Intermediate Algebra 12th Edition Bittinger Solutions Manual 1

Solution Manual for Intermediate Algebra 12th edition by Bittinger
Beecher and Johnson 0321924711 9780321924711

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Chapter 3
Systems of Equations
8. y
Exercise Set 3.1 5

f (x ) = x + 1
4
RC2. True; see page 243 in the text. 3

2 2
1 3
RC4. True; see page 245 in the text.
—5 —4 —3 —2 —1 1 2 3 4 5 x
—1
2. y —2
—3
5 —4
4 —5
3
2
Consistent; independent
1
—5 —4 —3 —2 —1
—1
1 2 3 4 5 x 10. b
—2 10
—3 8
2b + a = 11
—4 6
—5 4
2
Consistent; independent —10—8 —6 —4 —2 2 4 6 8 10 a
—2
4. y —4
—6
5 —8
4 —10
3x + y = 5
3
2
1
—5 —4 —3 —2 —1
—1
1 2 3 4 5 x
12. y
—2
5
—3
4
—4 1
x – 2y = 4 3
—5 4
2
1
Consistent; independent —5 —4 —3 —2 —1 1 2 3 4 5 x
—1
6. —2
—3
—4
1 —5
2
Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

·
14.
y
5
4
3
2
1
Consistent; independent —5 —4 —3 —2 —1 1 2 3 4 5 x
—1
—2
—3
—4
—5
No solution
Inconsistent; independent

·
80 Chapter 3: Systems of Equations
16. y
30. 5(10 − 4x) = −3(7x − 4)
5
50 − 20x = −21x + 12
4
3 x = −38
2
1 32. (−0.26, 57.06)
34.
—5 —4 —3 —2 —1 1 2 3 4 5 x
—1
—2
—3
—4
—5
y = x2
The graphs are the same. There are infinitely many solu-
tions.
Consistent; dependent
18. y
5
4
3
2
1
Exercise Set 3.2
—5 —4 —3 —2 —1 1 2 3 4 5 x
—1
—2
—3
RC2. True; we can use the substitution method to solve any
—4 system of two equations in two variables.
—5
RC4. False; see Example 3 on page 253 in the text.
2. x = 8 − 4y, (1)
20. b
3x + 5y = 3 (2)
5
b–a=6
4 3(8 − 4y) + 5y = 3 Substituting for x in (2)
3
24 − 12y + 5y = 3
2
24 − 7y = 3
—5 —4 —3 —2 —1 a
—1
1 2 3
a + 2b = –3
4 5
−7y = −21
—2 y=3
—3
—4 Substitute 3 for y in (1).
—5
x = 8 − 4 · 3 = 8 − 12 = −4
Consistent; independent The solution is (−4, 3).
22. Consistent; independent; the pair (1, 1) is a solution of both 4. 9x − 2y = 3, (1)
equations in system C and is not a solution of any other
system shown, so system C corresponds to this graph. 3x − 6 = y (2)
24. Consistent; independent; the system consists of a line with 9x − 2(3x − 6) = 3 Substituting for y in (1)
y-intercept (0, −1) and a horizontal line. Both lines pass 9x − 6x + 12 = 3
through (4, −3). System E corresponds to this graph. 3x + 12 = 3
26. Consistent; independent; the pair ( 1,−3) is a solution of 3x = −9
both equations in system A and is not a solution ofany
x = −3
other system shown, so system A corresponds to this graph.
3 2 Substitute −3 for x in (2).
28. x+2 = x−5
3(−3) − 6 = y
−9 − 6 = y
4 5 −15 = y
3 = 20 2
20 x+2 x−5 The solution is (−3, −15).
4 5
15x + 40 = 8x − 100
7x = −140
x = −20

·
Exercise Set 3.2 81
6. m − 2n = 3, (1) Substitute 2p − 8 for q in Equation (2) and solve for p.

