NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IGC1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Construction Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management

Open Book Examination

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Learner name xxx

NEBOSH learner xxx
number
Learning Partner name SHEilds LTD

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your first name, your NEBOSH learner number, and your Learning
Partner’s name.
For example, a learner called Dominic Towlson with the learner number
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Towlson Dominic, 12345678, GMMTA International

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0020-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

Task 1: Fire arrangements

Question 1 (a)
The positives about fire arrangements at MSL.
There are means of;
1. Firefighting as evidenced by presence of fire extinguishers in the goods-outwards
store. This can aid in firefighting.
2. Escape from the goods-outwards store, this is evidenced by fire notices that inform
people of what to do in event of a fire to save their lives.
3. Giving warning to occupants in case of a fire emergence as evidenced by presence
of fire call points near doors in the Warehouse.
4. Building employees competence to know the fire arrangement, this is evidenced as
new order pickers are going through induction which includes fire arrangements.
5. Planning for adverse impacts from fire emergencies as evidenced by the presence
of a fire procedure among the health and safety documents.

Question 1 (b)
The negative points about fire arrangements at MSL,
1. There is inadequate communication of fire risks to workers, this is observed when the
Team leader insists that there are not any risks when asked about risk communication.
2. There is no documented fire risk assessment as required by the Management of Health
and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. It shows lack of planning to prevent risk of fire.
3. There is inadequate competency in suitable and sufficient fire risk assessment, as
evidenced when HSM informs me that he does not know what to include in it.
4. There is an inadequacy in the means of educating employees in the procedure to be
followed in event of a fire, the last fire drill was last carried out in 2018, this needs to be
done more regularly.
5. The management commitment is poor, this hinders any efforts by the HSM and other
employees to better manage the risks to fire, the HSM says MD believes that fire drills
disrupt work.
6. There have not been refresher trainings for the employees in terms of fire safety to
boost their competencies, as the trainings have not resumed since the site move 2 years
ago.
7. The workers have not been informed on what to do in event of fire while at the fire
assembly point as some workers appear to be taking on the role of fire marshal during the

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 drill.
8. There are not officially appointed fire marshals to help manage the evacuation and
firefighting response in event of a fire as some workers are assuming the role of fire
marshal.
9. There is no signage to communicate the designated emergence assembly point, thus
some employees are gathered Infront of the building other done designated area.
10. The names and pictures of the fire marshals are not communicated on the notice
boards for people to know those responsible in case of an emergence.
11. There have not been a fire drill for now two years because the MD thinks it’s a waste
of time. This affects workers learning of emergence evacuation procedures.

Question 1 (c)
1. Fire drills help to educate employees in the procedures to be followed in the event
of a fire that requires evacuation in a workplace.
2. Fire drills provide an opportunity for occupants to locate and use alternative routes
under non-threatening conditions such that they can easily access and use
effectively under fire emergence situations.
3. Practicing fire drills increases chances of a successful evacuation during a real
emergency since the workers shall be fully aware.
4. Fire drills are required by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 which
requires provision of procedures for serious and imminent danger.
5. Practicing fire drills helps to test the integrity of the warning systems. The health
of the systems means occupants can hear a fire alarm in case of a danger.

Task 2: Managing risks for those working from home

Question 2
1. Encouraging effective two-way communication between the sales team and the SM
where wellbeing is discussed ensures that relevant health and safety information is
relayed to workers.
2. There is a risk assessment and guidance for working from home, these evidences
planning for managing risk for workers who work from home.
3. The significant findings from risk assessment were presented in a report, this
provides good record of the risk assessment and can be easily communicated.
4. The staff working from home are involved in team meetings where they also talk
about individual wellbeing, this helps in hazard identification in case an employee
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 is affected.
5. There is absence of a learning culture for those working from home, the SM has
noticed an increase in poor posture but has tried to find out the root cause and
possible mitigation measures.
6. The organisation has a tendency of blaming workers involved in accident as being
the cause, this shows absence of a just culture that eases management of risk
7. There is poor management commitment to managing risks, the Directors believe
that there are no risks if common sense is used.
8. Many risks that those working from home are exposed to were not assessed e.g.,
stress and DSE use, this therefore demonstrates inadequate risk management.
9. The HSM is incompetent when it comes to carrying out a suitable and sufficient risk
assessment, this is evidenced as he doesn’t know what to include in a fire risk
assessment.
10. There is no health and safety policy to stipulate health and safety arrangements for
employees working from home.

