;f/:jtJofs/0f–kfl0fgLoJofs/0fof]M ;+1fk|s/0f:o ;dLIf0fd\

xl/nfnkf}8]nM
pkk|fWofksM
Jofs/0fljefu:o
g]kfn;+:s[tljZjljBfno:o
ljZjljBfnoljBfkL7fGtu{:o
a]ne'm08Lbfªg]kfn:y:o
;Dks{;"qd\ – (*$&*&(@!*
hlpsharma2035@gmail.com
 ;f/:jtJofs/0f–kfl0fgLoJofs/0fof]M ;+1fk|s/0f:o ;dLIf0fd\

zf]w;f/M
j]bfª\ue"t:o Jofs/0f:o gj;' k|sf/]if' dWo] ;f/:jtJofs/0fdKo]sdl:t . sbflrlbb+ nf]slk|odf;Lt\ .
ljZjljBfnoLokf7\oqmd]if' nAw:yfgft\ ;jf]{Ts[i6Tj]g ;DdflgtfRr kfl0fgLoJofs/0fflbb+ lsl~rb\ leGg+ j}lzi6\o+
laelt{ . ;f/:jtJofs/0fkfl0fgLoJofs/0fof]Zr sLb[z+ ;fDoj}ifDoldlt d"ne"tfofM ;d:ofofM ;dfwfgfGj]if0f]
s]lG›tf]˜o+ n]vM . ;dfwfgfGj]if0ffo r k':tsfnoLo;|f]tf]EoM ;fdu|L;Íng+ ljwfo t'ngfTdsljlwgf ljZn]if0f+
ljlxtdq . cq r d"ntf] åof]/lk Jofs/0fof]M ;+1fk|s/0f] k|fKtfgf+ tYofgf+ t'ngf s[tf . tTqmd] r
åof]j{0ff]{kb]zz}NofM, ljlxtfgf+ ;+1fgf+, ;+1fljwfos;"qf0ff+, ;"qj[QLgf+, ljleGg}/frfo}{M s[tfgf+ tQT;"q–j[lQ–;+1f–
;Da4JofVofgfgf~rf]k:yfkg+ s[Tjf]eof]/lk Jofs/0fof]:t'ngf ljlxtf . ;f/:jt] j0ff{gfdlk ;+1f s[tf, kfl0fgLo]
t' g s[tf . Ot\–nf]k–u'0f–j[4\ofboM ;+1f peoq b[ZoGt], lsGt' tQlåwfosflg ;"qfl0f leGgflg .
kfl0fgLo;"q]ijg'Qmfgf+ nf]kzfbLgf+ sf;fl~rt\ ;+1fgf+ Joj:yf ;f/:jt] s[tf, pbfQfbLgf+ kfl0fGo'Qmfgf+ sf;fl~rt\
;+1fgf+ Joj:yf g s[tf . ;f/:jt] ;"qf0ffdNkTj+ kfl0fgLo;"qfk]Ifof j}lrœo+ j}leGo~r b[Zot] .
cfudfb]zlj;h{gLofg':jf/fB'kof]lu;+1fljwfg+, n3'u'?;+1of]M :ki6tf r ;f/:jtJofs/0f:o ;+1fk|s/0f] k|fKot] .
;/nTj+, ;+lIfKtTj~r ;f/:jt:o dxå}lzi6\od\ . kfl0fgLo;"q]ijg'Qmfgfd'kof]lugf+ sltkoljifof0ff+ k|ltkfbg+
;f/:jt;"q]if' s[td\ . ct Pj kfl0fgLoJofs/0ffWo]t[juf{0ffdKog';GWo]o+ ;f/:jtJofs/0fldlt lgisiff]{˜q
:yflktM .
zAbs'~hL– ;f/:jtJofs/0fd\, ;+1f, ;GWoIf/fl0f, gfldgM, ;fDoj}ifDo] .
! ljifokl/roM
gjljwJofs/0f]ijGotd+ ;f/:jtJofs/0fdKol:t . Ob+ vn' k'/f g]kfn:o ef/t:o r u|fd] u|fd] k7\ot]
kf7\ot] :d]lt >"ot] . ObfgLdlk s'qlrt\ kl7t;f/:jtJofs/0ffM kl08tfM k|fKoGt] . ct Pj ;f/:jtJofs/0f+
sLb[zdl:t < kfl0fgLofQ:o ls+ j}lzi6\oldlt lh1f;fzfGTo} ax'k|rlnt]g kfl0fgLoJofs/0f]g ;x
;f/:jtJofs/0f:o t'ngf k|f/AwJodf;Lt\, lsGt' cBfjlw gfgof]Jof{s/0fof]:t'nfgfTdsdWoog+ s]glrt\ s[t+
b[Zot] . kfl0fgLoJofs/0f+ vn' ;j]{if' Jofs/0f]if"Ts[i6+ dGot] . ;Tolk kfl0fgLo] Jofs/0f] ;f/:jtJofs/0f+
/lrtldlt tq lsdlk j}lzi6\oGt' :ofb]j . kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] sfdlk ;d:of+ b[i6\j}j t:ofM kl/k"To}{ /lrtldb+
:oflbTo:ofWoog]g Jofs/0fzf:q:o j[l4/]j eljiolt . ct Pjfq n]v] ;+1fk|s/0ffwf/]0f
;f/:jtJofs/0fkfl0fgLoJofs/0fof]:t'ngfTds+ ;dLIf0f+ s[Tjf k|fKt+ tYo+ k|:t"ot] . cq r ;f/:jtJofs/0f+
kfl0fgLoJofs/0ffWo]t[juf{0ffdKo'kof]lu eljt'+ zSgf]tLlt k|fSsNkgf+ s[Tjf t:ofM k/LIf0f~r lqmot] . tyf rfq
d'Votof ;f/:jtJofs/0f] j0ff]{kb]zz}nL sLb[zL < tq sLb[ZoM ;+1fM s[tfM < j0ff]{kb]zz}nLb[i6\ of, ;+1fb[i6\of,
;"q:j¿kb[i6\of r ;f/:jtJofs/0f–kfl0fgLoJofs/0fof]M ls+ ;fDoj}ifDod\ < OTo]jdfboM zf]w;d:of cf;g\ .
;f/:jtf]Qmj0ff]{kb]zz}Nog'zLngd\, ;f/:jt] s[tfgf+ ;+1fgf+ tlåwfos;"qf0ff~r ljZn]if0fd\, j0ff]{kb]zz}nLb[i6\of,
;+1fb[i6\of, ;"q:j¿kb[i6\of r ;f/:jtkfl0fgLoJofs/0fof]M ;fDoj}ifDolgwf{/0f~rf:ofg';Gwfg:o d"nd'2]Zodl:t .
pQmf]2]Zok|fKTo} zf]wsfo{ldb+ k|jQ{t] .
@ cWoogljlwM
cl:dGgg';Gwfg]˜jnlDatf]˜Woogljlwo{yf–
@=! cg';Gwfgk|sf/M
Ob+ u'0ffTdsk|sf/sdWoogd\ . cq lx ;f/:jt–kfl0fgLo–Jofs/0fof]u{|GyfgfdWoog]g k|fKtfgf+ tYofgf+
t'ngfTds+ ljZn]if0f+ s[Tjf lgisif{M :yflktf]˜l:t.
@=@ cg';Gwfg:o If]q+ ;Ldfª\sg~r
;f/:jtJofs/0f+ kfl0fgLoJofs/0f~r]To'eodKo:ofg';Gwfg:o ljifoIf]qd\ . Psl:dFNn3'n]v]
;du|u|Gyof]lj{Zn]if0f+ tf]ng~rf;Dejldlt ;+1fk|s/0ffwf/] åof]:t'ngflTdsf ;dLIff ljlxtfq]lt åof] Jof{s/0fof]M
;+1fk|s/0fd:ofg';Gwfg:o ;Ldf jt{t] .
@=# tYofª\s;ª\sng+ tT;fwgflg r
cqfWoog] ;f/:jtJofs/0fu|Gy]EoM, kfl0fgLoJofs/0fu|Gy]Eof] Jofs/0f]ltxf;u|GyflbEoZr
tYofª\s;ª\sng+ s[tldlt k|fylds;|f]t; Pj tYofª\s;ª\sng;fwgflg ;lGt .
@=$ tYofª\sljZn]if0fk|lqmof
cq ;f/:jtJofs/0f:o kfl0fgLoJofs/0f:o r ;+1fk|s/0f;Da4flg tYofª\sflg ;ª\snøo t]iff+ j0f{g+,
tf]ng+ ljZn]if0f~r s[Tjf lgisiff]{ lgisfl;tf] ljBt] . d"ntf]˜q t'ngfljlw/jnlDatM .
# ;}4flGtskof{wf/M
c:ofg';Gwfg:o ljifoIf]q+ ;f/:jtJofs/0f+ kfl0fgLoJofs/0f~r]lt :jtM k|fdfl0fsTjft\ tof]M
;Tofkgfo ;}4flGtskof{wf/:o gf:TofjZostf . ljZn]if0fqmd] ;ª\slnttYofgf+ ;Gbe{;|f]tMk|bz{gfo
uBfTdsfw'lgsu|Gyfgf+ s[t] n]vsldltk[i7k4t]M -PkLPk4t]M_, ;"q;Gbe{k|bz{gfo r ;+:s[tjfª\dofGtu{t]
Jofs/0fzf:q] ax'k|rlntfof cWofokfb;"q;+Vofk4t]M k|of]uM s[tf]˜l:t.