4m + n = 1 (2) 5p + 7(2p − 8) = 1
We solve the first equation for m. 5p + 14p − 56 = 1
m − 2n = 3 (1) 19p − 56 = 1
m = 2n + 3 (3) 19p = 57
We substitute 2n + 3 for m in the second equation and p=3
solve for n. Substitute 3 for p in Equation (3).
4(2n + 3) + n = 1
q = 2 · 3 − 8 = 6 − 8 = −2
8n + 12 + n = 1
The solution is (3, −2).
9n + 12 = 1
14. 3x + y = 4, (1)
9n = −11
11 12 − 3y = 9x (2)
n=−
9 Solve the first equation for y.
11
Now we substitute − for n in Equation (3). 3x + y = 4
9 y = −3x + 4
11 22 27 5
m=2 − +3=− + = Substitute −3x + 4 for y in the second equation and solve
9 9 9 9 for x.
5 11 12 − 3y = 9x
The solution is ,− . 12 3( 3 + 4) = 9
9 9
— − x x
8. t = 4 − 2s, (1) 12 + 9x − 12 = 9x
t + 2s = 6 (2) 12 − 12 = 0
(4 − 2s) + 2s = 6 Substituting for t in (2) 0=0
4=6 We have a true equation. Any value of x will make this
We get a false equation. The system has no solution. equation true. Thus the system of equations has infinitely
many solutions.
10. 5x + 6y = 14, (1)
16. 5x + 3y = 4, (1)
−3y + x = 7 (2)
We solve the second equation for x. x − 4y = 3 (2)
We solve the second equation for x.
−3y + x = 7 (2) x − 4y = 3 (2)
x = 3y + 7 (3)
x = 4y + 3 (3)
Substitute 3y + 7 for x in the first equation and solve for
Substitute 4y + 3 for x in the first equation and solve for
y.
y.
5(3y + 7) + 6y = 14
5x + 3y = 4 (1)
15y + 35 + 6y = 14
5(4y + 3) + 3y = 4
21y + 35 = 14
20y + 15 + 3y = 4
21y = −21 23y + 15 = 4
y = −1
23y = −11
Substitute −1 for y in Equation (3). 11
y=−
x = 3(−1) + 7 = −3 + 7 = 4 23
11
The solution is (4, −1). Substitute − for y in Equation (3).
23
12. 4p − 2q = 16, (1) 11 44 69 25
x = 4 — 23 + 3 = − + =
5p + 7q = 1 (2) 23 23 23
Solve the first equation for q. 25 11

The solution is ,− .
4p − 2q = 16 (1) 23 23

·
−2q = −4p + 16 18. 4x + 13y = 5, (1)
q = 2p − 8 (3) −6x + y = 13 (2)
Solve the second equation for y.
−6x + y = 13 (2)
y = 6x + 13 (3)

·
Substitute 6x + 13 for y in Equation (1) and solve for x. 5x + 2y = a

4x + 13(6x + 13) = 5 −5x + 5y = −5b Multiplying by −57y
4x + 78x + 169 = 5 = a − 5b
82x + 169 = 5 a − 5b
y=
7
82x = −164
x = −2 We obtain a + 2b a − 5b . This checks, so it is the so-
,
7 7
Substitute −2 for x in Equation (3). lution.
y = 6(−2) + 13 = −12 + 13 = 1 34. Let b = the number of ounces of baking soda and v = the
The solution is (−2, 1). number of ounces of vinegar to be used. Solve:
b = 4v,
20. Let l = the length and w = the width. Solve:
b + v = 16
2l + 2w = 340,
l = w + 50 The solution is (12.8, 3.2), so 12.8 oz of baking soda and
3.2 oz of vinegar should be used.
The solution is (110, 60), so the length is 110 m and the
width is 60 m.
22. Let x and y represent the angles. Solve: Exercise Set 3.3
x + y = 90,
RC2. If a system of equations has no solution, then it is
y = 5x + 6
inconsistent.
The solution is (14, 76), so the measures of the angles are
14◦ and 76◦. RC4. If the graphs of the equations in a system of two equa-
tions in two variables are the same line, then the equa-
24. Let x = the number of coach-class seats and y = the num- tions are dependent.
ber of first-class seats. Solve:
x + y = 152, RC6. If the graph of the equations in a system of two equations
in two variables intersect at one point, then the
x = 5 + 6y equations are independent.
The solution is (131, 21), so there are 131 coach-class seats
and 21 first-class seats. 2. x + y = 9, (1)
2x − y = −3 (2)
26. −9(y + 7) − 6(y − 4) = −9y − 63 − 6y + 24 = −15y − 39
3x =6 Adding
3 − (−4) 7
28. m = = x=2
−2 − (−5) 3
Substitute 2 for x in (1).
30. −12(2x − 3) = 16(4x − 5)
2+y = 9
−24x + 36 = 64x − 80
y=7
116 = 88x
29 The solution is (2, 7).
=x
22 4. 2x − 3y = 18, (1)
32. 5x + 2y = a,
2x + 3y = −6 (2)
x− y=b 4x = 12 Adding
We multiply by 2 on both sides of the second equation and x=3
then add.
5x + 2y = a Substitute 3 for x in (2).
2 · 3 + 3y = −6
2x − 2y = 2b Multiplying by 27x
+ 0 = a + 2b Adding 6 + 3y = −6
3y = −12
7x = a + 2b
a + 2b y = −4
x= The solution is (3, −4).

