Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology 13th Edition Shier Test Bank 1

Ch06 - Skin and the Integumentary System
Test Bank for Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology

13th Edition Shier Butler Lewis 0073378275
9780073378275
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Ch06
Skin and the Integumentary System
Multiple Choice Questions
1. An organ consists of
A. skin and bones.
B. two or more tissues grouped together that function together.
C. at least four tissues grouped together that function together.
D. one variety of each of the four tissue types.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 06.01
Topic: Integumentary System
6-1
2. The human integumentary system includes

A. skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
B. the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
C. bones and muscles.
D. only one type of tissue.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

6-2
3. Injections that are administered into the tissues of the skin are called
A. subcutaneous.
B. intradermal.
C. intramuscular.
D. hypodermic.

4. In the inherited disease ichythyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and very scaly because the
uppermost layer cannot peel off as easily as it normally does. The part of the skin that is
affected is the
A. epidermis.
B. basement membrane.
C. dermis.
D. subcutaneous layer.
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

5. As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,
A. they divide continually.
B. their supply of nutrients improves.
C. they die.
D. they become dermal cells.

6-3
6. The dermis is composed largely of

A. stratified columnar epithelium.
B. dense regular connective tissue.
C. stratified squamous epithelium.
D. dense irregular connective tissue.

7. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with

A. hair, melanocytes, and pores.
B. bone, tendons, and muscles.
C. fingernails and toenails.
D. muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.

8. Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?

A. The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis.
B. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
C. The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis.
D. The dermis contains smooth muscle and nervous tissue.

6-4
9. In a condition called incontinentia pigmenti, the skin has deep dark splotches, due to
melanin that seeps down into the dermis. Normally, melanin is confined to the
A. epidermis.
C. papillae.
D. hair.

10. The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much

A. collagen.
B. carotene.
C. cyanin.
D. melanin.

11. Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of

A. melanin.
B. carotene.
C. hemoglobin.
D. cyanin.

6-5
12. The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells
that undergo mitosis is the
A. stratum corneum.
B. stratum granulosum.
C. stratum spinosum.
D. stratum basale.

13. What determines the color of skin?

A. The number of melanocytes in the epidermis.
B. The thickness of the epidermis.
C. The amount of melanin that melanocytes produce.
D. The density of hair.

14. The subcutaneous layer consists of

A. epithelial tissue.
B. areolar and adipose tissue.
C. epithelial tissue and areolar tissue.
D. adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue.

6-6
15. Blood vessels in the ___________ supply epidermal cells with nutrients.
A. epidermis
B. dermis
C. stratum basale
D. hair follicle

16. Skin cells play an important role in producing

A. vitamin A.
B. vitamin B.
C. vitamin C.
D. vitamin D.

17. The melanocytes in very dark skin

A. are more abundant than they are in light skin.
B. contain single, large, pigment granules.
C. lack pigment but shrivel up and turn black.
D. contain many small pigment granules.

6-7
18. The functions of skin include

A. acting as a protective covering.
B. housing sensory receptors.
C. regulating body temperature.
D. all of the above.

19. Epidermis is ________________, whereas dermis is ________________.

A. the innermost layer of the skin; under the epidermis
B. largely composed of dense connective tissue; composed of stratified squamous epithelial
tissue
C. the outermost layer of the skin; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
D. composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth
muscle, and nerve cell processes

20. The subcutaneous layer is

A. made of squamous epithelium.
B. part of the basement membrane.
C. between the epidermis and the dermis.
D. not part of the skin.

6-8
21. Melanocytes transfer melanin granules to

A. mast cells.
B. nearby keratinocytes.
C. macrophages.
D. the subcutaneous layer.

22. The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate

A. blood vessels in the epidermis.
B. muscles and glands in the dermis.
C. melanocytes in the epidermis.
D. fat cells in the subcutaneous layer.

23. Two thieves steal jewelry, and then drop it as they are escaping. The police recover the
jewelry, and an officer explains on the evening news that fingerprints were obtained from the
back of a watch. The thieves, whose prints are not on file, believe that they can escape
prosecution by using acid to remove the epidermis on their fingerpads, so as not to be a match
for the fingerprints on the watch. They are wrong because
A. the prints arise from the subcutaneous layer, which is not destroyed.
B. the prints arise from friction ridges of the dermis, which are not destroyed.
C. the epidermis will regrow the friction ridges in a day.
D. the friction ridges will not grow back in the same pattern.