$ Jofs/0fkl/ro:tb\e]bfZr
JoflqmoGt] Jo'TkfBGt] ;fw''zAbf cg]g]lt Jofs/0fd\ . lj–cfª\k"jf{t\ s[wftf]M s/0f] No'6\ogfb]z] r zAbf]˜o+
lgikBt] . Pj~r Jofs/0f+ gfd zAb;fw'Tjfg'zf;gk/s+ zf:qd\ . tRrfg]sljwd\ . j}lbssfnfb]j Jofs/0f:ofg]s]
u|Gyf lj/lrtf ae"j'M .
æP]G›+ rfG›+ sfzs[T:g+ h}g]G›+ zfs6fogd\
;f/:jt+ rflkzn+ zfsn+ kfl0fgLosd\ Æ -zf:qL Ù @)@$M*_
Olt ;f/:jtJofs/0fe"ldsf:ykBfg';f/]0f ;+:s[thult d'Votof gj;+Vosflg Jofs/0fflg k|rlntfgLlt b[Zot] .
t]if' dWo]˜q ;f/:jtkfl0fgLoof]:t'ngf lqmot Olt tof]/]j ljifo] lsl~rb'Rot] –

$=! kfl0fgLoJofs/0fd\
kfl0flggf /lrt+ Jofs/0f+ kfl0fgLod\ . kfl0fgLoJofs/0fdi6fWofoL¿k+, oq k|foM rt'M;x;|;+Vosflg
;"qfl0f ;lGt . ObfgL~r sfTofoglj/lrtfgf+ kfl0fgLo;"qk|k"/sf0ff+ jflt{sf0ff+ kt~hlnlj/lrt:o dxfefio:o r
kfl0fgLoJofs/0fTj]g Jojxf/ft\ lqd'lg Jofs/0fldlt k|l;l4/l:t . d'lgqol;4fGtdfw[To e§f]lhbLlIft]g
j}ofs/0fl;4fGtsf}d'bL /lrt]Tood]j u|Gyf]˜q dof d'Votof t'ngfTdsfWoogfofjnlDatf] ljBt] .
$=@ ;f/:jtJofs/0fd\
;f/:jtJofs/0f:o /rlotf˜g'e"lt:j¿kfrfof]{˜:tLlt k|foM k|l;l4j{t{t] . cg'e"lt:j¿kfrfof]{ lx
;/:jtLb]jLtM ;"qfl0f k|fKo Jofs/0fldb+ /lrtjflglt >'ltk/Dk/ftf] 1fot], lsGt' ;f/:jt;"qf0ff+ /rlotf
g/]G›frfof]{˜l:t, cg'e"lt:j¿kfrfo]{0f t' ljj[lQ+ lnlvTjf ;f/:jtk|lqmof ;/nLs[tf - dLdf+;sM Ù@))&M$%#_
Olt lglZrGjlGt ljåf+;M . ct Pj kfl0fgLok/Dk/fof+ oT:yfg+ e§f]lhbLlIft:ofl:t, ;f/:jtk/Dk/fof+ tT:yfg+
cg'e"lt:j¿kfrfo{:of:tLlt lgZr]t'+ zSot] . t:dft\ ;f/:jtJofs/0f:o l;4fGtsf}d'Bf ;x tf]ngd'lrt+ b[Zot] .
% Jofs/0f] ;+1fof dxŒjd\
oyf nf]s] Jojxf/fo gfDg cfjZostf ejlt, ty}j zf:q]˜lk ;Dos\ Jojxf/fo ;+1fof cfjZostf
ejlt . æj[l4/]rLÆlt ;"q]0f j[l4lj{wLot] . tq ls+ gfd j[l4l/lt af]wfo j[l4;+1f˜˜jZosL . Pj+ ;f/:jt] æO o+
:j/]Æ Olt ;"q]0f :j/] k/] Osf/f] osf/Tj]g kl/jTo{t] . tq :j/kbfy{1fgfefj] sfo{+ g k|jt{t Olt
:j/;+1f˜˜jZosL . ct Pjf]Qmd\– ætq tfjt\ ;+1f ;+Jojxf/fo ;ª\uX[ ot]Æ -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$M(_ Olt .
^ ;f/:jtkfl0fgLoJofs/0fof]M ;+1fk|s/0f:o t'ngf
;f/:jtJofs/0fkfl0fgLoJofs/0fof]M ;+1fk|s/0f] j0ff]{kb]zz}nLutflg, ;+1futflg, ;+1fljwfos;"qutflg,
tb\j[lQJofVoflbutflg r ;fDoj}ifDoflg sfgLlt ljljRot]˜q–
^=! j0ff]{kb]zfg'zLngd\
;f/:jtJofs/0f]] kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] r j0ff]{kb]ztM ;+1fk|s/0f:o k|f/DeM s[tf] b[Zot] .
tq ;f/:jtJofs/0f]] j0ff]{kb]zfTk"j+{ ;+1fk|s/0f;DalGwgL k|lt1f lqmot] ;+1fk|of]]hg~rf]Rot]— tq tfjt\
;+1f ;+Jojxf/fo ;+u[Xot] -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ@)@$M!_ Olt . ;+Jojxf/fo Ö ;Dos\ zf:qJojxf/fo . zf:q] lx ;+1f+
ljgf g ;Douja'Wot] -rGb|sLlt{M Ù @)@$M!_ Olt . cq r j0ff]{kb]z]g ;fs+ t]iff+ ;+1f clk s[tfM .
kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] t' ;+1fk|s/0f;DalGwgL k|lt1f g lqmot] ;+1fk|of]]hg~r gf]Rot] . ;f/:jtJofs/0f]]
j0ff]{kb]zz}nL kfl0fgLoJofs/0ffb\ leGgd\ . tbqfg'zLNot] –
^=!=! ;dfg;+1sj0ff]{kb]zM
;f/:jtJofs/0f]] k|yd;"qTj]gf]Qmd\— cOpCn[ ;dfgfM -:j¿kfrfo{M @)@$ M !_ Olt . tlåj/0f¿k+
j[lQ+ s/f]lt— cg]g k|Tofxf/u|x0ffo j0ff{M kl/u0oGt] . t]iff+ ;dfg;+1f r ljwLot] . g}t]if' ;"q]if'
;lGw/g';GWo]of]˜ljjlIftTjft\ . ljjlIft:t' ;lGwe{jtLlt lgodft\, nf}lssk|of]ulgikQo] ;dodfqTjfRr -
:j¿kfrfo{M Ù@)@$M!_ Olt .
kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] cOp0f\, Cn[s\ Olt ;fg'aGws;"qåo]gf]Qmj0ff{M ;f/:jtJofs/0f]] ;"q]0f}s]g}jf]QmfM .
kfl0fgLoJofs/0f Ojfq ;"q], pQ/q r j0ff]{kb]z;"q]ijg'aGwf] g s[tM . kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] t'
rt'b{zdfx]Zj/;"qf0og'aGwo'tflg ;lGt -bLlIftMÙ@))* M!_ .
 tq ;f/:jtJofs/0f]] oyf j0ff]{kb]z;"q]if' ;GWoefjsf/0fd'Qmd\ , g tyf kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] l;4fGtsf}d'Bf+
lsdKo'Qmd\ . n3'zAb]Gb'z]v/] t' gfu]z]g …Pif' ;+lxtfof cljjIfof g ;+lxtfsfo{d\Ú - gfu]zM @)%# M $–% _
OTo'Qmd\ . ;+lxtfsfo{+ Ö ;lGwsfo{d\ .
^=!=@ x|:jbL3{Kn'te]bfgf+ ;j0f{;+1f
;f/:jtJofs/0f] j0ff]{kb]zqmd Pj låtLo;"qdfx— x|:jbL3{Kn'te]bfM ;j0ff{ Olt . Pt]iffd\ -
csf/fbLgfd\_ x|:jbL3{Kn'te]bfM k/:k/+ ;j0ff{M e0oGt] -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ@)@$M!#_ . Psdfqf] x|:jM, lådfqf] bL3{M,
lqdfqM Kn'tM .
kfl0fgLoJofs/0fk|ltlglwu|Gy] l;4fGtsf}d'Bf+ t' rt'b{z;"qf0ff+ ljz'4M kf7M bQM, tGdWo] g lsdlk
ljj/0fflbs+ bQd\ . x|:jbL3f{lb;+1fy{Gt' dfx]Zj/j0ff]{kb]zfgGt/+ c0frflbk|Tofxf/l;4]ZrfgGt/d\
pmsfnf]˜He|m:jbL3{Kn'tM -kf !.@. @& _ Olt ;"qd'kGo:td\ .
^=!=# ;GWoIf/f]kb]z:tT;+1f r
PP]cf]cf} ;GWoIf/fl0f . cq ;j]{iffdlk ;GWoIf/f0fd]sq}jf]kb]zM s[tM, t]iff+ ;GWoIf/]lt ;+1f r s[tf .
dfx]Zj/rt'b{z;"œof+ t' Pcf]ª\, P]cf}r\ Olt ;"qåod\ . ct Pj Pª}r\k|Tofxf/l;l4M, cb]ª\u'0fM - kf c
!.!.@ _ j[l4/fb}r\ - kf c !.!.! _ Olt u'0fj[l4;+1] r ;xhtof l;4] ejtM .
^=!=$ :j/;+1f gfld;+1f r
;f/:jtJofs/0f] :j/;+1f gfld;+1f r s[tf b[Zot] . ;"qåod\— peo] :j/fM . cjhf{ gfldgM -
:j¿kfrfo{M @)@$ M !_ Olt .
cq k|yd]g ;dfgfgf+ ;GWoIf/f0ff~r :j/;+1f lqmot], låtLo]g r csf/fltl/Qmfgfd\ gfld;+1f lqmot] .