7
Next we multiply by −5 on both sides of the second equa-
tion and then add.

·
Exercise Set 3.3 83
6. 2
2x + 3y = −9, (1) 5 · + 4y = 2
3
5x − 6y = −9 (2) 10
+ 4y = 2
4x + 6y = −18 Multiplying (1) by 2 3
4
5x − 6y = −9 4y = −
3
9x = −27 1
y =−
x = −3 3
Substitute −3 for x in (1). 2 1
3 3
2(−3) + 3y = −9
−6 + 3y = −9 14. 5x + 3y = 25, (1)

3y = −3 3x + 4y = 26 (2)
y = −1 20x + 12y = 100 Multiplying (1) by 4
The solution is (−3, −1). −9x − 12y = −78 Multiplying (2) by −3
8. 2a + 3b = 11, (1) 11x = 22
4a − 5b = −11 (2) x=2
−4a − 6b = −22 Multiplying (1) by −2
5 · 2 + 3y = 25
4a − 5b = −11
10 + 3y = 25
— 11b = −33 3y = 15
b=3
y=5
Substitute 3 for b in (1).
The solution is (2, 5).
2a + 3 · 3 = 11
2a + 9 = 11 16. 3x − 5y = −2
2a = 2 −3x + 5y = 7 Rearranging
a=1 0 = 5 False equation
The solution is (1, 3). There is no solution.
10. 3x − 2y = 1, (1) 18. 10x + y = 306, (1)
−6x + 4y = −2 (2) 10y + x = 90 (2)

y = −10x + 306 (3) Solving (1) for y
6x − 4y = 2 Multiplying (1) by 2
10(−10x + 306) + x = 90 Substituting for y
−6x + 4y = −2 (2) in (2)
0 = 0 True for all (x, y) −100x + 3060 + x = 90
There are infinitely many solutions. −99x = −2970
12. 5x + 4y = 2, (1) x = 30
2x − 8y = 4 (2) Substitute 30 for x in (3).
y = −10 · 30 + 306 = 6
10x + 8y = 4 Multiplying (1) by 2
2x − 8y = 4 2 1
12x =8 20. x + y = −11,
3 7
2
x= 1 1
3 x − y = −10
2 7 3
Substitute for x in (1).
3 14x + 3y = −231, (1) Multiplying by 21
3x − 7y = −210 (2) to clear fractions
98x + 21y = −1617 Multiplying (1) by 7
9x − 21y = −630 Multiplying (2) by 3

·
107x = −2247
x= −21

·
Substitute −21 for x in (1). 49x − 21y = 35 Multiplying (1) by 7

14(−21) + 3y = −231 −12x + 21y = 39 Multiplying (2) by 3
3y = 63 37x = 74
y = 21 x=2
The solution is (−21, 21). Substitute 2 for x in (2).
2 3
22. x + y = −17, −4 · 2 + 7y = 13
3 5 7y = 21
1 1
x − y = −1 y=3
2 3
We multiply the first equation by 15 and the second equa- The solution is (2, 3).
tion by 6 to clear fractions.
28. 1.3x − 0.2y = 12, (1)
10x + 9y = −255, (1) 0.4x + 17y = 89 (2)
3x − 2y = −6 (2) 13x − 2y = 120, (3) Clearing decimals
20x + 18y = −510 Multiplying (1) by 2 4x + 170y = 890 (4)
27x − 18y = −54 Multiplying (2) by 9 1105x − 170y = 10, 200 Multiplying (3) by 85
47x = −564
4x + 170y = 890 (4)

x = −12
1109x = 11, 090
Substitute −12 for x in (1).
x= 10
10(−12) + 9y = −255
−120 + 9y = −255
9y = −135 13 · 10 − 2y = 120
y = −15 −2y = −10
The solution is (−12, −15). y=5
4 3 The solution is (10, 5).
24. x + y = 4,
3 2
30. Let x = the larger number and y = the smaller number.
5 1
x − y = −6 Solve:
6 8
x + y = 2,
We multiply the first equation by 6 and the second equa- −4x + 7y = 13 (2) in both equations
tion by 24 to clear fractions.
8x + 9y = 24, (1)
20x − 3y = −144 (2)
8x + 9y = 24
60x − 9y = −432 Multiplying (2) by 3
68x = −408
x = −6
Substitute −6 for x in (1).
8(−6) + 9y = 24
−48 + 9y = 24
9y = 72
y=8
The solution is (−6, 8).
26. 0.7x − 0.3y = 0.5,
−0.4x + 0.7y = 1.3
7x − 3y = 5, (1) Clearing decimals

·
x − y = 20
The solution is (11, −9), so the numbers are 11 and −9.
32. Let x = the larger number and y = the smaller
number. Solve:
x + y = 9,
2x + 3y = 2
The solution is (25, −16), so the numbers are 25 and −16.
34. Let x and y represent the measures of the angles. Solve:
x + y = 180,
x − y = 22
The solution is (101, 79), so the measures of the angles are
101◦and 79◦.
36. Let x = the number of two-point shots made and y =

thenumber of foul shots made. Solve:
x + y = 64,
2x + y =
100
The solution is (36, 28), so Chamberlain made 36 two-point
shots and 28 foul shots.
38. Let x = the number of redbud trees chosen and y = the
number of dogwood trees chosen. Solve:

·
Exercise Set 3.4 85
x + y = 18, −4 · 2 + 3a = 7
37x + 45y = 754 3a = 15
The solution is (7, 11), so 7 customers chose an Eastern a = 5
Redbud and 11 chose a Kousa Dogwood. Thus, a = 5 and b = 2.
40. f (−1) = 3(−1)2 − (−1) + 1 = 3 + 1 + 1 = 5