6-9
24. The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the
A. epidermis.
C. dermis.

25. You step out of the shower and vigorously rub your skin with a towel. If you were able to
analyze the towel, you would find skin cells. They are most likely
A. subcutaneous layer cells.
B. from the dermis.
C. keratinized epidermal cells.
D. fibroblasts.

26. In areas of the skin where the epidermis is thin, the ________ may be absent.
A. stratum lucidum
B. stratum granulosum
C. stratum corneum
D. stratum basale

6-10
27. Which is the most likely explanation for the defect in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in
which the skin blisters with any touch?
A. The skin has too many melanocytes that produce too much melanin.
B. Melanocytes cannot produce melanin.
C. Collagen fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down.
D. The skin layers are reversed.

28. The epidermis

A. retains water in deeper skin layers.
B. keeps out harmful chemicals and pathogens.
C. protects the skin against mechanical injury.

29. The epidermis is about ___ mm thick and the dermis is about ___ mm thick.
A. 1.0 to 2.0; 0.07 to 0.12
B. 0.07 to 0.12; 1.0 to 2.0
C. 3.0 to 4.0; 5.0 to 6.0
D. 0.01 to 0.10; 0.10 to 1.0

6-11
30. Corns are

A. areas of white skin pigmentation.
B. scaly scalp areas.
C. keratinized conical masses on toes.
D. growths emanating from the nostrils.

31. Reddened skin reflects

A. dilated blood vessels with more blood entering the dermis.
B. eating too many carrots.
C. inheriting extra melanin.
D. constricted blood vessels with more blood entering the epidermis.

32. Accessory structures of the skin originate from the

A. epidermis.
C. dermis.

6-12
33. The nail plate is produced by

A. bone cells.
B. fibroblasts.
C. melanocytes.
D. specialized epithelial cells.

34. A nail consists of

A. dense connective tissue.
B. bone.
C. a nail bed and nail plate.
D. collagen and elastin.

35. The hardness of a nail comes from

A. carotene.
B. collagen.
C. calcium.
D. keratin.

6-13
36. Shafts of hair are composed of

A. living dermal cells.
B. dead epidermal cells.
C. living epidermal cells.
D. dead dermal cells.

37. Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation?
A. Massaging the skin
B. Eating foods rich in protein
C. Providing adequate fluid intake
D. Maintaining one body position

38. Eumelanin and pheomelanin are

A. reddish-yellow and brownish-black pigments, respectively.
B. brownish-black and reddish-yellow pigments, respectively.
C. types of keratin.
D. present in excess in a person with albinism.

6-14
39. After a severe burn, new skin may grow outwards from the hair follicles. New growth
begins here because
A. the hair follicles are very resistant to fire and heat.
B. a person has many hair follicles.
C. a hair follicle contains stem cells in the bulb region.
D. the hair follicles are located in the subcutaneous layer.

40. Gray hair is

A. caused by a pigment, pseudomelanin.
B. a mixture of red and brown hairs.
C. a mixture of pigmented and unpigmented hairs.
D. a form of albinism.

41. The arrector pili muscle is attached to

A. the nail bed.
B. a sebaceous gland.
C. the hypodermis.
D. a hair follicle.

6-15
42. Sebaceous glands secrete

A. fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum.
B. hormones.
C. sweat in the armpits.
D. mucus.

43. Eccrine sweat glands

A. are most common in the armpits and groin.
B. respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
C. respond primarily to emotional stress.
D. usually are associated with hair follicles.

44. Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the

A. forehead.
B. axilla.
C. neck.
D. palms of the hands.

6-16
45. Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands

A. in type of secretion.
B. in their location.
C. in whether or not they are associated with hair follicles.

46. Milk and ear wax

A. are not secretions.
B. are secreted from modified sweat glands.
C. are secreted from modified sebaceous glands.
D. are in the blood.

47. Body heat is lost primarily by

A. conduction.
B. convection.
C. evaporation.
D. radiation.

6-17
48. Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold
environment?
A. Dermal blood vessels constrict.
B. Sweat glands become active.
C. Smooth muscles relax.
D. Dermal blood vessels dilate.

49. Sweat cools the body by

A. convection.
B. conduction.
C. evaporation.
D. radiation.

50. A warm surface loses heat to the air molecules continuously circulating over it by
A. radiation.
B. evaporation.
C. conduction.
D. convection.