;j0ff{gf+ u|x0ffRr bL3]{sf/fbLgfdlk :j/;+1f, gfld;+1f r l;4\olt . tq :j/;+1fof pkof]uM O o+ :j/] -
:j¿kfrfo{M @)@$M @(_ OTofbf} . t]g lx :j/] k/] Osf/:o :yfg] osf/f] ljwLot] . blw cfgo bWofgo Olt .
gfld;+1fofM k|of]hg~r dgf]/dfljj[TTofd'Qmd\— gfldk|b]zfM gfldgf] /M OTo]jdfboM -zf:qL @)@$ M !^_ Olt .
t]g gfldgM k/:o lj;h{gLo:o /]kmf] ejlt . clUgM cq clUg/q OToflb .
kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] t' ;+1fåodKo]tGg}j b[Zot] . ;+1f˜efj]˜lk :j/zAbM k|o'Hot]˜rf+ s[t] .
;f/:jtJofs/0f] :j/dfqf0ff+ k|Tofxf/]if' ;dfj]zf] g s[tM . cg'aGwf˜efjfblk :j/dfqf0ff+ k|Tofxf/lgdf{0fd;Dej+
hftd\ .
^=!=% Jo~hgf]kb]zM k|Tofxf/l;l4Zr
;f/:jtJofs/0f] ;KtleM ;"q}Jo{~hgfgfd'kb]zM s[tM . k|lt;"q+ ;+1fljwfg~r g s[t+ Jo~hgfgfd\ .
oyf—
xoj/n . `0fgªd . em9e3w . h8bua . vkm57y . r6tsk . zif; Olt . tbgGt/~r
k|Tofxf/lgdf{0f+ syldlt /LltM ;"q]0f}s]gf]Qmf — cfBGtfEofd\ Olt .
 k|Tofxf/+ lh3[Iftf cfBGtfEofd]t] j0ff{ u|fXofM . cflbj0ff]{˜GTo]g u[Xodf0f:tGgfdf k|Tofxf/M . tyf lx—
csf/f] jsf/]0f u[Xodf0ff]˜jk|Tofxf/M -:j¿kfrfo{M @)@$ M !&_ Olt .
;f/:jtJofs/0f] lx j0ff]{kb]z;"q]ijg'aGwJoj:yf gf:tLlt j0ff]{kb]z;"qdWol:yt]gflk j0f]{g k|Tofxf/f]
lgdL{ot] . ofEofdfBGtfEof+ j0ff{Eof+ oM k|Tofxf/f] lgdL{ot], tl:dg\ k|Tofxf/] cflbj0f{ OjfGToj0ff]{˜lk u[Xot] .
oyf— xoj/n Olt j0ff]{kb]z;"qdWol:yt]g jsf/]0f csf/fbf/Eo cjk|Tofxf/f] lgdL{ot] . tTk|df0fGt'
cjs'KjGt/]˜lk -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ@)@$M*)_ Olt ;"qd]j . cjk|Tofxf/] r jsf/f]˜Kofoflt . ct Pj ;j]{0f OToq
cjs'KjGt/]˜lk Olt ;"q]0f cjk|Tofxf/fGtu{t]g jsf/]0f Psf/]0f r JojlxtTjf00fTjd\ .
^=!=^ Jo~hgf]kb]zz}nL
;f/:jtJofs/0f:o Jo~hgf]kb]zz}nL sflrb\ leGgf b[Zot] . dfx]Zj/;"q]if' o]g qmd]0f oof r z}Nof
Jo~hgfgfd'kb]zM s[tM, ;f/:jt] t]g qmd]0f tof r z}Nof g s[tM . tbq ljljRot] .
^=!=^=! xsf/f]]kb]zM
dfx]Zj/] j0f{;dfDgfo] xsf/f] lå?klbi6M — xoj/6\ - df=;"= %_ OToq, xn\ - df=;"= !$_ OToq r .
;f/:jtJofs/0f] Tj]sjf/d]jf]kb]z:t:o— xoj/n -:j¿kfrfo{M @)@$ M !&_ OToq}j . xsf/:o
lå?kb]zk|of]hgdlk kt~hlngf efio] ;Dos\ k|kl~rtd\ - kt~hlnM !((% M (#–($_ . efiodtdjnDAo
bLlIft]gflk k|f}9dgf]/dfofd'Qmd\ — xsf/:o k"jf]{kb]zM c6\cz\xz\O0f\u|x0f]if' xsf/u|x0ffy{M . cx]{0f, c8\Jojfo]˜lk
-kf*.$.@_ Olt 0fTjd\ . b]jf x;lGt , ef]]euf] - kf *.#.!& _ Olt /f]o{Tjd\ . b]jf] x;lt, xlz r - kf ^.!.!!$ _
OTo'Tjd\ . lnlnlx9\j] lnlnlxWj]], ljefif]]6M - kf *.#.&( _ Olt jf 9M . xn\ - df=;"= !$_ Olt ;"q+
jn\/n\emn\zn\;' xsf/u|x0ffy{d\ . ?lblx :jlklx . ?bflbEoM ;fj{wft's] - kf &.@.&^ _ Olt jnflbnIf0f O6\
l:glxTjf :g]lxTjf . /nf] Jo'kwfb\ - kf !.@.@^ _ Olt jf lsTTjd\ . cbfUwfd\ emnf] emln - kf *.@.@^ _
Olt ;sf/nf]]kM . clnIft\ . zn Ou'kwfblg6M - kf #.!.$% _ Olt S;M . -bLlIftM @)%$ M $–& _
;f/:jtJofs/0f] k|Tofxf/f0ff+ tyfljwM k|of]uf] g b[Zot], oyf kfl0fgLo] . cq lx Jofs/0f] Sjlrb]j
k|Tofxf/f0ff+ k|of]uM . cx]{0f ;j]{0f OTofbf} 0fTj+ t' l;4\oTo]j . ;f/:jtJofs/0f] lx 0fTjljwfos+ ;"qåod\— i?gf]{
0ff]˜gGt] , cjs'KjGt/]˜lk -:j¿kfrfo{M @)@$ M *)_ Olt . tq if\ r /\ r C r if{[M , t:o k~rDo]]sjrg]
i?M Olt . ifsf//]kmCj0f]{EoM k/:o gsf/:o 0fsf/fb]zf] ejlt , cGt] l:yt:o t' g ejlt ;jf{g\ OTofbf} Olt
k|yd;"qfy{M, cjk|Tofxf/]0f sju]{0f kju]{0f r dWo] Jojwfg]˜lk ejlt, gfGo]g Olt låtLo;"qfy{M -:j¿kfrfo{M
@)@$ M *)_ . tq cx]{0f OToq cjk|Tofxf/fGtu{t]g xsf/]0f JojlxtTjf00fTjd\ . ;j]{0f OToq r
cjk|Tofxf/fGtu{t]g jsf/]0f JojlxtTjf00fTjd\ .
…?lblxÚ …:jlklxÚ OTofbf} O8\ljwfgfy{~r ;f/:jtJofs/0f] ?bfb]Zrt'0ff{+ Xj;ffb]M -:j¿kfrfo{M @)@* M
(^_ Olt ;"q+ kl7td\ . ?bfb]M k/]iff+ ltaflbrt'0ff{+ dWo] xsf/j;fb]M k|Too:o]8\ejlt Olt tT;"qfy{M -:j¿kfrfo{M
@)@* M (^_ . ?bflbTj]g r — æ/f]lbltM :jlkltZr}j Zjl;ltM k|fl0flt:tyf . hlIfltZr}j lj1]of] ?bflbk~rsf]
u0fMÆ -:j¿kfrfo{M @)@* M (^_ Olt kl/u0fg+ s[td\ . kfl0fgLo] o] j0ff{M jNTj]g u[XoGt], t]˜q j;Tj]g u[XoGt]
. j;k|Tofxf/] r xsf/f]] gfoftLlt t:o k[yUu|x0f+ s[tdq . x\ r j; r Xj;f} . tf} cfbf} o:o ;M Xj;flbM, t:o
O8fud Olt ;"qfy{M . Pjd]j oq nsf/]0f u[xLt]if' /n\emn\zn\k|Tofxf/]if' xsf/u|x0ffy{M kfl0fgLo] xsf/:o k/f]]kb]zM
s[t:tq tq xsf/:o k[yUu|x0f+ s[t+ :oft\ ;f/:jt] . tTk'i6o] t' ;du|u|GyfWoog:ofjZost]lt tGgfq rRo{t] .
^=!=^=@ Jo~hgf]]kb]zqmdM
dfx]Zj/j0f{;dfDgfo] xsf/fltl/QmJo~hgfgfd'kb]zqmd OTyd\ — k|yddGtM:yfgfd\, …–oj/6\Ú …n0f\Ú Olt ,
ttM :kzf{gfd\ , tqflk k|yd+ sflbjuf{Gtu{tfgf+ k~rdj0ff{gfd\ …`dª0fgd\Ú Olt, ttf] ju{rt'y{j0ff{gfd\ …eme`\Ú
…39wif\Ú Olt, tt:t[tLoj0ff{gfd\ …hau8bz\Ú Olt . ttf] låtLofgf+ ttM k|ydfgfd\ …vkm57yr6tj\Ú …sko\Ú Olt,
tt pmid0ffd\ …zif;/\Ú Olt . cq k|lt;"q+ ;+jf/gfb3f]iff0ff+ s[t] k|yd+ rju{M, ttM kju{M, sju{M, 6ju{M, tju{
Olt qmdM, ljjf/Zjf;f3f]iff0ff+ t' ;dfgqmdf] gfl:t . ju{låtLofZr]t\ k|yd+ sju{M ttM kju{M, rju{M, 6ju{M, tju{
Olt qmdM— vkm57y Olt . ju{k|ydfZr]t\ k|yd+ rju{M, ttM 6ju{M, tju{M, sju{M, kju{ Olt qmdf] b[Zot]—
r6tsk Olt . k/Dk/futj0f{dfnf]kb]zfGdfx]Zj/;"qs[tf]kb]zqmdf] leGgM, csM -cOpCn[_ pmid0ff~r qmd+
ljxfo .
