New Era University

College of Engineering and Architecture

AY 2022 – 2023 Second Semester

ARC315 – 18 Research Methods for Architecture

Assignment 4

Juan, Dan Czar T. Ar. Frances Joy S. Francisco

3AR-2 TH 6:00PM – 9:00PM April 15, 2023

1. Find about the Format of Research Paper. Give its outline and descriptions.
Source: https://psychology.ucsd.edu/undergraduate-program/undergraduate-resources/academic-writing-resources/writing-research-
papers/research-paper-structure.html

a. Title Page
 What is this paper called and who wrote it? – the first page of the
paper; this includes the name of the paper, a “running head”,
authors, and institutional affiliation of the authors. The
institutional affiliation is usually listed in an Author Note that is
placed towards the bottom of the title page. In some cases, the
Author Note also contains an acknowledgment of any funding
support and of any individuals that assisted with the research
project.

b. Abstract
 One-paragraph summary of the entire study – typically no more
than 250 words in length (and in many cases it is well shorter than
that), the Abstract provides an overview of the study.

c. Introduction
 What is the topic and why is it worth studying? – the first major
section of text in the paper, the Introduction commonly describes
the topic under investigation, summarizes or discusses relevant
prior research, identifies unresolved issues that the current
research will address, and provides an overview of the research
that is to be described in greater detail in the sections to follow.

d. Methods
 What did you do? – a section which details how the research was
performed. It typically features a description of the
participants/subjects that were involved, the study design, the

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 materials that were used, and the study procedure. If there were
multiple experiments, then each experiment may require a
separate Methods section. A rule of thumb is that the Methods
section should be sufficiently detailed for another researcher to
duplicate your research.

e. Results
 What did you find? – a section which describes the data that was
collected and the results of any statistical tests that were
performed. It may also be prefaced by a description of the
analysis procedure that was used. If there were multiple
experiments, then each experiment may require a separate
Results section.

f. Discussion
 What is the significance of your results? – the final major section of
text in the paper. The Discussion commonly features a summary
of the results that were obtained in the study, describes how
those results address the topic under investigation and/or the
issues that the research was designed to address, and may
expand upon the implications of those findings. Limitations and
directions for future research are also commonly addressed.

g. References
 List of articles and any books cited – an alphabetized list of the
sources that are cited in the paper (by last name of the first author
of each source). Each reference should follow specific APA
guidelines regarding author names, dates, article titles, journal
titles, journal volume numbers, page numbers, book publishers,
publisher locations, websites, and so on.

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 h. Tables and Figures
 Graphs and data (optional in some cases) – depending on the type
of research being performed, there may be Tables and/or Figures
(however, in some cases, there may be neither). In APA style,
each Table and each Figure is placed on a separate page and all
Tables and Figures are included after the References. Tables are
included first, followed by Figures. However, for some journals
and undergraduate research papers (such as the B.S. Research
Paper or Honors Thesis), Tables and Figures may be embedded
in the text (depending on the instructor’s or editor’s policies.

i. Appendix
 Supplementary information (optional) – in some cases, additional
information that is not critical to understanding the research
paper, such as a list of experiment stimuli, details of a secondary
analysis, or programming code, is provided. This is often placed
in an Appendix.

2. Define and describe the following:

a. Title Source: https://library.sacredheart.edu/

 The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A good
title contains the fewest possible words that adequately describe
the contents and/or purpose of your research paper.

b. Outline Source: https://www.grammarly.com/blog/research-paper-outline

 A research paper outline is a supporting document that lists all the
topics to include in a paper in the intended order, usually divided

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 by paragraphs. The typical outline of a research paper also
consists of other details like subtopics and evidential sources to
help the writer stay organized. Some even have individual
sentence topics and early ideas for phrasing.

c. Introduction Source: https://www.sjsu.edu/writingcenter/docs/handouts/Introduction

 The introduction is an important and challenging part of any
research paper as it establishes your writing style, the quality of
your research, and your credibility as a scholar. It is your first
chance to make a good impression on your reader. The
introduction gives the reader background and context to convey
the importance of your research. It should begin by broadly
introducing your topic, then narrowing to your focused research
question or hypothesis.