42. f (2a) = 3(2a)2 − 2a + 1 = 12a2 − 2a + 1 Exercise Set 3.4
44. Domain: all real numbers; range: {y|y ≤ 5}, or (−∞, 5]
10 − 2 8 RC2. 15
46. m = = =1 RC4. 0.2(10) = 2
−2 − (−10) 8
y − y1 = m(x − x1) 2. Let x = the number of small stems sold and y = the num-
ber of large stems sold. Solve:
y − 2 = 1(x − (−10))
x + y = 118,
y − 2 = x + 10
2.50x + 3.95y = 376.20
y = x + 12
x+y x−y The solution is (62, 56), so Kevin sold 62 sunflowers with
48. − = 1, small stems and 56 with large stems.
2 5
x−y x+y 4. Let x and y represent the number of truffles and cream
2 + 6 = −2 mints, respectively, in each box. The 75 boxes are identi-
cal, so each sold for $1872/75, or $24.96. Solve:

After clearing fractions we have:
x + y = 12,
3x + 7y = 10, (1)
2.95x + 1.79y = 24.96
2x − y = −6 (2)
The solution is (3, 9), so each box contained 3 truffles and
6x + 14y = 20 Multiplying (1) by 2 9 cream mints.
28x − 14y = −84 Multiplying (2) by 14 6. Let x = the number of ounces of lemon juice and y = the
34x = −64 number of ounces of linseed oil to be used. Solve:
32 y = 2x,
x=− x + y = 32
3217
Substitute for in (1). 2 1 2
− x The solution is 10 , 21 , so 10 oz of lemon juice and
32 17 1 3 3 3
3 − + 7y = 10 21 oz of linseed oil should be used.
17 3
266 8. Let x = the number of pounds of Deep Thought Granola
7y =
17 and y = the number of pounds of Oat Dream Granola to
38 be used. Solve:
y= x + y = 20,
17
32 38
The solution is — , . 0.25x + 0.1y = 0.19(20)
17 17
The solution is (12, 8), so 12 lb of Deep Thought Granola
50. There are many correct answers. Find one by expressing and 8 lb of Oat Dream Granola should be used.
the sum of the two numbers:
10. Let x = the number of pounds of soybean meal and y = the
x + y = −1
number of pounds of corn meal in the mixture. The
52. Substitute —4 for x and −3 for y in both equations and amount of protein in the mixture is 0.12(350 lb), or 42 lb.
solve for a and b. Solve: x + y = 350,
−4a − 3b = −26, (1) 0.16x + 0.09y = 42
−4b + 3a = 7 (2) The solution is (150, 200), so 150 lb of soybean meal and200
lb of corn meal should be used.
−12a − 9b = −78 Multiplying (1) by 3
12a − 16b = 28 Multiplying (2) by 4 12. Let x and y represent the number of Acuminata bulbs and

·
Cafe Brun bulbs, respectively, in the assortment. Solve:
−25b = −50
x + y = 12,
b= 2
4.85x + 9.50y = 12(7.95)
Substitute 2 for b in (2).
The solution is (4, 8), so the assortment contains 4 Acumi-
nata bulbs and 8 Cafe Brun bulbs.

·
14. Let x = the amount invested at 4% and y = the amount Solve: 2900 = (r − w)5,
invested at 6%. Solve: w 29

2900 = r −
x + y = 45, 000 2 6
0.04x + 0.06y = 2430 The solution is (620,40), so the headwind is 40 mph and
the plane’s air speed is 620 mph.
The solution is (13, 500, 31, 500), so $13,500 was invested
at 4% and $31,500 was invested at 6%. 28. Distance Rate Time
16. Let x = the number of liters of Arctic Antifreeze that Slower
should be used and let y = the number of liters in the d 190 t
mixture. Solve: plane
x + 7.5 = y Faster
780 − d 200 t
0.18x + 0.1(7.5) = 0.15y
plane
The solution is (12.5, 20), so 12.5 L of Arctic Antifreeze should
be used. Solve: d = 190t,
780 − d = 200t
18. Let x = the amount borrowed at 2.8% interest and
y = the amount borrowed at 4.5%. Solve: We find that t = 2 hr.
x + y = 31, 000, 30. Distance Rate Time
0.028x + 0.045y = 1024.40 Toward
d 370 t
Los Angeles
The solution is (21, 800, 9200), so $21,800 was borrowed at
Toward 2553 − d
2.8% and $9200 was borrowed at 4.5%. 250 t
Honolulu
20. Let x and y represent the number of quarters and dollar Solve: d = 370t,
coins, respectively, used to make change. Note that the
2553 − d = 250t
change owed is $20 − $9.25 = $10.75. Solve:
x + y = 19, We find that d ≈ 1524 mi.
0.25x + y = 10.75 32. {2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

