Solution Manual for Community Policing Partnerships for

Problem Solving 7th Edition by Miller Hess and

Orthmann ISBN 1285096673 9781285096674
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CHAPTER 6: COMMUNICATING WITH A DIVERSE POPULATION

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The communication process involves:

a. a sender.
b. a message.
c. a receiver.
d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 150

2. Discrimination and prejudice are different but related. Some examples of discrimination include:
a. giving warnings to females who violate traffic laws and issuing tickets to males for the
same violation.
b. arresting a black man for driving while intoxicated.
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 161

3. The __________ encodes a message and then transmits the message.

a. telephone
b. transmitter
c. sender
d. receiver
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 151

4. According to the text, important individual characteristics in communication include all of the
following except:
a. age.
b. self-esteem.
c. language skills.
d. morals.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 151

5. Tactical civility as taught by the Verbal Judo Institute stressed that officers cannot afford to show:
a. politeness.
 b. professionalism.
c. tactical verbal skills.
d. a display of anger.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 151

6. The communication process involves all of the following except:

a. sender.
b. feedback.
c. portal.
d. receiver.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 150

7. ________________ assumes that all people within a specific group are the same; they lack
individuality.
a. Racism
b. Cultural diversity
c. Stereotyping
d. Racial profiling
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

8. Statements such as “The French are great lovers” are based on:
a. notions.
b. bias.
c. stereotypes.
d. history.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

9. In the case of Pottinger v. City of Miami (1992), a U.S. District Court found the practice of
________________ unconstitutional.
a. removing park benches
b. bum sweeps
c. panhandling
d. loitering
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 166

10. Race-based enforcement:

a. is discriminatory and illegal.
b. is legal and justifiable.
c. no longer occurs in the United States.
d. is forensically viable.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 161

11. The communication process involves:

a. a sender and a message.
b. a filter and a scope.
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 150
12. As stated in the text, which of the following statements is true regarding the overall -socioeconomic
structure of the U.S. population?
a. The lower class is shrinking.
b. The middle class is shrinking.
c. The upper class is shrinking.
d. The gap between the lower and upper classes is shrinking.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 164

13. The formation of communities such as Chinatowns, Little Italys, and Little Havanas is an example of:
a. assimilation.
b. cultural pluralism.
c. acculturation.
d. racial profiling.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 156

14. ________________ continues to increase, presenting unique challenges to community -policing efforts
aimed at enhancing citizens’ levels of trust, communication, and activism.
a. Religious diversity
b. Racism
c. Cultural diversity
d. Lack of officer education
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 163

15. Kinesics is useful in:

a. conveying professionalism nonverbally.
b. interpreting body language.
c. “softening” official language.
d. all of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 153

16. Police officers who learn to “read” the nonverbal messages and body language of suspects, victims and
witnesses:
a. are said to have developed a sixth sense.
b. often say they have a “gut feeling.”
c. sometimes describe it as a nagging suspicion.
d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 153

17. Two critical barriers to communication in a diverse society are language barriers and:
a. religious barriers.
b. cultural barriers.
c. racial barriers.
d. physical barriers.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 153

18. The amount of eye contact while speaking varies in the United States. According to the text, which
ethnic group maintains the lowest eye contact while speaking?
a. Caucasian
b. African Americans
c. Hispanic
 d. Asian
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 154

19. In their traditional role of crime fighter, the police seldom interact with those from the ___________
socioeconomic class.
a. lower
b. middle
c. upper-middle
d. upper
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 167

20. Dealing with the homeless is challenging for the police because:
a. homeless people seldom break the law and are, therefore, not a police problem.
b. other resources (detox centers, crisis units, etc.) rigorously compete to provide services.
c. being homeless is not a crime.
d. most homeless people are alcoholics, drug addicts, or otherwise prone to violence.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 167

21. Italian American, African American, and Asian American are examples of what is sometimes known
as the _____________ American.
a. pluralistic
b. hyphenated
c. ethnocentric
d. multicultural
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 156

22. Deinstitutionalization refers to:

a. an inmate’s release from prison.
b. providing support services for the retarded or mentally ill in the community rather than in
institutions.
c. renaming establishments to eliminate “institution” from the name.
d. making institutions more homelike for residents.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 170