d. Main Body Source: https://learn.solent.ac.uk/mod/book/view.php

 The main body of your paper is where you do the work. It is where
you give your argument, provide your evidence or describe your
research and findings.

e. Conclusion Source: https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php

 The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why
your research should matter to them after they have finished
reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of your
points or a re-statement of your research problem but a synthesis
of key points.

f. Bibliography Source: https://www.umgc.edu/

 A bibliography is a list of books and other source material that you
have used in preparing a research paper. Sometimes these lists

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 will include works that you consulted but did not cite specifically in
your assignment.

g. References Source: https://researcher.life/blog/article/

 A reference is a detailed description of the source of information
that you want to give credit to via a citation. The references in
research papers are usually in the form of a list at the end of the
paper.

h. Footnotes Source: https://necc.mass.libguides.com/formatting/footnotes

 Footnotes are short numbered notes that are placed at the bottom
of the page in an essay or article. They are used for a variety of
reasons including, citing materials, providing notes on a source or
topic, and to acknowledge copyright status.

3. How to document a source? Identify and describe the different

Documentation style used in Research.
a. APA (American Psychological Association) Source: https://sunypoly.edu/
 APA Documentation Style is a method for listing the sources you
use so that your readers can identify and find those sources. It is
commonly used in the social sciences, for example, business,
history, psychology and sociology.
 Cite entire works within your paper with parenthetical author-date
references (Foster, 2003), but if you are using direct quotations
with quotation marks then use author-date page number
references (Foster, 2003, p. 311). These citations will correspond
to sources listed alphabetically by author at the end of your paper
in a References section. Sources without an author are listed by
their title.

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b. MLA (Modern Language Association) Source: https://www.hunter.cuny.edu/
 MLA style is a system for documenting sources in scholarly
writing, primarily in the liberal art sand humanities, recommended
by the Modern Language Association (MLA). In MLA
documentation style, you acknowledge your sources by using
parenthetical citations in your text that correspond to an
alphabetical list of works that appears at the end of your research
paper. The list titled “Works Cited” identifies the sources you used
in your research. Each entry in the list of works cited is made up
of core elements given in a specific order. Note that a citation in
MLA style contains only enough information to enable readers to
find the source in the list of works cited.

c. Chicago/Turabian Source: https://library.guilford.edu/

 Chicago uses a number in parentheses followed by a period, a
space and then the source information (1. Chicago Manual of
Style). Turabian utilizes superscript¹ in the text of the paper and in
the footnotes. The superscript number is followed by the source
information (¹Turabian Style).

 Like Chicago Style, Turabian utilizes different citation systems

(Author-Date or Notes-Bibliography) and you should check your
assignment instructions to determine which system your instructor
wants you to utilize. For a paper written for the humanities you
will most likely utilize Notes-Bibliography and for most other
disciplines (particularly the sciences) you would typically use the
Author-Date system.

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4. Pick 3 of your favorite books. Write down how each Bibliography and
Footnote is written.
a. The Art of War by Sun Tzu
 In MLA 9th edition, it is written in full citation as: Tzu, Sun. The
Art of War. Capstone Publishing, 2010.
 In APA 7th edition, Tzu, S. (2010). The art of war. Capstone
Publishing.
 In Chicago (notes-bibliography), 17th edition, Tzu, Sun. The Art
of War. Chichester, England: Capstone Publishing, 2010.

b. The 48 Laws of Power by Robert Greene

 Greene, Robert. "The 48 laws of power." New York : Penguin
Books, 2000.

c. The 33 Strategies of War by Robert Greene

 In MLA Citation 9th edition, Greene, Robert. The 33 Strategies
of War Penguin Books, 2007.
 In APA Citation, 7th edition, Greene, R. (2007). The 33
strategies of war. Penguin Books.’
 In Chicago / Turabian - Author Date Citation, 17th edition,
Greene, Robert. 2007. The 33 Strategies of War. New York, New
York: Penguin Books.
 In Chicago / Turabian - Humanities (Notes and Bibliography)
Citation, 17th edition, Greene, Robert. The 33 Strategies of War
New York, New York: Penguin Books, 2007.