DIVINE PUBLIC SCHOOL

MOHANAPUR ,GORAKHPUR
CLASS XII- AISSCE CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 2023-24
EXPERIMENT – 15
Aim : To analyse the given salt for one acidic(anion) and one basic (cation) radical.
Apparatus and Chemical required:- Test tube , boiling tube , test tube holder , test tube stand ,filter paper , delivery
tube , distilled water, dilute /conc. H2SO4, beakers, ,funnel, spirit lamp / gas burner, H2S gas , K4[Fe(CN)6], glass rod ,
spatula, wash bottle , diphenyl amine , conc.HNO3 , NH4 OH, Freshly prepared FeSO4

Preliminary Investigation
Physical state : Solid
Colour : Blue (Cu2+ may be)
Qdour : No characteristic odour ( absence of NH4- , S2- , CH3COO- )
Solubility : Soluble in water.
Flame Test : Bluish green flame (Cu2+ may be)
Test for Acidic Radical
Preliminary test:
S.N. Experiment Observation Inference

1. Salt solution + dil H2SO4 No gas is evolved Group A anion (C𝑂32− S2- , S𝑂32− , N𝑂2− ,
CH3COO-) are absent
2. Salt solution + Conc.H2SO4 Brown coloured gas(NO2) is Group B (N𝑂3− ) may be present
evolved
Confirmative test :
3. Diphenyl amine test : Deep blue coloured solution N𝑂3− Confirmed
salt + Conc. H2SO4 + diphenyl amine
4. Ring Test : Brown ring is formed at N𝑂3− Confirmed
Salt + Freshly prepared FeSO4 + Conc. H2SO4 the junction of two liquids
along the side of the test tube
Test for Basic Radical
a- Preliminary test :

S.N. Experiment Observation Inference

1. Salt solution + NaOH No Smell of ammonia Zero group [NH4+ ] absent
2. Salt Solution + dil HCl No White ppt of PbCl2 I group [Pb2+] absent

3. Above solution + H2S gas Black ppt is formed Group II, (Cu2+ may be
present )
4. Divide the above solution in 2 parts .

(b) Confirmative test :

S.N. Experiment Observation Inference
st
5. NH4OH test : 1 part + NH4 OH Deep blue colour Cu2+ confirmed
6. Potassium ferrocynide test : Chocolate brown ppt of Copper ferrocyanide Cu2+ confirmed
nd
II part + K4[Fe(CN)6] is formed
Chemical Reactions for Acidic Radical
Preliminary Test :-
Cu (NO3)2 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + 2HNO3
Cu + HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO2 + H2O
Brown gas
Confirmative Test :
(i) Diphenyl amine Test
2(C6H5)2 NH + [O] → (C6H5)2 N – N (C6H5)2 + H2O
(Diphenyl amine hydrazine)

1
(ii) Ring Test
Cu (NO3)2 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + 2HNO3
6FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3 → 3Fe2 (SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO
FeSO4 + NO → FeSO4 . NO or FeSO4 + NO + 5 H2O → [Fe (H2O )5NO] SO4
Brown ring complex Brown ring complex
(Nitroso ferrous sulphate)

Chemical Reaction for Basic Radical

2+ +
Cu + H2S → CuS + 2H
Black ppt
3CuS + 8HNO3 → 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O + 3S
Confirmative Test :
1. NH4OH test
Cu(NO3 )2 + 4NH4OH → [Cu(NH3 )4 ](NO3)2 + 4H2O
Deep blue solution
2. K4[Fe(CN)6 ] test :
2Cu(NO3 )2 + K4[Fe(CN)6 ] → Cu2[Fe(CN)6 ] + 4KNO3
Chocolate brown
Result : The given inorganic salt contains. Acidic Radical : NO3-
Basic Radical: Cu2+