;f/:jtJofs/0f] :j/f0ffd'kb]zqmdM k/Dk/futj0f{dfnf]Qmqmd]0f ldnlt …cOpCn[Ú …PP]cf]cf}Ú Olt .
Jo~hg]if' xsf/fgGt/+ k|yddGtM:yfgfd\, …–oj/nÚ Olt, ttM :kzf{gfd\, tqflk k|yd+ sflbjuf{Gtu{tfgf+
k~rdj0ff{gfd\ …`0fgªdÚ Olt, ttf] ju{rt'y{j0ff{gfd\ …em9w3eÚ Olt ,tt:t[tLoj0ff{gfd\ …h8buaÚ Olt . ttf]
låtLofgf+ vkm57y Olt, ttM k|ydfgfd\ …r6tskÚ Olt , ttf] xsf/fltl/Qmfgfd"id0ffd\ …zif;Ú Olt .
OTy~r}tfjfg\ Jo~hgf]kb]zqmdM ;f/:jt:oflk dfx]Zj/]0f ;x ;dfgfot] . lsGt' k|lt;"q+ juf{g'qmdf] g ldnTo:o
dfx]Zj/]0f . cq ju{qmdf] oyf— k|yd+ rju{M, ttM 6ju{M, tju{M, sju{M, kju{ Olt . k|ltju{+ låtLoj0ff{gf+ t' g
tfb[zM qmdM . t]iff+ t' vkm57y Olt dfx]Zj/ Oj . OTy~r j0ff{gfd'kb]zqmdM dfx]Zj/;"qfk]Ifof ;f/:jt]
Jojl:yt Oj b[Zot] . dfx]Zj/] t' k|Tofxf/lgdf{0ff]b\b]Zod"ns Pj qmd Olt tb]j tGdxTTjd\ .
& ;+1fgf+ tb\ljwfos;"qf0ff~rfg'zLngd\
cy ;f/:jtJofs/0f] kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] r s[tfgf+ ;+1fgf+ tb\ljwfos;"qf0ff~r t'ngfTdsdg'zLng+
lqmot] .
&=! Jo~hg;+1f
;f/:jtJofs/0f] xsf/fbLgf+ Jo~hg;+1f s[tf x;fM Jo~hgflg Olt . xsf/fboM ;sf/fGtfM j0ff{M
Jo~hgflg ejGtLlt ;"qfy{M . Jo~hgflg :j/xLgfGo]j ejlGt, t]ijsf/M ;'vf]Rrf/0ffy{TjflbT;+1sM - :j¿kfrfo{M
@)@$M!(_ . kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] t' Jo~hg;+1f g s[tf . kfl0fgLo]˜lk xsf/flbijsf/ pRrf/0ffy{M - bLlIftM @))*
M !_
&=@ OT;+1f
;f/:jt] OT;+1fljwfos+ ;"qdl:t– sfof{o]t\ Olt . k|ToofBltl/QmM s:d}lrt\ sfof{of]Rrfo{df0ff] j0f{
OT;+1f] ejtLlt ;"qfy{M -:j¿kfrfo{M Ù @)@$M @)_ . k|ToofbLToq cflbzAbft\ k|Toofudfb]zf]k–
b]zE] of]˜ltl/Qmf]˜lwsM . k|Toofbltl/QmM cKk|TooflbM -tq ksf/flbM_, cfudfltl/QmM g'8fudflbM -tq 6sf/flbM_,
pkb]zM lziofVo¿kM xoj/n]ToflbM, cfb]zM k'+;f]˜;'ª\ OToflb¿kM . Pif' s:d}lrt\ sfof{of]Rrfo{df0ff] j0f{
OT;+1sfg'aGw;+1f] ejlt -rG›sLlt{MÙ@)@$M@!_ . sfo{ljz]if+ st{'dg'aGw¿k]0f k|Tooflbif' o] j0ff{ pRrfo{Gt],
t]iffldT;+1f ejtLTofzoM.
j0ff{gfdfBf]Rrf/0f+ låwf– sfof{y{+ >j0ffy{+ r]lt . sfof{y{+ oyf–ª]ªl;ª;\ªLgf+ ªsf/f] lªtf+ o6\ Olt
sfof{y{M . >j0ffyf]{ oyf– xsf/flbijsf/ Olt -zf:qLÙ@)@$M @)_ . uª\ufzAbft\ rt'Yo]{sjrg] ª]k|Too], ªsf/:o
…sfof{o]tÚ\ OtLT;+1fof+ P OTo:o lªŒjd\. lªtf+ o6\ Olt o8fud] …uª\uf o PÚ OToq csf/}sf/of]/}sf/fb]z] uª\ufo}
Olt . Plt uR5tLlt Ot\ . O0f\ utf} OTo:dft\ lSjk\ . x|:j:o lklt s[lt t's\ - kf=^.!.&!_ Olt t's\ .
cfz'ljgfzLToy{M .
OTy~r ;f/:jt] :j/f0ff+ Jo~hgfgf~r}s]g}j ;"q]0f]T;+1f ljlxtf .
kfl0fgLo] t' pkb]z]˜hg'gfl;s Ot\ -kf !.#.@_ Olt ;"q]0ffrf+, xnGTod\ -!.#.#_ Olt ;"q]0f r xnfldT;+1f
ljwLot] . cflbl`{6'8jM -kf !.#.%_, ifM k|Too:o -kf !.#.^_, r'6" - kf!.#.&_, nzSjtl4t] - kf !.#.*_
OTokLT;+1fljwfos;"qfl0f tq .
kfl0flggLo] ;"qif6\s]g s[t]T;+1f ;f/:jt] sfof{o]t\ PTo]s]g}j ;"q]0f s[t]lt sfof{o]Tog]g ;j]{iff+ u|x0f+ st{'+
zSot Olt tbfzof] b[Zot] .
&=# nf]kljlwM nf]k;+1f r
;f/:jt] s[t]T;+1fgf+ nf]kljlwM ;+1fk|s/0f] Pjf]Qm+ o:o]T;+1f t:o nf]kM -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ@)@$M@)_ Olt .
o:o j0ff{b]l/T;+1f s[tf, t:o nf]kf] ejtLlt ;"qfy{M . tq ls+ gfd nf]k OTofsfª\Iffofd]j nf]k;+1fdfx– j0ff{bz{g+
nf]kM -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ@)@$M@)_ Olt . bz{gzAbfy{M >j0fd\ . c>j0f+ nf]k Olt efjM .
kfl0fgLo]˜lk s[t]T;+1fgf+ nf]kf] ljwLot] . nf]kljlw:TjR;Gwf} k|:t'tM . ;"q~r– t:o nf]kM -kf !.#.(_ Olt
. t:o]T;+1s:o nf]kM :oflblt ;"qfy{M.
;f/:jtJofs/0ft'ngof kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] nf]kljwfos+ ;"q+ ;+lIfKtdl:t . o:o]T;+1]lt kbåo+
;f/:jt]˜lwsd\ . ;f/:jt] ls+ gfd nf]k OTofsfª\Iffofd]j nf]k;+1f]Qmf, lsGt' kfl0flgnf]{kljw]M k"j{d]j]T;+1fdfx –
cbz{g+ nf]kM -kf !.!.^)_ Olt . k|;Qm:ofbz{g+ nf]k;+1+ :oft\ Olt ;"qfy{M -bLlIftM @))*M%_ . cq lx nf]k;+1f
k|ydfWofo:o k|ydkfb]˜l:t r]t\ nf]kljlwM t:o t[tLokfb]˜l:t . OTy~r leGg}j åof]M z}nL .
åof]M nf]k;+1fljwfg:o ;dfgTj]˜lk kfl0fgLo;"qft\ ;f/:jt;"q+ j0f{åoflwSojt\ . tq j0f]{lt kbdlwsd\ .
cGoyf ;"q:j¿k] ;fDo+ b[Zot] .
&=$ nf]kz\;+1f
;f/:jtJofs/0f] nf]kz\;+1fKo'Qmf . ;"q~r– j0f{lj/f]wf] nf]kz\ -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$M@)_ Olt .
Ptb\j[lQ:t' d"nsf/]0f gf]Qmf . j0ff{gf+ lj/f]wM ;lGwsfo{jh{g+ ol:dg\ ; nf]kz\ sYot] . Ps+ j0f{+ ljgfzolt,
cGo:of]TklQ+ k|ltaWgftLlt nf]kz\ . tTkmn~r …nf]klz k'gg{ ;lGwMÚ oyf– t cfutf OToflbM -rG›sLlt{M Ù @)@$
M @! _ . nf]kZ;+1fk|b]zfZr øjf]nf]{kz\ jf kbfGt] -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$M@)_ , gfDgf] gf] nf]kz3f} -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ
@)@$M!#@_ OTofboM . t cfutf Olt k|yd:of]bfx/0fd\, /fhEofldTofbf} cb\le OTofTjfefjf] låtLo:of]bfx/0fd\ .
csf/ cf ejlt esf/] k/] -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$M&)_ Olt cb\le OTo:ofy{M . /fhEofd\ OToq gsf/:o nf]kz\
s[t Olt nf]klz k'gg{ ;lGwl/lt lgodft\ tqfTj¿k+ ljelQmsfo{+ g .
kfl0fgLo] Tj]tfb[zL ;+1f g b[Zot] . t cfutf OToflb;fwg~r tq leGgo}j k|lqmoof ejlt . tq lx t]
cfutf OToq Psf/:o Prf]˜ojfofjM Olt cofb]z] to\ cfutf OToq nf]kM zfsNo:o - kf *.#.!(_ OTog]g
osf/:o nf]kf] ljwLot] . t:o r lqkfbLTjft\ csM ;j0f]{ bL3{M -kf ^.!.!)!_ Olt ;kfb;KtfWofoL:yzf:qb[i6\of
onf]k:ofl;4Tj]g g bL3{¿k;lGwM . PjdGoqfKo]tfb[z:yn]if' . /fhEofldTofbf} t' gnf]kM ;'K:j/;+1ft'lUjlwif' s[lt
-kf *.@.@_ Olt ;'aflbljwf} gnf]k:ofl;4Tjljwfgft\ ;'lk r -kf &.#.!)@_ Olt bL3f]{ g]lt ;j]{i6l;l4M . ;f/:jt]
Tj]tfb[Zof Joj:yfof cefjfb'Qm¿kl;4o] nf]kZ;+1fofM sNkgf s[tf . cyjf tfb[zJoj:yfs/0f] uf}/jdg'e"o
;f/Nofo nf3jfo j}tT;+1fofM sNkgf s[tf :ofbq .
