Beginning Algebra 9th Edition Tobey

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 Chapter 6
6.1 Exercises 49 − x2 (7 − x)(7 + x)
24. =
3x + 4 y 3x + 4 y 1 2x − 9x − 35 (2x + 5)(x − 7)
2

2. = = −(x − 7)(7 + x)
9x +12 y 3(3x + 4 y) 3 =
(2x + 5)(x − 7)
25x − 30 5(5x − 6) 5 7+ x −7 − x
=− or
2x + 5 2x + 5
4. = 2 =
5x3 − 6x2 x (5x − 6) x2
12x2 −11x − 5 (4x − 5)(3x +1) 3x +1
2
16x + 8x +1 (4x +1)(4x +1) 4x +1 26. (4x − 2 = (4x − 5)(4x − 5) = 4x − 5
6. = =
5)
1 −16x2 (1 + 4x)(1 − 4x) 1 − 4x
2
2 28. 2x +15x +18 = (2x + 3)(x + 6) = 2x + 3

8.
6a b
=
2
42 + x − x2 (6 + x)(7 − x) 7−x
9a b (a + 3b)
2 2 3b(a + 3b)

a2 + 2ab −15b2 (a + 5b)(a − 3b) a + 5b

= =
2
10. x + x −12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) = x + 4 30. 4a2 − 2 (a − 3b)(4a − b) 4a − b

13ab + 3b
x2 − 3x x(x − 3) x
Cumulative Review
2
12. 4x −10x + 6 = 2(2x − 3)(x −1) = 2(2x − 3)

2x2 + x − 3 (2x + 3)(x −1) 2x + 3 31. (3x − 7)2 = (3x)2 − 2(3x)(7) + (7)2
= 9x2 − 42x + 49
3 2 2
x − 3x − 40x x(x − 3x − 40)
14. =
x +10x + 25
2 x2 +10x + 25 32. (7 x + 6y)(7x − 6y) = (7x)2 − (6y)2

x(x − 8)(x + 5) = 49x2 − 36y2

=
(x + 5)(x + 5)
x(x − 8) 33. (2x + 3)(x − 4) = 2 x2 − 8x + 3x −12
=
x +5 = 2 x2 − 5x −12

16. x2 − 9x +18 (x − 6)(x − 3) x −6 34. (2x + 3)(x − 4)(x − 2)

= =

2x2 − 9x + 9 (2x − 3)(x − 3) 2x − 3 = (2x + 3)(x2 − 6x + 8)

= 2x3 −12x2 +16x + 3x2 −18x + 24
3y2 − 8 y − 3 (3y +1)( y − 3) 3y +1 = 2x3 − 9x2 − 2x + 24
18. = =

3y2 −10 y + 3 (3y −1)( y − 3) 3y −1 3

2
35. 2a + 3b + 3b 2 2+ + 3
2
− = 2
−
2x2 + 4x − 6 2(x2 + 2x − 3) 7 2 3a 4 7a 2 b 3a 4b
2  2 3 3
20. x2 + 3x − 4 = x2 + 3x − 4 = +3 a + − b
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 135
 7  2 4
2(x + 3)(x −1)    
=
(x + 4)(x −1)  2 21  2  6 3 
=  + a + − b
2(x + 3) 7   
=
x+4 
23 2 3
= 7 a + b 4 4
7 4
22. 20 − 4ab = 4(5 − ab) = − 4

a2b − 5a −a(−ab + 5) a

136 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

−35 5 35 14 6.2 Exercises

36. ÷ =− 
12 14 12 5
57 27 2. Division of two rational expressions is done by
=− keeping the first fraction unchanged and then
265 multiplying by the reciprocal of the second
77
=− fraction.
6
49 1
=− or − 8 3x − 6 x2 + 6x + 5 3(x − 2) (x + 5)(x +1)

6 6 4. 
x+5 2x2 − 8 =  2(x2 − 4)
x+5

4 78 39 39 3 39 1 13 5 3(x − 2) (x + 5)(x +1)

37. = 8 =  =  = =1 = x + 5  2(x − 2)(x + 2)
3 3 8 1 8 3 8 8
3(x +1)
1 =
Each lot will be 1
5 2(x + 2)
acres.
8
2x2 4x3 + 26x2 + 40x
22 min 6. 
38. 17.5 lb  = 385 6x +15 10x3

lb 2x2 2x(2x2 +13x + 20)

The cooking time is 385 minutes, or 6 hours, = 
25 minutes. 3(2x + 5) 10x3
2x2 2x(2x + 5)(x + 4)
= 
Classroom Quiz 6.1 3(2x + 5) 2  5  x2  x
2(x + 4)
x3 + 5x2 x2 (x + 5) =
1. 3 2 = 2 15

x − 6x − 55x x(x − 6x − 55)

2 2
x2 (x + 5) x − 2x − 35 x − 2x − 24
= 8. 
x(x + 5)(x −11) x2 − 5x − 6 x2 − 3x − 28

x (x − 7)(x + 5) (x − 6)(x + 4)
= = 
x −11 (x − 6)(x +1) (x − 7)(x + 4)
x+5
=
10 − 2x 2(5 − x) x +1
2. =

4x2 − 20x 4x(x − 5)

−2(x − 5) 10. x − 4  x −7 x − 4 x2 +13x + 36
= = 
4x(x − 5) x +9 x2 +13x + 36 x+9 x −7

=−
2 x − 4 (x + 9)(x + 4)
= 
4x x +9 x −7

=−
1 (x − 4)(x + 4)
=
2x x −7

6x2 −13x − 8 6x2 + 3x −16x − 8 4x2 − 25

3. =
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 137
Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra
(4x +10)
9x2 − 48x + 64 9x2 − 24x − 24x + 64 12. 4x2 − 20x + 25
3x(2x +1) − 8(2x +1)
= 4x2 − 25 1
3x(3x − 8) − 8(3x − 8) = 
4x − 20x + 25
2 4x +10
(3x − 8)(2x +1) 1
= (2x − 5)(2x + 5)
(3x − 8)(3x − 8) = 
(2x − 5)(2x − 5) 2(2 x + 5)
2x +1
= 1
3x − 8 =
2(2x − 5)

138 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

14. 5x2 +10xy + 5y2  3x + 3y 3 1 4 3 7 114 44

24. + − = + −
x2 + 5xy + 6y2 x + 2y 4 2 7 47 2 14 74
21+14 −16
5(x + y)(x + y) (x + 2y) =
=  28
(x + 3y)(x + 2y) 3(x + y) 19
5(x + y) =
= 28
3(x + 3y)
25. Area of road = 8981(90)
16. 3x2 −10x − 8  4x + 5 Area of sidewalk = 8981(10.5)

(4x + 5)2 (x − 4)2 Difference in area = 8981(90) − 8981(10.5)

= 8981(79.5)
(3x + 2)(x − 4) 4x + 5
=  Difference in cost = 8981(79.5)x = $713, 989.5x
(4x + 5)2 (x − 4)2

3x + 2
= 26. Harold: length = x, width = x
(4x + 5)(x − 4) George: length = x + 3, width = x − 2
A = LW
18. x + 4x −12  x − 3x − 54
2 2 36 = (x + 3)(x − 2)

16 − 4x2 x2 +10x +16 36 = x2 + x − 6

2
x + 4x −12 x2 +10x +16 0 = x2 + x − 42
=  2
16 − 4x2 x − 3x − 54 0 = (x + 7)(x − 6)

(x + 6)(x − 2) (x + 2)(x + 8) x+7 = 0 x−6 = 0

= 

−4(x2 − 4) (x + 6)(x − 9) x = −7 x=6

Not possible
(x + 6)(x − 2) (x + 2)(x + 8)
=  The dimensions of their gardens are as follows:
−4(x + 2)(x − 2) (x + 6)(x − 9) Harold: 6 ft by 6 ft
x+8 −(x + 8) x+8 George: 9 ft by 4 ft
= or or −
−4(x − 9) 4(x − 9) 4(x − 9)
Classroom Quiz 6.2
2 2
20. 4 y +13y + 3  6 y + y −1 2
12 y2 − y −1 2 y2 + 7 y + 3 3x − 24 x − 2x − 35 3(x − 8) (x − 7)(x + 5)
1. x − 7  x2 − 6x −16 = x − 7  (x − 8)(x + 2)
(4 y +1)( y + 3) (3y −1)(2 y +1) 3(x + 5)
=  =
(4 y +1)(3y −1) ( y + 3)(2 y +1) x+2
=1

4x2 − 9 2
x2 + x −12 3x2 −14x − 5 4x +12x + 9  6x − 9
2. 2
22. 
3x2 − 8x − 3 x2 + 2x − 8 (2x + 3)(2x − 3) 2

(x + 4)(x − 3) (3x +1)(x − 5) x−2 = 3)(2x + 3)

=  ( 2
(3x +1)(x − 3) (x − 2)(x + 4) 2 =
x−5 x 3(2x + 3)
=
+
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 137
 Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

 x − 3)
3(2

Cumulative Review 2x2 − 32 2x2 − 6x − 8

3.  2
x − 5x + 6
2
x − x −2

23. 6x2 + 3x −18 = 5x − 2 + 6x2 2x2 − 32 x2 − x − 2

3x −18 = 5x − 2 = x2 − 5x +  x2 − 6x − 8

−18 = 2x − 2 2(x + 4)( 6 2 x − 2)(x +1)

−16 = 2x x − 4) (
= 
(x − 3)(x − 2) 2(x − 4)(x +1)
−8 = x
x+4
=
x −3

138 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

6.3 Exercises 22. 5 3 5 3 x −1

+ = + 
x2 − 2x +1 x −1 (x −1)(x −1) x −1 x −1
2. The LCD would be a product that contains each
5 + 3x − 3
factor. However, any repeated factor in any one =
denominator must be repeated the greatest (x −1)(x −1)
number of times it occurs in any one 3x + 2
=
denominator. So the LCD would be (x −1)(x −1)
(x − 4)3(x + 7).