Task 3: Suitability of the generic risk assessment / risk assessments

Question 3
1. The HSM has previously carried out Inspections at the workplace, this is vital for
identifying hazards that workers are exposed to.
2. The Team leader is delivering an induction training session, this helps in
understanding the risks by the new workers. However, the induction should be
improved to capture the site significant risks.
3. The risk assessment should be carried out by people who are competent and familiar
with the tasks being assessed. The HSM did the risk assessment alone without the
aid from any other person.
4. According to the UK HSE publication HSG 65 (Managing for health and safety),
the involvement of owners and leaders in risk assessment is key in effective risk
prioritizing. The leadership in MSL is not involved.
5. The HSM did not carry out sufficient profiling and prioritising risks in the goods
outwards store, he does not do a fire risk assessment yet it’s a significant in
pharmaceutical industry.
6. It’s the duty of the MD to ensure that risk assessments are carried out by competent
persons, however, he doesn’t come in to establish a team of people competent in

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 the company activities.
7. It’s the duty of the HSM and the WM to make sure that workers are trained and
understand the risk controls, however, this is not happening because the last
training was 2 years ago yet there is a high rate of turnover.
8. Neither the workers nor their representatives are consulted during risk assessment
at, yet it’s a requirement for a suitable and sufficient assessment.
9. The managers should think about everyone who might be affected by their activities
and communicate the risks, but at MSL, they believe workers should have
common sense.
10. In the United Kingdom, the Display screen equipment regulations require an
organisation to consider assessment for DSE use, MSL did not assess these risks
even when the company operates around Europe.
11. In the UK, the manual handling operations regulations require assessment of the
risks to manual handling as a specific case. There is no proof of manual handling
risk assessment yet work in the goods outward store involves manual work.
12. MSL should ensure a risk assessment review after an accident in order to learn
from the lagging indicators, however, there hasn’t been a review even with two
accidents in twelve months.
13. The management of health and safety at work regulations 1999 require
organisations to reach out for competent health and safety advice. MSL has
managed to achieve this after getting an improvement not but should have
considered it earlier.
14. There isn’t a Health and Safety policy to detail the different arrangements in
managing safety and health at the MSL.
15. The attitudes and behaviours of the MD towards the cause of the previous two
accidents shows that MSL has a poor safety culture, which hinders managing
health and safety of employees.

Task 4: Monitoring and measuring (audits)

Question 4 (a) (i)

Basing of the scenario, the HSM’s auditing approach is negative as below;
1. He did not involve management to establish objectives and scope of the audit. This
would have guided the audit on areas of focus during the audit.
2. He did not develop and communicate an audit plan with the auditees and
management. This means that the auditees could fail to be even available for the

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 audit.
3. He did not conduct an opening meeting with the auditees to re-emphasize the
objective, scope among others.
4. He did not conduct a closing meeting to brief the auditees of some of the outcomes
from the audit. This hinders implementation of the recommendations.

Question 4 (a) (ii)

1. He analysed documentation such as risk assessment and interviewed workers in
order to gather information which is required to get audit findings.
2. On completion of the audit process, he produced an audit report which shows the
significant findings.
3. He managed to organise for an audit 6 months ago and got management buy in as
they all seemed to think it was good idea. This is required to implement an
effective audit.

