Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that you can touch and see.

It
includes devices such as the computer's central processing unit, memory, storage devices (hard drives,
solid-state drives), input/output devices (mouse), and peripherals (printers, scanners). Other examples of
hardware include the computer itself, the monitor and keyboard.

Software, on the other hand, refers to the non physical or intangible instructions and data that tell the
hardware what to do. It consists of programs, applications, and data that are stored electronically and
can be executed or run by the hardware. Software is often referred to as the "brain" of the computer.
Examples of software include operating systems (such as Windows or macOS), word processors, web
browsers, and video games.

A hardware and software work together to enable the functionality and operation of computers and
other electronic devices.

Some of the key differences between hardware and software are highligted below;

Physical Presence: Hardware is tangible and can be physically touched, whereas software is intangible
and cannot be physically touched.

Function: Hardware performs physical operations and processes data, while software controls and
directs the hardware, enabling it to perform specific tasks and functions.

Modifiability: Hardware is generally fixed and cannot be easily modified or changed without physically
replacing or upgrading the components. Software, on the other hand, can be modified and updated
easily by changing the code or adding new programs.

Persistence: Hardware retains information even when the power is turned off. Software, however, is
stored on storage media and requires the hardware to function properly.

Lifespan: Hardware generally has a longer lifespan compared to software. While hardware can last for
several years, software can be updated or replaced more frequently as new versions or updates become
available.

The four possible factors that can affect the performance of a PC, along with examples are:

Processor/CPU: The processor is often considered the "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing
instructions and performing calculations. A slow or outdated processor can significantly impact a PC's
performance. For example, if you're running resource intensive tasks like video editing or gaming on an
older generation processor, the PC may struggle to keep up, resulting in slower performance and
reduced efficiency.
Memory/RAM: RAM (Random Access Memory) is used by the computer to store data that is actively
being accessed by the processor. Insufficient RAM can lead to performance issues, particularly if you're
running multiple applications simultaneously or working with large files. For instance, if you have limited
RAM and open several memory intensive programs, your PC may become sluggish or experience
frequent freezing as it struggles to manage the data.

Storage: The type and speed of storage in a PC can affect performance. Traditional hard disk drives
(HDDs) are slower compared to solid state drives (SSDs). If your PC is equipped with an HDD and you're
performing tasks that involve frequent read/write operations, such as booting up the system or
launching applications, it may take longer to complete these actions. Upgrading to an SSD can
significantly improve overall system responsiveness.

Graphics Processing Unit/GPU: The GPU is responsible for rendering and displaying graphics on your
computer screen. It is particularly important for tasks like gaming, video editing, and 3D modeling. If you
have a weak or outdated GPU, you may experience lag, low frame rates, or poor visual quality in
graphics-intensive applications. Upgrading to a more powerful GPU can enhance your PC's performance
in these scenarios.
It's worth noting that these factors are interrelated, and optimizing one might not fully address
performance issues if other components are causing bottlenecks. Additionally, software-related factors
like outdated drivers, malware infections, or excessive background processes can also impact PC
performance.

There are three different types of networks: LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), and
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network).

LAN (Local Area Network): A LAN is a network that spans a small geographical area, such as a home,
office building, or school. It connects computers and devices within a limited area, allowing them to
share resources like files, printers, and internet access. LANs are typically owned and controlled by a
single organization. They offer high-speed data transfer rates and low latency since the devices are in
close proximity to each other.

WAN (Wide Area Network): A WAN covers a larger geographical area, such as multiple buildings, cities,
or even countries. It connects LANs or other WANs together, enabling communication over long
distances. The internet is the most well-known example of a WAN. WANs are typically owned and
maintained by telecommunication companies or internet service providers (ISPs). They provide slower
data transfer rates compared to LANs due to the longer distances involved.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): A MAN is an intermediate type of network that covers a larger area
than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. It typically spans a city or a metropolitan area, connecting multiple
LANs together. MANs are generally operated by government bodies or large organizations. They offer
higher speeds and lower costs compared to WANs, making them suitable for connecting different
locations within a city.

In the context of St Marcellin Skills Training center, a LANs is installed. Because it is confined to a specific
campus, it makes a LAN the most practical and cost effective choice. A LAN allows the center to connect
computers, printers, servers, and other devices within the facility, facilitating resource sharing,
collaboration, and access to centralized services. LANs provide high speed connections, low latency, and
better security since they are privately owned and operated by the skills center itself.

Using a LAN at the center also allows for the efficient management and control of network resources.
Network administrators can easily monitor and maintain the network, implement security measures, and
ensure smooth operation of the center's digital infrastructure.