5 2 5 y+3 2 y −3
24. + =  + 
x+6 4 x+6+4 x +10 y −3 y +3 y −3 y +3 y +3 y −3
4. + = =

3x + 8 8 + 3x 3x + 8 3x + 8 5y +15 2y − 6
= +
(y − 3)(y + 3) (y − 3)(y + 3)
4x + 8 x+6 4x + 8 − (x + 6) 5y +15 + 2y − 6
6. − = =
x−6 x−6 x−6 (y − 3)(y + 3)
4x + 8 − x − 6 7y + 9
= =
x−6
(y − 3)(y + 3)
3x + 2
=

x−6 2 3 2 4a 3 3a − 5
26. + =  + 
7x + 6 2x + 3 7x + 6 − (2x + 3) 3a − 5 4a 3a − 5 4a 4a 3a − 5

8. − = 8a + 3(3a − 5)
5x + 2 5x + 2 5x + 2 =
4a(3a − 5)
7 x + 6 − 2x − 3
= 5x + 2 8a + 9a −15
=

5x + 3 4a(3a − 5)
= 17a −15
5x + 2 =
4a(3a − 5)
10. 5a2 , a3
LCD = 5a3 5 5 5 3z 5 x
28. + =  + 
4xy 12yz 4xy 3z 12yz x
15z + 5x
12. 14xy3 = 2  7xy3 =
12xyz
35x4 y2 = 5  7x 4 y2 5(3z + x)

=
LCD = 2  5  7x 4 y3 = 70x4 y3 12xyz

14. 3x + 12 = 3(x + 4) 7x + 3 x −3 7x + 3 2 x −3
30. − =  −
18. 5x + 20 = 5(x + LCD = (x + 2)(x − 2) = x2 − 4
4)
LCD = 3  5(x +
4) = 15(x + 4) 2x 2 − 9x − 35 = (2x + 5)(x − 7)
16.
4x 2 + 20x + 25 = (2x + 5)2LCD =
x2 − 4 = (x + (x − 7)(2x + 5)2
2)(x − 2)
x+2=x+2
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 139
Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

x− x − 4 2 2(x − 4)
4 2(7x + 3)
=
− (x
2x − 3)
−8 2(x −
4)
14x + 6 − x + 3
=
2(x − 4)
=
13
x
+9
2(
x−
4)
8 9
20. + = 8 + 9  c = 8 + 9c

cd d cd d c cd

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ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

7x 6 7x 6 x −3 3x + 5 −x + 5
32. − = −  42. +
x2 − 9 x +3 (x + 3)(x − 3) x +3 x −3 x2 + 4x + 3 x2 + 2x − 3

7x − 6(x − 3) 3x + 5 x −1 −x + 5 x +1
= =  + 
(x + 3)(x − 3) (x + 3)(x +1) x −1 (x + 3)(x −1) x +1

7x − 6x +18 3x2 + 2x − 5 − x2 + 4x + 5
= =
(x + 3)(x − 3) (x + 3)(x +1)(x −1)
x +18 2x2 + 6x
= =
(x + 3)(x − 3) (x + 3)(x +1)(x −1)
2b − a a + 3b 2b − a 3 a + 3b 4 2x(x + 3)
=
34. − =  −  (x + 3)(x +1)(x −1)
4 3 4 3 3 4

2x
3(2b − a) − 4(a + 3b) =
= (x +1)(x −1)
12
6b − 3a − 4a −12b
= 8b 3b 8b 3b
12 44. − = −
−7a − 6b 2b − a a − 2b 2b − a −(2b − a)
=
12 8b + 3b
= 2b − a
2b − a
5 2 5 x−4 2 3x + 2 11b
36. − =  −  =

3x + 2 x−4 3x + 2 x − 4 x − 4 3x + 2 2b − a

5(x − 4) − 2(3x + 2)
=
(3x + 2)(x − 4) 46. 3x x+5
−
5x − 20 − 6x − 4 x2 − 5x − 6 x2 + 3x + 2
=
(3x + 2)(x − 4) 3x x+5
= −
−x − 24 (x − 6)(x +1) (x +1)(x + 2)
=
(3x + 2)(x − 4) 3x x+2 x+5 x−6
=  − 
(x − 6)(x +1) x + 2 (x +1)(x + 2) x − 6

1
− 2
5 3x2 + 6x − (x2 − x − 30)
38. =
x − 2x x − 4x + 4
2
(x − 6)(x +1)(x + 2)
1 x−2 5 x
2x2 + 7x + 30
=  − 
x(x − 2) x − 2 (x − 2)2 x = (x − 6)(x +1)(x + 2)

x − 2 − 5x
=
x(x − 2)2 48. 4x 5
+
−4x − 2 3x2 − 5x − 2 x−2
=

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

x(x − 2)2 4x 5 3x +1
= + 
−2(2x +1) (3x +1)(x − 2) x − 2 3x +1
=
x(x − 2) 2 4x + 5(3x +1)
=
(3x +1)(x − 2)
2 5 4x +15x + 5
40. + =

x2 − 3x −10 x2 − 2x −15 (3x +1)(x − 2)

2 x+3 5 x+2 19x + 5

=  +  =
(x + 2)(x − 5) x + 3 (x + 3)(x − 5) x + 2 (3x +1)(x − 2)

2x + 6 + 5x +10
=
(x + 2)(x + 3)(x − 5)
7x +16
=
(x + 2)(x + 3)(x − 5)

142 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

Cumulative Review Classroom Quiz 6.3

1 1 1 5 3
49. (x − 2) + (x + 3) = (3x +1) 1. +
3 2 4 x − 4x − 21
2 x −7

1 1  1 5
12 (x − 2) + (x + 3) = 12 (3x +1) = + 3 x+3

 4
3   (x − 7)(x + 3) x −7 x +3
 2   
5
4(x − 2) + 6(x + 3) = 3(3x +1) = + 3x + 9

4x − 8 + 6x +18 = 9x + 3 (x − 7)(x + 3) (x − 7)(x + 3)

10x +10 = 9x + 3 3x +14
x +10 = 3 =
(x − 7)(x + 3)
x = −7
3a + 2b b − a 3a + 2b c b − a a
50. 4.8 − 0.6x = 0.8(x −1) 2. − =  − 
ab bc ab c bc a
10(4.8 − 0.6x) = 10[0.8(x −1)]
48 − 6x = 8(x −1) 3ac + 2bc ab − a2
= −
48 − 6x = 8x − 8 abc abc
48 −14x = −8 3ac + 2bc − ab + a2
=
−14x = −56 abc
x=4

3 5
3. +
1 1 1
51. x− x  + x 2
x −16 x + 6x + 8
2

5 2 10 3 x+2 5 x−4
=  + 
 1  1 1 
10 x − x  10 + x (x + 4)(x − 4) x + 2 (x + 4)(x + 2) x − 4
 5   2 10 


   3x + 6 + 5x − 20
10x − 2x  5 + x =
(x + 2)(x − 4)(x + 4)
8x  5 + x 8x −14
7x  5 =
(x + 2)(x − 4)(x + 4)
5
x 2(4x + 7)
=
7 (x + 2)(x − 4)(x + 4)

52. (3x3 y4 )4 = 34 x34 y44 = 81x12 y16 Use Math to Save Money

53. Let x = number of days. 1. 15% of $500 = 0.15  $500 = $75

2.75(2x)  90 Adam will save $75 today.
5.5x  90
90 2. 25% of $500 = 0.25  $500 = $125
x Using simple interest, Adam would pay $125 in
5.5
4 interest if he carries the balance for a year.
x  16 $500
11 3. = 0.10 = 10%
It is cheaper if you use the subway at least 0.0526(5,475,000) = 287,985
17 days per month. 287,985 more people spoke Swedish than Sámi.

