UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

Biglang Awa St., Corner Catleya St., EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
AND SOCIETY
GEC 007
Unit I
Unit I : Contents

LESSON 3: Science and Technology and Nation Building

3.1. Impact of Technology on Society
3.2. Role of Science and Technology in Nation Building
3.3. Role of Science and Technology in the Developing World
in the 21st Century
3.4. Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and
Technology
3.5. Major Science and Technology Development Plans
Science and
technology
and nation
building
 Motivation

Technology shapes Society?

OR
Society shapes Technology?
 Learning
objectives
Discuss the role of science and technology
in Philippine nation building;
Explain how science and technology
contribute to the national development;
and
Identify science and technology policies of
the government and appraise their impact
on the development of the Filipino nation.
As time progresses, advancements in different
inventions and discoveries took place. These
advancements do not just mean modern living
but it also determines the socio-economic
status of a country. Thus, the more advance
science and technology in a country, the higher
its socio-economic status will be.
Science and technology are the main
factors to country’s development.
Economic advances and improvements
in health care systems, education and
infrastructure are all dependent on the
scientific and technological revolutions.
3.1
Impact of
technology on
society
Impacts of Science and Technology on Society

1. helps us save time and energy by giving us tools

or devices that can make our lives easier, simpler
and comfortable.
Examples of these devices are: vacuum cleaner,
washing machine, microwave, rice cooker, electric
fans, air conditioning unit, television set and
computer unit.
Impacts of Science and Technology on Society

2. helps us to easily get the information we

need all over the world by the use of world
wide web. World Wide Web does not only
help us get the information we want but
also to organize it and retrieve it whenever
we want to.
 Impact of Technology on Society

3. Improved our transportation that enable us to move from

one place to another in a faster way. Also, science and
technology offered us different choices on how we would like
to travel by creating different types of vehicles that we can
use either by land, air or water.
 Impact of Technology on Society

3. Improved our transportation that enable us to move from

one place to another in a faster way. Also, science and
technology offered us different choices on how we would like
to travel by creating different types of vehicles that we can
use either by land, air or water.
 Impact of Technology on Society

4. Improved our ways of communication through the use of

various electronic media such as: internet; televisions; radios;
computers; and smartphones.
 Impact of Technology on Society

5. Improved our education and learning process by

integrating technology. Schools today employ different
technologies such as: smart boards; iPads; on line learning
also known as e-learning; computer-simulation lessons; and
on-line educational games to motivate students.
3.2

Role of Science and

Technology in Nation
Building

Presented by :
Bejarin, Erika Mae
Hermo, Jonna Mae
As what we have discussed, progress in
science and technology benefits the
society. Thus, socio-economic status of a
country is dependent on the
advancements of science and technology
it has.
Countries around the world are classified as
developed and developing countries (Prieto,
Vega, Felipe & Meneses, 2019). The said
classification is based on the country’s
economy (output or products) and the
implementation of science and technology in
improving health care and education.
It is a wellknown fact that countries who developed
faster are the ones with a strong foundation and well
implemented science and technology – which means
that they are the countries that invest more on science
and technology to create tools or devices that will
uplift their countries economic status. Developed
countries are known to be highly industrialized,
examples are: Japan; Sweden and France (Investopedia,
2019).
On the other hand, developing countries are
countries who put little emphasis and importance
on the development of science and technology.
Developing countries have poor developmental
plan and policies specifically in health care and
education. Examples of developing countries are:
Nigeria; Mexico; and Philippines (Investopedia,
2019).
So what can a developing country do in order to
keep abreast with the developed countries?
Developing countries should focus on the
following:
a. generation of new knowledge
b. focus on tasks that are nationally and globally
important and competitive areas of research that
are multi-disciplinary in nature.
c. produce research that are goal and result-
oriented, tangible and significant

d. encourage scientists and technologist to be

committed in developing significant knowledge
which are scientific and technologically based that
are of economic importance to the nation (Prieto,
Vega, Felipe & Meneses, 2019).
3.3

