UNDERSTANDING MORE

ABOUT CLAUSES AND

THE REDUCED ONES
 WHAT CLAUSE IS IT?
(NOUN CLAUSE, ADJECTIVE CLAUSE, ADVERBIAL) &
WHAT TO BE PAID ATTENTION TO FURTHER?
connector
• What you said was so impressive
Noun clause as Subject

connector
• I do not know what you are going to say.
Noun clause as Object

connector
• Every student who wears the uniform is going to school.
Adjective clause for Subject
connector
• I know the man who wears the uniform.
Adjective clause for Object

connector
• Although it rained, he still went to school yesterday.
Adverbial clause
 NOUN CLAUSE
• A clause that functions as a noun.
• It could function as SINGULAR Subject or as object.
• It always requires connector, either as subject or as object
• Be careful! I looks like double verb when it function as Subject

Noun Clause as Subject:

connector
What you told me really inspires me.
Noun clause as Subject

What he said was debatable.

Noun Clause as Object

I do not know what you are going to say.
.
QUESTION:
WHICH ONE IS CORRECT?

A. I don’t know what is in the box.

B. I don’t know what it is in the box.
WHEN DOES THE CONNECTOR BECOME SUBJECT?
SOME CLUES …
WHAT/WHATEVER
• When the noun clause indicates something WITHOUT action (be-verb) or when we imply
that the connector functions as subject.
I don’t know what is in the box. (noun clause as object)
compare as subject: What is in the box is what they are talking about.

• When the noun clause indicates something WITH action or when we imply that the
connector functions as object in the dependent clause, the connector will be followed
with noun/pronoun as subject.
I don’t know what you have put into the box.

Exception, without object/adjective compare:

I don’t know what it is.
2. WHO/WHOEVER VS. WHOM

• When the noun clause indicates something with action, the connector “who” will
always function as subject.
I don’t know who has put the thing into the box.

• When the connector there is a person as the object of the clause, it will
require noun/pronoun after whom.
I don’t know whom you want to speak with.
Exception, without object/adjective compare:
I don’t know who he is.
3. WHEN THE NOUN DESCRIBED IS THE SUBJECT IN
THE PASSIVE VOICE
(EXAMPLE OF THAT AND WHICH)

We don’t know the materials that are contained in it. (adj.clause)

Compare:

We didn’t know that it was not safe. (noun clause)

We don’t know the fact that you were not given the information.
The letter which you sent me arrived yesterday. (adj.clause)
THAT AS ADJ.CLAUSE CONNECTOR
VS. NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTOR

Adjective Clause
The glass that is on the table is mine.

Compare

Noun Clause
I don’t know that you successfully got the job.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
A CLAUSE THAT FUNCTION AS ADJECTIVE.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE for the SUBJECT:

All women who work at the hospital are now promoted.
The woman whom you spoke with is my sister.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE for the OBJECT

I want to try the soup that you told me yesterday.
I don’t want to have something that is not in the list
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE WITH/WITHOUT COMMA

All women who work at the hospital are now promoted.

Compare:

The president, who is now preparing to give a speech, is

meeting with his advisors.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE WITH COMMA
1. The president, who is now preparing to give a speech, is
meeting with his advisors.

2. The president, now preparing to give a speech, is

meeting with his advisors

3. Now preparing to give a speech, The president is meeting

with his advisors
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
1. ADV CON – S –V, S-V
2. S-V-ADV CON –S-V

A clause that functions as adverb

With comma (the connector is located in the beginning of the sentence)
If you want me to go there, I will go.
Although it rains, he still wants to go.

Without comma (the connector is located in the middle of the sentence)

I will go if you want me to go there.
He still wants to go although it rains
REDUCED CLAUSE

1. Adjective Clause:
Active:
All women who work at the hospital are now promoted.
 All women working at the hospital are now promoted.
Passive:
All women who are employed at the hospital are now promoted
 All women employed at the hospital are now promoted

2. Adverbial Clause
Active:
She still wants to go out although it rains.
 She sill wants to go out although raining.
Although raining, she still wants to go outside.
Passive: Although prohibited, she still wants to go outside.
 ADVERBIAL PHRASE/APPOSITIVE FROM REDUCED
CLAUSES

Although raining, she still wants to go outside.

from
Although it rained, she still wants to go outside.

Now preparing to give a speech, The president is meeting with his advisors
from
The president, who is now preparing to give a speech, is meeting with his advisors.
REDUCED CLAUSE – BE VERB

• Applied for Adjective Clause and Adverbial Clause only.

1. Adjective Clause:
The glass on the table is very expensive.
(reduced form from: The glass that is on the table is very expensive)

2. Adverbial Clause
She still did it although not ready
(reduced form from: She still did it although she was not ready)
EXCEPTION

THE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CAN NOT BE REDUCED:

The letter which you sent me yesterday has just arrived.

The woman that I just met is the tour guide

The noun described by the adjective clause is the object in the adjective clause itself.

Be careful! Compare:

The letter that was sent to me yesterday has just arrived.

The letter sent to me yesterday has just arrived.

When the noun described by the adjective clause is the subject.