54. 5.3% − 0.04% = 5.26%

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

$5000
$500 is 10% of the available credit
on hisexisting card.

4. 48  $9 = $432
Adam would pay $432 more over the life
of theloan.

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ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

How Am I Doing? Sections 6.1−6.3 3a2 + 7a + 2 6a2 −13a − 5

(Available online through MyMathLab or from the 8. 
Instructor’s Resource Center.) 4a2 +11a +6 16a2 2− 9
3a2 + 7a + 2 16a − 9
= 
8x − 48 8(x − 6) 8 4a2 +11a + 6 6a2 −13a − 5
1. = =

x2 − 6x x(x − 6) x (3a +1)(a + 2) (4a + 3)(4a − 3)

= 
(4a + 3)(a + 2) (2a − 5)(3a +1)
2x2 − 7x −15 (2x + 3)(x − 5) 2x + 3 4a − 3
2. = = =
x2 −12x + 35 (x − 5)(x − 7) x−7 2a − 5

x − 3y 4a − y x − 3y a 4a − y x
y2 + 2 y +1
( y +1)( y +1) 9. − =  − 
3. 2 2 2
= xy ay xy a ay x
2x − 2x y −2x2 ( y2 −1) a(x − 3y) − x(4a − y)
( y +1)( y +1) =
= axy
−2x2 ( y −1)( y +1) ax − 3ay − 4ax + xy
y +1 =

= axy
2x2 (1− y) xy − 3ax − 3ay
=
axy
5x2 − 23x +12 (5x − 3)(x − 4) x − 4
4. = =
5x2 + 7 x − 6 (5x − 3)(x + 2) x + 2 7 −14
10. +
2x − 4 x2 − 4

12a2 8x + 40 12a2 8(x + 5) 7 x+2 −14 2

5.  =  =  + 

2x +10 16a3 2(x + 5) 16a3 2(x − 2) x + 2 (x + 2)(x − 2) 2

6a2 x+5 7(x + 2) −14  2

=
=  2(x + 2)(x − 2)
x + 5 2a3 7x +14 − 28
=
6a2 2(x + 2)(x − 2)
=
2a3 7x −14
=
3 2(x + 2)(x − 2)
=
a 7(x − 2)
=
2(x + 2)(x − 2)
x −5 x2 +12x + 35
6. x2 + 5x −14  15 − 3x =
7

2(x + 2)
x−5 (x + 7)(x + 5)
= 
(x + 7)(x − 2) 3(5 − x) 11. 2x x−3
+
x+5
=− x2 +10x + 21 x + 7
3(x − 2) 2x x−3 x+3
= + 
x2 − 9 2x2 − 5x − 3 (x + 3)(x + 7) x+7 x+3

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

7.  4x2 −1 2x + (x − 3)(x + 3)
=
2x + 6 4x2 −1 (x + 3)(x + 7)
2
x −9 2x + x2 − 9
= 
2x + 6 2x2 − 5x − 3 =
(x + 3)(x + 7)
(x + 3)(x − 3) (2x +1)(2x −1)
=  x2 + 2x − 9
2(x + 3) (2x +1)(x − 3) =
2x −1 (x + 3)(x + 7)
=
2

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 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

12. 4 5x 1− 36 1− 36 x2
−
2 2
x 2 − 2x − 3 x 2 + 5x + 4 12. 1− x6 = 1− x6  x2
4 x+4 5x x−3 x x
=  −  1 x2 − 36  x2
(x − 3)(x +1) x + 4 (x + 4)(x +1) x − 3 x2
=
4x +16 − 5x2 +15x 1 x2 − 6  x2
=
x
(x − 3)(x +1)(x + 4) 2
x − 36
−5x2 +19x +16 = 2
= (x − 3)(x +1)(x + 4) x − 6x
(x + 6)(x − 6)
=
x(x − 6)
Exercises 6.4
x+6
=
8 8 8  x2 x
x2 8x

2. x = x  = 5 x2 6 2 =
+6 + 6 x2 x + x 5 + 6x


5 5 9 9

x2 x x2 x x2 x x2 −1 (x −1)( x+1) (x −1)(x +1)

14. = 
4 − 2 4 − 2 (x −1)(x +1)
3  ab + 5  ab
3 +5 3 + 5 ab 3b + 5a x−1 x+1 x−1 x+1

4. a b = a b  
= a b = 9(x −1)( x+1)

4 4 ab
4  ab 4
=
(x −1)( x+1)

4(x−1)(x +1)
− 2(x −1)( x+1)
ab ab ab

x−1 x+1
x −1 x −1 9
6x =
4(x +1) − 2(x −1)
6. 6 3 = 56 13 6x
5 +1 +
6x 2 6x
x  6x2 − 1  6x 9
=
= 6 3 4x + 4 − 2x + 2
5  6x + 1  6x 9
6x 2 =
2x + 6
x2 − 2x
= 9
5 + 3x =
x(x − 2) 2(x + 3)
=
5 + 3x x+ 4 x + 4 4x
16. x = x 
x +3
2
x +3
2
4x
8 − 2 8 − 2
8. x 3x = x 3x  3x 4x 4x

2 +5 2 + 5 3x x  4x + 4  4x
3 x 3 x = x
8  3x − 2  3x x2 +3  4x
= x 3x
2  3x + 5  3x 4x +1624x

3 x =
24 − 2 x2 + 3
=

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

2x +15 4(x2 + 4)
22 =
= x2 + 3
2x +15

1
x + 1y 1
x + 1y (xy)
10. = 
x+y x + y (xy)
1  xy + 1  xy
x y
=
(x + y)xy
y+x
=
xy(x + y)
1
=
xy

148 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

x4 4 (x + 5)(x − 5) 26. 7 + x  11+ 5x

18. +5 1 = 2 − x+51  (x + 5)(x − 5) 7  11+ 4x

x
2 − 2 2
−5 x −25 x−5 x −25 −4  4x
4(x+5)( x−5) −4 4x

= x+5
2(x+5)(x−5) ( x+5)(x−5)
− −1  x4or x  −1
4

x−5 ( x+5)( x−5)

4(x − 5)
=
2(x + 5) −1
4x − 20
=
2x + 9 27. 2x − 9 =
x
4(x − 5) 2 x 
=
2x + 9 2(2x − 9) = 2 
2
2x +3 2x +3 x−2 4x −18 = x
20. x−2 = x−2  3x = 18
3x + 4
x−2
3x
x−2
+4 x −2 x=6
2x ( x − 2) + 3(x − 2) The number is 6.
= x−2
3x ( x − 2) + 4(x − 2)
x−2 28. x = salary last year
2x + 3x − 6 0.05x = raise
=
3x + 4x − 8 x + 0.05x = 25, 200
5x − 6 1.05x = 25, 200
=
7x − 8 x = 24, 000
Isabella’s salary was $24,000 last year.
22. No expression in any denominator can be
allowed to be zero, since division by zero is Classroom Quiz 6.4
undefined. So 2, −6, and 0 are not allowable
replacements for the variable x. x −1 x −1 20xy
5y 4 5y 4
1. = 
 1 
3
− 2 3
− 2 20xy
24. 1
 2x − 4y 4y x 4y x
 −

 x + 2y x−y x2 2− 3xy + 2y2 2

x  20xy − 1  xy
5y 4
=
 1 1  x − 3xy + 2y 3  20xy − 2  20xy
= − 
  4y x
 x + 2y x−y 2x − 4y 4x2 − 5xy

x − y − (x + 2y) (x − y)(x − 2y) =

=  15x − 40y
(x + 2y)(x − y) 2(x − 2y) x(4x − 5y)

(x − y − x − 2y)(x − y)(x − 2y) =

= 5(3x − 8y)
(x + 2y)(x − y)(2)(x − 2y)
(−3y)(x − y)(x − 2y)
= 2(x + 2y)(x − y)(x − 2y) 5 +5
2. x y =  5 + 5  1

 
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 149
Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

or − 3y 10x +10y  
−3y x y 10x +10y
= 2(x + 2y)
2(x + 2y) 5 y 5 x 1
=  +  
 
Cumulative Review x y y x 10x +10y
5y + 5x 1
= 
25. 5x + 6 y = 8 xy 10(x + y)