The Role of Science and

Technology in the
Developing World in 21st
Century
Presented by
Galura, Kristine Mae
Oquendo, Joyce Sweet
 4 PICS 1 WORD
Direction: Below are four pics linked by
one word. Work out what the word is,
from a set of letters given below the
pictures.
_C__NC_ E_U__T_O_
S _ _ I _ T_ C___U____T_O_
_G_I____U_E __R_D
_E__N__O__ _E_E_O___N_
__A_S____O_ I___A_T_U___R_
Learning Objectives:
Determine the role of science and technology
in the 21st developing world
Explain how science and technology benefits
the society
Appreciate the role of science and technology
in the developing world in the 21st Century.
 The Role of Science and
Technology in the Developing
World in 21st Century
 Science and Technology in the
Developing World in 21st Century
Science and Technology have paved
the way for modern civilization to
emerge. We wake up to the sound of
our alarm clocks and retreat to our
beds after turning off the lights at
night. These can plainly demonstrate
that they are significant aspects of
our daily lives.
Development in science and technology are fundamental
altering the way people live, connect, communicate and
transaction, with profound effects on economic
development.

According to LEE ROY CHETTY (2012), science and

technology are key drives to development.
Science and Technology as a solution to the following
problems:

INFRASTRUCTURE AGRICULTURE HEALTH ASPECTS EDUCATION

HEALTH ASPECTS

People in the 21st century are able to

combat life-threatening disease.

Even though they are in two separate

regions of the world, they are able to
interact with each other.
EDUCATION

In the context of teaching and

learning alone, technology has
infused classrooms with digital
learning tools such as computers and
hand-held gadgets, and has made a
significant contribution to rapid
learning.
 AGRICULTURE

Technology has improved the production of several crops,

which has benefited farmers greatly. Agriculture is
frequently technologically advanced.

To save money and increase yields, farmers and others

utilize science and technology to collect data, analyze
efficiency, monitor growth and quality, and many more.
 World wide Communication

Technology has become so advanced that it now offers free

internet calls on social media. People just need an active internet
connection to make video/voice calls from Whatsapp, Instagram,
Facebook, Skype, etc. Clearly, technology has revolutionized the
way businesses and individuals communicate with one another.

Science and technology have made it easier for

people to communicate with other people across the
world. It also ensures that the communication is
quicker and that more people remain connected.
 Infinite Discovery

it helped researchers achieve the goal of creating

objective experiments and improving their ability to
observe.

allows us to develop new technologies, solve

practical problems, and make informed decisions
The Role of Science and Technology in the
Developing World in 21st Century

1. Creating new knowledge

2. improving education
3. increasing the quality of our
lives.
The Role of Science and Technology in the
Developing World in 21st Century
To promote technological advance, developing countries
should invest in quality education for youth, continuous skills
training for worker and managers and should ensure that
knowledge is shared as widely as possible across society.

The state of science and technology determines the

socioeconomic progress of a country.
Effects of Science and Technology in
21st Century

Technology affects almost everything we do

today and influence our plan for the future.
Nowadays, technology is virtually in all
sectors. It is an important part of life.
Technology advancement has a lot of impact
on the quality of life.
Effects of Science and Technology in
21st Century

One of the main reasons that contributed to

the significant technology development
experienced in this century:

Competition between the different world

super powers.
 Question

How do you imagine our society today, if we not

able to innovate with the science and
technology?
How does technology benefits the
society?

Communication has been made simple

Productivity Improvements
Assists in the discovery of new information
Question
Time
3.4

Government
policies
and laws
pertaining to
science
 Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

R.A. 2067 also known as Science Act of 1958. An Act

to Integrate, Coordinate and Intensity Scientific and
Technological Research and Development and to Foster
Invention to Provide Funds therefore and for other Purposes.
 Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

R.A 3589. An Act Amending R. A. 2027 Modifying the

National Science Development Board, National Institute of
Science and Technology and the Philippine Atomic Energy
Commission, Extending Tax Exemption, Privileges and Grants,
Request and Donations for Scientific Purposes to Private
Educational Institutions and for other Purposes enacted June
22, 1963.
 Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

R. A. 5207 known as the "Atomic Energy Regulatory and

Liability Act of 1968." An Act Providing for the Licensing and
Regulation of Atomic Energy Facilities and Materials, establishing
the Rules of Liability for Nuclear Damage and for other Purposes.
This act was approved June 15, 1968 to encourage, promote assist
the development and use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes
as a means to improve the health and prosperity of the inhabitant
of the Philippines and to contribute and accelerate scientific,
technological, agricultural, commercial and industrial progress.
 Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

