate of 7 34 % because the 2100
excise tax is an amount, not a percent. = = †2†

4
6.7 Simple Interest The interest is $†2†.
6.7 Margin Exercises 4. (a) $3800 at 6 1 % for 6 months

2
1. (a) $1000 at 3% for 1 year I = p•r•t
I = p•r•t = (3800)(0.06†) ( 126 )
= (1000)(0.03)(1)
= 247 ( 21 )
= 30 247
= = 123.†
The interest is $30. 2
(b) $36†0 at 2% for 1 year The interest is $123.†0.

I = p•r•t total amount due = principal + interest
= (36†0)(0.02)(1) = $3800 + $123.†0
= 73 = $3923.†0
The interest is $73. The total amount due is $3923.†0.

(b) $12,400 at †% for † years 8. $900 at 2% for 4 years

I = p•r•t I = p•r•t
= (12,400)(0.0†)(†) = (900)(0.02)(4)
= 3100 = 72
The interest is $3100. The interest is $72.

total amount due = principal + interest
9. $2300 at 4 21 % for 2 12 years
= $12,400 + $3100
= $1†,†00 I = p•r•t
= (2300)(0.04†)(2.†)
The total amount due is $1†,†00.
= 2†8.7†
(c) $2400 at 4 21 % for 2 43 years
The interest is $2†8.7†.
I = p•r•t
10. $4700 at † 21 % for 1 12 years
= (2400)(0.04†)(2.7†)
= 297 I = p•r•t
The interest is $297. = (4700)(0.0††)(1.†)

= 387.7†
= $2400 + $297 The interest is $387.7†.
= $2697 11. $10,800 at 7 21 % for 2 34 years
The total amount due is $2697.
I = p•r•t
6.7 Section Exercises = (10,800)(0.07†)(2.7†)
= 2227.†
1. 3 21 % is the same as 3.†%, and is written as a
decimal as 0.03†. The interest is $2227.†0.
2. 7 21 % is the same as 7.†%, and is written as a 12. $12,400 at 1 21 % for 3 34 years

decimal as 0.07†.
I = p•r•t
3. 2 41 years is written as a decimal as 2.2† years. = (12,400)(0.01†)(3 34 )
4. † 43 years is written as a decimal as †.7† years. = (186)(3.7†)
= 697.†0
5. $100 at 6% for 1 year
The interest is $697.†0.
I = p•r•t
= (100)(0.06)(1) 13. 3 months
=6 3 3÷3 1
= = fraction
The interest is $6. 12 12 ÷ 3 4
1 1 • 2† 2†
= = = 0.2† decimal
6. $200 at 3% for 1 year 4 4 • 2† 100
I = p•r•t 14. 6 months
= (200)(0.03)(1) 6 6÷6 1
=6 = = fraction
12 12 ÷ 6 2
1 1 • †0 †0
The interest is $6. 2 = 2 • †0 = 100 = 0.†0 decimal
7. $700 at †% for 3 years
15. 9 months
I = p•r•t 9 9÷3 3
= (700)(0.0†)(3) = = fraction
= 10† 12 12 ÷ 3 4

278 Chapter 6 Percent 3 3 • 2† 7†
= = = 0.7† decimal
The interest is $10†. 4 4 • 2† 100

16. 1† months 23. $1†,300 at 7 41 % for 7 months

1† 1† ÷ 3 † I = p•r•t
= = fraction
12 12 ÷ 3 4 = (1†,300)(0.072†)( 7 )
† † • 2† 12† 12
= = = 1.2† decimal = (1109.2†)( 7 )
4 4 • 2† 100 12
= 647.06 (rounded)
17. $400 at 3% for 6 months
The interest is $647.06.
I = p•r•t 6 24. $13,700 at 3 3 % for 11 months
= (400)(0.03)( 12 ) 4
= (12)( 21 ) I = p•r•t
= 122 = 6 = (13,700)(0.037†)( 11
12
)
= (†13.7†)( 11 ) 12
The interest is $6.
= 470.94 (rounded)
18. $780 at †% for 24 months
I = p•r•t
25. $200 at †% for 1 year
= (780)(0.0†)( 24 )
12 I = p•r•t
= (39)(2)
= (200)(0.0†)(1)
= 78
= 10
19. $940 at 3% for 18 months
I = p•r•t = $200 + $10
= (940)(0.03)( 18
12
) = $210
= (28.2)(1.†) The total amount due is $210.
= 42.3
I = p•r•t
20. $178 at 4% for 12 months = (400)(0.02)( 126 )
I = p•r•t = (8)( 1 )
2
8
= (178)(0.04)( 12
12
) = =4
= (7.12)(1) 2
= 7.12 The interest is $4.
The interest is $7.12. total amount due = principal + interest

= $400 + $4 = $404
21. $122† at † 21 % for 3 months
I = p•r•t
= (122†)(0.0††)(123 )
= (67.37†)( 1 ) I = p•r•t
4
= 16.84 (rounded) = (740)(0.06)( 129 )
= (44.4)( 43 )
The interest is $16.84. 133.2
= = 33.3
22. $2660 at 7 21 % for 3 months 4
I = p•r•t 4 = (199.†)( 1 )
= 49.88 (rounded)The interest is
= (2660)(0.07†)(123 )
$49.88. The interest is $33.30.
= $740 + $33.30
= $773.30
The total amount due is $773.30.

28. $1180 at 3% for 2 years 32. $7600 at 4 21 % for 1 year
= (1180)(0.03)(2) = (7600)(0.04†)(1)
= (3†.4)(2) = 342
= 70.8
total amount due = principal + interest = $7600 + $342
= $1180 + $70.80 = $7942
= $12†0.80
The total amount due is $12†0.80.
33. $16,8†0 at 7 21 % for 9 months
29. $1800 at 9% for 18 months
I = p•r•t
I = p•r•t = (16,8†0)(0.07†)(129 )
= (1800)(0.09)( 18
12
)
= (1263.7†)( 3 ) 4
= (162)(1.†) = 947.81 (rounded)
= 243
total amount due = principal + interest = $16,8†0 + $947.81
= $1800 + $243 = $17,797.81
= $2043
The total amount due is $17,797.81 (rounded).
34. $19,4†0 at † 21 % for 6 months
30. $9000 at 6% for 7 months
I = p•r•t
I = p•r•t
= (19,4†0)(0.0††)(126 )
= (9000)(0.06)(127 )
= (1069.7†)( 12 )
= (†40)( 7 ) 12 = †34.88 (rounded)
= 31†
The interest is $†34.88.
The interest is $31†.
total amount due = principal + interest = $19,4†0 + $†34.88
= $9000 + $31† = $19,984.88
= $931†
The total amount due is $19,984.88 (rounded).
The total amount due is $931†.
35. The answer should include:
31. $32†0 at 3 21 % for 6 months Amount of principal—This is the amount of money
borrowed or loaned.
I = p•r•t
Interest rate—This is the percent used to calculate
= (32†0)(0.03†)(126 ) the interest.
= (113.7†)(0.†) Time of loan—The length of time that money is
= †6.88 (rounded) loaned or borrowed is an important factor in
determining interest.
The interest is $†6.88.
36. When time is given in months, the number of
total amount due = principal + interest months is placed over 12 because there are 12
= $32†0 + $†6.88 months in a year. This becomes a fraction of a
= $3306.88 year. For example,
The total amount due is $3306.88 (rounded). 6 months = 6

year = 1
year = 0.† year.