6 y = −5x + 8 5(x + y)
=
−5x + 8 10xy(x + y)
y=
6 1
=
2xy

150 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

8 8 2x + 3 1 3
x2 −16 x2 −16 (x + 4)(x − 4) 6. −x=2
3. =  4x
2 + 3 2 + 3
x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 (x + 4)(x − 4)  2x + 3  1 3
+ − + − 4x  − 4x = 4x
8( x+4)( x−4) 4x  x 2
(x+4)(x−4)      
= 2( x+4)( x−4) 3(x +4)(x −4) 2x + 3 − 4 = 6x
+
x +4 x −4 2x −1 = 6x
=
8 −1 = 4x

2(x − 4) + 3(x + 4) 1
− =x
8 4
=
2x − 8 + 3x +12 ( 4)
2 − 1 +3 1 3
8
− − 14
= 5x + 4
( )
Check:
4 − 14 2

− 12 + 3 3
6.5 Exercises +4
−1 2
1 3
8 2 −2 −3+ 4
2. + =
x 5 x 2 2
8 2  −2  1 6 8 3
5x   + 5x   = 5x   − +
x 5 x 2 2 2 2
     
3 3
40 + 2x = −10 =
2x = −50 2 2
x = −25
x−4 3
8. =
8 2 −2
Check: + 5x 10

−25 5 −25  x−4  3

10x  = 10x
8 10 2 5x   10 
   
− + 2(x − 4) = 3x
25 25 25

2 2 2x − 8 = 3x
=

25 25 −8 = x
Check: −8 −4 3
1 5 2
4. + = 5(−8) 10

3x 6 x −12 3

 1  5 2 −40 10

6x  3x  + 6x  6  = 6x  x  3 3
      =
2 + 5x = 12 10 10
5x = 10

x=2 3 2
1 10. =
Check: 5 2 x+4 x
+
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 151
Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

3(2) 6 2 x(x + 4)  3 = 2  x(x + 4)

1=1 x+4 x

3x = 2(x + 4)
3x = 2x + 8
x=8
3
Check: 2

8+4 8
3 2
12 8
1 1
=
4 4

152 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

3 3 2 3x − 4
12. = 18. −1 =
x+5 3x − 2 x +5 x +5
 3   3  2 3x − 4
(x + 5)(3x − 2) = (x + 5)(3x − 2) (x + 5)  − (x + 5) 1 = (x + 5) 


    x +5 x +5
 x +5  3x − 2 
3(3x − 2) = 3(x + 5) 2 − (x + 5) = 3x − 4
3x − 2 = x + 5 2 − x − 5 = 3x − 4
2x − 2 = 5 −4x = −1

1
2x = 7 x= or 0.25
7 1 4
x = or 3 or 3.5
2 2 2
Check: 1 + 5 −1
()
3 41 − 4
1 +5
Check: 3 3

( )
4 4
7 +5 3 7 −2
2 2 −1 − 134
3 32
21 21
17 17 4 4
2 2 8 13 4 21
−  −
6 6 21 21 4 21
=
17 17 13 13
− =−
5 2x + 7 21 21
14. = 3+

 5 2 x+6  2x + 7  5−
x
=
3
2(x + 6) = (2)(x + 6)(3) + 2(x + 6) 20. x +3 3+ x



2  x+6  x   3 
   
5x + 30 = 6x + 36 + 4x +14 (x + 3)(5) − (x + 3)   = (x + 3)  
5x + 30 = 10x + 50 x +3 3+ x 
5x +15 − x = 3
−20 = 5x 4x = −12
−4 = x x = −3
5 2(−4) + 7
Check: 3+ x = −3 makes the denominators zero so it is an
2 −4 + 6 extraneous solution. There is no solution.
5 1
3−
2 2
5 5
=
2 2

63 − 2x 5
16. = 2−
x x
 63 − 2x  5
x = 2x − x
 x  x
   
63 − 2x = 2x − 5
63 = 4x − 5
68 = 4x
17 = x
63 − 2(17) 5
Check: 2−
17 17
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 153
Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

29 29
=
17 17

154 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

8x 3 3
22. = +
4x2 −1 2x +1 2x −1

8x 3 3
= +
(2x +1)(2x −1) 2x +1 2x −1
8x 3 3
(2x +1)(2x −1) = (2x +1)(2x −1) + (2x +1)(2x −1)

(2x +1)(2x −1) 2x +1 2x −1

8x = 3(2x −1) + 3(2x +1)
8x = 6x − 3 + 6x + 3
8x = 12x
0 = 4x
0=x
8(0) 3 3
Check: +
4(0)2 −1 2(0) +1 2(0) −1

0 3 3
+
−1 1 −1
0=0

x+3 2 2
24. = −
x2 − 3x −10 x − 5 x + 2
x+3 2 2
= −
(x − 5)(x + 2) x − 5 x + 2

x+3 2 2
(x − 5)(x + 2) = (x − 5)(x + 2) − (x − 5)(x + 2)
(x − 5)(x + 2) x−5 x+2

x + 3 = 2(x + 2) − 2(x − 5)
x + 3 = 2x + 4 − 2x +10
x + 3 = 14
x = 11
11+ 3 2 2
Check: −
112 − 3(11) −10 11− 5 11+ 2

14 2 2
−
78 6 13
14 26 12
−
78 78 78
14 14
=
78 78

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 155

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

4x 12 4x2 + 36
26. − =
x +3 x −3 x2 − 9

4x 12 4x2 + 36
− =

x +3 x −3 (x + 3)(x − 3)

4x 2
(x + 3)(x − 3) − (x + 3)(x − 3) 12 = (x + 3)(x − 3) 4x + 36

x+3 x −3 (x + 3)(x − 3)

(x − 3)(4x) − (x + 3)(12) = 4x2 + 36

4x2 −12x −12x − 36 = 4x2 + 36
4x2 − 24x − 36 = 4x2 + 36
−24x − 36 = 36
−24x = 72
x = −3
Since x = −3 makes the first fraction’s denominator 0, x = −3 is extraneous and there is no solution.

9 1 2
28. + =
9x2 −1 3x +1 3x −1
 9   1   2 
(3x +1)(3x −1) + (3x +1)(3x −1) = (3x +1)(3x −1)
     
 (3x +1)(3x −1)   3x +1   3x −1 
9 + (3x −1) = 2(3x +1)
3x + 8 = 6x + 2
−3x + 8 = 2
−3x = −6
x=2
9 1 2
Check: +
9(2)2 −1 3(2) +1 3(2) −1
9 1 2
+
35 7 5
2 2
=
5 5

6 −5 −5
30. = +
x − 3 x − 2 x2 − 5x + 6
6 −5 −5
= +
x − 3 x − 2 (x − 3)(x − 2)

6 −5 −5
(x − 3)(x − 2) = (x − 3)(x − 2) + (x − 3)(x − 2)
x −3 x−2 (x − 3)(x − 2)

6(x − 2) = −5(x − 3) − 5
6x −12 = −5x +15 − 5
11x −12 = 10
156 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

11x = 22
x=2
Since x = 2 makes a denominator zero, x = 2 is extraneous and there is no solution.

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 157

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

32. x − 3  0, so x  3 5x 10
1 2. 3− =
2x − 1  0, so x  x+2 x+2
2  5x   10 
(x + 2)  3 − (x + 2) = (x + 2)
2x2 − 5x − 3  0    
x+2 x+2
(x − 3)(2x +1)  0 3x + 6 − 5x = 10

x−3  0 2x +1  0 −2x = 4
x3 1 x = −2
x−
2 x = −2 is extraneous because it makes a
1 1 denominator 0, so there is no solution.
x = 3, x = , and x = − are not allowable
2 2 3 5 9x − 3
3. + =
replacements for x.
x x + 2 x2 + 2x
3 5
Cumulative Review x(x + 2)  + x(x + 2) = x(x + 2)  9x − 3

x x+2 x(x + 2)
33. 8x − 2x −1 = (4x +1)(2x −1)
2 3(x + 2) + 5x = 9x − 3
3x + 6 + 5x = 9x − 3

34. 5(x − 2) = 8 − (3 + x) 8x = 9x − 3 − 6
5x −10 = 8 − 3 − x −x = −9
6x = 15 x =9
5 1
x = or 2 or 2.5 6.6 Exercises
2 2

7 x
35. Let w = width. 2. =
length = 2w − 8 14 9
Perimeter = 2(length) + 2(width) 14  x = 7  9
44 = 2(2w − 8) + 2w 14x = 63
44 = 4w −16 + 2w 63
x=
44 = 6w −16 14
9 1
−6w = −60 x = or 4 or 4.5
w = 10 2 2
2w − 8 = 2(10) − 8 = 20 − 8 = 12
18 7
The dimensions are as follows: 4. =

width = 10 in. x 3
length = 12 in. x  7 = 18  3
7x = 54
115, 000 54 5
36. = 115 x= or 7
1000 7 7
8.23(115) = 946.45
Their payment will be $946.45. 3 12.5
6. =
Classroom Quiz 6.5 x x 3.2
2 1 2
15x  −15x  = 15x  2 −15x 
2 1 2
1. − =2−
5x 15x 3x
158 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