&=% cfudf˜˜b]z;+1f
Jofs/0f] zAbl;l4qmd cfudf cfb]zfZr ljwLoGt] . tq ls+ gfdfudM ls+ gfdfb]z Olt 1fkgfo tof]M
;+1f lqmot] ;f/:jt]– ldqjbfudM . zq'jbfb]zM -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$M@)_ Olt . æcfuR5tLTofudM . cfudf]
ldqjt\ . oyf ldq+ ldq:o ;dLk] cfuTof]kljzlt, tyf˜˜udf]˜Kofoflt . oyf gM ;s\ 5t] Olt ;uflbM . cfb]zM
zq'jt\ . oyf zq'M zq'+ ljgfZo tT:yfg] lti7lt, tyf˜˜b]zf]˜Kofb]lzg+ ljgfZo t:o :yfg] ejlt . z;M ;sf/:o
gsf/fb]zjt\Æ -rG›sLlt{MÙ@)@$M@!_ .
tq ;ufud:of]bfx/0f+ oyf– ejfg\±tgf]lt OToj:yfof+ gM ;s\ 5t] -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$M%#_ Olt
gfGt:o kb:o 5t] Ö …57yr6tÚ nIf0f] 5tk|Tofxf/] k/] ;s\ OTofud] lsTTjft\ cGTofjojTj]g l:yt],
gsf/:ofg':jf/] r …ejf+:tgf]ltÚ Olt .
kfl0fgLo] Tjfudf˜˜b]z;+1f g s[tf b[Zot] . :yflgjbfb]zf]˜glNjwf} Olt ;"qJofVofj;/]
afndgf]/dfofdfb]z:o ljifo] pQmd\– æo]g ljwLodfg]g cGo+ k|;Qm+ lgjt{t] ; cfb]zMÆ -bLlIftMÙ!(&^M&&_ Olt .
cfudzAbk|of]uM kfl0fgLo;"q]if' g k|fKot] . cfld ;j{gfDgM ;'6\ -kf &.!.%@_ OToflbleM ;"q}/fudzAbdk|o'Ho}j
;'8fBfudf ljwLoGt] . j[Qf} bLIft]gf˜˜udzAbM k|o'QmM . cj0ff{Gtft\ k/:o ;j{gfDgf] ljlxt:ofdM ;'8fudM :oft\ .
PTjifTj] . ;j]{iffd\ - bLlIftM @))*M!(_ Olt . cfBGtf} 6lstf} -kf!.!.$^_ ldbrf]˜GTofTk/M -kf !.!.$&_ Olt
;"qof]bL{lIftf]Qmfy{bz{gfRr cfudM cfuldgf]˜jojTj]g lti7tLlt 1fot] . æobfudf:tb\u'0fLe"tf:tb\u|x0f]g
u[XoGt]Æ Olt kl/efifof od'l2Zofudf] ljlxtM, ;M tb\u'0fLe"tM zf:q]0f tbjojTj]g af]lwtM , ct:tb\u|x0f]g
tb\u|fxs]0f tb\af]ws]g zAb]g u[Xot] -gfu]zM Ù !(()M$!_ Olt JofVofgfblk ls+ gfdfudM ls~r t:o
:j¿kldlt 1fot] .
j:t't:t' JofVofg]g af]wfk]Ifof ;+1fs/0fd]j nf3jldlt ;f/:jts[tf˜˜udf˜˜b]z;+1f ;d'lrtf .
&=^ ;+of]u;+1f
;f/:jtJofs/0f] ;+of]u;+1fljwfos+ ;"qdl:t– :j/fgGtl/tf x;fM ;+of]uM - :j¿kfrfo{M Ù @)@$M @)_
Olt . c:oflk d"nj[lQg{ b[Zot] . c:ofyf{kg~r]Ty+ s[td\– cGt/+ hft+ o]iff+ t] cGtl/tfM . g cGtl/tfM
cgGtl/tfM . :j/}/gGtl/tfM :j/fgGtl/tfM Ö :j/fGt//lxtfM . O{b[zf x;fM Ö Jo~hgj0ff{M ;+of]u;+1f pRoGt] .
cq ax'jrg+ hfTolek|fo]0f . t]g åof]/lk x;of]M ;+of]u;+1f :oft\ . oåf x;f} r x;fZr x;fM . Psz]ifM ;df;M .
;+of]usfo{+ t' ;+of]ufGt:o nf]k OTofbLlt -rG›sLlt{MÙ@)@$M@!_ . k|;fbsf/Zrfx– :j/}M csf/flbleM cgGtl/tfM
cJojlxtfM . ;+of]u OTo]sjrg]g j[Iff jgd\ Oltjt\ ;d'bfo;+1f -e§M @)@$M@!_ Olt . ;f/:jt:o
dgf]/dfljj[lQsf/:Tjfx– cGt/\ dWoduft\ Olt cGtl/tM, tbGof]˜gGtl/tM . :j/ cgGtl/tf] o]iff+ t] tyf -zf:qLÙ
@)@$M@!_ Olt .
kfl0fgLo] r ;+of]u;+1fljwfos+ ;"qdl:t– xnf]˜gGt/fM ;+of]uM -kf !.!.&_ Olt . tb\j[lQdfx bLlIftM -
@))*M#_– clHe/Jojlxtf xnM ;+of]u;+1fM :o'l/lt . afndgf]/dfof~rf]Rot]– cGt/zAbf]˜q Jojwfg] jt{t] .
Jojwfg~r ljhftLo]g}j. cljBdfgdGt/+ Jojwfg+ o]iffldlt lju|xM . æg`f]˜:Toyf{gfd\ ===Æ Olt ;df;M,
ljBdfgzAb:o nf]kZr .=== cq r xnf} r xnZr xn OTo]sz]ifM . t]g åof]/lk ;+of]u;+1f nEot] . ttZr
lzIf]Toq u'/f]Zr xnM -kf #.#.!)#_ OTok|TooM l;Wolt . cq r ;d'bfo:o}j ;+of]u;+1f, dxf;+1fs/0fft\,
JofVofgfRr, g t' k|To]sd\ -bLlIftM Ù!((^ M %*_ Olt .
OTy~r åof]/lk Jofs/0fof]/hJojlxtJo~hgfgf+ ;+of]u;+1f lqmot Olt tof]?2]Zout+ ljw]out~r ;fDo+
b[Zot] . cq ;"q] tb\JofVofof~r ;f/:jt] kfl0fgLoJofs/0f:o k|efjf] b[li6kydfoflt .
&=& ju{;+1f
;f/:jtJofs/0f] ju{;+1f˜lk s[tfl:t . tlåwfos;"q~r– s'r'6't'k' juf{M -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$M@)_ Olt .
Pt] k~r ju{;+1sf ejGtLlt ;"qfy{M . tTsfo{+ æ:tf]M Zr'leM Zr'MÆ, æi6'leM i6'MÆ, æs'Kjf]M Ms Mkf} jfÆ OToflb -
rG›sLlt{M @)@$ Ù @!_ . ju{kbfy{dfx k|;fbsf/M– jHo{Gt] ;'vu|x0ffy{+ ljhftLof Pif' t] === juf{M .
;hftLoj0f{;d"xfM tb\u|fxsf OToy{M -e§M Ù@)@$M@@_ . s'r'6't'k' OToq psf/M lsdy{ OToq d"nsf/]0ff]Qmd\–
psf/M k~rj0f{kl/u|x0ffy{M - :j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$M@)_ Olt . psf/M :j/]if' k~rdL dfqf, t]g s' OTofB'Qm]
svu3ª, OTofbLlg k~r k~rfIf/fl0f u[XoGt] - rG›sLlt{MÙ @)@$M@!_ .
kfl0fgLo] t' ju{;+1f g s[tf b[Zot] . juf{:t' vn' ;ª\s]lttfM c0f'lbT;j0f{:o rfk|TooM -kf !.!.^(_ Olt
;"q]. tT;"qfyf{kgqmd] bLlIft]gf]Qmd\– cljwLodfgf]˜0f\ plbRr ;j0f{:o ;+1f :oft\ .===s'r'6't'k' Pt] plbtM -
bLlIftMÙ@))*M#_ Olt . ju{zAbf]˜lk bLlIft]g k|o'QmM afXok|oTgf]kb]zqmd]– ju]{ijfBfgf+ rt'0ff{+ k~rd] k/] dWo]
odf] gfd k"j{;b[zf] j0f{M k|fltzfVo] k|l;4M .=====juf{0ff+ k|ydt[tLok~rdfM k|ydt[tLoodf} o/njfZrfNkk|f0ffM -
bLlIftM Ù @))*M@_ Olt .
OTy~r åof]/lk Jofs/0fof]j{u{zAbM k|rlnt Olt ;fDod\, lsGt' ;f/:jt] ju{;+1f s[tf, kfl0fgLo] t' g
s[tf, kfl0flggf ;"q]if' ; zAb Pj g k|o'Qm Olt j}ifDo+ åof]M .