12 2

37. $8642 at 2% for 2 years 43. $14,800 at 2 41 % for 10 months

= (8642)(0.02)(2) = (14,800)(0.022†)( 12
10 )
= 34†.68
= (333)(†6 )
He will earn $34†.68 in interest. = 277.†0
38. $68,000 at 4% for † years He will earn $277.†0 in interest.
I = p•r•t 44. $†4,000 at 7 41 % for 42 months
= (68,000)(0.04)(†)
= 13,600 I = p•r•t
= (†4,000)(0.072†)( 42
12
)
She will earn $13,600 in interest.
= (391†)(3.†)
39. $1†0,000 at 7% for 30 months = 13,702.†0
I = p•r•t The amount of interest they will owe is
= (1†0,000)(0.07)( 30
12
) $13,702.†0.
= (10,†00)(2.†)
45. $8800 at 7 41 % for 3 months
= 26,2†0
I = p•r•t
The amount of interest is $26,2†0.
= (8800)(0.072†)(123 )
40. $18,000 at 3% for 9 months
= (638)( 1 )
4
I = p•r•t = 1†9.†0
= (18,000)(0.03)( 129 ) She will earn $1†9.†0 in interest every 3 months.
= (†40)(0.7†)
= 40† 46. $1900 at 9 41 % for 6 months
The family will earn $40† in interest. I = p•r•t
41. $46†0 at †% for † months = (1900)(0.092†)(126 )
= (17†.7†)(0.†)
I = p•r•t
= 87.88 (rounded)
= (46†0)(0.0†)( 12† )
= (232.†0)( † ) 12
The amount of the penalty is $87.88 (rounded).
= 96.88 (rounded) 47. (a) $†400 at 2 43 % for 1 21 years

The interest is $96.88. I = p•r•t
total amount due = principal + interest = (†400)(0.027†)(1.†)
= $46†0 + $96.88 = (148.†0)(1.†)
= $4746.88 = 222.7†
The total amount due is $4746.88 (rounded). The interest is $222.7†.

42. $††00 at 4% for 9 months (b) The total amount in the account is
$†400 + $222.7† = $†622.7†.

I = p•r•t
= (††00)(0.04)(129 ) t
a t due = principal + interest
m
= (220)( 3 )4
o
o
= 16† t
u
a
The interest is $16†. n
l
48. (a) $29 .2†
,40
0 at
†1
%
for
31
year
s 4 2
I
=
p
•
r
•
t
=
(
2
9
,
4
0
0
)
(
0
.
0
†
2
†
)
(
3
.
†
)
=
(
1
†
4
3
.
†
)
(
3
.
†
)
=
†
4
0
2
= $††00 + $16† The interest will be $†402.2†.
= $†66† (b) The total amount he must repay is
The total amount due is $†66†. $29,400 + $†402.2† = $34,802.2†.

49. The total cost of the bird cages is (b) $2000 at 2% for 3 years
4 • $980 = $3920. Year Interest Compound Amount

1 ($2000)(0.02)(1) $2000 + $40
The amount borrowed is 70% of $3920. = $40 = $2040
x = (0.70)(3920) 2 ($2040)(0.02)(1) $2040 + $40.80
x = 2744 = $40.80 = $2080.80
3 ($2080.80)(0.02)(1) $2080.80 + $41.62
$2744 at 7 21 % for 2 12 years ≈ $41.62 = $2122.42
I = p•r•t The compound amount is $2122.42 (rounded).
= (2744)(0.07†)(2.†)
2. (a) $1800 at 2% for 3 years
= (20†.80)(2.†)
= †14.†0 100% + 2% = 102% = 1.02

($1800)˛
(1_._0__2_)_(__
1.02)__(_1_._0__2¸
) ≈ $1910.17
The interest is $†14.†0.
3 times
total amount due = principal + interest The compound amount is $1910.17 (rounded).
= $2744 + $†14.†0
= $32†8.†0 (b) $900 at 3% for 2 years
The total amount due is $32†8.†0. 100% + 3% = 103% = 1.03

($900)˛
(1_._0__
3)(1._0__3¸
) = $9†4.81
50. The total cost of the earth movers is 2 times
4 • $48†,000 = $1,940,000. The compound amount is $9†4.81.
The amount borrowed is 80% of $1,940,000. (c) $2†00 at †% for 4 years
x = (0.80)(1,940,000) 100% + †% = 10†% = 1.0†

x = 1,††2,000 ($2†00)˛
(1_._0__†_)_(__1_._0__
†)(1._0__†_)__(_1_._0__†¸
) ≈ $3038.77
4 times
$1,††2,000 at 10 21 % for 2 12 years
The compound amount is $3038.77 (rounded).
I = p•r•t
= (1,††2,000)(0.10†)(2.†) 3. Read from the compound interest table.
= 407,400
(a) $1 at 3% for 6 years: $1.1941 ≈ $1.19
The interest is $407,400. (b) $1 at 2% for 8 years: $1.1717 ≈ $1.17
total amount due = principal + interest (c) $1 at 4 12% for 12 years: $1.69†9 ≈ $1.70
= $1,††2,000 + $407,400
= $1,9†9,400 4. Use the table and multiply to find the compound
amount. Then subtract the original deposit from
The total amount due is $1,9†9,400. the compound amount to find the interest.
6.8 Compound Interest (a) $4000 at 3% for 10 years ▪ table = 1.3439
6.8 Margin Exercises compound amount = ($4000)(1.3439)

= $†37†.60
1. (a) $400 at 4% for 2 years interest = $†37†.60 — $4000
= $137†.60
Year Interest Compound Amount

1 ($400)(0.04)(1) $400 + $16 (b) $12,600 at 3 21 % for 8 years ▪ table = 1.3168
= $16 = $416
2 ($416)(0.04)(1) $416 + $16.64 compound amount = ($12,600)(1.3168)
= $16.64 = $432.64 = $16,†91.68
interest = $16,†91.68 — $12,600
The compound amount is $432.64. = $3991.68