Question 4 (b)
1. The Directors were not interested in a plan or scope which is a key step in
notification and creating timetable to oversee the implementation of the audit.
2. It is the responsibility of the Directors to ensure availability of adequate resources
including appointment of competent persons. However, they were convinced by
the HSM that they knew what they were doing yet he had never done an audit
before.
3. Directors were not interested and said they were too busy to review the findings of
the audit, this is one way they could have agreed to take on initial action on the
gaps in the management system.

Task 5: Adequate first-aid provision

Question 5

To determine if first-aid provision is realistic and proportionate at MSL, I would consider;

1. There is a first-aid kit located near to a desk at one end of the warehouse. This
would advise on the number of more kits required.
2. The nature of the work being done, warehousing and working with dangerous
machinery like forklift trucks are considered high risk to workers getting injured.
3. Given that there is a high turnover, meaning there are many inexperienced casual

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 workers prone to being injured and needing first aid.
4. The organisation history of accidents would be key in determining first aid
provisions, we understand that there have been two serious accidents from moving
equipment in a space of just 12 months.
5. With a workforce of 1200 employees, the size of the organisation helps in
determining the first aid provisions since its advisable to have at least one trained
first aider for every 100 workers.
6. The needs of distribution drivers, and those working from home. There are
different first aid requirements for drivers and lone workers.
7. The presence of employees who work shifts patterns or out of work hours would
also guide my assessment since there should be at least a first aider on each shift.
8. The distribution of the workforce since there are various employees doing
different categories of work and facing different risks of body injury.
9. How far the site is situated from emergency medical services can guide on what
first aid equipment to stock and use in case of a serious emergence.
10. Whether the workplace is shared or occupied by more than one employer because
there might need to provide first aid to other employees.
11. The distribution of employee annual leaves and other absences of first aiders and
appointed person can help to determine how many trained first aiders you need
and whom to train.
12. The number of visitors on site at any one time can also help guide what first aid
provisions are needed since a visitor or contractor might need first aid on MSL
site.
13. The experience levels of those working in high-risk areas like order picker can
also help guide on what arrangements to put in places since these are prone to
accidents.
14. The health status of employees on particular tasks, such as distribution drivers
with disability or particular health problems can guide on what measures you put
in place.
15. MSL is required under national laws to put in place first aid provisions to ensure
the emergence response to first aid cases.

Task 6: Health and safety management roles and responsibilities

Question 6

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 1. The HSM has just started their NEBOSH Diploma, this shows that the MD has not
ensured provision of adequate resources including a competent HSM.
2. The Managing Director has not established and signed a health and safety policy
that communicates the management commitment towards health and safety.
3. The Directors did not review the internal audit findings yet it’s their responsibility
to monitor and review the performance of health and safety at MSL.
4. The MD asking me to produce a report demonstrating that the management of
health and safety at MSL has nothing to do with the accidents shows that he is not
taking overall responsibility and accountability for health and safety performance.
5. It’s the responsibility of the HSM to put in place safe systems of work. However,
the recent accidents show that there aren’t effective safe systems in operation for
vehicle movement.
6. It’s the responsibility of the HSM to implement regular fire drills at the
organization. However, there have not been fire drill since 2018.
7. The organisation is supposed to communicate an emergence response procedure to
the employees. However, the emergence assembly point is not designated with a
signage, and the first aiders are not communicated.
8. It’s the responsibility of the HSM to develop and implement the organisational
health and safety policy. However, there is no safety policy among the safety
documents.
9. It’s the responsibility of the HSM to ensure effective risk assessment and profiling
are caried out and are up to date. However, he failed to assess the risks to fire
safety.
10. It’s the responsibility of the HSM to investigate accidents and near misses
properly. However, he does not do proper investigations.
11. It’s the responsibility of the HSM to consult workers regarding safety when
conducting risk assessments. However, he did the assessment without involving
any worker.
12. It’s the responsibility of the HSM to monitoring and review the safety
management system at MSL which he has tried to do but ineffectively like the
audit.
13. It’s the responsibility of the HSM to identify employee health and safety training
needs and implement the training. However, there has not been any training since
2018.
14. It’s the responsibility of the warehouse manager to establish job description for

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 employees at MSL. However, new workers are not given job descriptions.
15. It’s the responsibility of the HSM to induct new employees, visitors and
contractors about the safety arrangement and significant hazards at MSL.
However, I and the new order pickers are not inducted on the health and safety
risks at MSL.