The solution is (11, 8), so there were 11 quarters and 8 dol- 34. | − 7x2| = | − 7|· |x2| = 7x2
lar coins. . .
36. .. a .. = |a | = a
4 4 4
22.
Distance Rate Time .c.
|c| |c|
Max d 80 t 38.
Olivia d 96 t−1 Distance Rate Time
Solve: d = 80t, Jogging d 8 t
Walking 6−d 4 1−t
d = 96t(t − 1)
We find that d = 480 km. Solve: d = 8t,
24. Let r = the speed of the boat in still water. 6 − d = 4(1 − t)

We find that d = 4 km.
Distance Rate Time
Down- 40. Let b = the number of boys and g = the number of girls. Then
d r+6 3
stream Phyllis has b brothers and g − 1 sisters, and Phil hasb − 1
Up- brothers and g sisters.
d r−6 5
stream Solve: b = 2(g − 1),
Solve: d = 3(r + 6), b−1=g
d = 5(r − 6) The solution is (4, 3), so there are 4 boys and 3 girls in the
family.
We find that r = 24 mph.
26. Let w = the speed of the headwind. Note that 4 hr 50

5 29
min = 4 hr, or hr. Chapter 3 Mid-Chapter Review
6 6
Distance Rate Time
Stronger
2900 r−w c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5 Copyright ·
headwind
Weaker w 29
2900 r−
2 6
1. False
; see
page
s
253
and
260
in
the
text.
2. False
; see
page
245
in
the
text.
3. True
; see
page
245
in
the
text.

·
Chapter 3 Mid-Chapter Review 87
4. True; a vertical line x = a and a horizontal line y = b 8. Graph the lines on the same set of axes.
intersect at exactly one point, (a, b). y
5. x + 2y = 3, 5
4
y = x−6 3
2
x + 2(x − 6) = 3 1
x + 2x − 12 = 3 —5 —4 —3 —2 —1 1 2 3 4 5 x
—1
3x − 12 = 3 —2
—3
3x = 15 —4
3x + y = 3
x=5 —5
y = 5−6 The solution appears to be (0, 3).

y = −1 Check:
The solution is (5, −1). x+y = 3 3x + y = 3
6. 3x − 2y = 5, 0 + 3 ?. 3 3 · 0 + 3 ?. 3
3 . .
2x + 4y = 14 TRUE 0+3
.
6x − 4y = 10 3 . TRUE
2x + 4y = 14 The solution is (0, 3).
8x = 24 Since the system of equations has a solution, it is consis-
x=3 tent. Since there is exactly one solution, the equations are
independent.
2 · 3 + 4y = 14
6 + 4y = 14 9. Graph the lines on the same set of axes.
4y = 8 y
y=2 5
y = 2x – 3
4
The solution is (3, 2). 3
2
7. Graph the lines on the same set of axes. 1
y —5 —4 —3 —2 —1 1 2 3 4 5 x
—1
5 —2
4 —3
y=4–x
3 —4
2 —5
1
—5 —4 —3 —2 —1
—1
1 2 3 4 5 x The graphs are the same. There is an infinite number of
—2 solutions. Since the system of equations has a solution, it
—3 is consistent. Since there are infinitely many solutions, the
—4 equations are dependent.
—5
10. Graph the lines on the same set of axes.

The solution appears to be (5, −1).
y
Check:
5
4
y = x−6 y = 4 −x
2
−1 ?. 5 − 6 −1 ?. 4 − 5 1
. .
. −1 TRUE . −1 TRUE —5 —4 —3 —2 —1 1 2 3 4 5 x
—1
The solution is (5, −1). —2
—3
Since the system of equations has a solution, it is consis- —4
tent. Since there is exactly one solution, the equations are —5
independent.
The lines are parallel. There is no solution. Since the sys-
tem of equations has no solution, it is inconsistent. Since
there is no solution, the equations are independent.

·
11. x = y + 2, (1) 15. 2x + y = 2, (1)

2x − 3y = −2 (2) x − y = 4 (2)
Substitute y + 2 for x in the Equation (2) and solve for y. 3x =6 Adding
2(y + 2) − 3y = −2 x=2
2y + 4 − 3y = −2 Substitute 2 for x in Equation (1) and solve for y.
−y + 4 = −2 2·2+y = 2
−y = −6 4+y = 2
y=6 y = −2
Substitute 6 for y in Equation (1) and find x. The solution is (2, −2).
x=6+2=8
16. x − 2y = 13, (1)
x + 2y = −3 (2)
12. y = x − 5, (1) 2x = 10 Adding
x − 2y = 8 (2) x=5
Substitute x − 5 for y in the Equation (2) and solve for x. Substitute 5 for x in Equation (2) and solve for y.
x − 2(x − 5) = 8 5 + 2y = −3
x − 2x + 10 = 8 2y = −8
−x + 10 = 8 y = −4
−x = −2 The solution is (5, −4).
x=2
17. 3x − 4y = 5, (1)
Substitute 2 for x in Equation (1) and find y.
y = 2 − 5 = −3 5x − 2y = −1 (2)
First multiply by −2 on both sides of Equation (2) and
The solution is (2, −3). then add.
13. 4x + 3y = 3, (1) 3x − 4y = 5
y = x+8 (2) −10x + 4y = 2
Substitute x + 8 for y in the Equation (1) and solve for x. −7x =7
4x + 3(x + 8) = 3 x = −1
4x + 3x + 24 = 3 Substitute −1 for x in Equation (1) and solve for y.
7x + 24 = 3 3(−1) − 4y = 5
7x = −21 −3 − 4y = 5
x = −3 −4y = 8
Substitute −3 for x in Equation (2) and find y. y = −2
y = −3 + 8 = 5 The solution is (−1, −2).
The solution is (−3, 5). 18. 3x + 2y = 11, (1)
14. 3x − 2y = 1, (1) 2x + 3y = 9 (2)
x=y+1 (2)
We use the multiplication principle on both equations and
Substitute y + 1 for x in the Equation (1) and solve for y. then add.
3(y + 1) − 2y = 1 9x + 6y = 33 Multiplying (1) by 3
3y + 3 − 2y = 1 −4x − 6y = −18 Multiplying (2) by −2
y+3 = 1 5x = 15
y = −2 x=3
Substitute −2 for y in Equation (2) and find x. Substitute 3 for x in Equation (1) and solve for y.
x = −2 + 1 = −1 3 · 3 + 2y = 11
The solution is (−1, −2). 9 + 2y = 11
2y = 2
y=1