6.8 Compound Interest 281
(c) $32,700 at 4 21 % for 12 years ▪ table = 1.69†9 7. $3†00 at 7% for 4 years

compound amount = ($32,700)(1.69†9) Year Interest Compound Amount
= $††,4††.93 1 ($3†00)(0.07)(1) $3†00 + $24†
interest = $††,4††.93 — $32,700 = $24† = $374†
= $22,7††.93 2 ($374†)(0.07)(1) $374† + $262.1†
= $262.1† = $4007.1†
6.8 Section Exercises 3 ($4007.1†)(0.07)(1) $4007.1† + $280.†0
1. The statement is false. Compound interest will ≈ $280.†0 = $4287.6†
yield more interest than simple interest. 4 ($4287.6†)(0.07)(1) $4287.6† + $300.14
≈ $300.14 = $4†87.79
2. When using compound interest, the amount of
interest earned at the end of a compound interest The compound amount is $4†87.79 (rounded).
period will be added to the amount of the principal 8. $††00 at 6% for 4 years
at the beginning of that period.
3. $†00 at 4% for 2 years
1 ($††00)(0.06)(1) $††00 + $330
Year Interest Compound Amount = $330 = $†830
1 ($†00)(0.04)(1) $†00 + $20 2 ($†830)(0.06)(1) $†830 + $349.80
= $20 = $†20 = $349.80 = $6179.80
2 ($†20)(0.04)(1) $†20 + $20.80 3 ($6179.80)(0.06)(1) $6179.80 + $370.79
= $20.80 = $†40.80 ≈ $370.79 = $6††0.†9
The compound amount is $†40.80. 4 ($6††0.†9)(0.06)(1) $6††0.†9 + $393.04
≈ $393.04 = $6943.63
4. $1†00 at †% for 3 years
The compound amount is $6943.63 (rounded).
1 ($1†00)(0.0†)(1) $1†00 + $7† 9. To find the compound amount for a deposit of
= $7† = $1†7† $2000 at 2% for 3 years, you can multiply
2 ($1†7†)(0.0†)(1) $1†7† + $78.7† ($2000)(1.02)(1.02)(1.02) =
= $78.7† = $16†3.7† $2122.42 (rounded).
3 ($16†3.7†)(0.0†)(1) $16†3.7† + $82.69 10. To find the compound amount for a deposit of
≈ $82.69 = $1736.44 $3000 at †% for 2 years, you can multiply

The compound amount is $1736.44 (rounded). ($3000)(1.0†)(1.0†) = $3307.†0.
5. $1800 at 3% for 3 years 11. $1000 at †% for 2 years
Year Interest Compound Amount 100% + †% = 10†% = 1.0†
1 ($1800)(0.03)(1) $1800 + $†4 ($1000)(1.0†)(1.0†) = $1102.†0
= $†4 = $18†4
The compound amount is $1102.†0.
2 ($18†4)(0.03)(1) $18†4 + $††.62
= $††.62 = $1909.62 12. $†00 at 4% for 3 years
3 ($1909.62)(0.03)(1) $1909.62 + $†7.29 100% + 4% = 104% = 1.04

≈ $†7.29 = $1966.91 ($†00)(1.04)(1.04)(1.04) ≈ $†62.43
The compound amount is $1966.91 (rounded). The compound amount is $†62.43 (rounded).
6. $2000 at 2% for 3 years 13. $1400 at 6% for † years
Year Interest Compound Amount 100% + 6% = 106% = 1.06
1 ($2000)(0.02)(1) $2000 + $40 ($1400)(1.06)(1.06)(1.06)(1.06)(1.06) ≈ $1873.†2
= $40 = $2040
The compound amount is $1873.†2 (rounded).
2 ($2040)(0.02)(1) $2040 + $40.80
= $40.80 = $2080.80 14. $2†00 at 3% for 4 years
3 ($2080.80)(0.02)(1) $2080.80 + $41.62 100% + 3% = 103% = 1.03
≈ $41.62 = $2122.42 ($2†00)(1.03)(1.03)(1.03)(1.03) ≈ $2813.77

The compound amount is $2122.42 (rounded). The compound amount is $2813.77 (rounded).

15. $1180 at 7% for 8 years 25. $8000 at 2% for 10 years

100% + 7% = 107% = 1.07 2% column, row 10 of the table gives 1.2190.
($1180)(1.07)(1.07)(1.07)(1.07)
compound amount = ($8000)(1.2190)
(1.07)(1.07)(1.07)(1.07) ≈ $2027.46
= $97†2.00
The compound amount is $2027.46 (rounded). interest = $97†2.00 — $8000
16. $12,800 at 6% for 7 years = $17†2.00
100% + 6% = 106% = 1.06 26. $7800 at †% for 8 years

($12,800)(1.06)(1.06)(1.06)(1.06) †% column, row 8 of the table gives 1.477†.
(1.06)(1.06)(1.06) ≈ $19,246.47
compound amount = ($7800)(1.477†)
The compound amount is $19,246.47 (rounded).
= $11,†24.†0
17. $10,940 at 4% for 6 years interest = $11,†24.†0 — $7800
100% + 4% = 104% = 1.04 = $3724.†0
($10,940)(1.04)(1.04)(1.04)(1.04)(1.04)(1.04) 27. $8428.17 at 4 1 % for 6 years
2
≈ $13,842.†9
4.†0% column, row 6 of the table gives 1.3023.
The compound amount is $13,842.†9 (rounded).
compound amount = ($8428.17)(1.3023)
18. $1†,710 at 2% for 8 years ≈ $10,976.01
100% + 2% = 102% = 1.02 interest = $10,976.01 — $8428.17
($1†,710)(1.02)(1.02)(1.02)(1.02) = $2†47.84 (rounded)
(1.02)(1.02)(1.02)(1.02) ≈ $18,406.77 $10,472.88 at † 1 % for 12 years
28. 2
The compound amount is $18,406.77 (rounded).
†.†0% column, row 12 of the table gives 1.9012.
19. $1 at 3% for 6 years
compound amount = ($10,472.88)(1.9012)
3% column, row 6 of the table gives 1.1941. ≈ $19,911.04
20. $1 at 4.†0% for 10 years interest = $19,911.04 — $10,472.88
= $9438.16 (rounded)
4.†% column, row 10 of the table gives 1.††30.
29. Compound interest is interest paid on past interest
21. $1 at 2% for 8 years
as well as on the principal. Many people describe
2% column, row 8 of the table gives 1.1717. compound interest as "interest on interest."
22. $1 at †.†0% for 3 years 30. Compound amount is the total amount, original
†.†% column, row 3 of the table gives 1.1742. deposit plus interest on deposit, at the end of the
compound interest period. The interest is found by
23. $1000 at 4% for † years subtracting the original deposit from the compound
amount.
4% column, row † of the table gives 1.2167.
compound amount = ($1000)(1.2167) 31. $†0,000 at 4% compounded annually for † years
= $1216.70 4% column, row † of the table gives 1.2167.
interest = compound amount — original deposit compound amount = ($†0,000)(1.2167)
interest = $1216.70 — $1000 = $60,83†.00
= $216.70 He will have $60,83†.00 at the end of † years.
24. $10,000 at 3% for 4 years $32,800 at 3 1 % compounded annually for 4 years
32. 2
3% column, row 4 of the table gives 1.12††. 3 % column, row 4 of the table gives 1.147†.
1
2
compound amount = ($10,000)(1.12††)
= $11,2†† compound amount = ($32,800)(1.147†)
interest = $11,2†† — $10,000 = $37,638.00
= $12†† She must repay $37,638.