Presidential Decree No. 78, series of 1972

established the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Its main
function is to provide environmental protection and to utilize
scientific knowledge to ensure the safety of the people.
Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

Presidential Decree No. 334, series of 1973 created

the Philippine National Oil Company to promote industrial
and economic development through effective and efficient
use of energy resources.
 Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

Executive Order 128 known as the Reorganization Act of the

National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA). Thus NSTA
was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology
(DOST). DOST is the premiere science and technology body in the
country charged with the twin mandate of providing central
direction, leadership and coordination of all scientific and
technological activities, and of formulating policies, programs
and projects to support national development.
Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

✓R. A. 8749 known as the Philippine Clean Air

Act of 1999 and was enacted by the Congress
on June 23, 1999.comprehensive air quality
management policy and program which aims
to achieve and maintain healthy air for all
Filipinos.
 Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

✓ R.A. 8792 known as "Electronic Commerce Act of 2000." This

Act aims to facilitate domestic and international dealings,
transactions, arrangements agreements, contracts and
exchanges and storage of information through the utilization of
electronic, optical and similar medium, mode, instrumentality and
technology to recognize the authenticity and reliability of
electronic documents related to such activities and to promote
the universal use of electronic transaction in the government and
general public.
 Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

✓ R. A. 9367 known as the "Biofuels Act of 2006". This act

was enacted to develop and utilize indigenous renewable
and sustainable-sources clean energy sources to reduce
dependence on imported oil; mitigate toxic and greenhouse
gas (GSG) emissions; increase rural employment and income;
and ensure the availability of alternative and renewable
clean energy without any detriment to the natural ecosystem,
biodiversity and food reserves of the country.
 Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

✓ R. A. 9513 known as the "Renewable Energy Act of 2008". The

aims of this act are to accelerate the exploration and
development of renewable energy resources such as, but not
limited to, biomass, solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and ocean
energy sources, including hybrid systems, to achieve energy self-
reliance, through the adoption of sustainable energy development
strategies to reduce the country's dependence on fossil fuels and
thereby minimize the country's exposure to price fluctuations in
the international markets,
 Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

the effects of which spiral down to almost all sectors of the economy;
increase the utilization of renewable energy by institutionalizing the
development of national and local capabilities in the use of renewable
energy systems, and promoting its efficient and cost-effective
commercial application by providing fiscal and non-fiscal incentives;
and encourage the development and utilization of renewable energy
resources as tools to effectively prevent or reduce harmful emissions
and thereby balance the goals of economic growth and development
with the protection of health and the environment.
Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

✓ RA. 10175 known as the "Cybercrime

Prevention Act of 2012". It aims to
address legal issues concerning online
interactions and the Internet in the
Philippines.
Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

✓ R. A. 10612 known as the "Fast-Tracked S&T

Scholarship Act of 2013". This is an Act Expanding
the Coverage of the Science and Technology
(S&T) Scholarship Program and Strengthening the
Teaching of Science and Mathematics in
Secondary Schools.
 Government Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and Technology

R. A. 10844 known as the "Department of Information and

Communications Technology (DICT) Act of 2015". This law shall
strengthen its efforts on the following focus areas: Policy and
Planning: Improved Public Access; Resource-Sharing and
Capacity-Building; and Consumer Protection and Industry
Development. Apart from this, the DICT is expected to spearhead
the following endeavors: Nation building Through ICT:
Safeguarding of Information; and Advancement of ICT in the
Philippines.
For your activity,
choose three (3)
science and
technology policies
or laws given above
then describe and
evaluate their
impact/s on the
development of our
nation.
 Major Science and
Technology
Development Plans
 The Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP)

This was first development plan which was conceptualized and

introduced by Presidential Task Force for Science and
Technology in 1988 during the time of the late President
Corazon C. Aquino. STMP aimed to modernize the production
sector, upgrade research activities and the development of
infrastructure for science and technological purposes. Also, to
examine and determine which areas of research needed
attention and must be given priority, a Research and
Development Plan was formulated.
In identifying which programs can be pursued under this
STMP, the following criteria were used: development of
local materials; probability of success; potential of
product in the export market; and its strategic nature.
The identified programs who met the criteria were:
aquaculture, marine fisheries, forestry, natural
resources, process industry, food, feed industry, energy,
transportation, construction industry, information
technology, electronics, instrumentation and control,
emerging technologies, and pharmaceuticals.
 Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND)