·
Chapter 3 Mid-Chapter Review 89
19. x − 2y = 5, (1) Substitute 8 for y in Equation (2) and solve for x.

3x − 6y = 10 (2) 0.1x − 0.2(8) = −2.5
First we multiply by −3 on both sides of Equation (1) and 0.1x − 1.6 = −2.5
then add. 0.1x = −0.9
−3x + 6y = −15 x = −9
3x − 6y = 10
The solution is (−9, 8).
0 = −5
23. Familiarize. Let l = the length of the garden, in feet,
We get a false equation. There is no solution.
and let w = the width.
20. 4x − 6y = 2, (1) Translate.
−2x + 3y = −1 (2) Perimeter is 4̀4˛¸ftx.
First we multiply by 2 on both sides of Equation (2) and

then add. 2l + 2w = 44
4x − 6y = 2 Width is length less 2̀˛f¸tx.
−4x + 6y = −2
0=0 w = l − 2
We obtain an equation that is true for all values of x and y. We have a system of equations.
Thus, if an ordered pair is a solution of one of the original 2l + 2w = 44, (1)
equations, it is a solution of the other equation also. The
w =l−2 (2)
system of equations has an infinite number of solutions.
−
Solve. We substitute l 2 for w in Equation (1) and solve
1 1
21. x + y = 1, (1) for l.
2 3 2l + 2(l − 2) = 44
1 3
x − y = 11 (2) 2l + 2l − 4 = 44
5 4 4l − 4 = 44
We multiply both sides of Equation 1 by 6 and both sides
of Equation (2) by 20 to clear fractions. 4l = 48
3x + 2y = 6 (3) l = 12
4x − 15y = 220 (4) Now substitute 12 for l in Equation (2) and find w.
We use the multiplication principle on both equations w = 12 − 2 = 10
again and then add. Check. The perimeter is 2 12 · ft+2 10 · ft = 24 ft+20 ft = 44
45x + 30y = 90 Multiplying (3) by 15 ft. Also, the width, 10 ft, is 2 ft less than the length, 12 ft.
The answer checks.
8x − 30y = 440 Multiplying (4) by 2
State. The length of the garden is 12 ft, and the width is
53x = 530
10 ft.
x = 10
Substitute 10 for x in Equation (3) and solve for y. 24. Familiarize. Let x and y represent the amounts invested at
2% and at 3%, respectively. Then the 2% investment
3 · 10 + 2y = 6 earns 0.02x, and the 3% investment earns 0.03y.
30 + 2y = 6
Translate.
2y = −24 T̀otal amou
˛¸nt investedx was $5000.
y = −12 0.7y = 5.6
The solution is (10, −12). y=8
22. 0.2x + 0.3y = 0.6, (1)
0.1x − 0.2y = −2.5 (2)
We could begin by clearing the decimals. Instead, we will
multiply by 2−on both sides of Equation (2) and thenadd.
0.2x + 0.3y = 0.6
−0.2x + 0.4y = 5

·
x+y = 5000
Ìnteres˛t¸earnedx was $129.
0.02x + 0.03y = 129

After clearing decimals, we have the following system of
equations.
x + y = 5000, (1)
2x + 3y = 12, 900 (2)
Solve. Multiply both sides of Equation (1) by 2 and −
then add.