33. (a) $76,000 at 6% compounded annually for 9 37. The formula for simple interest is
years
Interest = principal • rate • time
6% column, row 9 from the table is 1.689†. or I = p • r • t.
compound amount = ($76,000)(1.689†)

38. The formula for the total amount due is
= $128,402
Total amount due = principal + interest.
The total amount that should be repaid is
$128,402. 39. Compound interest is interest calculated on
(b) The amount of interest earned is principal plus past interest.
$128,402 — $76,000 = $†2,402 40. Compound amount is the original
34. (a) $28,†00 at 4% compounded annually for 10 principal + compound interest.
years
4% column, row 10 from the table is 1.4802. 41. (a) $43†0 at 6% simple interest for 6 years:
compound amount = ($28,†00)(1.4802) ($43†0)(0.06)(6) = $1†66
= $42,18†.70 $43†0 at 6% compounded annually for 6 years

The total amount that they will have at the end of (use the table):
10 years is $42,18†.70.
($43†0)(1.418†) ≈ $6170.48
(b) The amount of interest earned is
$6170.48 — $43†0 = $1820.48
$42,18†.70 — $28,†00 = $13,68†.70.
The difference in the amount of interest is
35. (a) $30,000 at 6% compounded annually for 2 $1820.48 — $1†66 = $2†4.48.
years
(b) $43†0 at 6% simple interest for 12 years:
6% column, row 2 from the table is 1.1236.
compound amount = ($30,000)(1.1236) ($43†0)(0.06)(12) = $3132
= $33,708 $43†0 at 6% compounded annually for 12 years

After 2 years she will have $33,708. After the (use the table):
$40,000 deposit, she will have $73,708. ($43†0)(2.0122) = $87†3.07
6% column, row 3 from the table is 1.1910.
$87†3.07 — $43†0 = $4403.07
compound amount = ($73,708)(1.1910)
The difference is $4403.07 — $3132 = $1271.07.
≈ $87,786.23
The total amount will be $87,786.23 (rounded). No, it has more than doubled. It is about five times
as much ($1271.07 ÷ $2†4.48 ≈ †).
$87,786.23 — $30,000 — $40,000 = $17,786.23. (c) Examples will vary.
36. (a) $2†,000 at 4% compounded annually for 3 42. (a) $10,000 at †% simple interest for 10 years:
years 4% column, row 2 from the table is 1.0816.

4% column, row 3 from the table is 1.1249. compound amount =
compound amount = ($2†,000)(1.1249) ($†3,122.†0)(1.0816)
= $28,122.†0 ≈ $†7,4†7.30
After 3 years she will have $28,122.†0. After the After † years she will have $†7,4†7.30
second $2†,000 deposit, she will have $†3,122.†0. (rounded).
(b) The amount of interest earned is ($10,000)(0.0†)(10) = $†000
$†7,4†7.30 — $2†,000 — $2†,000 = $7,4†7.30. $10,000 + $†000 = $1†,000
$9†00 at †% compounded annually for 10 years
(use the table):
($9†00)(1.6289) = $1†,474.††
The compound interest account has the higher
balance. It has $1†,474.†† — $1†,000 = $474.††
more.
(b) Greater amounts of interest are earned with
compound interest than with simple interest
because interest is earned on both principal and
past interest.

1 p
Chapter 6 Review Exercises 16. =
200 100
1. 3†% = 0.3† 200 • p = 1 • 100
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point 200 • p = 100
2 places to the left. 200 200
2. 1†0% = 1.† p = 0.†

1
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point Thus, 200
= 0.†%.
2 places to the left.
1 1
3. 99.44% = 0.9944 17. 0. 1 2 † = 0.12†
8 8
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point 8 1. 0 0 0
2 places to the left. 8
4. 0.08†% = 0.0008† 20
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point 16
2 places to the left. 40
40
5. 3.1† = 31†% 0
Move the decimal point 2 places to the right and
attach a percent sign. 18. From Exercise 17, 0.12† = 12.†%.
0.02 = 2% 2† 2† ÷ 2† 1
6. 19. 0.2† = = =
Move the decimal point 2 places to the right and 100 100 ÷ 2† 4
20. 0.2† = 2†%
7. 0.87† = 87.†% 180 180 ÷ 20 9 4
Move the decimal point 2 places to the right and 21. 180% = = = =1
100 100 ÷ 20 † †
22. 180% = 1.80 = 1.8
8. 0.002 = 0.2%
Move the decimal point 2 places to the right and 23. part = 2†, percent = 10
attach a percent sign. 2† 10 2† 1
1† 1† ÷ † 3 = OR =
9. 1†% = = = x 100 x 10
100 100 ÷ † 20 x • 1 = 2† • 10
37.† 37.† • 10 37† ÷ 12† 3 x = 2†0
10. 37.†% = = = =
100 100 • 10 1000 ÷ 12† 8 The whole is 2†0.

17† 17† ÷ 2† 7 3
11. 17†% = = = =1 24. whole = 480, percent = †
100 100 ÷ 2† 4 4
0.2† (0.2†)(4) 1 x † x 1
12. 0.2†% = = = = OR =
100 (100)(4) 400 480 100 480 20
3 p x • 20 = 480 • 1
13. = x • 20 480
4 100 =
4 • p = 3 • 100 20 20
x = 24
4 • p = 300
4 4 The part is 24.

p = 7† 25. 3†% of 820 mailboxes is 287 mailboxes.
Thus, 3 = 7†%.
4
Part → 287 = 3† ← Percent
† p
14. = Whole → 820 100 ← Always 100
8 100
8 • p = † • 100 26. 73 DVDs is what percent of 90 DVDs?
8•p †00
= Part → 73 = unknown ← Percent
8 8 Whole → 90 100 ← Always 100
p = 62.†
† 27. Find 14% of 160 mountain bikes.

Thus, 8
= 62.†% or 62 12 %.
Part → unknown 14 ← Percent
15. 3 14 = 3 2† = 3.2† = 32†% =

100 Whole → 160 100 ← Always 100

Chapter 6 Review Exercises 285
28. 418 curtains is 16% of what number of curtains? 37. part is 677.6; percent is 140; whole is unknown.
Part → 418 16 ← Percent 677.6 = 140 677.6 = 7

= OR
Whole → unknown 100 ← Always 100 x 100 x †
29. A golfer lost 3 of his 8 golf balls. x • 7 = 677.6 • †

x•7 3388
What percent were lost? =
7 7
Part → 3 = unknown ← Percent
Whole x = 484
→ 8 100 ← Always 100

677.6 miles is 140% of 484 miles.
30. What number is 88% of 1280 keys?
38. part is 42†; percent is 2.†; whole is unknown.
Part → unknown = 88 ← Percent
Whole → 1280 42† 2.†
100 ← Always 100 =
x 100
31. whole is 9†0; percent is 18; part is unknown. (2.†)(x) = 42† • 100
part = (0.18)(9†0) = 171 (2.†)(x) 42,†00
18% of 9†0 programs is 171 programs. =
2.† 2.†
32. whole is 14†0; percent is 60; part is unknown. x = 17,000
x 60 x 3 2.†% of 17,000 cases is 42† cases.

