Tugas Mandiri 7 (Statistical Inference for Two Samples)

1.

a. Formulate the hypotheses that can be used to determine whether the sample data
support the hypothesis that students show a higher population mean verbal score
on the SAT if their parents attained a higher level of education.
b. What is the point estimate of the difference between the means for the two
populations?
c. At α = 0.05, what is your conclusion?
Answer :
a. Define μ1 as the average score of SAT math scores for the students whose parents are
college graduate with bachelor’s degree.
Define μ2 as the average score of SAT math scores for the students whose parents are high
school graduate but do not have college degree.
The null hypothesis is defined as:
μ1 = μ2
Against the alternative hypothesis as:
μ1 > μ2
b. The point estimate of the difference between the means for the populations is the
difference between the mean for the two samples. The point estimate can be computed by
following below :
1. Enter data in minitab worksheet as shown below:
2. Go to start > basic statistics > 2-sample t test as shown below:

3. Fill dialog box as shown in the screenshot:

4. Click on “options” to fill confidence interva; and altenative hypothesis:

5. Click OK to get output as shown below:

From the above data, the point estimate for x 1 (college grade) is 525 and x 2 (high school
grade) is 487. The difference between the mean for the two samples is 38.
c. From the output obtained in part b, the p-values is 0.044 smaller than level of significance
(0.05). theefore, the researcher will reject the null hypothesis andi t can conclude that
student whose parent had attained a higher level of education would on average score
higher on the SAT.

2. A market research firm used a sample of individuals to rate the purchase potential of a
particular product before and after the individuals saw a new television commercial about
the product. The purchase potential ratings were based on a 0 to 10 scale, with higher
values indicating a higher purchase potential. The null hypothesis stated that the mean
rating “after” would be less than or equal to the mean rating “before.” Rejection of this
hypothesis would show that the commercial improved the mean purchase potential rating.
Use α = 0.05 and the following data to test the hypothesis and comment on the value of
the commercial.

Answer :
The third column contains the difference value d1 for each element in the sample.

After before Difference (d1) (d1 - d )2

6 5 1 0.140625
6 4 2 1.890625
7 7 0 0.390625
4 3 1 0.140625
3 5 -2 6.890625
9 8 1 0.140625
7 5 2 1.890625
6 6 0 0.390625
∑ d=5 n

∑ ( d 1 - d )2 =11.875
i=1
The sample mean for the difference values is given by:

d =
∑d
n
5
=
8
= 0.625
The sample standard deviation for the difference values is:
 √
n

Sd = ∑ (d 1−d )2
i=1
n−1
=
√ 11.875
8-1
= 1.3025
The null hypothesis stated is that the mean “after” would be less than or equal to the
mean rating “before”. So the null and alternative hypothesis are:
H a : μd ≤ 0
H a : μd > 0
Test statistic for hypothesis test involving matched samples is given by:
d−μ d
T = sd
√n
0.625−0
=
1.3025/ √ 8
= 1.3572
Degrees of freedom = n -1
= 8-1
=7
Using t-distribution table, for 7 degrees of freedom, t = 1.3572 is between 0.896 and 1.415.
so the area under the curve to the right of t = 13572 is between 0.20 and 0.10.
So p-value lies in the interval (0.10, 0.20).
For the right tailed test, the exact p-value = 0.1080 (using excel function)
We use the level of significance a = 0.05 for this test. We fail to reject H 0 at 5% level of
significance since our p-value is greater than the level of significance. Hence, on the basis
of the sample data, we cannot conclude that the commercial improved the mean purchase
potential rating.