&=* u'0f;+1f
;f/:jtJofs/0f] kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] r u'0f;+1f s[tf b[Zot] . tq ;f/:jt] u'0f;+1fljwfos+ ;"qd\– c/]bf]
gfldgf] u'0fM Olt . gfld:yflgsfM c/\ P cf] Pt] u'0f;+1sf ejlGt -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ@)@$M@@_ Olt ;"qfy{M .
ægfld:yflgsfM gfld:yfg] hftfM– Csf/:o C[sf/:o r :yfg] c/\, Osf/:o O{sf/:o r P, psf/:o pmsf/:o
r cf], Pt] r qof] u'0f;+1sf ejlGt . n[j0f{:t' ;fj0of{b\ u|fXoM . t]g n[sf/:o cn\ u'0fM . tTsfof{l0f r u'0fM,
pkwfofM n3f]M OTofbLlgÆ - rG›sLlt{MÙ @)@$M@#_ . u'0f Olt ;"q]0f wftf]/GToe"t:o gfldgf] u'0ff] ejlt . e"–
ejlt OTofB'bfx/0fd\ . pkwfofM n3f]l/lt ;"q]0f r wftf]?kwfof n3f]gf{ldgf] u'0ff] ejlt . r]tlt OTofB'bfx/0fd\
.
 kfl0fgLo] r u'0f;+1fljwfos+ ;"qd\– cb]ª\ u'0fM -kf !.!.@_ Olt .cb]ª\ r u'0f;+1M :oft\ -bLlIftM
Ù@))*M#_ Olt ;"qfy{M . c P cf] OTo]t]iff+ u'0f;+1f˜g]g ljwLot] . csf/–Csf/of]M :yfg] u'0f] ;lt /k/f]˜sf/M .
s[i0f±Cl4M Ö s[i0fl4{l/lt . /k/Tj~r p/0f\ /k/M -kf !.!.%!_ Olt Joj:yfKot] . csf/n[sf/of]M :yfg] hfodfgf]
u'0ff]˜sf/M nk/M . tj ± n[sf/M Ö tjNsf/ Olt . pk]G› OTofbf} csf/]sf/of]M :yfg] u'0f Psf/M . tjf]bgM
uª\uf]bsldTofbf} cj0ff]{j0f{of]M :yfg] u'0f cf]sf/M . Pjd]j Oj0f{:o u'0f Psf/M . r]tf g]tf OToflb . pj0f{:o
:yfg] u'0f cf]sf/M . df]bt], ejlt OToflb . stf{ OTofbf} Csf/:o :yfg]˜lk u'0ff] /k/ csf/M .
;f/:jt]˜R;Gwf} u'0fzAb]g u'0fljwfg+ gfl:t . c O P , p cf], C c/\ Olt ;"qqo]0f u'0f;b[zM ;lGwM
lqmot] . ct Pjf˜sf/:o u'0f;+1f gfjZosL tq . ltªGtk|s/0f] Os Pj u'0ff] ejtLlt /]km/lxt:ofsf/:o
u'0f;+1fdljwfo c/\ P cf] OTo]t]iff+ u'0f;+1f ljlxtf . OTy~r åof]/lk u'0f;+1f ljlxt]lt ;fDod\ . ;f/:jt] c/\
P cf] Olt u'0f;+1sfM, kfl0fgLo] t' c P cf] Olt /]kms[t+ j}ifDod\ .
&=( j[l4;+1f
;f/:jt] s[tf j[l4;+1f˜lk u'0f;+1]j kfl0fgLofå}nIf0o+ eht] . cq j[l4;+1fljwfos+ ;"qd\– cf/}/f} j[l4M
Olt . cf, cf/\, P], cf} Pt] j[l4;+1f ejlGt -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ@)@$M@@_ Olt ;"qfy{M . cfZr cf/\ r P]Zr cf}Zr,
Piff+ ;dfxf/M . csf/:o cf j[l4M, Csf/:o cf/\, Oj0f{:o Psf/:o r P], pj0f{:o cf]sf/:o r cf} .
Csf/n[sf/of]M ;fj0of{b]j n[sf/:o cfn\ j[l4M .=== PtTsfof{l0f r æwftf]gf{ldgMÆ æct pkwfofMÆ OTofbLlg .
k|yd;"qfy{M– wftf]/GToe"t:o gfldgf] j[l4e{jlt l`lt l0flt r k/] -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@*M #&_ . rsf/
OTofB'bfx/0fd\ . låtLo;"qfy{M– wftf]?kwfof csf/:o j[l4e{jlt l`lt l0flt r k/] -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@*M ##_ Olt
. rvfb OTofB'bfx/0fd\ .
kfl0fgLo] t' j[l4;+1fljwfos+ ;"q+ j[l4/fb}r\ -kf !.!.!_ Olt . cfb}Rr j[l4;+1M :oft\ -bLlIftMÙ@))*M#_
Olt ;"qfy{M . j[l4;+1fofM sfo{b]zfZr– rvfb hufb Tofu OTofB'bfx/0f]if' j[l4ljwfosd\ æct pkwfofMÆ -kf
&.@.!!^_ OltÙ s[i0f}sTjd\ , uª\uf}3M OTofbf} j[l4ljwfos+ æj[l4/]lrÆ -kf^.!.**_ OltÙ cr}ifLt\, cnfjLt\,
csfifL{t\ OTofbf} j[l4ljwfos+ l;lr j[l4M k/:d}kb]if' -kf &.@.!_ OTofboM .
OTy~r åof]/lk Jofs/0fof]j{[l4;+1fs/0f+ ;dfgd\ . ;f/:jt] cf/\ OTo:oflk ;f ;+1]Tolwsd\ . tRr p/0f\
/k/M OTo]tfb[z:o /k/Tjljwfos;"q:ofefjft\ . kfl0fgLo] t' t]g ;"q]0f /k/Tj+ ljwLot Olt cf/\ OTo:o j[l4;+1f
gf]Qmf . Ptb]j j}ifDo+ åof]M . u'0f;+1fof Oj j[l4;+1fof clk ;lGwif' gf]kof]uM ;f/:jt] . j[l4zAb]g j[l4dljwfo
æP P] P] Æ, æcf] cf} cf}Æ OToflb/LTof P]sf/flb¿k;lGwljwfgfbKoR;Gwf} j[l4;+1fof gf]kof]u:tq .
u'0fj[l4;+1of]M ;lGwijk|of]uM ;f/:jtJofs/0f:o kfl0fgLofb\ j}lzi6\od\ .
&=!) l6;+1f
;f/:jt] l6;+1fljwfos+ ;"qdl:t– æcGTo:j/flbli6MÆ Olt . cGTof] oM :j/:tbflbj0f{l:6;+1M -
:j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$M@#_ Olt ;"qfy{M . l6;+1fsfo{+ t' æl8lt 6]MÆ OToflb . x/f} ;vf OTofB'bfx/0fd\ . xl/zAbft\
ªf}, æª]/f} l8t\Æ Olt ª]M :yfg] cf}sf/fb]z] t:o l8Œj] r l8lt 6]M Olt 6]M -Osf/:o_ nf]k] j0f{;Dd]ng] x/f} Olt .
Pjd\ ;lvzAbft\ ;f} -k|yd}sjrg] l;k|Too]_ æ;]8f{˜3]MÆ Olt ;]M :yfg] 8fb]z], 8sf/:o]T;+1fof+ æl8lt 6]MÆ Olt
6]M ;lvzAb]sf/:o nf]k] ;vf Olt . Pjd]j æxnfb]/Liffbf} 6]nf]{kf] jQmJoMÆ Olt ;"q]0f xn±O{iff ÖxnLiff, dg;\
±O{iff ÖdgLiff OTofbf} l6nf]kf]˜lk c:of]bfx/0fd\ .
 kfl0fgLo] l6;+1fljwfos+ ;"qdl:t– æcrf]˜GToflb l6Æ Olt . ;"qfy{Zr– crf+ dWo] of]˜GToM ; cflbo{:o
tl§;+1+ :oft\ -bLlIftMÙ@))*M&–*_ Olt . l6;+1fsfo{~r zsGWjflbif' k/¿k+ jfRod\ - bLlIftM Ù @))*M*_ Olt
jflt{sd\, zsGw'M, ss{Gw'M, dgLiff OTofbLlg tb'bfx/0fflg, æ6]MÆ -kf ^.$.!$#_ Olt ;"qd\, st/b\ OTofB'bfx/0fd\,
æ6]MÆ -kf ^.$.!%%_ Olt ;"qd\, k|lydf -k[yf]ef{jM_, d|lbdf -d[bf]ef{jM_, dlxdf -dxtf] efjM_ OTofbLlg tb'bfx/0fflg
r . cq æ6]MÆ Olt å] leGg] ;"q] . tq}s]g -k|yd]g_ l8lt k/] e:o 6]nf]{kf] ljwLot] -bLlIftM Ù @))* M#!_ .
cGo]g t' Oi7]d]o:;' e:o 6]nf]{kf] ljwLot] -bLlIftM Ù @))* M !%(_ .
åof]/lk Jofs/0fof]li6;+1f lqmot Olt ;+1fut+ ;fDod\ . ;"qof]j{0f{utleGgtfofdlk ;"qfy]{ ;fDod\ .
;+1fofM sfo{If]qGt' lsl~rb\leGgd\ . xnLiff, dgLiff OTofbLgf+ l;4o] åof]/lk l6;+1f]kof]uM lqmot], lsGt'
tb'kof]uz}nL leGgfl:t . ;f/:jt] l6nf]kM lqmot] r]t\ kfl0fgLo] 6]M k/¿k+ ljwLot] . ;vf OTo:o l;4o] ;f/:jt]
;]8f{b]z+ ljwfo l8Œjfl§nf]kM sNKot] r]t\ kfl0fgLo] æcgª\ ;f}Æ -kf &.!.(#_ Olt Osf/:o cgªfb]z+ kl/sNKo
pkwfbL3]{0f, ;f]x{Nª\oflbnf]k]g gsf/nf]k]g r ¿k+ ;fWot], ct:tq ;vf OTo:o l;4o] l6;+1f]kof]uf] g lqmot] .
x/f} OToqflk g l6;+1f]kof]uM, cRr 3]M -kf &.#.!!(_ OTog]g l;4TjfQ:o .