This development plan was established in 1993 during the term of

President Fidel V. Ramos. This was formulated because of President Ramos’
perspective that science and technology were one of the key factors in
which the Philippines can achieve the status of New Industrialized Country
(NIC).
The plan’s priority programs were:
1. exporting winners identified by the DTI;
2. domestic needs identified by the President’s Council for Countryside
Development;
3. support industries; and
4. coconut industry development.
 National Science and Technology Plan (NSTP 2002-2020)

This development plan was prepared and organized by the

Department of
Science and Technology (DOST) headed by Secretary Estrella F.
Alabastro. NSTP is a suggestive plan that the Philippine government
will follow in a 20-year period. It covers the visions, goals, strategies,
area thrust and includes the medium-term element that contains the
specific strategic programs that DOST will pursue and implement
from 2002 to 2020.
Thus, NSTP envisioned that:

By 2004, Science and Technology already played a significant role in the

improvement of national productivity and competitiveness and greatly
contributed in solving national crucial problems.

By 2010, the Philippines should already have secured places in the

global market; known to be a world-class knowledge provider and user in
several areas of science and technology; and have advanced but steady
economic growth and improved its people quality of life through proper
utilization of science and technology.

By 2020, the Philippines should already develop extensively with high

technology content and globally competitive products and services.
The core areas for science and technology under the NSTP are:
agriculture, forestry, and natural resources; health/medical
sciences; biotechnology; information
and communication technology (ICT); microelectronics and
mechatronics; earth and
marine sciences; fisheries and aquaculture; environment;
natural disaster mitigation; energy materials science and
engineering; and manufacturing and process engineering
(Fernandez, 2002).
Unit II
Unit II : Contents

LESON 1: Technology as a Way of Revealing

1.1. Diversity and Collaboration in Scientific Community
1.2. Essence of Technology
1.3. Technology as Poiesis
1.4. Enframing: Way of Revealing in Modern Technology
1.5. The Dangers of Technology
Technology as a Way
of Revealing
Diversity and Collaboration in Scientific
Community
 Motivation
DECODE THE CODE, ON THE GO!

6(1)3(2)8(1)4(2)6(3)3(1)

7(4)2(3)4(3)3(2)6(2)8(1)4(3)3(2)4(3)2(3)

3(2)9(2)7(1)3(2)7(3)4(3)6(1)3(2)6(2)8(1)

7(4)6(3)2(3)4(3)3(2)8(1)9(3)

8(1)4(2)4(3)6(2)5(2)4(3)6(2)4(1)
 Learning Objectives
1. Define technology as a way of revealing
2. Identify the importance of diversity and
collaboration
3. Explain the connection between the
technology and community.
Technology as a Way of Revealing
Science is a voyage of exploration just to find out how
things work and it’s really interesting because it is an
ongoing and endless process. People tend to look for
the betterment of their lives each and everyday. The
longer the people explore science the more the people
become curios that science itself cannot answer its own
questions.
Technology as a Way of Revealing
There have been a drastic changes not
only in the conception of human
flourishing but also to actual human
condition.
 SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Scientific method refers to the procedure that

involves systematic observation, measurement,
experiment, and the formulation, testing, and
modification of hypotheses (Oxford Dictionary).
Generally, there is a logical step to follow in using
scientific method to solve scientific problems or
answer questions.
 What are the Steps of Scientific
Method?
Observe and identify using your senses the unexplainable
occurrences around you

Identify the problem and identify the possible factors

involved
Formulate hypothesis
Conduct experiment
Gather and analyze the data
Formulate conclusion
 THESE ARE AS FOLLOWS:

Making a systematic observation. Observing

and identifying unexplainable phenomena
using different senses.
Problem identification. Identifying
predominant question/problem and
relevant factors associated with it.
 THESE ARE AS FOLLOWS:

Formulating hypothesis. Making a scientific

guess or proposing a solution or explanation
pertinent to the problem.
Conducting experiment. A procedure that
will support, confirm or reject the
hypothesis.
 THESE ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Data gathering and analyzation. This can be
numerical or written observation of what took
place during the experiment.
Formulating conclusion. With the gathered and
analyzed data that will support the observation,
your conclusion will be the scientific answer to
the question. Providing recommendations can be
done as well to extend knowledge gained.
 Diversity and Collaboration in Scientific Community

