Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research ISSN NO: 0022-1945

FUZZY CONTROLLED CUK CONVERTER FOR GRID CONNECTED EV

APPLICATIONS
Dr. Balaji. V*, Dr. Nethravathi P. S. **, Dr. Maheswari. E. ***
*Post – Doctoral Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Institute
of Engineering and Technology, Srinivas University, Mangalore -575001, India.
balajieee79@gmail.com
** Professor, College of Computer Science & Information Science, Srinivas University,
Mangalore-575001, India. nethrakumar590@gmail.com
***Associate-Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Sai Ram
Institute of Technology, Sai Leo Nagar, Chennai, India. maheswari.eee@sairamit.edu.in

ABSTRACT
Electric vehicles (EVs) are regarded as the most modern type of transportation. The
integration of charging stations with electric vehicles is a susceptible issue. The Renewable
energy is used to manage the grid power which is currently available and to regulate bus
voltage. This study proposed a fuzzy controlled Cuk converter for grid connected EV
applications. The Cuk converter is utilized to enhance the voltage from the Photovoltaic (PV)
system. To stabilize the voltage Fuzzy controller is employed for effectual switching
operation of proposed converter. A MATLAB simulation is performed to validate the
effectiveness of proposed technique in a variety of realistic circumstances, including THD
value, PV power generation and various state of charge (SOC) levels. The outcomes
showcases that proposed converter attains enhanced efficiency and THD, compared to state
of art methods.
Keywords: Electric Vehicle, Cuk converter, Fuzzy Controller, RES, PV system

I. INTRODUCTION
Today, electrification of transportation is growing daily and is a cleaner, greener
innovation in the automotive sector. The prospect of disappearing fossil fuels and global
warming have made electric vehicles (EV) a viable option for the transportation sector [1].
Transport is currently responsible for nearly a quarter of global energy-related CO2 emissions
and electric vehicles are seen as a low-CO2 option for reducing these emissions [2]. By
charging EVs using a sustainable energy source, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, the
use of electric vehicles are potentially reduce CO2 emissions further. With both stand-alone
and grid-connected systems. In the modern period, renewable energy sources are the most
practical choice for generate electricity because it satisfy the rising demand without causing
any environmental risks [3-4]. PV systems are now extensively utilised in a variety of
applications, which is has more benefits than the other techniques for power production. Due
to a number of benefits, including less expensive maintenance and operating costs, a low
output of greenhouse gases and the possibility to be energy independent, the PV systems have
recently been employed as the primary source of energy to charge the batteries as well as the
additional burden on the grid is also decreased by the PV charging of EVs in addition to the
fuel use [5-8]. PV arrays are intermittent, so intermediate power electronics interfaces are

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required to charge batteries in EVs. To overcome this issues DC/DC converter is required for
supplying the constant voltage [9-11].

The boost converters are used [12] to step up the voltage of PV system, but the same
time it produce discontinuous in output and affects the circuit gain. In [13] the buck-boost
converter is utilized to enhance the efficiency of circuit performance and it has the ability to
step up and step down the voltage, but it attains low voltage gain. The disadvantage of current
ripples is present in all of the aforementioned converters, which reduces the lifespan of the
converter's parts and the EV battery's life cycle. Therefore, this work employed Cuk
converter because it has the capacity to produce high continuous current to the input and
output. The controller is essential to control the converter. In [14] the PI controller is
employed to prevent significant disruptions and noise during the operations. But, this
controller has the issue to give a power quality production. The PID controller is used in [15]
to minimise the oscillations, as well as the steady-state inaccuracy as well as it give quick and
stable responses. Due to the fact that it might amplify input signal variations and result in
instability. To overcome this issues, the proposed work utilized the Fuzzy controller for better
error detection.

In this work, Cuk converter is utilized to boost the voltage from the PV system,
because PV system is affected by the climate conditions so it gives low voltage to the grid.
Fuzzy controller is employed to generate the constant power supply and to enhance the grid
performance. The output of the proposed method is simulated by the MATLAB software. As
a result, the proposed techniques achieves low harmonics when compared to the existing
methods.

II. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

PV system is employed to convert sunlight into electricity. The voltage and current
from the PV system is given to the EV battery. The excess power generated from PV system
is transferred to grid for utilization during power demand. The voltage generated by PV is
low in general, which requires boosting. Therefore, a high gain Cuk converter is utilized in
this work to improve the voltage from PV system. The block diagram is represented in figure
1.

Figure 1: Block diagram for the proposed work

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So, the Fuzzy controller is employed to stabilize the voltage and enhance the
converter performance. Then the improved voltage is sent through the PWM generator into
the Cuk converter. After that the DC link voltage is fed to the single phase VSI, which has the
ability to convert DC into AC, which sustain the sinusoidal output and given to the grid
supply.

A) PV SYSTEM
Figure 2 depicts the circuit for the solar cell model, which includes diode,
photocurrent, parallel resistor as well as a series resistor. The photovoltaic current
is expressed as follows using the Kirchhoff's circuit principles and the PV cell circuit.

