ART INTEGRATED LEARNING

NAME- ANISHKA SAXENA

➲ CLASS & SECTION – IX (C)
➲ ROLL NUMBER (NO.) -06
➲ SUBJECT- ENGLISH
➲ TOPIC - INFORMATION ABOUT MUSICAL INSTRU-
MENTS PLAYED IN INDIAN WEDDING AS WELL AS
HISTORY OF THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND ITS
PLAYER
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED
IN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ SITAR MUSIC INSTRUMENT:-
➲ * Sitar is one of the most popular India classic music instru-
ments. Sitar has a long neck with twenty metal frets and seven
cords. These frets are adjoined with thirteen strings which are
tuned to the notes of raga, A round shape or a gourd which acts
as a sound board is grounded at the lower end of the neck of the
sitar. Renowned sitar players who have established themselves
playing sitar are Pt. Ravi Shankar, Ustaad Abdul Halim Zaffar
Khan and many more.
➲ * History:- The history of the sitar is disputed, with Western
schloars favouring West Asian origins, an Indian schloars fa-
vouring local Indian origins. Foreign origins:- The predominant
western sc they argue were introduced and popularised during
the period of Mughal rule.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ Those favouring this view say that the evidence of indigenous
long- necked lutes in India is particularly lacking. According to
this view, when Muslim rule began in Northern India in 1192,
the conquerors brought with them tanbur-family instruments,
and other instruments in their "multi-national" army. In this
early period, the Muslim instrument was linked to the tradition
of Sufi ecastatic dance,
➲ "sufiana-rang". In the early Mughal Empire (1526-
➲ 1707), tanbur style instruments continued to be used in court.
They were beginning to change; in images from the period, an
instrument resembling Uzbek dutar or a tambura is being played
on the shoulder, with the "deep bridge of the modern sitar and
the tambura".
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ Looking at the musicians (the way they played their instruments
in surviving images, their identities that were recorded) led his-
torian Alastair Dick to conclude that the instrument was being
adopted for Hindu music by Hindu musicians. The instrument
was used for "Persian and Hindu melodies"
➲ HISTORY:- … INVADING Muslims simply changed into Per-
sian the name of an existing Hindu instrument…..has no histor-
ical or musical foundation. In the late Mughal Empire (1707-
1858), the instrument began to take on its modern shape. The
neck got wider. The bowl, which had been made of glued lathes
of wood was now made of gourd, with metal frets and a bone nut
on the neck. By about 1725, the name 'Sitar" was used in the
Hammir-raso by Jodhraj, a Rajasthan author.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING

➲ HISTORY:- … INVADING Muslims simply changed into Per-

sian the name of an existing Hindu instrument…..has no historical
or musical foundation. In the late Mughal Empire (1707-1858), the
instrument began to take on its modern shape. The neck got wider.
The bowl, which had been made of glued lathes of wood wasThe
instrument had § strings by this time. The beginnings of the mod-
ern 7-string tuning were present too. The gourd mounted on the top
of the instrument came from the stick zither tradition, in which the
Veena is prominent. Indian origins:- Indian scholarship generally
favors evolution of Sitar from locally developed Indian instru-
ments. This view is also the one favored by acclaimed Indian Sitar-
ist Ravi Shankar.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ Even if modern mythological studies are taken consideration, which
have indicated that an origin linked to tambur-family instruments from
West-Asia is significantly more proable, this still doesn't negate the
possibility of influence on the development of the sitar from other nat-
ive Indian instruments, such as the veena. The veena in particular may
have been a source for adding sympathetic strings to the sitar. This al-
lowed the sitar to expand into different musical traditions " repertoire
and the conventions... Of the long-established system of rag".* Play-
ers:- Ravi Shankar, Anoushka Shankar, Annapurna Devi, George Har-
rison, Nikhil Banerjee, Vilayat Khan, Prem Joshua, Gabby La La,
Reenat Fauzia, Brian Jones, Shahid Parvez Khan, Rais Khan, Al
gromer Khan, Nishat Khan, Imrat Khan, Anjan Chattopadhyay, Lowell
George, Justin Hayward, Emily Robson Strayer Summing up our list of
Famous Sitarists...
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ TABLA MUSIC INSTRUMENT:-
➲ * The Tabla consists of a pair of drums - one is the Tabla and the other is
the Bayan.The Tabla is made of wood and its upper portion is made of
stretched animal skin.The tuning of Tabla can be adjusted by striking the
rim of the Tabla with a small
➲ hammer.
➲ The Bayan is the bass drum and is made of metal where the upper portion
is a stretched skin. Both drums have a black spot in the center made of
manganese or iron dust. Tabla is mainly occupied by harmonium which is
also a well-known Indian classical instrument. Zakir Husain is the
renowned personae associated with Tabla.
➲ > HISTORY OF TABLA MUSIC INSTRUMENT:- Drums and Talas are
mentioned in the Vedic era texts. A percussion
➲ musical instrument with two or three small drums, held with strings, called
Pushkara (also spelled Pushkala) were in existence in pre-5th century In-
dian subcontinent along with other drums such
as the Mridang, but etiest are,
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ mic walled tabla them Tans playing entan easin-ince in ten A sense aives
for kettle-shaped mridang drum and cymbals. Similar artwork with seated
musicians playing drums, but carved in stone, are found in the Ellora
Caves, and others. A type of small Indian drums, along with many other
musical instruments, are also mentioned in Tibetan and Chinese memoirs
written by Buddhist monks who visited the Indian subcontinent in the ist
millennium CE. The pushkala are called rdzogs pa (pronounced dzokpa) in
Tibetan literature. The pushkara drums are also mentioned in many ancient
Jainism and Buddhism texts, such as Samavayasutra, Lalita sitara and Sut-
ralamkara.:Various Hindu and Jain temples, such as the Eklingji in
Udaipur, Rajasthan show stone carvings of a person playing tabla-like
small pair of drums. Small drums were popular during the Yadava rule
(1210 to 1247) in the south, at the time when Sangita Ratnakara was writ-
ten by Sarangadeva. Madhava Kandali, 14th century Assamese poet and
writer of Saptakanda Ramavana,
lists several instruments in his version of "Ramayana', such
as tabal, jhajhar, dotara, ving, bin, vipanchi, etc.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ (meaning that these instruments existed since his time in 14th century
or earlier).. There is recent iconography of the There are Hindu temple
carvings of double hand drums resembling the tabla that date back to
500 BCE. The tabla was spread widely across ancient India. A Hoy-
saleshwara temple in Karnataka shows a carving of a woman playing a
tabla in a dance performance. According to classifications of musical
instruments defined in the Natyashastra, Tabla is classified in the
Avanadha Vadya category of rhythmnstruments which are made by
capping an empty vessel with a stretched skin. > PLAYERS:- Sarosh
Sami, Yogesh Samsi, Setrak Sarkissian, Keshav Sathe, Sudhirkumar
Saxena, Lenny Seidman, Bihari Sharma, Chandra Nath Shastri, Prahlad
Shinde, Shri (musician), Chakradhar Singh, Talvin Singh, Rimpa Siva,
Tina Sugandh
➲ Suphala, Péter Szalai, Cassius Khan, Faiyaz Khan
(tabla player), Keshava (musician) Alex Acuña...
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ SHEHNAI MUSIC INSTRUMENT:- Shehnai is a traditional Indian mu-
sical instrument where one can hear the melodious music in occasions
like marriages and temple processions. Shehnai is a double reed instru-
ment with a tapering bore which progressively increases towards the
lower side. The Shehnai has finger-holes to produce micro-tones. Ustad
Bismillah Khan is the unrivalled maestro of the Shehnai.
➲ HISTORY OF SHEHNAI MUSIC INSTRUMENT:- The shehnai is
thought to have been developed by improving upon the pungi (a wood-
wind folk instrument used primarily for snake charming).Another theory
of the origin of the shehnai is that the name is a modification of the word
"shah-nai',the shehnai began to be considered auspicious. And for this
reason it is still played in temples and is an indispensable component of
any North Indian wedding. In the past, the Shehnai was part of the
naubat or traditional ensemble of nine instruments found at royal courts.
Till recently it was used only in temples and weddings.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ HARMONUM MUSIC INSTRUMENT:- The harmonium is a tradi-
tional and popular musical instrument of India. The harmonium has a
keyboard of over two and one-half octaves and works on a system of
bellows. The keyboard is played with the right hand while the left hand
is used to operate the bellows. Harmonium is more popular in North
India than in the South.
➲ "HISTORY OF HARMONIUM MUSIC INSTRUMENT:- During the
first half of the 18th century, a free-reed mouth organ called a sheng
was brought to Russia. That instrument received attention due to its use
by Johann Wilde.
➲ PLAYERS OF THE HARMONIUM MUSIC INSTRUMENT:- M. S.
Baburaj, Husnlal Bhagatram, R. K. Bijapure, Tulsidas Borkar, Krishna
Das (singer), Mehmood Dhaulpuri, Santosh Ghante, Farrukh Fateh Ali
Khan, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan,
Larry Knechtel, Arwind Thatte, Govindrao Tembe, Jai Uttal
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ SARANGI MUSICAL INSTRUMENT:- This instrument forms
an important part of Hindustani music.
➲ * Mimi believed the Sarang as made unad surowords siven anin
so sange wind sign pre anents a hundred colors. It is a block like
structure with three hollow chambers, namely- pet, chaati and
magaj. The pet is the lower chamber and is covered with goat
skin, on which a think strip of leather is placed. There are three
main playing strings i this instrument, and players use fingertips,
nails and surrounding flesh to play them. Not only is this diffi-
cult to play, but also difficult to master. Ram Narayan, Dhruba
Ghosh, Surinder Sandhu, AR Rahman....
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING
➲ HISTORY OF SARANGI MUSICAL INSTRUMENT:- Sarangi
derives its name from the bow of Lord Vishnu and probably as it
is played with a bow it is named sarangi. According to some mu-
sicians, the word sarangi is a combination of two words: seh
('three' in Persian) and rangi ('coloured' in Persian) or Persian
sad-rangi, sad for 'hundred' in Persian (hundred coloured) cor-
rupted as sarangi. The term seh-rangi represents the three
melody strings. However, the most common folk etymology is
that sarangi is derived from sol rang ('a hundred colours') indic-
ating its adaptability to many styles of
➲ * vocal music, its flexible tunability, and its ability to produce a
large palette of tonal colour and The repertoire of sarangi players
is traditionally very closely related to vocal music.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN
AN INDIAN WEDDING

➲ PLAYERS OF SARANGI MUSICAL INSTRUMENT:- Growing

into Music - includes several films by Nicolas Magriel on Indian
musical enculturation including films
➲ * about the sarangi players, Farooq Latif Khan (b. 1975), Sarwar
Hussain Khan (b. 1981), Mohammed Ali Khan, Sarangi (d. 2002),
Ghulam Sabir Qadri (1922-), Vidya
➲ * Sahai Mishra (d. 2019), Siddiqui Ahmed Khan (1914-), Ghulam
Sabir Khan (b. 1948), Murad Ali (b. 1977), Faiyaz Khan
(Varanasi), Zakan Khan
➲ * (Varanasi) and Kanhaiyalal Mishra (Varanasi).
IMAGES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
PLAYED IN AN INDIAN WEDDING
ART INTEGRATED LEARNING