12.5 = 3 3.2 9.6

x=
12.5x = 9.6 12.5
x = 0.768
5x 15x 3x
6 −1 = 30x −10
5 +10 = 30x
15 = 30x
1
= x or x = 0.5
2

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 159

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

x 7 18. z = 18, y = 25, n = 9

8. =
12 3 p n
=
x  3 = 12  7 z y
3x = 84 p 9
=
x = 28 18 25
25 p = 9 18
10. a. x = Euros received 162 12

0.77 Euro x p= or 6 cm
= 25 25
1.00 dollar 350 dollars
1 x = 0.77  350 20. j = 12, k = 14, c = 9
x = 269.5 j k
Sean received 269.5 Euros. =
c d
12 14
b. x = pounds received =

0.83 pound
=
x 12 9 = d
 d 9 14
1.00 Euro 200 Euro
12d = 126
1 x = 0.83 200
126
x = 166 d=
He received 166 British pounds. 12
21 1
d= or 10 inches
12. x = weight of suitcase 2 2
x 110
= 22. a = 20, d = 24, k = 30
39 50
50x = 4290 g k
=
x = 85.8 a d

They weighed about 86 pounds. g 30

=
20 24
14. d = distance apart g  24 = 20  30
d 15 24g = 600
=
5.5 3 g=
600
4
3 24
d = 82.5 g = 25 cm
4

d = 110
The two cities are 110 miles apart. 24. x = height of sculpture

x 5.5
=
16. p = 12, m = 16, z = 20 20 9
p z 9x = 20  5.5
=
m x 9x = 110
110
12 20
= x=  12.2

16 x 9
12x = 320 Height of sculpture is about 12 ft.
320 80 2
x= = or 26 inches
12 3 3 26. x = length of second wire

x 23
=
130 14
160 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

14x = 2990
x  213.6
The second wire is about 214 meters long.

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 161

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

28. x = amount of slowing in 10 seconds Cumulative Review

x 2
=
10 3 35. 0.000892465 = 8.9246510−4
3x = 20
20 2
x= =6 36. 6.83109 = 6,830, 000, 000
3 3

55 − 6
2
= 48
1 x−3 y−2 w8
37. =
3 3 z4w−8 x3 y2 z4
He will be traveling approximately 48.3 miles

per hour. −3 3
2 =  3  33 27 3
38.   or 3 8
30. 3 2 = 3 = 8
D R T=D
R
    2
225
Jenny 225 s + 12 s+12
Classroom Quiz 6.6
s 175
Mary 175 s 2.1 x
1. =
2.8 4.4
(2.1)(4.4) = (2.8)x
225 175 9.24 = 2.8x
=

s +12 s 3.3 = x
225s = 175s + 2100
2. x = cars with one occupant between 8 A.M. and
50s = 2100 9 A.M.
s = 42 558 x
s + 12 = 54 =
Mary’s rate was 42 mi/hr. 620 930
620x = 558  930
Jenny’s rate was 54 mi/hr.
620x = 518, 940
12.25 12.25 x = 837
32. a. = = 0.07 837 cars would have one occupant.
25 + 40 + 50 + 60 175
He is charging $0.07/gram. 3. x = height of cliff
6 x
b. 0.07(60) = 4.20 =
You would pay $4.20. 7.5 26
7.5x = 6  26
c. 0.07(800) = 56.00 7.5x = 156
You would pay $56.00. x = 20.8
The cliff is 20.8 ft tall.
34. x = time to make food together
1 1 1 Career Exploration Problems
+ =
6 5 x
1 1 1 1. n = the number of treadmills produced daily
30x + = 30x
6 5  x C = $22,000, the fixed daily costs.
    $350n = the cost of producing n number of
5x + 6x = 30 treadmills.
11x = 30 Therefore, the average treadmill cost model is:

30 8
x= It will take them 2
11 11
162 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

Cave $350n +
=
$22, 000
n
hours or 2 hours,

44 minutes.

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

2. h = number of hours to produce n treadmills x2 − 4xy − 5 y2 4x2 − y2

Line A produces n treadmills in 18 hours, so it 2. 2x2 − 9xy − 5 y2  4x2 − 4xy + y2

1
produces of the treadmills in 1 hour. (x − 5y)(x + y) (2x + y)(2x − y)
18 = 

Line B produces n treadmills in 14 hours, so it (2x + y)(x − 5 y) (2x − y)(2x − y)

1 x+ y
produces of the treadmills in 1 hour. =
14 2x − y

1 1 1
+ = 2x2 + 3x − 20 x2 −16
18 14 h 3. ÷
1 1  1 8x + 8 4x2 2−12x −16
252h 18 + 252h 14 = 252h h
      2

  14     2x + 3x − 20 4x −12x −16
= 
h +18h = 252 8x + 8 x2 −16

32h = 252 (2x − 5)(x + 4) 4(x − 4)(x +1)

h  7.8 = 
8(x +1) (x + 4)(x − 4)
It will take about 8 hours for the two lines to
2x − 5
produce n treadmills. =
2
$350n + $22, 000
3. Cave = x+2 x
n 4. 2x + 6 + 2
$350n+$22,000 x −9
average cost per hour = n x+2 x −3 x 2
=  + 
8 2(x + 3) x − 3 (x + 3)(x − 3) 2
$350n + $22, 000
= 8 x2 − x − 6 + 2x
n =
$350n + $22, 000 1 2(x + 3)(x − 3)
= 
n 8 x2 + x − 6
=
$350n + $22, 000 2(x + 3)(x − 3)
=
8n (x + 3)(x − 2)
=
For 50 treadmills: 2(x + 3)(x − 3)

$350(50) + $22, 000 x−2

= $98.75 per hour =
8(50) 2(x − 3)
For 100 treadmills:
$350(100) + $22, 000 9x 3x −18 9x − (3x −18)
= $71.25 per hour 5. − =
8(100) x+3 x+3 x+3
6x +18
=
You Try It x+3

6(x + 3)
=
6x2 −12x − 90 6(x2 − 2x −15) 3x2 − 27 3(x2 − 9)
1. =
164 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

6(x − 5)(x + 3) x+3

=
3(x + 3)(x − 3) =6
2(x − 5)
=
x−3

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

x + 2 x(x+3)
+ 2( x−3)
( x−3)(x+3) (x+3)( x−3)
6. x−3 x+3
1 + 3
= 1( x+3)
+ 3
x−3 x2 −9 ( x+3)( x−3) ( x+3)( x−3)
x2 +3x+2x−6
(x+3)(x−3)
= x+3+3
( x+3)( x−3)
2
x + 5x − 6 (x + 3)(x − 3)
= 
(x + 3)(x − 3) x+6

(x + 6)(x −1) (x + 3)(x − 3)

= 
(x + 3)(x − 3) x+6
= x −1

5x 5
7. =
2
x −16 x+4
 5x   5 
(x + 4)(x − 4) = (x + 4)(x − 4)
   
 (x + 4)(x − 4)   x+4
5x = 5(x − 4)
5x = 5x − 20
0 = −20
There is no solution.

8. x = length of room
2 3
=
10.5 x
2  x = 10.5  3
2x = 31.5
x = 15.75
The room will be 15.75 ft long.

Chapter 6 Review Problems

bx bx x
1. = =
bx − by b(x − y) x − y

4x − 4y 4(x − y) 4
2. = =−
5y − 5x −5(x − y) 5

x3 − 4x2 x 2 (x − 4) x
3. = =
3 2
x − x − 12x x(x − 4)(x + 3) x + 3

2x2 + 7 x −15 2x2 +10x − 3x −15

4. =
25 − x2 25 − x2
2x(x + 5) − 3(x + 5)
=
(5 − x)(5 + x)
(2x − 3)(x + 5)
=
(5 − x)(5 + x)
166 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

=
2
x
−
3
5
−
x

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 167

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

2x2 − 2xy − 24y2 2(x2 − xy −12y2 ) 3xy2 +12y2 2xy + 8y

5. = 12. 