* +
[ ] (1)

Figure 2: Equivalent circuit of PV

Solar radiation and cell temperature have the greatest effects on the photocurrent ,
which is characterised as
[ ( ) ] (2)

Here, represents the temperature coefficient, specifies the short circuit current.

Additionally, it indicates that the saturation current of the cell changes with its
temperature given as follows,

* ( )+
( ) (3)

(4)
( )

Where, denotes the reversal saturation current at a reference temperature, represents the
semiconductor employed in the cell's band-gap, shows the open circuit voltage.
B) MODELLING OF CUK CONVERTER
Using a switching regulator termed as a Cuk converter, a constant dc supply produce a
changing output voltage. Figure 3 represents the block diagram of the proposed work, which
contains 2 inductors, 2 capacitors, 1 switch, 1 diode and 1 resistor.

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Figure 3: Circuit diagram for the Cuk converter

(5)

(6)

(7)

Figure 4: Waveform of Mode of operation

A capacitance releases energy to the output in this mode and a set of equations defines
as ON mode as depicted in Figure 5(a). The diode is forward biased and transmits power to
the charge in a second functioning mode, which is attained by opening the switch (OFF
state), as illustrated in Figure 5(b).

(8)

(9)

(10)

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Figure 5: Modes of operation (a) ON state and (b) OFF state

By combining the equation (5-10) the dynamic equation of a Cuk converter is

expressed as follows,

( ) (11)

( ) (12)

(13)

The Cuk converter is expressed by product the equations (5-7) by d and equation (7-
10) by 1-d’

( ) (14)

( ) (15)

(16)

A previous expression accurately demonstrates that the chopper is controlled by

nonlinear equations. A static gain is calculated as a function of duty cycle by:

(17)

C) SYSTEM OF FUZZY CONTROLLER

A FLC basically consists of three components. Fuzzification, rule base inference, and
defuzzification are examples of these blocks. Signals for error and error change are used to
model the FLC. Figure 6 illustrates a block diagram of an FLC.

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Figure 6: Diagram for FLC

The development of a fuzzy inference system with input and output membership functions
as well as the definition of the rules are included in fuzzy logic control. The Two input
membership functions are present in this system. The terms "error" and "delta error" refers to
output voltage errors. The duty cycle-"output1" is the only output membership function
accessible. The inputs to the fuzzy logic controller will be the error and change of error of the
output voltage. These two inputs are split into five groups, including NB: Negative Big, NS:
Negative Small, ZO: Zero Area, PS: Positive Small, and PB: Positive Big. Table 1 displays the
fuzzy rule basis.
Table 1: Logic rules for FLC

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This proposed work is established with the view of producing uninterruptable power
supply to the load by using the PV system. Cuk converter is improved the voltage from the
PV system. The proposed methodology is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, and the resulting
output waveforms are illustrated in below. Table 1 illustrates the parameter specification of
the proposed work. As a result, the proposed work attains low THD value and high efficiency
when compared to the existing techniques.
Table 2: Parameter specification

Parameters Specifications
PV panel
Power 7𝐾𝑊
Voltage 500
Number of panels 4
Cuk converter
Inductors 4
Capacitor 470 000
Switching frequency 0𝐾
Rated power 000𝑊

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Figure 7: Temperature and irradiance of solar panel

The parameters of solar panel is illustrates in figure 7, the temperature is constantly

maintained at 35C and the irradiation is constantly maintained at 1000 (W.sq.m).

Figure 8: Voltage and Current waveform for Solar panel and Converter
Figure 8 specifies the voltage and current waveform for the solar panel and converter. From
the figure it is observed that the voltage and current for solar panel is constantly maintained
using at 75V and 13A.

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Figure 9: Battery SOC, current and voltage waveform

Battery SOC, voltage and current waveform is represented in figure 9, which is analyzed
that the SOC is constantly maintained at 60%. The voltage and current is gradually maintained
at 1A and 12V

Figure 10: grid voltage and current waveform, real and reactive power waveform
The voltage and current waveform of single phase grid, accompanied by real and reactive
power is illustrated in figure 10. It is observed that, a stabilized voltage and current is attained

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owing to the performance of proposed controller. Similarly, a constant real power value is
attained with minimized reactive power value.

Figure 11: THD value

THD value is illustrated in figure 11, from the figure it is analyzed that the proposed Cuk
converter is attained less THD value of 1.24%, which is smaller than the conventional
approaches.

Figure 12: Comparison of (a) Efficiency and (b) THD value

The comparison of proposed method with the existing method is illustrated in figure
13, from the figure it is observed that the proposed method attains high efficiency of 92% and
low THD value of 1.24% when compared to the conventional technique

V. CONCLUSION
This paper proposes a fuzzy controlled Cuk converter for grid connected EV applications.
DC-DC Cuk converter is used to enhance the voltage from the PV system. The Constant
voltage is supplied by using the Fuzzy controller. The microgrid-based charging is therefore
investigated in a variety of realistic circumstances, including THD value, PV power generation
and various state of charge levels. A MATLAB simulation analyse the effectiveness of the
proposed technique. As a result, the proposed method achieved high efficiency of 92% and
Low THD value of 1.24 when compared to the conventional converters like Boost, buck
boost.
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