Community Nutrition in Action An Entrepreneurial Approach 7th Edition Boyle Test Bank Download

Chapter 06 - The Art and Science of Policy Making
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Entrepreneurial Approach 7th Edition by Boyle ISBN 1305637992
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True / False
1. Before a problem can be addressed, a majority of people must be convinced that it is a public as opposed to a private
issue.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Process of Policymaking
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CNIA.BOYL.17.6.1 - Describe the policy-making process.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
2. Using the Internet and other media sources is an appropriate method of building community awareness of an issue.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. The purpose of policy termination is to determine whether a program is achieving its stated goals and reaching its
intended audience.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
4. Evaluation of a public policy should only occur after the policy has been terminated.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
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5. A community nutritionist will enforce policy decisions in his or her practice.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Introduction
The Process of Policymaking
6. In the U.S., the steps followed by a bill that originates in the House are significantly different than those of a bill
originating in the Senate.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Legislative and Regulatory Process
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CNIA.BOYL.17.6.2 - Explain how laws and regulations are developed.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
7. While Congress sets the policy, the enforcing agencies, such as the USDA and DHHS, are responsible for interpreting
the law and providing detailed rules that put the policy into place.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
8. For entitlement programs, Congress provides whatever money is required from year to year to maintain benefits for
eligible people.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
9. Before money can be released to a program, an appropriation bill must be passed.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Federal Budget Process
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CNIA.BOYL.17.6.3 - Describe the federal budget process.
10. Medical nutrition therapy is a service provided by a registered dietitian that includes counseling, nutrition support, and
nutrition assessment and screening to improve people’s health and quality of life.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Political Process
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CNIA.BOYL.17.6.4 - Identify emerging policy issues in the food and nutrition
arena.
11. Licensure is a state regulatory action that establishes and enforces minimum competency standards for individuals
working in regulated professions, such as dietetics.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
arena.
12. All states have state licensure laws for practicing dietitians.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
arena.
13. Currently, food safety efforts are consolidated into one independent agency.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
arena.
14. A functional food is one that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
arena.
15. In the grassroots pyramid, there are more power players than fence sitters.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Community Nutritionist in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CNIA.BOYL.17.6.5 - Communicate with elected officials.
16. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has a PAC that has the legal authority to raise funds to support a given
presidential candidate.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CNIA.BOYL.17.6.6 - Identify different strategies for influencing policy and
regulatory changes.
17. Bread for the World is an example of a trade association interest group.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
regulatory changes.
18. Lobbying is an ineffective method of communicating with elected officials.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
regulatory changes.
19. E-mailing your legislators can be an effective way to communicate with them.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
20. As a community nutritionist, you will find that only national policy issues directly affect your work and the services
you deliver.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Multiple Choice
21. The first step in the policy cycle is ____.

a. the formulation of alternatives
b. policy implementation
c. the problem definition and agenda setting
d. policy adoption
ANSWER: c
22. _____ is the process in which people concerned about an issue work to bring the issue to the attention of government
officials.
a. Agenda setting
b. Formulation of alternatives
c. Policy making
d. Policy adoption
ANSWER: a
23. Which is typically the most creative phase of the policy-making process?
a. formulation of alternatives
b. policy adoption
c. policy termination
d. problem definition and agenda setting
ANSWER: a
24. In the United States, an issue must win support from the ____ in order to get onto the institutional agenda.
a. executive branch
b. judicial branch
c. Senate
d. so-called iron triangles
ANSWER: d

25. In which phase of the policy-making process are tools/instruments for dealing with the problem typically chosen?
a. formulation of alternatives
b. policy adoption
c. policy termination
d. problem definition and agenda setting
ANSWER: b
26. Which two agencies are responsible for most nutrition programs at the federal level?
a. USDA and FDA
b. DHHS and USDA
c. DHHS and NIH
d. NIH and FDA
ANSWER: b
27. The overall mission of the Department of Health and Human Services is to _____.
a. reduce hunger in America and in other parts of the world
b. support the production of agriculture
c. ensure a safe, affordable, nutritious, and accessible food supply
d. protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services
ANSWER: d
28. The Food and Drug Administration is an agency of the ____.