23. Problems associated with homeless persons include:

a. homeless camps.
b. public intoxication.
c. abuse.
d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: pp. 165–166

24. A person who has a temporary breakdown in coping skills is:

a. mentally ill.
b. mentally retarded.
c. in crisis behavior.
d. contemplating suicide.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 171

25. Epileptic seizure symptoms may include:

 a. stiffening, jerking motions.
b. garbled, incoherent speech.
c. glassy-eyed staring and aimless wandering.
d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 180

26. Dr. George Thompson is the founder of:

a. Verbal Judo.
b. Verbal Tae Kwon Do.
c. Verbal Karate.
d. Verbal Effectiveness.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 151

27. Police officers are most likely to obtain cooperation from citizens if they:
a. treat others with respect.
b. engage in process-oriented policing.
c. arrest the offender.
d. follow up on reports taken.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 152

28. Which of the following statements is not true concerning attention deficit hyperactivity -disorder?
a. It is one of the most common disruptive behavior disorders in youths, with an estimated
5 to 10 percent of all children having it.
b. It is characterized by fidgeting, distractibility, and lack of self-control.
c. It affects more girls than boys.
d. The condition often disappears by adulthood.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 175

29. Learning disabilities affect 5–10 million children in the United States. Some of the most common
characteristics are:
a. poor memory and difficulty following directions.
b. eye-hand coordination problems.
c. poor reading ability leading to the label of “underachiever.”
d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: pp. 176–177

30. According to the text, a temporary breakdown in coping skills by a person who is not -mentally ill is
known as:
a. strange behavior
b. event behavior
c. crisis behavior
d. disorderly behavior
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 171

31. Things such as nodding, pointing a finger, and shrugging are examples of:
a. verbal communication.
b. effective communication.
c. good communication traits.
d. gestures in communication.
 ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 152

32. Many police officers, in addition to understanding nonverbal messages, also develop an -ability to
interpret body language, also called:
a. body mapping.
b. nonverbal reads.
c. seventh sense.
d. kinesics.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: pp. 152–153

33. The CIT model combines police officers with what other professionals?
a. doctors
b. nurses
c. university professors
d. mental health professionals
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 172

34. The use of ___________, the technical language of a profession, is a barrier to -communication.
a. 10 codes
b. terms
c. jargon
d. feedback
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 154

35. Preference for one’s own way of life over all others is known as:
a. assimilation.
b. acculturation.
c. ethnocentrism.
d. cultural pluralism.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 155

36. According to the text, reasons victims give for not reporting a crime to the police include:
a. belief that the police will be unable to do anything.
b. fear that they won’t be believed.
c. fear of reprisal and threats.
d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 178

37. Discrimination is:

a. a behavior.
b. an attitude.
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 161

38. The disabilities that police officers encounter the most frequently are:
a. touch impairment.
b. kinesics impairment.
c. mobility impairment.
d. taste impairment.
 ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 168

39. Of the items listed below, which is not a common communication barrier?
a. lack of time
b. failure to listen
c. lack of feedback
d. avoidance of the use of jargon
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 154

TRUE/FALSE

1. The homeless are more often the victims of crime than the perpetrators.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 167

2. A survey documented in the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics (2004) found that Black and
nonblack (White and other minority) police officers strongly agree about the -significance of race in
how citizens are treated by police.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 161

3. According to the text, the U.S. Census Bureau predicts that by the year 2030 nearly one in five people
will be age 30 or younger.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 173

4. Polls cited in the text find that Americans are less concerned today about immigration,

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 157

5. Reliance on generalizing may result in stereotyping.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

6. The officer’s “body language” is very important when communicating with the public.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 152

7. Roughly 55 million people in this country, 20 percent of the U.S. population, speak a language other
than English at home.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 153

8. Providing help to victims originated as a grassroots effort in the 1990s to help battered women.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 179

9. The “veil-of-darkness” method has been proposed as an approach to test for racial profiling in a
department’s traffic stop practices.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 161

10. Most of the violent individuals the police deal with are mental patients whose treatment plans have
lapsed.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 172