OTy~r åof]/lk Jofs/0fof]li6;+1fljwfg;fDo]˜lk k|of]uIf]qut+ z}nLut~r j}ifDod\ .
&=!! pkwf;+1f
;f/:jtJofs/0f] pkwf;+1fljwfos+ ;"qdl:t– æcGTofTk"j{ pkwfÆ Olt . cGToft\ j0f{dfqft\ k"jf]{ of] j0f{M
; pkwf;+1f] ejlt - :j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$ M@$_ Olt ;"qfy{M . PtTsfof{l0f r ægf]kwfofMÆ, æct pkwfofMÆ
OTofbLlg . k|yd]g gfGt:of]kwfof bL3f]{ ejlt, s'nflg OTofB'bfx/0fd\, låtLo]g r wftf]?kwfof bL3f]{ ejlt,
rvfb OTofB'bfx/0fd\ .
kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] pkwf;+1fljwfos+ ;"qd\– æcnf]˜GToft\ k"j{ pkwfÆ -kf !.!.^^_ Olt . cGTofbnM k"jf]{
j0f{ pkwf;+1M :oft\ Olt ;"qfy{M . PtTsfo{If]q~r æ;j{gfd:yfg] rf;Da'4f}Æ -kf ^.$.*_ Olt gfGt:of]kwfof
bL3{ljwfos+ ;"qd\, /fhf OToflb tb'bfx/0fd\, æct pkwfofMæ -kf &.@.!!^_ Olt pkwfofM ctf] j[l4ljwfos+
;"qd\, rvfb OToflb tb'bfx/0f~r .
OTy~rf]kwf;+1fljifo] ;+1f, tlåwfos;"q+ tTsfo{If]q~r]lt kIfqodlk åof]/lk Jofs/0fof]M ;dfg+ b[Zot]
. Ptfjb]j j}ifDo+ ot\– kfl0fgLo] ;vf OTo:o l;l4?kwfbL3]{0f ejlt r]t\, ;f/:jt] ;]8f{b]zljwfg]g .
&=!@ n3'u'?;+1]
;f/:jtJofs/0f] n3';+1fljwfos+ ;"qd\– æc;+of]uflbk/f] x|:jf] n3'MÆ Olt, u'?;+1fljwfos+ ;"qd\–
lj;uf{g':jf/;+of]uk/f] bL3{Zr u'?M - :j¿kfrfo{MÙ @)@$.#.$_ Olt . ;"qof]/y{M :ki6 Pj .
kfl0fgLo] t' n3';+1fljwfos+ ;"qd\– x|:j+ n3' -kf !.$.!)_ Olt, u'?;+1fljwfos+ ;"qåod\– ;+of]u] u'? -
kf !.$!!_, bL3{+ r -!.$.!@_ Olt . kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] lj;uf{g':jf/k/:o u'?Tj+ n3'Tj+ j]lt gf]Qmd\ . Jojxf/] t'
tfb[z:o u'?Tjd]j . Jojxf/] b[i6:oflk kfl0fgLo;"q]ijg'Qm:o t:o}j Joj:yf ;f/:jt] s[t]lt t:o dxŒjk"0f{+
j}lzi6\oldbd\ .
&=!# cg'gfl;slg/g'gfl;s;+1]
 ;f/:jtJofs/0f] cg'gfl;s;+1fljwfos+ ;"qd\–æd'vgfl;sfEofd'Rrfo{df0ff] j0ff]{˜g'gfl;sMÆ Olt .
lg/g'gfl;s;+1fljwfos+ ;"qd\\– d'v]gf]Rrfo{df0ff] lg/g'gfl;sM -:j¿kfrfo{M @)@$M@$_ Olt . cy{M ;"qt Pj
:ki6 Olt ;"qfy{M k[yª\gf]QmM .
kfl0fgLo] r cg'gfl;s;+1fljwfos+ ;"qd\– d'vgfl;sfjrgf]˜g'gfl;sM -kf !.!.*_ Olt . pRot]˜;f}
jrgM . afx'nsft\ sd{l0f No'6\ . d'v;lxtf gfl;sf d'vgfl;sf . tof jrg Olt ;fwg+ s[tf Olt jflt{s]g
;df;M -gfu]zMÙ@)%#M@^_ . ct Pj ;"qfy{ OTyd\\– d'v;lxtgfl;sof]Rrfo{df0ff] j0ff]{˜g'gfl;s;+1M :oft\ -
bLlIftMÙ @))*M @_ Olt .
kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] lg/g'gfl;s;+1f t' g s[tf . o:ofg'gfl;s;+1f g s[tf, ;M :jt Pj lg/g'gfl;s Olt
1fot Pj]lt efj]g ;f ;+1f g s[tf :oft\ .
&=!$ lj;h{gLofg':jf/;+1]
;f/:jt] æcM Olt lj;h{gLoMÆ Olt ;"q]0f lj;h{gLo;+1f ljlxtf, æj0f{lz/f]laGb'/g':jf/MÆ Olt ;"q]0f
rfg':jf/;+1f ljlxtf -:j¿kfrfo{MÙ@)@$M@$_ . kfl0fgLoJof/0f] t' lj;h{gLo;+1f cg':jf/;+1f r g ljlxtf .
sf}d'Bf+ t' æc+ cM OTorM k/fjg':jf/lj;uf}{ Æ OTo'STjf tof]M kl/roM sfl/tM -bLlIftM @))*M @_ .
* j0ff{gf+ :yfglgwf{/0fd\
kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] sf}d'Bf+ oyf s]iff+ s]iff+ j0ff{gf+ ls+ lsd'Rrf/0f:yfgldlt jl0f{t+, ty}j ;f/:jt]˜lk
jl0f{t+ b[Zot] . t:o s[t] ;"qfl0f t' g ;lGt, lsGt' sf}d'Bfldj j[Qf} JofVofg¿k]0f}j Joj:yf s[tf . æs:o ls+
k'gM :yfgldTok]Iffof+ cs'xlj;h{gLofgf+ s07MÆ OToflbqmd]0f :yfglgwf{/0f+ s[td\ . PtQ' j}ifDo+ ot\\– ;f/:jt]
j0ff{gf+ k|oTgf]kb]zM s[tf] gfl:t .
( ;f/:jt]˜k|o'QmfM kfl0fgLo;+1fM
;f/:jtJofs/0f] ;+1fk|s/0f] kfl0fGo'Qmfgf+ sf;fl~rt\ ;+1fgf+ Joj:yf g s[tf . tfZr oyf– -!_
pbfQ;+1f, -@_ cg'bfQ;+1f, -#_ :jl/t;+1f, -$_ wft';+1f, -%_ lgkft;+1f, -^_ pk;u{;+1f, -&_ ult;+1f, -*_
ljefiff;+1f -(_ cj;fg;+1f, -!)_ ;+lxtf;+1f, -!!_ kb;+1f r]lt .
Ptbltl/Qmd\– kfl0fgLoJofs/0f] c0f'lbT;j0f{:o rfk|TooM Olt ;"q]0f c0f plbtZr ;j0f{u|fxsTjd'Qmd\,
;f/:jt] t:o s[t] ;"qGt' gfl:t, lsGt' æj0f{u|x0f] ;j0f{u|x0fdd\Æ Olt jrg+ kl7td\ . kfl0fgLo] tk/:tTsfn:o
Olt ;"q]0f of Joj:yf lqmot], tTs[t] ;f/:jt] ætk/u|x0f+ tfjGdfqfy{d\Æ Olt jrg+ kl7td\ . æsf/u|x0f]
s]jnu|x0fd\Æ OTolk tq Joj:yf s[tf . o]g ljlwl/lt ;"q]0f ljwLodfgf tbGtljlwJoj:yf t' ;f/:jt:o
;+1fk|s/0f] s[tf g b[Zot] .
!) åof]Jof{s/0fof]M ;+1fk|s/0fut+ ;fDoj}ifDod\
cq gjljwJofs/0f]ijGotd:o ;f/:jtJofs/0f:o t]if' ;jf]{Ts[i6]g kfl0fgLoJofs/0f]g ;x
;+1fk|s/0ffwf/]0f tf]ng+ s[Tjf åof]Jof{s/0fof]M ;fDoj}ifDodg'zLlntd\ . tbq ;+If]k]0f k|:t"ot]–
!)=! åof]Jof{s/0fof]M ;fDoflg
– åof]/lk Jofs/0fof]M ;+1fk|s/0f+ j0ff]{kb]ztM k|f/Awd\ .
– ;f/:jt]˜lk kfl0fgLo] Oj k|yd+ :j/f0ffd'kb]zM, ttf] Jo~hgfgfd\ .
– cGtM:yfgf+, låtLoj0ff{gfd"id0ff~rf]kb]zqmdM ;f/:jtkfl0fgLoof]M ;dfgM .
–j0ff]{kb]z] k~rdrt'y{t[tLolåtLok|ydj0f{qmd]0f åof]/Ko'kb]zqmd Olt ;fDod\ .
!)=@ åof]Jof{s/0fof]/f+lzs;fDoflg
–OT;+1f åof]/lk ;dfgf, lsGt' ;"qflbs+ leGgd\ . Pjd]j nf]k;+of]uu'0fj[l4l6–pkwfn3'u'?–cg'gfl;s;+1fM
åof]/lk Jofs/0fof]M s[tf Olt tQT;+1fb[i6\of åof]M ;fDod\, tQT;+1fljwfos;"q:j¿kGt' åof]le{Ggldlt
;"q:j¿kb[i6\of j}ifDod\ .