EXPERIMENT – 16
Aim : To analyse the given salt for one acidic(anion) and one basic (cation) radical.
Apparatus and Chemical required:- Test tube , boiling tube , test tube holder , test tube stand ,filter paper , distilled
water, dilute/conc. H2SO4 ,funnel, spirit lamp / gas burner, NH4OH , NH4Cl ,dil. HCl , H2S gas ,glass rod, spatula,
wash bottle , watch glass, ammo. molybdate solution, blue litmus solution, conc.HNO3.
Preliminary Investigation
Physical state : Solid
Colour : White crystalline powder (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+,Ni2+, Mn2+ , Co2+absent)
Qdour : foul odour / No characteristic odour ( absence of NH4+ , S2- , CH3COO- )
Solubility : insoluble in water.
Flame Test : silvery white flame (Pb2+, Sr2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Ba2+,Ni2+, Zn2+ absent)
Test for Acidic Radical
Preliminary test:
S.N. Experiment Observation Inference

1. Salt solution + dil H2SO4 No gas is evolved Group A anion (C𝑂32−

S2- , S𝑂32− , N𝑂2− , CH3COO-) are
absent

2. Salt solution + Conc.H2SO4 No gas is evolved Group B anion (Cl– , I– , N𝑂3− , Br–
, C2𝑂42− ) are absent
Confirmative test :
3. Ammonium Molybdate test: 𝑃𝑂43− confirmed
Boil a pinch of salt with 2-3 ml of conc.HNO3 + Yellow ppt or
excess of ammo. molybdate solution colouration

4. Magnesia mixture test: White ppt. on the side 𝑃𝑂43− Confirmed

Aqueous solution of salt or soda extract+ Magnesia of test tube.
mixture ( solid NH4Cl + MgCl2 solution) + heat
+ cool + NH4OH .

2
 Test for Basic Radical
a- Preliminary test :

S.N. Experiment Observation Inference

1. Salt solution + NaOH No Smell of ammonia Zero group (NH4+ )absent
2. Salt Solution + dil HCl No White ppt of PbCl2 I group (Pb2+) absent

3. Above solution + pass H2S gas No Ppt is formed Group II, (Cu2+ , Pb2+ ,As3+
absent )
4. Remove H2S gas by boiling and add White gelatinous Group III (Al3+ )may be present
NH4Cl + NH4OH & ppt.
divide the Solution in
two parts.

(b) Confirmative test :

S.N. Experiment Observation Inference
st
1. Take test : 1 part + dil HCl + Blue ppt. floats over
few drops of colourless solution Al3+ confirmed
blue litmus + NH4OH dropwise
2. Ammonium chloride Test : Formation of white Al3+ confirmed
IInd part + NH4Cl + Boil the gelatinous ppt. of Al(OH)3
solution

Chemical Reactions for Acidic Radical

Preliminary Test :-
AlPO4 + dil / conc. H2SO4 → no gas evolve /no reaction

Confirmative Test :
2- Ammonium Molybdate test:

AlPO4 +3HNO3 → H3PO4 + Al (NO3)3

orthophosphoric acid

H3PO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 → (NH4)3PO4 .12MoO3↓ (Yellow /canary yellow)

OR

(NH4)3[P(Mo3O10)4] ↓ (Yellow /canary yellow) + 2NaNO3 + 21NH4NO3 + 12H2O

3. Magnesia mixture test:

Na2HPO4 (aq) + Mg SO4 (aq) + NH4OH(aq) → Mg(NH4) PO4↓ (white ppt.) + Na2SO4 + H2O

Mag.ammonium phosphate
Chemical Reaction for Basic Radical
AlPO4 + 3NH4OH → Al(OH)3 ↓+ (NH4 )3 PO4
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl →AlCl3 + 3H2O
AlCl3 + 3NH4OH → Al(OH)3 ↓ +3NH4Cl
White ppt
Result : The given inorganic salt contains. Acidic Radical : PO42-
Basic Radical: Al3+