11. Nonverbal communication includes everything other than the actual words spoken in a -message such
as tone, pitch, and pacing.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 152

12. Many of the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are identical to those of intoxication.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 174

13. According to the text, police officers may have more barriers to communication because of the image
they convey.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 154

14. Under the ADA, all government brochures and printed material must be available in Braille or on
audiotape if requested.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 169

15. Incidents that may bring Alzheimer’s patients into contact with the police include driving -difficulties,
false 911 reports, indecent exposure, shoplifting, and trespassing.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 174

16. Communities across the country have enacted out-right bans or placed extreme restrictions on
providing food to the indigent and homeless.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 166

17. Effective communicators recognize their own and others’ biases and prejudices.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 155

18. Mental illness and crisis behavior are the same thing.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 171

19. Research has found law enforcement involves significantly more verbal interaction than physical
interaction.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 154

20. A prejudice that inhibits objectivity and can evolve into hate.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

21. Listening skills cannot be improved.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 155

 22. Developing the trust and confidence of new immigrant populations is essential for effective policing.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: pp. 158–159

23. Feedback is sometimes involved in the communication process.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 150

24. Nonverbal communication does not include a person’s appearance.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 152

SHORT ANSWER

1. The use of ___________________, technical language of a profession, can be a barrier to

communication.

ANS:
jargon

PTS: 1 REF: p. 154

2. ___________________ results when a person who is not mentally ill has a temporary -breakdown in
coping skills.

ANS:
Crisis behavior

PTS: 1 REF: p. 171

3. The very language used to refer to others can interfere with ___________________.

ANS:
communication

PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

4. Assimilation, also referred to as ___________________, was, indeed, what happened among the early
colonists.

ANS:
acculturation

PTS: 1 REF: p. 156

5. An alternative to assimilation is ___________________ with diverse cultures peacefully coexisting.

ANS:
cultural pluralism

PTS: 1 REF: p. 156

 6. Victims often suffer from ___________________, a persistent reexperiencing of a traumatic event
through intrusive memories, dreams, and a variety of anxiety-related symptoms.

ANS:
posttraumatic stress disorder

PTS: 1 REF: p. 178

7. The term ___________________ is sometimes used to refer to children exposed to cocaine while in
the womb. They may exhibit social, emotional and cognitive problems.

ANS:
crack children

PTS: 1 REF: p. 176

8. The leading known cause of mental retardation in the Western world, __________________, includes
effects such as impulsivity, inability to predict consequences or to use appropriate judgment in daily
life, poor communication skills, high levels of activity, and distractibility in small children and
frustration and depression in adolescents.

ANS:
fetal alcohol syndrome

PTS: 1 REF: p. 177

9. When police use certain racial characteristics, such as skin color, as indicators of criminal activity, the
practice is commonly referred to as _________________

ANS:
racial profiling

PTS: 1 REF: p. 161

10. A dilemma facing law enforcement and the immigration issue is whether police can build
_______________ with immigrant communities if they are also to gather intelligence and enforce
immigration law.

ANS:
trusting partnerships

PTS: 1 REF: p. 180

ESSAY

1. Describe the two critical barriers to communication in a diverse society. What can police do to
overcome these barriers?

ANS:
Answer varies.

PTS: 1 REF: pp. 153–154

2. Describe and give examples of the results of being victimized.

ANS:
Answer varies.

PTS: 1 REF: pp. 177–178

3. Discuss and explain racial profiling and how it affects the community and law enforcement.

ANS:
Answer varies.

PTS: 1 REF: pp. 161–162

4. The sociological literature on ethnic and racial diversity has three theories on the consequences of two
or more cultures inhabiting the same geographic area. Describe these theories and how they affect law
enforcement.

ANS:
Answer varies.

PTS: 1 REF: pp. 156–157

5. Cities across the nation have tried numerous legislative and other tactical measures in their efforts to
eliminate or minimize the problems presented by the homeless. Identify these efforts and the success
or failure of each method. What are the constitutional limitations dealing with the enforcement of these
laws?

ANS:
Answer varies.

PTS: 1 REF: pp. 165–167