ASSINGMENT-2

1.What are the 5 basic functions perform by a

computer system?
Ans:
A computer system performs several fundamental
functions to process data and execute tasks. Here are
five basic functions that a computer system typically
performs:
 Input: The computer system accepts data and
instructions from external sources, such as users
through input devices like keyboards, mice, and
touchscreens. This data can include text, numbers,
images, and other forms of information.

 Processing: The computer system processes the

input data using the Central Processing Unit (CPU),
which includes operations performed by the
control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Processing
involves executing instructions, performing
calculations, making decisions, and transforming
data.
 Storage: Processed and unprocessed data, as well
as programs and applications, are stored in various
types of storage devices such as hard drives, solid-
state drives, and memory. Storage ensures data is
accessible for future use.

 Output: The computer system presents the results

of processing as output, which can be in the form
of text, images, sounds, or any other format.
Output devices like monitors, printers, speakers,
and screens deliver the processed information to
users.

 Control: The computer system manages and

coordinates the various operations of hardware
components, including input, processing, and
output. This control ensures that tasks are
executed in a systematic and organized manner,
following the instructions provided by software.
 2.Draw a block diagram to basic organisation of a
computer system and explain function of
various units.
Ans:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER

SECONDERY
STORAGE

IN PUT OUT PUT

DATA PRIMARY INFORMATION
UNIT UNIT
STORAGE

CONTROL UNIT
(CU)

ARITHMETICAL
AND LOGICAL
UNIT
3.How many types of storage a computer
normally uses? Justify need for each storage
type.
Ans: A computer typically uses three main types of
storage: primary storage (memory), secondary storage
(long-term storage), and tertiary storage (offline
storage).

 Primary Storage (Memory):

Primary storage, which includes Random Access
Memory (RAM) and cache memory, is essential for a
computer's immediate data processing needs. RAM
stores data and instructions that the CPU actively
uses during program execution. Cache memory
provides quick access to frequently used data,
reducing the time the CPU spends waiting for
information from slower storage.

 Secondary Storage (Long-term Storage):

Secondary storage, such as Hard Disk Drives (HDDs),
Solid State Drives (SSDs), USB flash drives, and
optical discs, is used for long-term data retention
even when the computer is powered off. It provides
a cost-effective and reliable way to store large
amounts of data, including the operating system,
 software applications, files, and media. Unlike
primary storage, secondary storage is non-volatile,
ensuring data preservation between power cycles.

 Tertiary Storage (Offline Storage):

Tertiary storage includes backup devices, such as
tape drives and external hard drives, which are used
to create secure offline backups of important data.
These backups serve as a safeguard against data loss
due to hardware failures, viruses, or accidental
deletions. Storing data offline protects it from
cyberattacks and reduces the risk of data corruption,
providing an extra layer of data protection.

4.What are the two main components of CPU of a

computer system list the main functions of each
component.
Ans: The two main components of the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer system are:

 Control Unit (CU):

 Main Function: The control unit is responsible for

coordinating and controlling the operations of the
CPU.
 Functions:
a. Fetching: It retrieves instructions and data from
the computer's memory.
b. Decoding: The control unit interprets and decodes
the instructions fetched from memory,
determining the required operations.
c. Executing: It executes the instructions by
coordinating with other CPU components.
d. Controlling: The control unit manages the flow of
data and instructions within the CPU and between
the CPU and other parts of the computer system.
e. Providing Timing Signals: It generates timing
signals that synchronize the various operations of
the CPU.

 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):

 Main Function: The ALU is responsible for

performing arithmetic operations (addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division) and logical
operations (AND, OR, NOT) on data.
 Functions:
a. Arithmetic Operations: The ALU performs basic
arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division on numeric data.
b. Logical Operations: It executes logical operations
such as AND, OR, NOT on binary data, used in
decision-making and conditional execution of
instructions.
c. Bit Manipulation: The ALU can manipulate
individual bits within data, enabling bitwise
operations.