Task 7: Financial arguments to improve health and safety

Question 7
If MSL does not improve the health and safety management;
1. There could be a damage to business reputation following publicity of a serious
accident, leading to a breakdown in business relations. As a result, MSL might
have to tender for new business which requires more time and money.
2. It is a legal requirement for the employer to provide first aid to workers that have
suffered injuries. With an increase in accidents, the first supplies will increase yet
they cost money and time.
3. When workers suffer work related illness or injury, the organisation is required to
take care of the medical bills for the injured workers. This requires more money
from MSL.
4. Poor safety and health management could result into accidents at MSL which can
lead to damaged plant or equipment. Repairing or replacing this equipment will
need a big financial implication on MSL.
5. After a worker breaking his ankle due to collision with a moving equipment,
employees remained traumatised. This affects their morale, affecting their
productivity and the profits of the organisation.
6. An injured worker can to challenge MSLs duty of care through courts of law, if
found guilty, MSL shall have to incur fines associated with the prosecution.
7. With evidence of poor safety and health management, MSL shall be breaching the
duty of care. This might lead to being issued with an improvement notice or even
being shut down requiring payment of large sums of money.
8. The worker that suffered a broken ankle spent time off for treatment, MSL might
need to be replace to finalise the job. This shall involve money for replacement of
labour and increase the cost of production, lowering profits.
9. After an accident, MSL is required to do an accident investigation to find the root
causes and suggest controls. This will consume time and resources, It might

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 require hiring professional assistance which is expensive.

Task 8: Human factors

Question 8
1. There is inadequate management commitment towards managing employee health
and safety. This is seen as the MD believes there are no risks if common sense is
applied.
2. There is no health and safety policy approved by management, this shows there is
no systematic arrangements for implementing health and safety at MSL.
3. The HSM is not competent enough to adequately manage health and safety risks.
He does not know what to include in a fire risk assessment.
4. There is no clear organisational structure demonstrating responsibilities and
accountable for employees. For instance, the temporary workers don’t have
documented responsibilities.
5. There is an inadequate employee training program to help boost their competence
in terms of health and safety risks at MSL. Thus, they are all unaware of their
safety responsibilities.
6. There limited worker involvement in implementing health and safety management.
This is evidenced as the HSM does the internal audit alone. This leads to bias in
the outcomes of the audit.
7. There are not enough of resources (specifically time of the top management) for
health and safety implementation. Thus, audit findings and recommendations
never get to be implemented.
8. There are inadequate responses to previous incidents at MSL. This hinders
learning from the past accidents and proper implementation of the control
measures.
9. After accidents, there has always been inadequate accident investigation including
handling of witnesses as they are left traumatised from the scenery. This affects
the quality of information got from witnesses to derive root causes.
10. Communication of risks to employees is inadequate. The new workers are not
briefed of the significant site hazards hence poor implementation of control
measures.
11. Employees are not encouraged to report accidents and near misses. This hinders
effective investigations to find root causes and suggest controls.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0020-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec22 © NEBOSH 2022 page

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Documents and 1. SHEilds IG course book

sources of information 2. Managing for health and safety by Health and Safety
you used in your Executive (hsg 65)
examination
3. HSE website

End of examination

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Examinations: Technical Learner Guide. All Open Book Examination guidance documents
can be found on the NEBOSH website: https://www.nebosh.org.uk/open-book-
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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0020-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec22 © NEBOSH 2022 page