a. National Institutes of Health
b. Food and Nutrition Service
c. Department of Health and Human Services
d. Department of Agriculture
ANSWER: c
29. Which agency houses 27 separate institutes and centers?

a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

b. Food and Drug Administration
c. National Institutes of Health
d. Food and Nutrition Service
ANSWER: c
30. The USDA agency responsible for administering the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is the ____.
a. Food Safety and Inspection Service
b. Health Resources and Services Administration
c. National Institutes of Health
ANSWER: d
31. The ____ houses the ____, the agency that oversees research related to nutrient needs, food trends, composition of the
diet, nutrient interactions, and bioavailability of nutrients.
a. Department of Health and Human Services; Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
b. U.S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service
c. National Academy of Sciences; National Institute of Food and Agriculture
d. Food and Drug Administration; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
ANSWER: b
32. A street-level bureaucrat, such as a ____, makes daily policy decisions by interpreting government laws and regulating
citizens.
a. federal Congressman
b. schoolteacher
c. food inspector
d. state Senator
ANSWER: b
33. Rules for day-to-day operation that are established so that laws can be carried out are called ____.
a. legislation
b. bills
c. appropriations
d. regulations
ANSWER: d
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
34. The new rules of day-to-day operations necessary to carry out laws are published in the weekly ____.
a. Federal Register
b. Catalog of Federal Assistance
c. Congressional Journal
d. Congressional Record
ANSWER: a
35. After a bill is introduced in either body of Congress, the bill is sent ____.
a. to the President
b. from the House to the Senate or vice versa
c. to a committee
d. to the systemic agenda
ANSWER: c
36. After a bill has been introduced in Congress, the bill is published in the ____.
a. Federal Register
b. Code of Federal Regulations
c. White House Journal
d. Congressional Record
ANSWER: d
37. Once a bill has been sent from the Congress to the president, the president may ____.
a. sign it into law, at which point it becomes an act
b. veto it, which means it cannot become law
c. send it back with changes to conference committee
d. edit it, at which point it becomes a federal mandate
ANSWER: a

38. The bill authorizing the WIC supplemental feeding program became Public Law 92-433. The numbers 92-433 stand
for ____.
a. bill number 433, approved by a margin of 92
b. bill number 92, enacted by the 433rd Congress
c. bill number 433, enacted by the 92nd Congress
d. bill number 92, approved by 433 votes
ANSWER: c
39. Medical nutrition therapy for ____ is currently reimbursed by Medicare.

a. hypertension
b. obesity
c. diabetes
d. pre-diabetes
ANSWER: c
arena.
40. What is the most important time for constituent involvement in the legislative process?
a. bill introduction
b. committee stage
c. floor stage
d. subcommittee stage
ANSWER: d
41. In the federal budget process, the amounts of money that government agencies are allowed to spend in implementing
their programs are called ____.
a. budget revenue
b. budget outlays
c. budget authority
d. entitlements
ANSWER: c

42. The president submits a budget proposal to Congress in ____.
a. late January or early February
b. March or April
c. mid to late June
d. September or October
ANSWER: a
43. Which program is an example of discretionary spending within the federal budget?
a. Social Security benefits
b. Medicare benefits
c. agricultural subsidies
d. funding for elderly nutrition programs
ANSWER: d
44. A(n) ____ defines the scope of a program and sets a maximum or ceiling on how much money can be spent on it.
a. appropriation
b. authorization
c. budget overlay
d. budget authority
ANSWER: b
45. In the House of Representatives, which committee has jurisdiction over revenue bills?
a. Executive Committee
b. Economic Development Committee
c. Ways and Means Committee
d. Economic Stimulus Committee
ANSWER: c
46. One of the three priority public policy areas for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is
a. state licensure requirements
b. lifecycle nutrition
c. repeal of the MNT Act of 1997
d. insurance reimbursements
ANSWER: b
arena.
47. Which federal agency is responsible for tracking food borne diseases?
a. Environmental Protection Agency
b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
c. Federal Trade Commission
ANSWER: b
arena.
48. _____ involves talking to public officials and legislators to persuade them to consider information you provide on an
issue you believe is important.
a. Policy making
b. Lobbying
c. PACs
d. Coalition building
ANSWER: b
CNIA.BOYL.17.6.6 - Identify different strategies for influencing policy and
regulatory changes.
49. Which approach to communicating with elected officials is most likely to be effective?
a. writing a multi-page letter referencing global examples for a local problem
b. sending an e-mail outlining your position with factual support
c. calling their offices and insisting on speaking directly to them
d. sending a letter addressed “To Whom It May Concern”
ANSWER: b
regulatory changes.
50. When issuing a press release to the media, it is best to ____.