2x2 + 5xy − 3y2 2x2 + 5xy − 3y2 2x2 −11x + 5 8x2 + 2x − 3

2(x − 4y)(x + 3y) 3xy2 +12y2 8x2 + 2x − 3

= = 
(2x − y)(x + 3y) 2x2 −11x + 5 2xy + 8y
2(x − 4y) 3y2 (x + 4) (2x −1)(4x + 3)
= = 
2x − y (2x −1)(x − 5) 2y(x + 4)
3y(4x + 3)
2
=
4− y (2 + y)(2 − y) 2− y 2(x − 5)
6. = =

3y2 + 5y − 2 (3y −1)(y + 2) 3y −1

13. x2 − 5xy − 24y2 4x2 + 4xy − 24y2

5x3 −10x2 5x2 (x − 2) 2x2 − 2xy − 24y2 x2 −10xy +16y2
7. =

25x4 + 5x3 − 30x2 5x2(5x + 6)(x −1) (x − 8y)(x + 3y) 4(x + 3y)(x − 2y)
= 
x −2 2(x − 4y)(x + 3y) (x − 8y)(x − 2y)
=
(5x + 6)(x − 1) 2(x + 3y)
=
x − 4y
16x 2 − 4y2 4(2x + y)(2x − y)
8. =
4x − 2y 2(2x − y) 2x2 +10x + 2 3x − 3
14. 
= 2(2x + y) 8x − 8 2
4x + 20x + 4
= 4x + 2y 2(x2 + 5x +1) 3(x −1)
= 
8(x −1) 4(x2 + 5x +1)
2x2 + 6x x2 + 3x −18
9.  =
3
3x2 − 27 4x2 − 4x 16
2x(x + 3) (x + 6)(x − 3)
= 
3(x + 3)(x − 3) 4x(x −1) 6 2 6 3y 2 y+2
15. + =  + 
x+6 y+2 3y y + 2 3y 3y y + 2
=
6(x −1) 18y + 2(y + 2)
=
3y(y + 2)
10. y + 8y +16  y + 7y +12
2 2 18y + 2y + 4
=

5y2 + 20y 2y2 + 5y − 3 3y(y + 2)

y2 + 8y +16 2y2 + 5y − 3 20y + 4

=  =
3y(y + 2)
5y2 + 20y y2 + 7 y +12
(y + 4)(y + 4) (2y −1)(y + 3) 4(5y +1)
=
=  3y(y + 2)
5y(y + 4) (y + 4)(y + 3)

2y −1 2 1 3 x(x +1) 2 x 1 x +1
=
168 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations
5y 16. 3 + + =  +  + 
x +1 x 1 x(x +1) x +1 x x x +1
3x(x +1) + 2x + (x +1)
2 2 =
11. 6y +13y − 5  4y + 20y + 25 x(x +1)

9y2 + 3y 12y2 3x2 + 3x + 2x + x +1

2 =
6y +13y − 5 12y 2
x(x +1)
=  2
9y2 + 3y 4y + 20y + 25 3x2 + 6x +1

=
(3y −1)(2y + 5) 12y2 x(x +1)
= 

3y(3y +1) (2y + 5)(2y + 5)

4y(3y −1)
=
(3y +1)(2y + 5)

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 169

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

7 3 7 x −4 3 x+2 22. x + 4 − 1 = x + 4  2x − 1  x + 2
17. + =  + 
x+2 x−4 x +2 x −4 x−4 x+2 x+2 2x x + 2 2x 2x x + 2

7x − 28 3x + 6 2x2 + 8x x+2
= + = −
(x + 2)(x − 4) (x + 2)(x − 4) 2x(x + 2) 2x(x + 2)

7x − 28 + 3x + 6
= 2x2 + 8x − (x + 2)
(x + 2)(x − 4) =
2x(x + 2)
10x − 22
= 2x + 8x − x − 2
2
(x + 2)(x − 4) =
2(5x −11) 2x(x + 2)
=
(x + 2)(x − 4) 2x2 + 7x − 2
=
2x(x + 2)
2 x 2 x x −3
18. + = +  27 3

x2 − 9 x +3 (x + 3)(x − 3) x +3 x −3 23. x2 − 81 +
2 + x2 − 3x 2(x + 9)

= 27 2 3 x −9
(x + 3)(x − 3) =  + 
(x − 2)(x −1) (x + 9)(x − 9) 2 2(x + 9) x − 9
= 54 + 3x − 27
(x + 3)(x − 3) =
2(x + 9)(x − 9)
3x + 27
19. x + 3 + 1 =

y 2y y+2 2(x + 9)(x − 9)

x 2(y + 2) 3 y + 2 1 2y 3(x + 9)
=  +  +  =
y 2(y + 2) 2y y + 2 y + 2 2y 2(x + 9)(x − 9)

3
2x(y + 2) + 3y + 6 + 2y =
= 2(x − 9)
2y(y + 2)
2xy + 4x + 5y + 6
= 1 x
2y(y + 2) 24. −
x2 + 7 x +10 x +5

− x x+2
1
4 2 3 =
20. + + (x + 2)(x + 5) x + 5 x + 2
a 4 b ( a+b a(a + b) 3 ab 1− x2 − 2x

b a + b)
2
=  +  +  =
a b(a + b) b a(a + b) a + b ab (x + 2)(x + 5)

4ab + 4b2 2a2 + 2ab 3ab

= + + 4 2 4 2
ab(a + b) ab(a + b) ab(a + b) 25. 3y − y 3y − y 6y
= 
4ab + 4b2 + 2a2 + 2ab + 3ab 1 +1 1 +1 6y
170 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

= 2y y 2y y
ab(a + b) 4  6y − 2  6y
3y y
2a2 + 9ab + 4b2 =
= 1  6y + 1  6y
ab(a + b) 2y y

(2a + b)(a + 4b) 8 −12

= =
ab(a + b) 3+ 6
−4
=
3x +1 1 3x +1 1 3 9
21. − = − 
4
3x x 3x x 3 =−
3x +1− 3 9
=
3x
3x − 2
=
3x

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 171

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

5 + 1 5 + 1 4x 1 −1 a−(a+b)

a(a+b)
26.
x 2x = x 2x  31.
a+b a
=
x4 +
54 +4x1 + 1  4x
x x x 4x
b a −ba − b 1
= 
= x 2x
a(a + b) b
x  4x + 1x  4x
4 −b 1
20 + 2 = 
= a(a + b) b
1
x2 + 4x2 =−

=
22 a(a + b)
5x 2

2 −3 2 −3 b(a + b)
a
+b b = a+b b  b(a + b)
27. w − w4 w − w4 w 32.
a1 1
1+ 2 = 1+ 2 w +b 2 a+b
w w b − 3(a + b)
=
w2 − 4 b
= 2b − 3a − 3b
w+2 =
(w + 2)(w − 2) b
=
w+2 −3a − b or − 3a + b
=

= w−2 b b

1− w 1− w 1− w 8a −1 3
33. =
28. w−1 = w−1 = w−1 =1 6a + 8 4
1+ −( w 1) w 8a −1
1+ 1w 1− 3
−w w− w−1 =
2(3a + 4) 4
 8a −1  3
29. 1+ y21−1 1
1+ ( y+1)(y−1) (y +1)(y −1) 4(3a + 4) = 4(3a + 4)
= 
  4
1 − 1 1 − 1 (y +1)(y −1)  2(3a + 4)   
y+1 y−1 y+1 y−1 2(8a −1) = 3(3a + 4)

(y +1)(y −1) +1 16a − 2 = 9a +12

=
y −1− (y +1) 7a − 2 = 12
y2 −1+1 7a = 14
=
y −1− y −1 a=2

y2
= 8 12
−2 34. =
y2 a−3 a+3
=− 8 12
(a − 3)(a + 3) = (a − 3)(a + 3)
2 a−3 a+3
8(a + 3) = 12(a − 3)
1+ 1 1+ 1 8a + 24 = 12a − 36
30. y x+ y = y x + y  y(x + y) 60 = 4a

1+ x 2 1+ 2 y(x + y)
+y x+y
172 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

x+y+y 15 = a
=
y(x + y) + 2y 2x −1 1
35. − = −2
x + 2y  2x −1  x  1 2
= − 2x = −2(2x)
xy + y2 + 2y 2x
 x  2
x + 2y    
= 4x − 2 − x = −4x
y(x + y + 2)
7x = 2
2
x=
7

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 173

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

5 1 1
36. − +2 =
4 2x x
5 1  1
4x − 4x = 4x + 4x(2)
4   
     
2x 5x − 2x = 4 + 8x
−2 = 4 + 3x
−6 = 3x
−2 = x
7 3 1 1
37. − = +
8x 4 4x 2
 7  3  1  1
8x   − 8x   = 8x   + 8x  
8       x
7 − 46x = 2 + 4x
4x 2
7 = 2 +10x
5 = 10x
1
=x
2
3 3 y
38. = +
 3y − 3 2 y − 33
   y 
2(y − 3) = 2(y − 3) + 2(y − 3)
  2  
 y −3    y −3

6 = 3(y − 3) + 2y
6 = 3y − 9 + 2y
6 = 5y − 9
15 = 5y
3= y
Since y = 3 causes a denominator in the original equation to equal 0, there is no solution.