Another important thing that scientists do to achieve

human flourishing is to collaborate with each other. It is a
well-known fact that individuals are unique, each one of us
possess unique characteristics, talents and have diverse
backgrounds so as scientists. So to consolidate diverse
perspectives and come up with the best and most
beneficial way of achieving human flourishing
collaboration is of essence.
 Collaboration and diversity are significant in
scientific community because they:

balance possible biases through

peer checking and assessment.

stimulate problem solving by

relaying and sharing ideas
within the community;
 Collaboration and diversity are significant in
scientific community because they:

facilitate specialization by
employing their expertise in
validating their hypotheses; served as inspiration and
motivation; and

divide labor
 What is the
essence of
technology?
 Essence
of
technology
 Essence of Technology

According to Martin Heidegger in his article “The Question

Concerning Technology” which you have read at the beginning of
this lesson, the essence of technology can be defined in two
ways, which are:
a. Technology is a means to an end which for Heidegger is
the instrumental definition of technology. Hence, technology is
not an end itself; it is a means to an end. The definition that we
know about technology which is a tool, a device or an instrument
that get things done for us falls under this category.
 Essence of Technology

b. Technology is a human activity for

Heidegger is the anthropological definition
of technology. In this category, Heidegger
claimed that to achieve an end and to
produce and use a means to an end is, by
itself, a human activity.
 Thank
you for
listening!
technology
as
poiesis
Martin Heidegger

Introduced the concept of "POIESIS"

meaning " bringing forth or revealing"
he stated that technology is a way of
revealing unconcealed truth.
he then regarded the poiesis not the
bringing forth but the "challenge forth"
he stated that technology is a way of
revealing unconcealed truth.
Enframing: Modern
Technology’s Way of
Revealing
 Enframing: Modern
Technology’s Way of Revealing

Enframing - nature is put in a box or a frame

so that it can be better understood and
controlled according to people's desires.
Martin Heidegger
Martin Heidegger was a german
philosopher who is widely regarded
as one of the most important
philosophers of the 20th century.
He is best known for contributions to
phenomenology, hermeneutics, and
existentialism.
 Enframing: Modern
Technology’s Way of Revealing

According to Heidegger (1977), there are two ways on how people regard nature
– by using calculative thinking where people view nature as something that
they can control, putting orders and system so it can be better understood based
on their desires. This kind of thinking or attitude is what Heidegger refers as
enframing or “boxes”. In addition, he said that our desire for a “precise” and
“scientific” knowledge of the world was the basis of this attitude of ours.
 Enframing: Modern
Technology’s Way of Revealing

The other way is by employing meditative thinking.

This kind of thinking does not use technology for
nature to forcibly reveal itself instead, meditative
thinking lets nature alone reveal its beauty to
humanity.
 Enframing: Modern
Technology’s Way of Revealing

People have the ability to use both – to take care of nature and to
control it. However, controlling or enframing was commonly used
because of the desire of security and fear of uncertainty. Blinded by
the desire of control and security; people’s way of enframing
challenge forth nature which brings danger to humanity due to
misuse, misinterpretation and misconstruction of its resources.
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY AS A
WAY OF REVEALING?

The essence of technology is not something we make; it is a

mode of being, or of revealing.
This means that technological things have their own novel kind
of presence, endurance, and connections among parts and
wholes. They have their own way of presenting themselves and
the world in which they operate.
 WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY AS A
WAY OF REVEALING?

Heidegger thinks that enframing is

threatening to our freedom because it selects
what worlds we see and which ones we do
not.
 ACTIVITY

Direction: On your paper, write an insight or

opinion about "IS TECHNOLOGY REALLY
RUINING YOUR LIFE OR NOT?." Share it with
class.
 DAngers
of
technology
We cannot ignore the fact that technology- be it ancient or modern,
are beneficial to us and we also know that it can be harmful or
dangerous. However, the danger of technology does not depend on
its kind neither on its function. The danger lies in how we make use of
the technology. Remember that the function of technology varies
with the needs of the people using it.

Furthermore, the essence of technology cannot be revealed by its

kind nor its function but on the significance it unfolds.
Thank You