a. speak ‘off-the-cuff’ about the issue
b. keep the content of the release brief
c. begin with a vague call for action
d. require the press to do their own fact-checking

ANSWER: b
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CNIA.BOYL.17.6.7 - Communicate effectively when working with the media.
51. The ____ gives the ____ power to require that supplement makers follow “good manufacturing practices”.
a. DSHEA; USDA
b. MNT; USDA
c. DSHEA; FDA
d. MNT; CDC
ANSWER: c
arena.
52. ____ are an effective tool for nutrition practitioners to become involved at the state and local level in policies that
advance public health.
a. Advertising campaigns
b. Political action committees
c. Trade associations
d. Food policy councils
ANSWER: d
arena.
53. A ____ resolves differences in the appropriations bills passed by the two houses of Congress.
a. compromise agreement
b. reconciliation bill
c. caucus bill
d. continuing resolution
ANSWER: b
54. UNICEF has decried the ‘silent emergency’ of ____ is an ongoing issue within developed and developing countries.
a. adult malnutrition
b. contaminated health supplements
c. child malnutrition
d. obesity
ANSWER: c
arena.
55. The process of putting a policy into action is called ____.

a. problem setting
b. adoption
c. implementation
d. termination
ANSWER: c
Matching
Match the term in the right column with its definition in the left column. Options will be used only once.
a. banner carriers
b. critics
c. fence sitters
d. party people
e. power players
f. willing workers
56. They are “in the know” and understand the political system.
ANSWER: e
57. They have strong party allegiance and know their party members.
ANSWER: d
58. They will work diligently to get a task completed.

ANSWER: f
59. They feel strongly about an issue, but prefer to talk rather than do anything about it.
ANSWER: a
60. They aren’t happy with the way things are, but aren’t willing to do anything about it.
ANSWER: b
61. They seldom get involved, but can be motivated on a specific issue.
ANSWER: c
a. policy agenda
b. appropriation
c. budget authority
d. budget outlays
e. institutional agenda
f. problem
62. significant gap between current reality and the desired state of affairs
ANSWER: f
63. set of problems to which policy makers give their attention

ANSWER: a
64. issues that are the subject of public policy

ANSWER: e
65. amounts that government agencies are allowed to spend in implementing their programs
ANSWER: c
66. amounts actually paid out by government agencies

ANSWER: d
67. authority to spend money

ANSWER: b
Match the agency in the left column with the department to which it belongs listed in the right column. The same letter
may be used more than once.
a. USDA
b. DHHS
68. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

ANSWER: b
69. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

ANSWER: b
70. Food and Nutrition Service

ANSWER: a
71. Food Safety and Inspection Service

ANSWER: a

72. National Institutes of Health
ANSWER: b
73. Administration on Aging

ANSWER: b
74. Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion

ANSWER: a
75. Public Health Service

ANSWER: b
a. complementary and alternative medicine
b. dietary and herbal supplements
c. nutraceutical
d. state licensure laws
e. biotechnology
arena.
76. Method to ensure individuals disseminating nutrition advice have the appropriate education and experience
ANSWER: d
77. Adjunct to Western medicine with a less invasive approach.

ANSWER: a
78. Food products created by new scientific developments

ANSWER: c
79. Goals include improving the nutritional quality and harvest yield of food crops.
ANSWER: e
80. Products are under no obligation to meet any standards of effectiveness or safety.
ANSWER: b
Essay
81. Describe the process through which issues are placed on the policy agenda.
ANSWER: The first step is to build widespread public interest in the issue that deserves government
attention. One of the most effective ways to build public interest and support for an issue is
to work through the media—radio, television, newspapers, and the Internet. From here, the
issue must get onto the institutional agenda as defined by each legislative body of the
government. This is accomplished by winning support for the issue among interest groups,
congressional committees or subcommittees, and administrative agencies.