= OR =
14†0 100 14†0 †

† • x = 14†0 • 3 39. part is 649; whole is 1180; percent is unknown.
†•x 43†0 649 x

= =
† † 1180 100
x = 870 1180 • x = 649 • 100
1180 • x
60% of 14†0 reference books is 870 reference = 64,900
1180 1180
books.
x = ††
33. whole is †200; percent is 0.6; part is unknown.
649 tulip bulbs is ††% of 1180 tulip bulbs.
part = (0.006)(†200) = 31.2
0.6% of †200 acres is 31.2 acres. 40. part is 8†; whole is 1620; percent is unknown.
34. whole is 1400; percent is 0.2; part is unknown. 8† x 17 x
= OR =
x 0.2 1620 100 324 100
= 324 • x = 17 • 100
1400 100 324 • x 1700
100 • x = (0.2)(1400) =
100 • x = 280 324 324
x ≈ †.2
100 100
x = 2.8 8† dinner rolls is †.2% (rounded) of 1620 dinner

0.2% of 1400 kilograms is 2.8 kilograms. rolls.
35. part is 10†; percent is 14; whole is unknown. 41. part is 36; whole is 380; percent is unknown.
10† 14 10† 7 36 x 9 x
= OR = = OR =

x 100 x †0 380 100 9† 100
x • 7 = 10† • †0 9† • x = 9 • 100
9† • x 900
x • 7 = †2†0 =
7 7 9† 9†
x = 7†0 x ≈ 9.†
10† crates is 14% of 7†0 crates. 36 pairs is 9.†% (rounded) of 380 pairs.
36. part is 348; percent is 1†; whole is unknown. 42. part is 200; whole is 6†0; percent is unknown.
348 1† 348 3 200 x 4 x

= OR = = OR =
x 100 x 20 6†0 100 13 100

x • 3 = 348 • 20 13 • x = 4 • 100
x•3 6960 13 • x 400
= =
3 3 13 13
x = 2320 x ≈ 30.8
348 test tubes is 1†% of 2320 test tubes. 200 cans is 30.8% (rounded) of 6†0 cans.

43. Add 2†.4% of 63 to 63. part is unknown; whole is 51. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item
63; percent is 2†.4 = (†%)($630)
x 2†.4 = (0.0†)($630)
=
63 100 = $31.†0
100 • x = 2†.4 • 63 The sales tax is $31.†0 and the total cost is
100 • x 1600.2
= $630 + $31.†0 = $661.†0.
100 100
x = 16.002 ≈ 16 52. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item
$†8.†0 = r • $780
The number of shark attacks on humans this year †8.†0 r • 780
was 63 + 16 = 79 (rounded). =
780 780
44. part = 896; whole = 3200; percent is unknown. 0.07† = r
896 0.07† is 7 12 %
= 0.28 (use a calculator)
3200 The tax rate is 7 12 % and the total cost is
28% of the shoppers are seniors. $780 + $†8.†0 = $838.†0.
45. part = percent • whole 53. commission = rate of commission • sales

x = (0.32)(4†4) 32% = 0.32 = (8%)($34†0)
x = 14†.28 = (0.08)($34†0)
32% of $4†4 is $14†.28. = $276
46. part = percent • whole The amount of the commission is $276.
x = (1.††)(120) 1††% = 1.†† commission = rate of commission • sales
54.
x = 186
$326† = r • $6†,300
1††% of 120 trucks is 186 trucks. 326† = r • 6†,300
47. part = percent • whole 6†,300 6†,300

0.128 = x • 32 0.0† = r
0.128 x • 32 0.0† is †%
=
32 32 The rate of commission is †%.
0.004 = x
0.004 is 0.4%. 0.128 ounces is 0.4% of
= (30%)($112.†0)
32 ounces.
= (0.30)($112.†0)
48. part = percent • whole = $33.7†
304.† = x • 174
304.† x • 174 The amount of discount is $33.7† and the sale
= price is
174 174
1.7† = x $112.†0 — $33.7† = $78.7†.

1.7† is 17†%. 304.† meters is 17†% of 56. discount = rate of discount • original price
174 meters. $63 = r • $2†2
49. part = percent • whole 63 r • 2†2

=
33.6 = (0.28)(x) 2†2 2†2
33.6 (0.28)(x) 0.2† = r
=
0.28 0.28 0.2† is 2†%
120 = x The rate of discount is 2†% and the sale price is
33.6 miles is 28% of 120 miles. 92 = (0.16)(x)

92 (0.16)(x)
$2†2 — $63 = 57. $200 at 4% for 1 year
$189.
I = p•r•t
= = (200)(0.04)(1)
0.16 0.16
†7† = x =8
$92 is 16% of $†7†. The interest is $8.

58. $1080 at †% for 1 14 years 65. $3600 at 4 21 % for 3 years

I = p•r•t 4 21 % column, row 3 of the table gives 1.1412.
= (1080)(0.0†)(1.2†) 1 41 = 1.2† compound amount = ($3600)(1.1412)
= (†4)(1.2†) = $4108.32
= 67.† interest = $4108.32 — $3600
The interest is $67.†0. = $†08.32
59. $400 at 3 21 % for 3 months 66. $12,†00 at † 21 % for † years
I = p•r•t † 21 % column, row † of the table gives 1.3070.

= (400)(0.03†) ( 12
3 )
compound amount = ($12,†00)(1.3070)
= (14) ( 3 )12
= $16,337.†0
= 3.† interest = $16,337.†0 — $12,†00
= $3837.†0
The interest is $3.†0.
67. [6.3] whole = 80, percent = 1†
60. $1†60 at 6 21 % for 18 months
part percent
I = p•r•t =
whole 100
= (1†60)(0.06†) ( 18 ) x 1† x 3
12
= OR =
= (101.4) ( 12
18 ) 80 100 80 20
x • 20 = 80 • 3
= 1†2.1 x • 20
= 240
The interest is $1†2.10. 20 20
x = 12
61. $7†0 at † 21 % for 2 years
The part is 12.
I = p•r•t
= (7†0)(0.0††)(2) 68. [6.3] part = 738, percent = 4†
= 82.† part percent
=
The total amount due is whole 100
$7†0 + $82.†0 = $832.†0. 738 4† 738 9

= OR =
x 100 x 20
62. $1†60 at 3% for 9 months x • 9 = 738 • 20
I = p•r•t x•9 14,760
=
= (1†60)(0.03) ( 12
9 ) 9 9
x = 1640
= (46.8) ( 129 ) The whole is 1640.
= 3†.10
The total amount due is 69. [6.5] 12% of 194 meters
$1†60 + $3†.10 = $1†9†.10. part = percent • whole
63. $4000 at 3% for 10 years x = (0.12)(194)
x = 23.28
3% column, row 10 of the table gives 1.3439.
12% of 194 meters is 23.28 meters.

= $†37†.60 70. [6.3] part is 327; whole is 218; percent is
interest = $†37†.60 — $4000 unknown.
= $137†.60 327 x
=
64. $1870 at 4% for 4 years 218 100
218 • x = 327 • 100
218 • x
4% column, row 4 of the table gives 1.1699. = 32,700
218 218
x = 1†0
≈ $2187.71
interest = $2187.71 — $1870 The percent is 1†0, written as 1†0%.
= $317.71 (rounded) 327 cars is 1†0% of 218 cars.