3x 2 =− 4
39. 2 −
x −4 x+2 x−2

3x 2 −4
(x + 2)(x − 2)  − (x + 2)(x − 2)  = (x + 2)(x − 2) 
(x + 2)(x − 2) x+2 x −2

3x − 2(x − 2) = −4(x + 2)
3x − 2x + 4 = −4x − 8
5x = −12
12 2
x=− or − 2 or − 2.4
5 5

3y −1 6 1 4
40. − = −

3y 5y y 15
3y −1  6  1  4 
15y 3y  −15y  = 15y  −15y  
5y y 15
       
5(3y −1) − 3(6) = 15 − 4y
174 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

15y − 5 −18 = 15 − 4y
19y = 38
y=2

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 175

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

y +18 y y
41. = −
y2 −16 y + 4 y − 4
y +18 y y
= −
(y + 4)(y − 4) y + 4 y − 4

y +18
(y + 4)(y − 4)  = (y + 4)(y − 4)  y
− (y + 4)(y − 4) 
y
(y + 4)(y − 4) y+4 y−4

y +18 = (y − 4)(y) − (y + 4)(y)

y +18 = y2 − 4y − y2 − 4y
y +18 = −8y
18 = −9y
−2 = y

4 2 2
42. = +
x2 −1 x −1 x +1

4 2 2
(x +1)(x −1)  = (x +1)(x −1)  + (x +1)(x −1) 
(x +1)(x −1) x −1 x +1

4 = (x +1)(2) + (x −1)(2)
4 = 2x + 2 + 2x − 2
4 = 4x
1= x
Since x = 1 causes a denominator in the original equation to equal 0, there is no solution.

3y +1 3 4
43. − =
y −1 y
y2 − y
3y +1 3 = y(y −1)  4
y(y −1)  − y(y −1) 
y(y −1) y −1 y

3y +1 3 y 4 y −1
−  = 
y(y −1) y −1 y y y −1

3y +1− 3y = 4(y −1)

3y +1− 3y = 4y − 4
−4y = −5
5 1
y = or 1 or 1.25
4 4
3 4 1
44. + =
y − 2 3y + 2 2 − y
3 4 1
(y − 2)(3y + 2)  + (y − 2)(3y + 2)  = (y − 2)(3y + 2) 
y−2 3y + 2 2− y
9y + 6 + 4y − 8 = −3y − 2
10y = 0
y=0

176 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

45. x 7 51. x = gallons to cover 400 square feet

=
4 10 x 5
=
x 10 = 4  7 400 240
10x = 28 240x = 2000
28 2000 1
x= x= =8
10 240 3
14 4 8.3 gallons of paint are needed.
x= = 2 = 2.8
5 5 3 5
8 2 52. =
46. = 100 x

5 x 3x = 5(100)
8 x = 52 3x = 500
8x = 10 3x 500
=
5 1 3 3
x = = 1.25 = 1 500 2
4 4 x= = 166
3 3
33 x She can make 167 cookies.
47. =
10 8
53. x = distance from Houston to Dallas
338 = 10  x
264 = 10x 4 1.5
=

132 2 640 x
26.4 = x or x = or 26 4x = 640 1.5
5 5
4x = 960
16 24 x = 240
48. = Distance from Houston to Dallas is 240 miles.
x 9
16  9 = x  24
T=D
144 = 24x 54. D R
R
6= x
180
Train 180 s + 20 s+20
13.5 360
49. = 120
Car 120 s s
0.6 x
13.5x = 0.6(360)
13.5x = 216
x = 16 180
=
120

s + 20 s
180s = 120s + 2400
2 12 7
50. = 60s = 2400
3 14 x s = 40
5 s + 20 = 60
7
2 = Car’s speed is 40 mph. Train’s speed is 60 mph.
13 x
4
5 91 5.75 x
x= 55. =
2 4 3 95
x=
91
or 9
1
or 9.1 (5.75)(95) = 3x
10 10 546.25 = 3x
546.25 3x
=
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 177
Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra
3
3
182.1 = x
The peak of the canyon
is 182 feet tall.

178 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

56. x = height of building 62. x 9x +18 x x 9x +18

+ =  +
x
=
8 x +3 x2 + 3x x+3 x x(x + 3)

450 3 x2 + 9x +18
3x = 3600 =
x = 1200 x(x + 3)

(x + 6)(x + 3)
The office building is 1200 feet tall. =
x(x + 3)
57. x = time in hours for both people to wash x+6
windows when working together =
x
1 1 1
+ =
1 4 6 x 63. x − 30 x x − 30 x x
+ = + 
1 1
12x  +12x  = 12x  x2 − 5x x −5 x(x − 5) x −5 x

4 6 x
x − 30 + x2
3x + 2x = 12 =
5x = 12 x(x − 5)
2
2 x + x − 30
x=2 =
5 x(x − 5)

2 (x + 6)(x − 5)
Working together it will take them 2 hours or =
5 x(x − 5)
x+6
2 hours, 24 minutes. =
x
58. x = time to plow together
b
1
+
1
=
1 64. a+b a+b a+b  − a+ b a
− = 
20 30 x ax + ay bx + by a(x + y) b b(x + y) a
 1   1  1 b(a + b) − a(a + b)
60x + 60x = 60x =
 20    
      ab(x + y)
30
3x + 2xx = 60
ab + b2 − a2 − ab
5x = 60 =
x = 12 ab(x + y)

Working together it will take them 12 hours. b2 − a2

=
ab(x + y)
2
59. a + 2a − 8 = (a + 4)(a − 2) = − a + 4 (b − a)(b + a)
=
2
6a − 3a 3
−3a (a − 2) 2
3a 2 ab(x + y)

4a3 + 20a2 4a2 (a + 5) 4a2 5 + 2 5 + 2 9x

60. 2a2 +13a + 15 = (2a + 3)(a + 5) = 2a + 3 65. 3x 9x = 3x 9x 
3+ 8 3 + 8 9x
x 3x x 3x
5(9x)
+ 2(9x)
x2 − y2 x2 + xy − 6y2 = 3x 9x
61. 2 2  2 2 3(9x) 8(9x)
+

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 179

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

x + 4xy + 3y x + xy − 2y x 3x

(x + y)(x − y) (x + 3y)(x − 2y) 15 + 2

=  =
(x + y)(x + 3y) (x + 2y)(x − y) 27 + 24
x − 2y 17
= =
x + 2y 51
1
=
3

180 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

4 4
4 −8 4 − 8 5y 70. 2+ =

5y y 5y y
66. =   b4 −1 b2 − b  4 
2b(b −1) + b(b −1) = b(b −1)
y+ 5y y+ 5y 5y
   


4(5 y)
− 8(5y) b −1 b(b −1)
5y y    
=
y(5y) + y(5y) 2b − 2b + 4b = 4
2
5
4 − 40 2b2 + 2b = 4
=
5y2 + y2 2b2 + 2b − 4 = 0
−36 2(b2 + b − 2) = 0
=
6y 2 2(b + 2)(b −1) = 0
6 b+2 =0 b −1 = 0
=− 2 b = −2 b =1
y
4 4
Check: 2 +
x − 3y  2 12  1−1 12 −1

67.   −  2+
4 4
x + 2y y x + 3y
0 0
x −3y
x+2y b = 1 does not check.
= Solution: b = −2
2
− 12
y x+3y
x −3y How Am I Doing? Chapter 6 Test
x+2y y(x + 2y)(x + 3y)
= 
2 − 12 y(x + 2y)(x + 3y) 2ac + 2ad 2a(c + d) 2
y x+3y
y(x − 3y)(x + 3y) 1. = =
= 3a2c + 3a2d 3a2 (c + d) 3a
2(x + 2y)(x + 3y) −12y(x + 2y)
y(x − 3y)(x + 3y) 8x2 − 2x2 y2 2x2 (2 − y)(2 + y) 2x2 (2 − y)
= 2. = =
2(x + 2y)[ x + 3y − 6y] y2 + 4y + 4 (y + 2)2 y+2
y(x − 3y)(x + 3y)
=

2(x + 2y)(x − 3y) x2 + 2x 10x2 − 5x x(x + 2) 5x(2x −1)

3.  = 
y(x + 3y) 2x −1 12x3 + 24x2 2x −1 12x 2 (x + 2)
=
2(x + 2y) 5
=
12
7 4
68. =

7( x + 2 x −4 x + 2y 4y x + 2y 4y
4.  = 
x − 4) = 4(x + 2)
12y2 x2 + xy − 2y2 12y2 (x + 2y)(x − y)
7 x − 28 = 4x + 8
3x = 36 = 1

x = 12 3y(x − y)