82. Describe the policy-making process.

ANSWER: The policy-making process is illustrated in Figure 6-1. The major steps in this process are
(1) problem definition and agenda setting, (2) formulation of alternatives, (3) policy
adoption, (4) policy implementation, (5) policy evaluation, and (6) policy termination.
83. Explain the importance of legitimacy for successful public policies, citing an example.
ANSWER: Legitimacy is the belief on the part of the citizens that the current government represents a
proper form of government and a willingness on the part of those citizens to accept the
decrees of that government as legal and authoritative. Essentially, legitimacy of public
policy means that the citizens give the government the right to govern.
Examples will vary. One example shared in the chapter regarded the FDA’s health claim
policy. This stated that the appearance of health claims on food labels indicates that
consumers and food companies accept the FDA’s authority to allow this action.
84. A state dietetic association was interested in introducing a dietetic licensure bill during the state legislative session.
After three years, a dietetic licensure bill was signed into law. Describe the probable sequence of events for such a bill
from the time the local dietetic association first raised licensure as a policy issue to the day the governor signed the bill
into law.
ANSWER: The process by which a bill becomes a law is summarized in Figure 6-4. Probably, the
dietetic association began the process by approaching one or more state legislature
representatives, who had a dietetic licensure bill drafted. This bill would have been
considered by committees and subcommittees, and perhaps been revised during markup
sessions, before its presentation to the whole legislative body for a vote. A version of the
bill would go through the same process in each part of the legislature (House and Senate).
If the versions passed by each body were identical, the bill would have been sent to the
governor to be signed into law; if not, a House-Senate conference committee would have
been formed to develop a compromise bill that would be sent to the governor. Since it took
three years for this bill to become law, it may have failed to pass originally and been re-
introduced in a subsequent legislative session, or the dietetic association may have had to
lobby for an extended period of time to have a bill introduced.
85. Why has the federal budget process been described as “fractured, contentious, and chaotic”?
ANSWER: The federal budget process has been described as “fractured, contentious, and chaotic”
mainly because it forces the President and Congress to negotiate and agree on the problems
that deserve top priority. There is a limited amount of money, yet so many valid and
important causes that need federal financial support. The budget is initially prepared by the
Office of Management and Budget, then revised by the president, then submitted to

Congress, where the two houses must reconcile any modifications they make before
passing budget resolutions.
86. List all of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’ public policy priority areas. Select one and briefly share the
Academy’s focus on this topic.
ANSWER: The three priority areas include disease prevention and treatment, life-cycle nutrition, and
quality health care.
Disease Prevention and Treatment: Develop appropriate and effective prevention and
treatment techniques to reduce the risk for and severity of chronic disease.
Life-Cycle Nutrition: Support programs and policies, such as Women, Infants, and
Children (WIC), the National School Lunch Program, and the Older Americans Act, that
help keep Americans healthy throughout their lives.
Quality Health Care: Promote health policy choices that ensure that sufficient resources are
available for optimal health.
arena.
87. Identify three ways in which the community nutritionist can influence policy making.
ANSWER:  Contribute to a PAC
 Lobby
 Join interest groups
 Build coalitions
 Communicate with your elected officials

regulatory changes.
88. What is a political action committee (PAC)? Describe the purpose of PACs.
ANSWER: A political action committee is the political arm of an interest group. It has the legal
authority to raise funds from its members or employees to support candidates or political
parties. The purpose of a PAC is to help elect candidates whose views are favorably
aligned with the group’s mission or goals.
regulatory changes.
89. A personal letter to an elected official from a constituent can be a powerful tool for change. What points should you
keep in mind in order to write an effective letter to your elected official?
ANSWER:  Get your elected official’s name right!
 Limit your letter to one page.
 Write about a single issue.
 Refer to the legislation by bill number and name.

 Explain how a legislative issue will affect your work, your organization, and your
community.
 Use logical rather than emotional arguments in support of your position.
 Ask direct questions and request a reply.
 Be cooperative and offer to provide further information.
 Follow up with him/her.
 Whenever possible, use an example from your local community to draw attention
to the issue.
 Write as an individual rather than as a member of the Academy of Nutrition and
Dietetics.

