IDEAL ENGLISH SCHOOL, RAK.

Vision: To achieve academic excellence through an inclusive education and to develop our students
into versatile, competent and lifelong learners & responsible global citizens.

Class : VIII Lesson 10 FORCE AND FRICTION

Learning Objectives:
Student will be able to
 Define what is force
 Classify the types of force
 Describe Friction
 Identify the motion of objects in fluids
 Classify the advantage and disadvantage of friction
Identify the methods of reducing friction

New words
forces,Non contact force,Gravitational Force, Electrostastic Force,Magnetic
force,Contact force, Friction

Answer the following.

1. Give an example of one contact force.
Ans. Friction.
2.What is the SI unit of force?
Ans: Newton
3.Give an example of one non contact force.
Ans: Gravitational force.
4.Give two advantage of friction.
Ans:Friction helps us to walk & write.

Define the following

1. Applied force:
The force that we apply with our hands ,legs, fingers etc are
collectively called applied forces.
2.Static friction:
The force of friction that holds a stationary object from slipping is called static
friction.
3.Rolling friction:
The frictional force offered when rolling an object is called rolling friction.
4.Sliding friction
The frictional force offered when sliding an object is called sliding friction.
5.Wear and tear
Damage caused to objects as a result of normal use.

Short answer type questions

1. What is the dominant force that acts between two electrically charged object
called?
Ans: Electrostatic force.

2. Write down two factors on which the magnitude of frictional force between two
surfaces depends.
 Ans: Mass of the objects
The nature of the surfaces in contact

3. How can we change the shape of an object.?Give an example.

Ans:We can change the shape of an object by applying force on the object.
While making chapattis , we can change the shape of the dough by applying force
with our hands.

4. Give one condition necessary for frictional force to act.

Ans:Direct physical contact between the two surfaces.

5.Why is friction a disadvantage?

Friction causes wastage of energy and fuel in machinery and automobiles. It
also causes wear and tear of the moving parts
.
6.Why are oils and grease used in machinery?
Oils and grease are used in machinery to reduce the friction between the
moving parts.
Long answer type questions
1. Discuss the effects of force.

Ans:Force can make a stationary object move or make a moving object move
faster. It can slow down or completely stop a moving object.It can change
the direction of a moving object.It can change the shape or size of an object.

2.Describe an activity to show that the force of friction between two surfaces
depends on the nature of the two surfaces in contact.

Ans: Make a stack of books and with the help of a thread wrap a plastic
sheet around it and attach a spring balance to the stack. Pull the stack using
spring balance. Note the reading on the spring balance.Do the same using
different materials like plastic sheet , nylon cloth , jute cloth & sandpaper .
Note down the reading in each case.Then you will notice that different
materials offer different amount of resistance (friction) to sliding. Thisshows,
,the force of friction depends on the nature of two surfaces in contact.The
reading on the spring balance will be higher for rougher surfaces .

3.What is streamlined shape?Explain and give two examples.

Ans;The special shape given to objects to reduce friction is called

steamlined shape.
In automobiles , ships & aeroplanes ,streamlined shape is given to
reduce the drag .

4.Descibe how friction can be reduced . In what way will it help if friction is reduced?

Ans: Friction between moving parts in machines is usually reduced by

introducing substance between the moving surface. This process is called lubrication
and the substance introduced is called lubricant. Common lubricants are oil and
grease.It helps to reduce the wear and tear due to friction in moving parts of
automobiles and machinery.

5.How can we increase friction between two surfaces?

 Ans:There are two methods of increasing friction . One is by making the surface
rough& the other by increasing the mass of the object that is moving.For example ,
the tyres of vehicles have threads which increase the friction between the tyre and the
road.Similarly ,the soles of shoes have grooves or spikes in order to increase
friction.Gymnasts often apply a coarse material on their hands to get a better grip by
increasing friction.

ASSET / CAT 4:
1.A bowler slides a bowling ball on the lane to hit the wickets.Which effect of force is
caused on the bowling ball by the exertion of force?
(a) Stop a moving car
(b)Change the direction of a movement
(c)Change the speed of moving object
(d)Change the shape of ball
ANS: C
2.What is the use of ball bearings in machinery?
(a) To increase grip
(b) To increase drag
(c) To reduce friction
(d) To give a streamlined shape
ANS: C
3.Which force is used to make the earth move around the sun?
(a)Muscular force
(b)Frictional force
(c)Gravitational force
(d) Electrostatic force
ANS: C

4.Assertion: Aero planes are given streamlining to increase the speed of vehicles.
Reason: Air Friction decreases due to streamlining.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true .Reason is the correct explanation of
assertion
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true.Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion
(c) Assertion is true and reason is false
(d)Both Assertion and Reason are false
ANS: A
COMPETEENCY BASED QUESTIONS
1. Weight of an object on moon will be 1/6 th of its weight on earth. Why?
Ans: The gravutational force on moon is about 1/6 th that of the
earth.
2. Why do we add lubricants between the moving parts in automobiles and
machinery?
Ans : To reduce friction between the moving parts.
3. Why can’t we feel the presence of gravitational force in daily life?
Ans: Gravitational force is very small and we can feel it only if an
object is very massive.
4. Why do we fall when we step on a banana peel?
Ans : In this case the friction between our feet and babana peel
is less.This leads us to slip.
Cross – Curricular Links:

 Mathematical vector addition for addition of forces - Numerical link

 Use of magnetic compass for navigation-Geographic Link

Power Point Presentation of the data to understand its significance- ICT Link
Real life Application / Experiential Learning:
List the real life situations where friction plays an important rule.
Assignment: Collect the pictures of mud relief art.
Learning Outcomes:

Students are able to

Define force and discuss its effects.

Identify and describe different types of contact and non contact forces that exist
in nature.

Identify the use of friction in daily life.