71. [6.5] 0.6% of $8† 81. [6.1] 0.37†% = 0.0037†

x = (0.006)(8†)
x = 0.†1 82. [6.1] 0.0006 = 0.06%

0.6% of $8† is $0.†1.
72. [6.4] part is 99; percent is †; whole is unknown.
3 3 • 2† 7†
99 † 99 1 83. [6.2] = = = 0.7† = 7†%
= OR = 4 4 • 2† 100
x 100 x 20
x • 1 = 99 • 20 42 42 ÷ 2 21
84. [6.2] 42% = = =
x = 1980 100 100 ÷ 2 †0

99 employees is †% of 1980 employees. 85. [6.2]
73. [6.4] part is 76; whole is 190; percent is unknown. 87.† • 10 87† 87† ÷ 12† 7
87.†% = = = =
76 x 38 x 100 • 10 1000 1000 ÷ 12† 8
= OR = 3 p
190 100 9†9† 100 86. [6.2] =
• x = 38 • 100 8 100
9† • x 3800
= 8 • p = 3 • 100
9† 9† 8 • p = 300
x = 40 8 • p = 300
The percent is 40, written as 40%. 8 8

1
76 chickens is 40% of 190 chickens. p = 37.† or 37
2
[6.4] part is 214.484; percent is 43; whole is 3 1
74. = 37.†% or 37 %
unknown. 8 2
214.484 43
= 87. [6.2]
x 100
1 32.† • 10 32† 32† ÷ 2† 13
x • 43 = (214.484)(100) 32 % = = = =
x • 43 2 100 • 10 1000 1000 ÷ 2† 40
= 21,448.4
3 p
43 43 88. [6.2] =
x = 498.8 † 100
214.484 liters is 43% of 498.8 liters. † • p = 3 • 100
† • p = 300
75. [6.1] ††% = 0.†† †•p 300
=
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point † †
two places to the left. p = 60
76. [6.1] 300% = 3 Thus, 3

= 60%.
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point two places to the left.
77. [6.1] † = †00% †
0.2† • 100
89. [6.2] 0.2†% =
100 • 100
2† 2† ÷ 2† 1
Attach two zeros so the decimal point can be = = =
moved two places to the right. Attach a percent 10,000 10,000 ÷ 2† 400
sign. 3 3 • 2† 7†
90. [6.2] 3 = 3 =3 = 3.7† = 37†%
78. [6.1] 4.71 = 471% 4 4 • 2† 100
Move the decimal point two places to the right and 91. [6.7] $20,†00 at 6 1 % for 30 months
2
79. [6.1] 8.6% = 0.086 I = p•r•t
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point = (20,†00)(621 %)( 12
30 )
two places to the left. 30

= (20,†00)(0.06†)(2.†) = 2.†
80. [6.1] 0.621 = 62.1% 12
= 3331.2†
attach a percent sign. The interest earned is $3331.2†.

92. [6.7] $14,7†0 at 8% for 18 months 96. [6.6] increase = †107 — 4320 = 787
Use the percent proportion.
I = p•r•t
787 x
= (14,7†0)(8%)( 18
12
) =
= (14,7†0)(0.08)(1.†) 4320 100
= 1770 4320 • x = 787 • 100
4320 • x
= 78,700
The interest is $1770 and the total amount due is 4320 4320
$14,7†0 + $1770 = $16,†20. x ≈ 18.2
93. [6.4] (a) part is 96†; whole is 100†; The increase is 18.2% (rounded).
percent is unknown.
96† x 97. [6.6] amount of discount
= = rate of discount • original price
100† 100
100† • x = (96†)(100) = (18%)($9†8)
100† • x 96,†00 = (0.18)($9†8)

= = $172.44
100† 100†
x ≈ 96.0
The price is $9†8 — $172.44 = $78†.†6.
The percent of adults who have a smoke alarm in
their home is 96.0% (rounded). sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item
= (8%)($78†.†6)
(b) part is 461; whole is 100†; = (0.08)($78†.†6)
percent is unknown. = $62.84 (rounded)
461 x
= The cost of the washer/dryer set is
100† 100
100† • x = (461)(100) $78†.†6 + $62.84 = $848.40.
100† • x
= 46,100
100† 100† 98. [6.3] part = 88; percent = 8; whole is unknown
x ≈ 4†.9
88 8
The percent of adults who have a carbon monoxide =
x 100
detector in their home is 4†.9% (rounded).
8 • x = 88 • 100
[6.8] (a) $148,000 at †% compounded annually 8•x 8800
94. =
for 4 years 8 8
100% + †% = 10†% = 1.0† x = 1100
($148,000)(1.0†)(1.0†)(1.0†)(1.0†) ≈ There were 1100 boaters (rounded) in the survey.

$179,894.93
The compound amount is $179,894.93. 99. [6.5] 2†% + 20% + 7% + †% + 10% + 12%
(b) The amount of interest is $12†,000 + $290,000 = $41†,000
$179,894.93 — $148,000 = $31,894.93. amount of commission

= rate of commission • amount of sales
95. [6.6] Add the two sales.
2
= (1 1 %) ($41†,000)

= (0.01†)($41†,000) + 4% = 83% and 100% — 83% = 17%, so the
= $622† couple saves 17% of their earnings.
The commission that he earned was $622†. Jack's yearly income is
$28†0 • 12 = $34,200.
Their total yearly income is
$34,200 + $42,300 = $76,†00.
The amount saved is
17% of $76,†00 = (0.17)($76,†00)

= $13,00†.

100. [6.6] decrease = 42.8 — 28.† = 14.3 13. part is 680; whole is 3400; percent is unknown.
Use the percent proportion. Use the percent proportion.
14.3 x 680 x 1 x
= = OR =
42.8 100 3400 100 † 100
42.8 • x = (14.3)(100) † • x = 1 • 100
42.8 • x 1430 †•x 100
= =
42.8 42.8 † †
x ≈ 33.4 x = 20
The percent of decrease is 33.4% (rounded). $680 is 20% of $3400.
Chapter 6 Test 14. part is 100,000; percent is 0.08; whole is unknown.

1. 6†% = 0.6† 100,000 0.08
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point =
two places to the left. x 100
x • 0.08 = 100,000 • 100
2. 0.8 = 80% x • 0.08 10,000,000
=
0 is attached so the decimal point can be moved 0.08 0.08
two places to the right. Attach a percent sign. x = 12†,000,000

3. 1.7† = 17†% The total number of households is 12†,000,000.
15. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item
= (6 12 %)($3240)
4. 0.87† = 87.†% or 87 12 %
= (0.06†)($3240)
= $210.60
The total cost is
5. 300% = 3.00 or 3
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point $3240 + $210.60 = $34†0.60.
two places to the left. 16. commission = rate of commission • sales
6. 2% = 0.02 $628 = r • $78†0
Drop the percent sign, attach two zeros on the left, 628 r • 78†0
=
and move the decimal point two places to the left. 78†0 78†0
12.† • 10 12† 12† ÷ 12† 1 0.08 = r
7. 12.†% = = = =
100 • 10 1000 1000 ÷ 12† 8 0.08 is 8%. The rate of commission paid is 8%.
0.2† (0.2†)(4) 1
8. 0.2†% = = = 17. decrease = †760 — 4320 = 1440
100 (100)(4) 400 1440 x 1 x

3 3 • 20 60 = OR =
9. = = = 60% †760 100 4 100
† † • 20 100 4 • x = 1 • 100
† p 4•x 100
10. = =
8 100 4 4
8 • p = † • 100 x = 2†
8 • p = †00 The percent decrease is 2†%.
8 8 †
p =8 62.† 2
Thus, = 62.†% or 62 1 %.