90. Draw the grassroots pyramid, and describe your current level of involvement when it comes to nutrition policy.
ANSWER: The grassroots pyramid has a base of fence-sitters. The next layer is comprised of banner
carriers and critics. The third level includes willing workers; the fourth is party people; and
power players are in the peak level.
The student’s current level of involvement will vary.
regulatory changes.
91. What is the purpose of public policy?

ANSWER: The purpose of public policy is to fashion strategies for solving public problems.
92. What is the difference between an authorization and an appropriation?

ANSWER: An authorization defines the scope of a program, sets a ceiling on how much money can be
spent on it, and provides the agency and departments with the legal ability to operate.
Before money can be released to a program, an appropriation bill must be passed. This
gives the authority to spend the money.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply | Bloom’s: Understand
93. What is the Human Genome Project?

ANSWER: The Human Genome Project was an international effort to locate and identify the
sequencing of all the human genes—together known as the human genome.
arena.
94. Identify three methods that you would consider using when communicating with one of your elected officials. Why
did you choose these?
ANSWER: Answers may include lobbying, writing letters, telephone calls, and e-mail.
95. Reflect upon this statement: “If dietetics is your profession, politics is your business.”
ANSWER: Answers will vary, but students should be able to connect the strong relationship between
dietetics and the role of public policy.
regulatory changes.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply | Bloom’s: Understand
96. Define a problem. Does this question illustrate a problem, and more specifically, a public problem?
ANSWER: A problem is defined as a substantial discrepancy between what is and what should be.
This is a problem, and a public problem for a variety reasons (which might vary). Possible
reasons could include the monetary incentive to purchase more nutrient-dense foods as
well as provide a “nudge” for fast-food restaurants to provide more healthful choices.
97. Draft a clear statement of the problem.

ANSWER: Statements will vary but will need to address the following components:
• Who is experiencing the problem?
• Why or how did this problem develop?
• What actions have been taken in the past to address the problem?
• What is the history of the problem?
• What resources exist to help alleviate the problem?
98. What are some possible solutions to the problem? What phase of the policy-making process is this?
ANSWER: This is the policy formulation phase of the process. Possible solutions will vary greatly.
99. Who might be interested in partnering in the public policy initiative?

ANSWER: Answers will vary, but could include various PACs, local groups and clubs, and interest
groups within professional organizations.

regulatory changes.
100. Who might oppose this public policy initiative?

ANSWER: Answers will vary, but could include large chain restaurants, business associations from
the foodservice industry, and other entities related to the foodservice business.
regulatory changes.

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Chapter 06 - The Art and Science of Policy Making

Solution Manual for Community Nutrition in Action An

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1

9. Before money can be released to a program, an appropriation bill must be passed.

18. Lobbying is an ineffective method of communicating with elected officials.

21. The first step in the policy cycle is ____.

REFERENCES: The Process of Policymaking

28. The Food and Drug Administration is an agency of the ____.

29. Which agency houses 27 separate institutes and centers?

a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

39. Medical nutrition therapy for ____ is currently reimbursed by Medicare.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9

50. When issuing a press release to the media, it is best to ____.

d. require the press to do their own fact-checking

55. The process of putting a policy into action is called ____.

58. They will work diligently to get a task completed.

63. set of problems to which policy makers give their attention

64. issues that are the subject of public policy

66. amounts actually paid out by government agencies

67. authority to spend money

68. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

69. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

70. Food and Nutrition Service

71. Food Safety and Inspection Service

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14

73. Administration on Aging

74. Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion

75. Public Health Service

77. Adjunct to Western medicine with a less invasive approach.

78. Food products created by new scientific developments

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CNIA.BOYL.17.6.1 - Describe the policy-making process.

82. Describe the policy-making process.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 16

REFERENCES: The Community Nutritionist in Action

 Refer to the legislation by bill number and name.

REFERENCES: The Community Nutritionist in Action

91. What is the purpose of public policy?

92. What is the difference between an authorization and an appropriation?

93. What is the Human Genome Project?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

97. Draft a clear statement of the problem.

99. Who might be interested in partnering in the public policy initiative?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 19

100. Who might oppose this public policy initiative?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 20

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