·
−2x − 2y = −10, 000 26. Familiarize. Let d = the distance traveled and r = the
2x + 3y = 12, 900 speed of the boat in still water, in mph. Then when the
y = 2900 boat travels downstream its speed is r + 6, and its speed
upstream is r − 6. The distances are the same.
Substitute 2900 for y in Equation (1) and solve for x.
We organize the information in a table.
x + 2900 = 5000
x = 2100 Distance Rate Time
Downstream d r+6 5
Check. Upstream 8
d r−6
Total investment: $2100 + $2900 = $5000
Amount earned at 2%: 0.02($2100) = $42 Translate. Using d = rt in each row of the table, we get
Amount earned at 3%: 0.03($2900) = $87 a system of equations.
Total earnings: $42 + $87 = $129 d = (r + 6)5, d = 5r + 30, (1)
or
The answer checks.
d = (r − 6)8 d = 8r − 48 (2)
State. $2100 was invested at 2%, and $2900 was invested
at 3%. Solve. Substitute 8r − 48 for d in Equation (1) and solve
for r.
25. Familiarize. Let x = the number of liters of 20% solution 8r − 48 = 5r + 30
and y = the number of liters of 50% solution to be used.
The mixture contains 30% (84 L), or 0.3(84 L), or 25.2 L 3r − 48 = 30
of acid. 3r = 78
Translate. We organize the information in a table. r = 26
20% 50% Check. When r = 26, then r + 6 = 26 + 6 = 32, and
Mixture the distance traveled in 5 hr is 32 · 5, or 160 mi. Also,
solution solution
Number r — 6 = 26 − 6 = 20, and the distance traveled in 8 hr is
x y 84 20 ·8, or 160 mi. Since the distances are the same, the
of liters
Percent answer checks.
20% 50% 30%
of acid State. The speed of the boat in still water is 26 mph.
Amount 3 2
0.2x 0.5y 25.2 L
of acid 27. Graphically: 1. Graph y = x + 2 and y = x − 5 and
4 5
We get one equation from the “Number of liters” row of find the point of intersection. The first coordinate of this
the table. point is the solution of the original equation.
x + y = 84 7
2. Rewrite the equation as x + 7 = 0. Then graph
The last row of the table yields a second equation. 20
7
0.2x + 0.5y = 25.2 y = x + 7 and find the x-intercept. The first coordinate
20
of this point is the solution of the original equation.
equations. Algebraically: 1. Use the addition and multiplication prin-
ciples for equations.
x + y = 84, (1)
2. Multiply by 20 to clear the fractions and then use the
2x + 5y = 252 (2) addition and multiplication principles for equations.
Solve. Multiply both sides of Equation (1) by −2 and
then add. 28. a) Answers may vary.
−2x − 2y = −168 x + y = 1,
2x + 5y = 252 x−y = 7
3y = 84 b) Answers may vary
y= 28 x + 2y = 5,
Substitute 28 for y in Equation (1) and solve for x. 3x + 6y = 10
x + 28 = 84 c) Answers may vary.
x = 56 x − 2y = 3,
Check. The total amount of the mixture is 56 L + 28 L, 3x − 6y = 9
or 84 L. The amount of acid in the mixture is 0.2(56 L) +
29. Answers may vary. Form a linear expression in two vari-
0.5(28 L) = 11.2 L + 14 L = 25.2 L. The answer checks.
ables and set it equal to two different constants. See Ex-
State. 56 L of the 20% solution and 28 L of the 50% ercises 10 and 19 in this review for examples.
solution should be used.

·
Exercise Set 3.5 91
30. Answers may vary. Let any linear equation be one equation 1−y+2 = 4 Substituting in (1)
in the system. Multiply by a constant on both sides of that y = −1
equation to get the second equation in the system.See
Exercises 9 and 20 in this review for examples. The solution is (1, −1, 2).
6. 6x − 4y + 5z = 31, (1)
5x + 2y + 2z = 13, (2)
Exercise Set 3.5 x+ y+ z=2 (3)
6x − 4y + 5z = 31 (1)
RC2. (c)
4x + 4y + 4z = 8 Multiplying (3) by 4
RC4. (a)
10x + 9z = 39 (4)
2. 2x − y − 4z = −12, (1) 5x + 2y + 2z = 13 (2)
2x + y + z = 1, (2) −2x − 2y − 2z = −4 Multiplying (3) by −2
x + 2y + 4z = 10 (3) 3x = 9
2x − y − 4z = −12 (1) x= 3
2x + y + z = 1 (2) 10 · 3 + 9z = 39 Substituting in (4)
4x − 3z = −11 (4) Adding z=1
4x − 2y − 8z = −24 Multiplying (1) by 2
3+y+1 = 2 Substituting in (3)
x + 2y + 4z = 10 (3)
y = −2
5x − 4z = −14 (5) Adding
The solution is (3, −2, 1).
16x − 12z = −44 Multiplying (4) by 4
8. x + y + z = 0, (1)
−15x + 12z = 42 Multiplying (5) by −3
2x + 3y + 2z = −3, (2)
x = −2
−x + 2y − 3z = −1 (3)
4(−2) − 3z = −11 Substituting in (4)
z=1 −2x − 2y − 2z = 0 Multiplying (1) by −2
2x + 3y + 2z = −3 (2)
2(−2) + y + 1 = 1 Substituting in (2)
y = −3
y−3 = 1
y=4 x + z=3 Substituting in (1)
The solution is (−2, 4, 1). −x − 3z = 5 Substituting in (3)
4. x − y + z = 4, (1) −2z = 8
3x + 2y + 3z = 7, (2) z = −4
2x + 9y + 6z = 5 (3) x−3−4 = 0 Substituting in (1)
x=7
2x − 2y + 2z = 8 Multiplying (1) by 2
The solution is (7, −3, −4).
3x − 2y + 3z = 7 (2)
5x + 5z = 15 (4) 10. 2x + y − 3z = −4, (1)
4x − 2y + z = 9, (2)
2x + 9y + 6z = 5 (3) 3x + 5y − 2z = 5 (3)
11x + 15z = 41 (5) 2x + y − 3z = −4 (1)
−15x − 15z = −45 Multiplying (4) by −3 12x − 6y + 3z = 27 Multiplying (2) by 3