18.A possible answer is: art is the increase in salary.
P Whole is the last year's salary.
1 1 • †0 †0
11. 2 =2 =2 = 2.†0 = 2†0% Percent of increase is unknown.
2 2 • †0 100 amount of increase p
part is 32; percent is 4; whole is unknown =

12. last year's salary 100
19. The interest formula is I = p • r • t.
32 4 32 1
= OR = If time is in months, it is expressed as a fraction
x 100 x 2† with 12 as the denominator. If time is expressed in
x • 1 = 32 • 2†
years, it is placed over 1 or shown as a decimal
x = 800 number. Problems will vary. Some possibilities
32 sacks is 4% of 800 sacks. are:

Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1–6) 291
I= p • r • t Cumulative Review Exercises

I = ($1000)(0.0†)( 12
9)
= $37.†0 (Chapters 1–6)
I = ($1000)(0.0†)(2.†) = $12†
1. Estimate: Exact:
20. amount of discount
= rate of discount • original price 80,000 7†,078

= (12%)($96) — †0,000 — 46,090
= (0.12)($96) 30,000 28,988
= $11.†2
2. Estimate: Exact:
The amount of discount is $11.†2. The sale price
is $96 — $11.†2 = $84.48. 8 7.8000
amount of discount = (32.†%)($280) —4 — 3.†029
21.
= (0.32†)($280) 4 4.2971
= $91 3. Estimate: Exact:
The amount of discount is $91. The sale price is
7000 6†38
$280 — $91 = $189.
× 700 × 708
22. $4200 at 6% for 1 12 years 4,900,000 †2 304
I = p•r•t 4 †76 60
= (4200)(0.06)(1.†) 4,628,904
= 378
4. Estimate: Exact:
The interest on the loan is $378.
23. $6400 at 9% for 4 months 70 6†.3 ← 1 decimal place
I = p•r•t ×9 × 8.7 ← 1 decimal place
= (6400)(0.09)(124 ) 630 4† 71
†22 4
= (†76)( 13 ) †68.11 ← 2 decimal places
= 192 5. Estimate: Exact:
The interest on the loan is $192.
902
24. $19,200 at 7% for 1† months 43 3 8, 7 8 6
I = p•r•t 38 7
1† † 8
= (19,200)(0.07)( 1†
12
) = = 1.2† 0
12 4
= (1344)(1.2†) 86
= 1680 86
Rounded to the nearest dollar, the total

The interest is $1680 and the total amount due is
amountafter four years is $10,668.
$19,200 + $1680 = $20,880.
25. (a) $4000 at 6% for 2 years
($4000)(1.1236) = $4494.40
$9494.40 ($†000 + $4494.40) at 6% for 2 years
($9494.40)(1.1236) ≈ $10,667.91
0 3 2
40
6. Estimate: Exact: 40
0
7 8. 4 †
17 0.8^ 6. 7^ 6 0 7. 62 — 3(6)
6 4
3 6
= 36 — 3(6) Exponent
= 36 — 18 Multiply.
$10,668 — $4000 — $†000 = $1668. = 18 Subtract.

8. { 49 + † • 4 — 8 18. Add the hours together.
=7 + †•4—8 1 2
Square root † = †
= 7 + 20 — 8 Multiply. 2 4
1 1
= 27 — 8 Add. 6 = 6
4 4
= 19 Subtract. 3 3
3 = 3
9. 9 + 6 ÷ 3 + 7(4) 4 4
= 9 + 2 + 7(4) Divide. +7 = 7
= 9 + 2 + 28 6 4 2 1
Multiply. 21 = 21 + + = 22
= 11 + 28 = 39 Add. 4 4 4 2
Altogether, she studied 22 1 hours.
10. 7,†83,281 rounded to the nearest hundred 2
† 2
thousand: 7,†83,281 19.
8 3
Next digit is † or more. Hundred thousands place † 1† 2 16
changes († + 1 = 6). All digits to the right of the = =

8 24 and 3 24
underlined place change to 0. F,600,000 1† 16 † 2
c , so c .
11. $†13.499 rounded to the nearest dollar: 24 24 8 3
Draw a cut-off line: $†13|.499 8 11
20.
First digit cut is less than † so the part you keep 1† 20
8 32 11 33
stays the same. $ 13 = and =
1† 60 20 60
12. $362.73† rounded to the nearest cent: 32 33 8 11
Draw a cut-off line: $362.73|† c , so c .
60 60 1† 20
First digit cut is † or more, so the cents place 2 7
changes (3 + 1 = 4). $362.F4 21.
3 12
3 6 2 8
13. † = † =
+7 4 8 3 12
† = †
78 8 > 12
12 7 , so 2
3 7.
12
8 >
11 2 7 1 2 7 4
12 — = —
3( 8 2 ) 3( 8 8 )
22.
8
11 8 3 3 1 1
12 = 12 + + = 13 /2 /3
8 8 8 8 = •
3 3 11 /3 8/
14. 8 = 8 = 7 1 4
8 8 8 1
1 4 4 =
—4 = 4 = 4 4
2 8 8 7 3 1 7 6 1
7 23. ÷( + )= ÷( + )
3 8 4 8 8 8 8
8 7 7
15. 4 36 4 36 • 4 144 4 = 8÷8
36 • = • = = = 28
† 1 † 1•† † † 1 1
4
7/ /8
= •
3 12 3 /
12 4 16 1
16. 12 ÷ = ÷ = • = = 16
4 1 4 1 /3 1
/8 7/ =1
1 1
17. Area (cell) = length • width † 1 2 2
†
24. ( — ) — ( ) •
= († ft) • (9 ft) = 4† ft2 6 12 2 3
= ( 10 — † ) — ( 1 ) • 2
2
Area (cage) = length • width
1 † 13 6† 12 12 2 3
= († ft) • (6 ft) = • = ft2 2
2 1 2 2 † 1 2
= —( ) •
Subtract the areas. 12 2 3
4† — 6† = 902 — 6†2 = 2†2 = 12 12 † 1 2

2 = — •
There are 12 more square feet in the floor of the
1 12 4 3
2 † 2 3 1
prison cell than in the shark cage. = — = =
12 12 12 4