6-18
51. A person exercising vigorously on a hot, humid day may develop

A. fatigue and dizziness.
B. heat exhaustion.
C. headache, muscle cramps, and nausea.

52. Hypothermia is
A. associated with exercising vigorously in the heat.
B. accompanied by fever.
C. a lowered body temperature.
D. a form of hair loss.

53. Individuals at elevated risk for hypothermia include

A. homeless people exposed to the outdoors.
B. the very old and the very young.
C. very thin people.

6-19
54. The skin dissipates excess body heat by

A. dilating dermal blood vessels.
B. activating eccrine sweat glands.
C. radiation

55. Inflammation makes skin

A. red, swollen and painful to touch.
B. cool and clammy.
C. secrete abundant antibodies.
D. peel off.

56. Inflammation
A. is a type of infection.
B. is a result of exposure to very low temperatures.
C. is a normal response to stress or injury.
D. is an abnormal response to injury or stress.

6-20
57. Which of the following happens first after a scab forms?

A. phagocytic cells remove dead material.
B. the scab sloughs off.
C. fibroblasts from the wound edge form new collagenous fibers.
D. blood vessels send out new branches under the scab.

58. The granulations that appear during the healing of a large, open wound are composed
mainly of
A. blood clots.
B. phagocytic cells.
C. fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels.
D. scar tissue.

59. A burn affecting only the epidermis is a

A. superficial partial-thickness burn.
B. deep partial-thickness burn.
C. second degree burn.
D. third degree burn.

6-21
60. An autograft covers an injured area of skin with

A. skin from a person other than the patient.
B. a skin substitute, such as an artificial membrane.
C. skin from a skin bank.
D. skin from an uninjured region of the patient's body.

61. A woman undergoes coronary bypass surgery, in which a blood vessel from her leg is
moved to her heart, where it supplements the blood supply following a heart attack. This
procedure is a(n)
A. xenograft.
B. autograft.
C. allograft.
D. isograft.

62. A man donates part of his liver to his daughter, who suffers from cystic fibrosis. This
procedure is a(n)
A. xenograft.
B. autograft.
C. allograft.
D. isograft.

6-22
63. In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the
A. depth of the burn.
B. surface area of the burn.
C. degree and source of the burn.
D. type of scar that will form.

64. As a person ages, the skin typically becomes

A. thicker.
B. more opaque.
C. more elastic.
D. spotted with patches of pigment.

65. Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperatures because
A. they sweat excessively.
B. their sebaceous glands become overactive.
C. the number of sweat glands diminishes.
D. the skin becomes too oily.

6-23
66. Skin wrinkles with age because

A. collagen degrades in the subcutaneous layer as the epidermis shrinks.
B. fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer and the dermis shrinks.
C. the number of sweat glands diminishes.
D. epidermal cells undergo a burst of cell division.

67. The advantage of cryo-electron tomography is that it

A. enables cells to divide continually.
B. is cheaper than other methods.
C. provides a static view of the skin.
D. preserves intercellular junctions.

Boxed Reading: Vignette
68. The flexible proteins that link the cell membranes of squamous epithelial cells in skin
are
A. cadherins.
B. collagens.
C. cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs).
D. keratins.

Boxed Reading: Vignette
6-24
69. Cutaneous melanomas are associated with

A. short exposure to high-intensity sunlight.
B. prolonged exposure to low-intensity sunlight.
C. occasional exposure to X-rays.
D. exposure to background radiation.

Boxed Reading: Clinical Application 6.1
70. Skin cancer is most likely to develop from

A. pigmented epithelial cells.
B. pigmented melanocytes.
C. nonpigmented epithelial cells.
D. nonpigmented melanocytes.

71. Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by regular exposure to

A. X-rays.
B. gamma radiation.
C. ultraviolet light.
D. mutagenic chemicals.

6-25
72. We enjoy sunbathing because it stimulates keratinocytes to release

A. beta endorphin.
B. collagen.
C. carotene.
D. keratin.

73. Which person is at highest risk of developing a cutaneous carcinoma?

A. a light-complexioned man age 52 who goes to the beach on summer weekends and does
not use sunblock because he likes to be tan.
B. an eighty-year-old who spends most of her time indoors.
C. a twenty-two-year-old college student who is outdoors often and uses sunblock.
D. a black woman who spends most of her time in her office.

74. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing

A. heart disease.
B. diabetes.
C. skin cancer.
D. glaucoma.

6-26
75. A future treatment for baldness may potentially be

A. head massages.
B. high protein shakes.
C. scalp transplants.
D. stem cells from the bulb region at the base of hair follicles.

76. Acne is a disorder of the

A. sweat glands.
B. hair follicles.
C. sebaceous glands.
D. apocrine glands.

77. Fever is
A. a result of inflammation.
B. due to exposure to heat.
C. a special case of hyperthermia in which body temperature rises in response to an elevated
set point, typically in response to infection.
D. a special case of hypothermia in which body temperature falls to protect the core from
infection.

6-27
True / False Questions
78. The skin is one of the larger organs in the body by weight.
TRUE

79. The tough layer of waterproof material that makes up the outermost part of the epidermis
is the stratum lucidum.
FALSE

80. In healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin
cells.
TRUE

81. Melanocytes can transfer granules of melanin into nearby epithelial cells.
TRUE

6-28
82. Blood with excess oxygen causes cyanosis.

FALSE

83. The major blood vessels that supply the skin lie between the dermis and the epidermis.
FALSE

84. The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum basale and the innermost layer is the
stratum corneum.
FALSE

85. Melanocytes synthesize melanin, which protects underlying cells from the effects of
ultraviolet light.
TRUE

6-29
86. The dermis is very flat compared to the epidermis, which has ridges projecting inward
and elevations called papillae.
FALSE

87. Sunlight, ultraviolet light, and X rays all darken skin because they increase blood flow to
the dermis.
FALSE

88. Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are: volume of blood in dermal
vessels, carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and various diseases.
TRUE

89. As epidermal cells move up through the strata away from their blood supply, they die
and become keratinized.
TRUE

6-30
90. Melanin production is greater in the skin of people who live outdoors all the time than in
people who do not.
TRUE

91. The amount of keratin protein produced during keratinization determines hair color.
FALSE

92. When showering, a young woman loses what looks like many hundreds of hairs. She
should not be concerned about impending baldness.
TRUE

93. The arrector pili muscle is composed of striated muscle tissue.

FALSE

6-31
94. Sweating cools the body by evaporation.

TRUE

95. Hypothermia is elevated body temperature due to exposure to heat, and the body being
unable to cool down.
FALSE

96. A second degree burn is the same as a full-thickness burn.

FALSE

97. A burn that invovles the epidermis only is called a deep partial-thickness burn.
FALSE

6-32
98. Aging affects the appearance of the skin producing wrinkles and sagging due to
decreased collagen and elastin formation.
TRUE

Fill in the Blank Questions
99. Two or more types of tissue functioning together constitute a(n) ___________.
organ

100. The deepest cells of the epidermis make up the stratum ____________.
basale

6-33
101. ____________ is the pigment produced by melanocytes.

Melanin

102. The ______________ of the subcutaneous layer acts as a heat insulator.

adipose tissue

103. ____________ sweat glands become active at puberty and possess ducts that open into
hair follicles.
Apocrine

104. Superficial blood vessels in the dermis dilate and sweat glands become active in the
body's effort to ____________ body temperature.
decrease, lower

6-34
105. Localized redness, swelling, warmth, and pain are indicators of _________________,
the normal response to injury.
inflammation

106. Decreased hair growth, decreased sensory receptors in the skin, and inability to regulate
body temperature are all signs of ________________.
aging, growing old

6-35

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Ch06 - Skin and the Integumentary System

Test Bank for Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology

Multiple Choice Questions

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

2. The human integumentary system includes

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

6. The dermis is composed largely of

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

7. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

8. Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

10. The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

11. Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

13. What determines the color of skin?

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

14. The subcutaneous layer consists of

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

16. Skin cells play an important role in producing

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

17. The melanocytes in very dark skin

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

18. The functions of skin include

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

19. Epidermis is ________________, whereas dermis is ________________.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

20. The subcutaneous layer is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

21. Melanocytes transfer melanin granules to

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

22. The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

28. The epidermis

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

30. Corns are

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

31. Reddened skin reflects

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

32. Accessory structures of the skin originate from the

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

33. The nail plate is produced by

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

34. A nail consists of

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

35. The hardness of a nail comes from

19. Epidermis is , whereas dermis is .