2x −1 5 2a2 − 3a − 2 a2 − 5a + 6
69. = 5. 
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 181
Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra
3x − 8 8 a2 + 5a + 6 a2 − 9
8(2x −1) = 5(3x − 8)
2a2 − 3a − 2 a2 − 9
16x − 8 = 15x − 40
x = −32 = + 5a + 6  2 − 5a + 6
a2 a
(2a +1)(a − 2) (a + 3)(a − 3)
= 
(a + 2)(a + 3) (a − 2)(a − 3)
2a +1
=
a+2

182 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

1 3 1 3 a +1 x −1 − 1 6xy x
6. + = + 
2
a −a−2 a−2 (a − 2)(a +1) a − 2 a +1 3y 2 3y 2 6xy
9. 4 −2 = 4 −2 

1+ 3(a +1) 3y x 3y x
= x  6xy − 1  6xy
(a − 2)(a +1) 3y 2
1+ 3a + 3 =
= 4  6xy − 2  6xy
(a − 2)(a +1) 3y x
3a + 4 2x2 − 3xy
= =
(a − 2)(a + 1) 8x −12y
x(2x − 3y)
=
x−y a−y x−y a a−y x 4(2x − 3y)
7. − =  − 
xy ay xy a ay x x
=
ax − ay − ax + xy 4
=
axy
xy − ay 6 −4
6 −4 3bx
= 
= 10. b b
axy
y(x − a)
5
− 10
bx 3x
5
bx
−10
3x
3bx

= 6(3bx)
− 4(3bx)
axy
x−a = 5(3bx)
b
− 10(3bx)
= bx 3x
ax 18x −12bx
=
3x x −4 15 −10b

− 6x(3 − 2b)
8. x2 =
− 3x −18 x − 6 5(3 − 2b)
3x x−4 6x
= − =
(x − 6)(x + 3) x −6 5
3x x −4 x +3
= − 

(x − 6)(x + 3) x −6 x +3 11. 2x2 + 3xy − 9y2 (2x − 3y)(x + 3y) 2x − 3y

= =
3x x2 − x −12 4x2 +13xy + 3y2 (4x + y)(x + 3y) 4x + y
= −
(x − 6)(x + 3) (x − 6)(x + 3)
3x − (x 2 − x −12) 1 2
= 12. −
(x − 6)(x + 3) x+4 x2 + 6x + 8

3x − x2 + x +12 =
1
−
2
=
(x − 6)(x + 3) x+4 (x + 4)(x + 2)

1 x+2 2
−x 2 + 4x +12 =  −
= (x − 6)(x + 3) x + 4 x + 2 (x + 4)(x + 2)

(x − 6)(x + 3)
−(x − 6)(x + 2) x+2
=
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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

x+2 (x + 4)(x + 2) (x + 4)(x + 2)

= − x+2−2
2 =
=− (x + 4)(x + 2)
x +3 x
=
(x + 4)(x + 2)

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 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

4 5 1
13. − = 5−
3x 2x 6x

 4   5   1 
6x − 6x = 6x(5) − 6x
3     x
     
−15 = 30x −1
8 2x 6x
−7 = 30x −1
−6 = 30x
−6
=x
30
1
− =x
5
− 5 1
( ) ( )
Check: 3 − 1
4 2 −1 5− 6 − 1
( )
5 5 5
20 25 5
− + 5+
3 2 6
40 75 30 5
− + +
6 6 6 6
35 35
=
6 6

x −3 2x 2 −15 x +1
14. = −
x−2 x2 + x − 6 x + 3
x −3 2x2 −15 x +1
= −

x−2 (x + 3)(x − 2) x +3
 x −3  2x2 −15   x +1 
(x − 2)(x + 3)  = (x − 2)(x + 3)   − (x − 2)(x + 3) 
x−2 (x + 3)(x − 2) x +3
     
(x + 3)(x − 3) = 2x2 −15 − (x − 2)(x +1)
x2 − 9 = 2x2 −15 − (x 2 − x − 2)
x2 − 9 = 2x2 −15 − x2 + x + 2
x2 − 9 = x2 + x −13
−9 = x −13
4=x
4 − 3 2(4)2 −15 4 +1
Check: −
4−2 42 + 4 − 6 4 + 3
1 17 5
−
2 14 7
7 17 10
−
14 14 14
7 7
=
14 14

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

15. 7 x−4 20. x = cost of wood for 92 days

3− =
x +3 x +3 x
=
100
 7   x−4
(x + 3)(3) − (x + 3) = (x + 3) 92 25


    25x = 9200
 x +3  x+3 
3x + 9 − 7 = x − 4 x = 368
2x = −6 It will cost $368.

x = −3
height 6 87
Since x = −3 causes a denominator in the original 21. : =
equation to equal 0, there is no solution. shadow 7 x

6x = 609
3 7 x = 101.5
16. = The rope bridge should be 102 feet long.
3x − 5 5x + 4
3(5x + 4) = 7(3x − 5)
Cumulative Test for Chapters 0−6
15x +12 = 21x − 35

12 = 6x − 35 5 1 5 −5  2 1 3 5
47 = 6x 1. − + + = + +
3 2 6 3 2 2  3 6
47
=x −10 + 3 + 5
=
6 6
3 7 −2
Check: =
( )
3 476 − 5 ( )
5 476 + 4 =−
61

3 7
111 259 3
6 6
18 42  1   1   9   21 
2.  −4  ÷  5  =  −  ÷  
111 259  2  4  2  4 
6 6  9  4 
= = −
37 37  2  21 
  
3 3 2  2
9 13 =−
17. = 2  3 7

x = 13x
45 5 6
=−
45 7
=x
13
3. 3a2 + ab − 4b2 = 3(5)2 + (5)(−1) − 4(−1)2
= 3(25) + (5)(−1) − 4(1)
9.3 x = 75 − 5 − 4
18. =
2.5 10 = 66
2.5x = 9.310
2.5x = 93 4. Difference = 7% − 6.5% = 0.5%
x = 37.2 Savings = 0.005(22,500) = $112.50
19. x = on-time flights 5. 5(x − 3) − 2(4 − 2x) = 7(x −1) − (x − 2)

x 113 150x = 113(200)

=
200 150 150x = 22, 600
186 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

x = 151 5x −15 − 8 + 4x = 7x − 7 − x + 2
151 flights can be expected to be on time. 9x − 23 = 6x − 5
3x − 23 = −5
3x = 18
x=6

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Beginning Algebra

6. A = r 2h 14. 0.00056 = 5.6 10−4

A r2h
= 15. (3x − 5)2 = (3x)2 − 2(3x)(5) + 52
r 2 r 2
A = 9x2 − 30x + 25
=h
r 2
16. x2 − 4 3x2 −14x − 5

7. 4(2 − x)  3 x2 − 25 3x2 + 6x
8 − 4x  3 (x + 2)(x − 2) (3x +1)(x − 5)
= 
−4x  −5 (x + 5)(x − 5) 3x(x + 2)
−4x −5 (x − 2)(3x +1)
 =
−4 −4 3x(x + 5)
5
x
x4 5 3 5 x −3 3 2(x + 2)
17. + =  + 
1.25
2x + 4 x −3 2(x + 2) x − 3 x − 3 2(x + 2)
5x −15 + 6x +12
=
2(x + 2)(x − 3)
8. Let x = the number.
11x − 3
3x +11 = 56 =
2(x + 2)(x − 3)
3x = 45
x = 15
x −3 x +2
The number is 15. 18. =
x x +3
9. Let w = the width. Then the length l = 2w − 3. x(x + 2) = (x − 3)(x + 3)
P = 2w + 2l x2 + 2x = x2 − 9
42 = 2w + 2(2w − 3) 2x = −9
42 = 2w + 4w − 6 9 1
x = − or − 4 or − 4.5
42 = 6w − 6

2 2
48 = 6w
8=w 3 +2 3+2
a2b2
2w − 3 = 2(8) − 3 = 16 − 3 = 13 19. a b = a b 
The width is 8 feet and the length is 13 feet. 5 − 2 5− 2
a2b2
a2 b2 a2 b2
3  a2b2 + 2  a2b2
10. Let x = her salary before the raise.
= a b
x + 0.04x = 43, 680 5  a2b2 − 2  a2b2
1.04x = 43, 680 a2 b2

x = 42, 000 3ab2 + 2a2b

=
Her salary was $42,000 before the raise. 5b2 − 2a2
ab(3b + 2a)
4 4 2 2 2 2 =
11. 16x − b = (4x ) − (b ) 5b2 − 2a2

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 ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

= (4x2 + b2 )(4x2 − b2 )
= (4x2 + b2 )[(2x)2 − b2 ]
12. = (4x2 + b2 )(2x + b)(2x − b)

8a3 − 38a2b −10ab2 = 2a(4a2 −19ab − 5b2 )

13. = 2a(4a + b)(a − 5b)

−16a3b−1 −4a3+2 4a5

−2 5
= =−
4a b b5+1 b6

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