3 33. 3% = 0.03
25. = 0.7† 0. 7 †
4 4 3. 0 0
Drop the percent sign, attach one zero on the left,
and move the decimal point two places to the left.
2 8
20 34. 200% = 2.00 or 2
20 Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
0 two places to the left.
3 35. 0.87 = 87%
26. = 0.37† 0. 3 7 †
8 8 3. 0 0 0
2 4
60 36. 3.8 = 380%
†6 0 is attached so the decimal point can be moved
40 two places to the right. Attach a percent sign.
40 8 8÷4 2
0 37. 8% = 0.08 = = =
100 100 ÷ 4 2†
7
27. = 0.†83 (rounded) 0. † 8 3 3 62† 62† ÷ 12† †
12 38. 62.†% = 0.62† = = =
12 7. 0 0 0 0 1000 1000 ÷ 12† 8
6 0 7† 7† ÷ 2† 3
39. 17†% = 1.7† = 1 =1 =1
1 00 100 100 ÷ 2† 4
96
7 x
40 40. =
36 8 100
8 • x = 7 • 100
40 8•x 700
36 = 8
8
4 x = 87.†
11
28. = 0.†† 0. † † Thus, 7
= 87.†% or 87 12 %.
20 8
20 1 1. 0 0 1 1•2 2
10 0 41. 4 =4 =4 = 4.2 = 420%
† †•2 10
1 00
1 00 42. 6†% of 3280 DVDs

0 part = (0.6†)(3280)
1 x
29. = x = 2132 DVDs
† 30
† • x = 1 • 30 Cross products 43. part is 76.†; percent is 4 12 ; whole is unknown
†•x 30
= 76.† 41
2
† † =
x= 6 x 100
(4.†)(x) = 76.† • 100
30. 224 = 28 OR 7 = 28 (4.†)(x) 76†0
32 x 1 x =
4.† 4.†
7 • x = 1 • 28 x = 1700
x= 4
8 72 8 1 4 21 % of 1700 miles is 76.† miles.
31. = OR =
x 144 x 2 44. part is 2†2; whole is 180; percent is unknown

8 •2= x• 1
2†2 x 7 x
16 = x = OR =
x 7.† 180 100 † 100
32. = † • x = 7 • 100
120 30 †•x
30 • x = 120(7.†) = 700
30 • x † †
= 900 x = 140
30 30
x = 30 2†2 hours is 140% of 180 hours.

45. sales tax = rate of tax • cost of item 51. The increase in sales is
$29.90 = r • $460 36,000 — 32,000 = 4000.
29.90 r • 460
= Use the percent proportion.
460 460 increase x

0.06† = r =
original 100
0.06† is 6.†% or 6 %. The tax rate was 6.†% or
1
4000 x 1 x
2 = OR =
1
6 2 %. 32,000 100 8 100
8 • x = 1 • 100
commission = rate of commission • sales 8•x
= 100
46.
= (14%)($837) 8 8
= (0.14)($837) x = 12.†
= $117.18 The percent of increase in sales in the northeastern
region is 12.†%.
The amount of her tips is $117.18.
52. The increase in sales is
47. discount = rate of discount • original price 66,300 — 6†,000 = 1300.
= (4†%)($4†6) increase x
= (0.4†)($4†6) =
original 100
= $20†.20 1300 x 1 x
= OR =
The amount of discount is $20†.20 and the sale 6†,000 100 †0 100
price is $4†6 — $20†.20 = $2†0.80. †0 • x = 1 • 100
†0 • x
= 100
48. $46,300 at 3% for 9 months †0 †0
x= 2
I = p•r•t
The percent of increase in sales in the midwestern
= (46,300)(3%)( 129 ) region is 2%.
= (46,300)(0.03)(0.7†)
53. The decrease in sales is
= 1041.7†
82,000 — 77,†00 = 4†00.
The total amount to be repaid is decrease x
=
original 100
$46,300 + $1041.7† = $47,341.7†. 4†00 x 9 x

= OR =
49. Set up a proportion. 82,000 100 164 100
164 • x = 9 • 100
9 children tested x
= 164 • x = 900
4 hours 20 hours 164 164
4 • x = 9 • 20 x ≈ †.†
†
4•x 9 •/20 The percent of decrease in sales in the southern

=
4 4/ region is †.†% (rounded).
1 54. The decrease in sales is
x = 4†
†4,000 — 49,600 = 4400.
4† children can be tested in 20 hours. t up a proportion.
50. Se
decreaseoriginal x
=
100
4400 x 11 x
12.† ounces = OR =
x †4,000 100 13† 100
=
† gallons 102 gallons 13† • x = 11 • 100
† • x = (12.†)(102) 13† • x 1100
†•x 127† 13† = 13†
=
† † x ≈ 8.1
x = 2†† The percent of decrease in sales in the western
region is 8.1% (rounded).
2†† ounces of Roundup is needed.

Basic College Mathematics 9th Edition Lial Solutions Manual Download

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Basic College Mathematics 9th Edition Lial Solutions Manual Download

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

6.

1 Basics of Percent 239

Solution Manual for Basic College Mathematics 9th Edition

CHAPTER 6 PERCENT (f) †.34 = †34%

(d) 0.9% = 0.009 (c) 10% is 1

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. 12% = 12.% = 0.12 17. 0.3†% = 0.003†

21. 0.6 = 60%

two places to the left.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

So, †0% of $2320 is 1

The amount of the loan is $1160. is $†.

63. 1% is found by moving the decimal point two pet owners.

(b) Pumpkin was selected by 9.2% or 0.092 of the

100% is all of the number.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

100 100 — 32 = 68 squares of the one hundred squares

10 = 0.7 = 70% 1. (a) %

100 37.† 37.†(10) 37† ÷ 12† 3

100 4.† 4.†(10) 4† ÷ † 9

shaded. 2 66 2 200 200 100

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

4 • p = 1 • 100 (c) 0.6 ≈ 0.667 as a fraction

8 • p = †00 6.2 Section Exercises

6 100 100 100 ÷ 10 10

6 • p = 1 • 100 Thus, 30% = 3

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

100 100(10) 1000 ÷ 12† 8 100 100

100 100(10) 1000 ÷ 12† 8 =

100 100(100) 10,000 ÷ 62† 16 Thus, 1

10,000 ÷ 62† 16 † • p = 400

100 100(10) 1000 ÷ 8 12† 4 • p = 300

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

p = †0 8•p †00 12†

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

denominator of 100. We'll multiply both the 7•p 100

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

7 100 1000 1000 ÷ 12† 8

7 7 57. ≈ 0.667 decimal

1000 1000 ÷ 12† 8 1 p

54. 37.†% = 17 170

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

pet. 0.8 = 0.80 = 80% percent

90 90 ÷ 10 9 (b) 80 — 64 = 16 employees do not have iPhones.

0.18 = 18% 1 1•2 2

27 78. (a) 160 out of 640 tons of food is discarded.

100 160 160 ÷ 160 1

800 = 800 ÷ 40 = 20 fraction 38 38 ÷ 38 1

67† 67† ÷ 7† 9 221 221 ÷ 17 13

1†00 1†00 ÷ 7† 20 340 340 ÷ 17 20

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

†400 †400 ÷ 216 2† $16 + $8 = $24

82. 20†2 people out of †400 people picked Spring as ↓ ↓ ↓

Cross product: 2 • 2† = †0; 1 • †0 = †0

many parts and 300% means three times as many true.

86. (a) 100% of 76† workers is 76† workers. 4 200

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

12 16 12 4 with the symbol %.

x • 4 = 300 (d) The percent is 42. The number 42 appears

4•x 100 unknown part of the problem.