: ei sage Business Ethics eChapter # | e Business Ethics the changing environment and stakeholder managementWhat is Business Ethics? Laura Nash has defined business ethics as “the study of how personal moral norms apply to the activities and goals of commercial enterprise,” as dealing with three basic areas of managerial decision making: 1. Choices about what the laws should be and whether to follow them 2. Choices about economic and social issues outside the domain of law 3. Choices about the priority of self-interest over the company’s interestsFE SticcPlayer Business ethics & changing environment. Business Ethics mThe study and examination of moral and social responsibility in relation to business practices and decision making in business. = Businesses & Govts operate in changing technological, ligal,economic,social & political environments with competing stakeholders & power claim.Why does business ethics matter? ———— EEE ] ey Financially and Economically Relationships and Reputation Morale and Productivity Culture and Communication Integrity and the Common GoodETHICS Vs MORALITY ¢ MORALITY: from the Latin moralitas "manner, character, proper behavior", it is the conduct or rules that a person or community adhere to, believing these things to be, in some sense, obligatory. It gives us rules for everyday life (morals= moral rules) and it is practical. ¢ ETHICS: critical reflection of “morals”. Philosophical reflection about the nature of the good life, of right action, of duty and obligation. It is theorical.y ETS ticePhayer *Stakeholders Stakeholders are individuals,companies,groups & even nations that cause and respond to external issues,opportunities & threats. Environmental Forces & Stakeholders Economic Force -Large and small companies are expanding businesses and products overseas. -Businesses are going into the global market now a days.Player Technological Force The advent of electronic communication and the internet is changing economics, industries,;companies and jobs. Political Force Political situation of particular area also affect industries and jobs. Legal Force Legal questions and issues affect all of these environmental dimensions and every stakeholder. Demographic Force The workforce has become more diverse. Employers & employees are faced with sexual harassment & discrimination issues and effects the downsizing,career changes and security.EP SliccPtayer Stakeholder Management Approach e Stakeholder Management Approach: It is a way of understanding the effects of environmental forces and groups on specific issues which affect stakeholders and their welfare. e Example: How do companies, communication media, political groups, consumers, employees, competitors, and other groups respond when they are affected by an issue, threat, or opportunity. e Beginning of Stakeholder Approach: The stakeholder approach begins with cooperation among individuals and groups. This cooperation is based on win-win strategies.ay PI Base for Collaboration & wifats Strategies e Collaboration & win-win strategies are based on the following points: e |. Identifying and prioritizing issues, threats, or opportunities e 2.Mapping who the stakeholders are ° 3. Identifying their stakes, interests, and power sources e 4. Showing who the members of coalitions are, or may be e 5. Showing what each stakeholder’s ethics are (and should be) © 6. Developing collaborative strategies and dialogues» Stakeholders: Primary & Secondary eS BS TeE lB bnieoc Groups Group 7 i. — ;, center Bhs Hisar Cy BENE Environment Me ct}What are unethical business precttfal® y e The most unethical behavior, one survey showed, happens in the following areas : ¢ Government e Sales e Law e Finance ¢ Medicine e Banking e ManufacturingLevels of business ethics © °'\\"" e Because ethical problems are not only an individual or personal matter, it is helpful to see the different "levels" at which issues originate and how they often move to other levels.F e Individual level La] SlidcPlayer e At the individual level, ethical issues arise when, for example, a sales man is asked to sale the product by telling a lie to the customers. ° Organizational level e At the organizational level, ethical issues arise, for example, when employee is asked to perform an unethical or illegal act to earn division or work unit profit. e Members should examine the firm's policies and procedures and code of ethics, if one exists, before making a decision or takinga fz ¢ Association level i Player e At the association level, accountant, information technology (IT) professionals, lawyers, physicians,and management consultants must follow the ethics to facilitate the people. e Societal level e At the societal level, laws, norms, customs, and traditions govern the legal and moral acceptability of behaviors. For example activities in china may be not acceptable in uk.eG Player Five Myths about Business Ethics » Myth ° A belief given uncritical acceptance by members of a group, especially in support of traditional practices and institutions. ° Five Myths |. “ethics is a personal individual affair, not a public or debatable matter” e This myth holds that individual ethics is based on personal or religious beliefs and that one decides what is right and wrong in the privacy of one’s own conscience.Eq Stic Player 2. “Business and ethics do not iw?? mix -__ e This popular myth holds that; businesses operate in a free market. ¢ This myth also asserts that management is based on scientific, rather than religious or ethical, principle.3. “ethics in business is © °°" relative” ° This is one of the popular myths, and it holds that no right or wrong way of believing or acting exists. Right and wrong are in the eyes of the beholder. ° The claim that ethics is not based solely on absolutes has some truth in it. How ever, to argue that all ethics is relevant contradicts everyday experience.4. “good business means‘godd” ethics” e The reasoning here is that executives and firms that maintain a good corporate image, practices fair and equitable dealings with customers and employees, and earn profits by legal means have good ethics. e Such firms, therefore, would not have to be concerned explicitly with ethics in the workplace.5. "information and — isikcPlayer computing are amoral" ¢ This myth holds that information and computing are neither moral nor immoral, but are amoral, i.e., they are in "gray zone," a questionable area regarding ethics. e Information about individuals can be used as “a form of control, power, and manipulation. The point here is to beware of the dark side: the misuse and abuse of information and computing.Why use ethical reasonirig in Pisyer business? e Ethical reasoning is required in business for at least three reasons. e First: many times laws are insufficient and do not cover all aspects or “gray areas” of a problem. ¢ How could tobacco companies have been protected by the law for decades until the settlement in 1997, when the industry agreed to pay $368.5 billion for the first 25 years and then $15 billion a year indefinitely to compensate states for the costs of health care for tobacco related illness?e Second: free market and regulatéd s|\i-Player mechanisms do not effectively inform owners and managers about how to respond to complex issues and crises that have far-reaching ethical consequences. For example: did Microsoft act unethically while becoming the dominant player in its industry in free-market environment? e A third argument holds; that ethical reasoning is necessary because complex moral problems require” and intuitive or learned understanding and concern for fairness, justice, due process to people, groups, and communities”Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages Of Moral Development O Level 1: Preconventional level (self- orientation) ® Stage 1: Punishment | Stage 2: Reward seeking O Level 2: Conventional level (others orientation) ™ Stage 3: Good person ™ Stage 4: Law and order O Level 3: Postconventional level (universal, humankind orientation) ® Stage 5: Social contract ™ Stage 6: Universal ethical principles