– Ptbltl/Qm+ kfl0fgLo] c0f'lbT;j0f{:o rfk|TooM, tk/:tTsfn:o OTo]jdfbof] ljz]ifJoj:yfljwfosflg ;"qfl0f
;+1fk|s/0f] kl7tflg, lsGt' ;f/:jt] tyfljwflg ;"qfl0f g ;lGt, j0f{u|x0f] ;j0f{u|x0fd\ , tk/s/0f+ tfjGdfqfy{d\
OToflbljj[lQjrg}:tb\Joj:yf s[tf .
!)=# åof]Jof{s/0fof]j}{ifDoflg
– ;+1fk|s/0f:o k|of]hg+ ;f/:jt Pjf]Qmd\ .
– kfl0fgLo] j0ff]{kb]z¿k]0f ;fg'aGwsflg dfx]Zj/fl0f rt'b{z;"qf0o'k:yflktflg, ;f/:jt] Tjg'aGw+ ljg}j gj;"q]if'
j0ff]{kb]zM s[tM .
– kfl0fgLo] xsf/f] lå?klbi6M, ;f/:jt] Tj]sjf/d]j – Jo~hgfgfdfbf} .
– ;f/:jt] ;"qåo]g :j/f0ffd'kb]zM ;"q;Kts]g r Jo~hgfgfd\, kfl0fgLo] t' ;"qrt'i6o]g :j/f0ffd'kb]zM,
;"qbzs]g r Jo~hgfgfd\ .
–;f/:jt] cOpCn[ OTo]t]iff+ ;dfg;+1f, PP]cf]cf} OTo]t]iff+ r ;GWoIf/;+1f s[tf, kfl0fgLo] t' tyf g .
–kfl0fgLo] oyfHdfqlgld{tf c0f]ªfboM k|Tofxf/fM ;lGt, tyf ;f/:jt] g ;lGt .
– ;f/:jt] PP]cf]cf} Olt :j/f0ffd'kb]zqmdM, kfl0fgLo] t' Pcf]P]cf} Olt .
–;f/:jt] Jo~hgf]kb]zqmdM k|foM ;j{q ;"q]if' ;dfgM -rju{–6ju{–tju{–sju{–kju{ Olt_ , kfl0fgLo] t' tyf g
b[Zot] .
– cGtM:yfg\, låtLoj0ff{FZr ljxfofGo]iff+ j0ff{gf'kb]zqmdM ;f/:jtkfl0fgLoof]le{GgM .
–åof]/lk Jofs/0fof]M j0ff]{kb]zz}Nof+ lsl~rb\ j}leGod\, k|Tofxf/:j¿k]ijlk Jofks+ j}leGod\ .
– ;f/:jt] ;dfg;+1f, ;GWoIf/;+1f, :j/;+1f, gfld;+1f, Jo~hg;+1f r j0ff{gf+ s[tM, lsGt' kfl0fgLo] tfM ;+1fM
g}j b[ZoGt] .
–nf]kzfudfb]zju{lg/g'gfl;slj;h{gLofg':jf/;+1fZr ;f/:jt] Pj s[tfM kfl0fgLo] g s[tf Olt tb\ b[i6\of
åof]j}{ifDod\ .
–kfl0fGo'Qmf pbfQfg'bfQ:jl/twft'lgkftf]k;u{ultljefiff˜j;fg;+lxtfkb;+1fZr ;f/:jt] g s[tf Olt tblk
åof]j}{ifDod\ .
–;f/:jt] j0ff]{kb]z;"qf0olk ;+of]Ho k~rlj+zltM ;"qfl0f ;+1fk|s/0f] kl7tflg r]t\ kfl0fgLoJofs/0f:o
l;4fGtsf}d'Bf+ qol:q+zt\ kfl0fgLo;"qfl0f kl7tflg ;lGt . dfx]Zj/f0ff+ rt'b{z;"qf0ff+ of]u] s[t] ;KtrTjfl/+zt\
;"q;+Vof ejlt . OTy~r ;"q;+Vofb[i6\oflk j}leGo+ åof]M .

!! lgisif{M
OTy~r– lg/g'aGw}M, dfx]Zj/;"qfk]IfofNk}Zr -gjleM_ ;"q}j{0ff]{kb]zM, k|foM k|lt;"q+ k~r j0ff{g\ ;dfljZo
j0ff]{kb]zM, j0ff]{]kb]z]g ;x}j j0ff{gf+ ;+1fljwfgd\, dfx]Zj/;"qfk]Ifof s]glrb\ leGg]g qmd]0f j0ff]{kb]zM,
xsf/:o}sb}jf]kb]zM, cHdfqlgld{tk|Tofxf/fefjM, nf]sk|rlntqmd]0f :j/f0ffd'kb]zM, k|foM ;dfgqmd]0f
Jo~hgfgfd'kb]zM, nf]k–;+of]u–u'0f–j[l4–l6–pkwf–n3'–u'?–cg'gfl;s;+1fgf+ kfl0fgLoJofs/0f]g ;fDo] ;Tolk
tQlåwfos;"q:j¿kb[i6\of t]g j}ifDod\, kfl0fgLo] ;+1fds[Tj}j k|o'Qmfgfd\ cfb]zfudju{lg/g'gfl;s–
lj;h{gLofg':jf/f0ff+ tQT;+1fs/0fd\, kfl0fgLo] sbfKo>'tfofM nf]kz\;+1fofM sNkgf, kfl0fGo'Qmfgf+
pbfQfg'bfQ:jl/t–wft'–lgkftf]k;u{–ult–ljefiffj;fg–;+lxtf–kb;+1fgfdefjM, ;"q;+VofutfNkTjd\, ;"q:j¿k]
df}lns] ;Tolk tq kfl0fgLok|efj OTofbLlg ;f/:jtJofs/0f:o j}lzi6\oflg k|fKoGt] . s'qlrt\
;f/:jtkfl0fgLoJofs/0fof]M ;fDod\, s'qlrb\ j}ifDod\ . tq ;fDofgfdNktf, j}ifDofgfdflwSod\ .
cfudf˜˜b]zju{lg/g'gfl;slj;h{gLofg':jf/;+1fZr ;f/:jt] Pj s[tfM kfl0fgLo] g s[tf Olt tH1fgfo, n3'u'jf]{M
:ki6tfo}} r ;f/:jtJofs/0f+ kfl0fgLoJofs/0ffWo]t[juf{0ffdKo'kof]lu eljt'+ zSgf]lt .
 ;Gbe{u|Gy;"rL

bLlIftM, e§f]lhM -@)%$_, k|f}9dgf]/df, cJooLefjfGtf -rt'y{=;+=_, jf/f0f;L M jf0fLljnf; k|sfzg .

bLlIftM, e§f]lhM -@))*_, j}ofs/0fl;4fGtsf}d'bL -d"ndfq+ k'=d'=;+=_, jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ljBfejg .
bLlIftM, jf;'b]jM -Jof=_ -!((^_, j}ofs/0fl;4fGtsf}d'bL æafndgf]/df JofVoof ;dnÍ[tf, sf/sfGtM k|ydf]
efuM -rt'y{=;+=_, jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ;'/ef/tL k|sfzg .
låj]bL, a|XdbQM -Jof=_ -@)&%_, n3'zAb]Gb'z]v/M, /flwsfJofVof]k]tM, k~r;GWoGtf] efuM, -rt'y{=;+=_, jf/f0f;L M
rf}vDaf ;+:s[t ;L/Lh cflkm; .
gfu]ze§M -!(()_, kl/efif]Gb'z]v/M , ;'af]lwgLJofVof]k]tM, -lå= ;+= _, jf/f0f;LM rf}vDaf ;'/ef/tL k|sfzg .
gfu]ze§M -@)%#_, n3'zAb]Gb'z]v/M, cJooLefjfGtM -gjd ;+=_ jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ;+:s[t ;+:yfg .
kt~hlnM -!((%_, Jofs/0fdxfefiod\, k|ydgjflXgsd\ -k'=d'=;+=_, lbNnL M df]tLnfn agf/;Lbf; .
kfl0flgM -@)$&_, kfl0fgLo;"qkf7M xl/j+zs'df/kf08]o;DkflbtM, jf/f0f;L M ef/tLo ljBf ;+:yfg .
e§M, jf;'b]jM -6L=_ -@)@$_ , k|;fb 6Lsf , ;f/:jtJofs/0fd\, k"jf{b{\wd\, -k|= ;+=_, jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ;+:s[t
;L/Lh cflkm; .
et{[xl/M -@)!*_, jfSokbLd\ a|Xdsf08d\ -lå=;+=_ , jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ;+:s[t ;L/Lh .
dLdf+;s, o'lwli7/ -@))&_, ;+:s[t Jofs/0f zf:qsf Oltxf;, b]x/fb"g M >L k+ euj2QhL aL P j}lbs ;fwg
cf>d .
zf:qL, gjlszf]/ -@)@$_ , -6L=_ ;f/:jtJofs/0fd\, dgf]/dof ljj[Q\of ;d'b\efl;td\, k"jf{4d\ -lå= ;+=_ ,
jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ;+:s[t ;L/Lh cflkm; .
:j¿kfrfo{M, cg'e"ltM -@)@*_, ;f/:jtJofs/0fd\ , pQ/fb{\wd\, -lå= ;+=_, jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ;+:s[t ;L/Lh
cflkm; .
:j¿kfrfo{M, cg'e"ltM -@)@$_, ;f/:jtJofs/0fd\ , k"jf{b{\wd\, -k|= ;+=_, jf/f0f;L M rf}vDaf ;+:s[t ;L/Lh
cflkm; .