11x + 15z = 41 14x − 5y = 23 (4)
−4x = −4 8x − 4y + 2z = 18 Multiplying (2) by 2
x= 1 3x + 5y − 2z = 5 (3)
5 · 1 + 5z = 15 Substituting in (4) 11x + y = 23 (5)
z=2

·
14x − 5y = 23 (4) 2(−2) + y + 2 · 4 = 3 Substituting in (1)

55x + 5y = 115 Multiplying (5) by 5 y = −1
69x = 138 The solution is (−2, −1, 4).
x= 2 16. 2r + s + t = 6, (1)
11 · 2 + y = 23 Substituting in (5) 3r − 2s − 5t = 7, (2)
y=1 r + s − 3t = −10 (3)
4 · 2 − 2 · 1 + z = 9 Substituting in (2) 4r + 2s + 2t = 12 Multiplying (1) by 2
z=3 3r − 2s − 5t = 7 (2)
The solution is (2, 1, 3). 7r − 3t = 19 (4)
12. 2x + y + 2z = 11, (1) 2r + s + t = 6 (1)
3x + 2y + 2z = 8, (2) −r − s + 3t = 10 Multiplying (3) by −1
x + 4y + 3z = 0 (3) r + 4t = 16 (5)
2x + y + 2z = 11 (1) 7r − 3t = 19
−2x − 8y − 6z = 0 Multiplying (3) by −2 −7r − 28t = −112 Multiplying (5) by −7
— 7y − 4z = 11 (4) — 31t = −93

t=3
3x + 2y + 2z = 8 (2)
r + 4 · 3 = 16 Substituting in (5)
−3x − 12y − 9z = 0 Multiplying (3) by −3
r + 12 = 16
— 10y − 7z = 8 (5)
r=4
−49y − 28z = 77 Multiplying (4) by 7
2·4+s+3 = 6 Substituting in (1)
40y + 28z = −32 Multiplying (5) by −4
8+s+3 = 6
−9y = 45
s + 11 = 6
y = −5 s = −5
−7(−5) − 4z = 11 Substituting in (4) The solution is (4, −5, 3).
z=6
18. x + 4y − z = 5, (1)
x + 4(−5) + 3 · 6 = 0 Substituting in (3) 2x − y + 3z = −5, (2)
x=2 4x + 3y + z = 5 (3)
The solution is (2, −5, 6).
3x + 12y − 3z = 15 Multiplying (1) by 3
14. 2x + y + 2z = 3, (1)
2x − y + 3z = −5 (2)
x + 6y + 3z = 4, (2) 5x + 11y = 10 (4)
3x − 2y + z = 0 (3)
x + 4y − z = 5 (1)
−12x − 6y − 12z = −18 Multiplying (1) by −6 4x + 3y + z = 5 (3)
x + 6y + 3z = 4 (2) 5x + 7y = 10 (5)
−11x − 9z = −14 (4)
5x + 11y = 10 (4)
4x + 2y + 4z = 6 Multiplying (1) by 2 −5x − 7y = −10 Multiplying (5) by −1
3x − 2y + z = 0 (3) 4y = 0
7x + 5z = 6 (5) y=0
−55x − 45z = −70 Multiplying (4) by 5
5x + 11 · 0 = 10 Substituting in (4)
63x + 45z = 54 Multiplying (5) by 9 5x = 10
8x = −16 x=2
x = −2 4·2+3·0+z = 5 Substituting in (3)
7(−2) + 5z = 6 Substituting in (5) 8+z = 5
z=4 z = −3
The solution is (2, 0, −3).

·
Exercise Set 3.5 93
20. 10x + 6y + z = 7, (1) 24. 4a + 9b = 8, (1)

5x − 9y − 2z = 3, (2) 8a + 6c = −1, (2)
15x − 12y + 2z = −5 (3) 6b + 6c = −1 (3)
20x + 12y + 2z = 14 Multiplying (1) by 2 Note that there is no c in Equation (1). We will use equa-
tions (2) and (3) to obtain another equation with no cterms.
5x − 9y − 2z = 3 (2)
8a + 6c = −1 (2)
25x + 3y = 17 (4)
− 6b − 6c = 1 Multiplying (3) by −1
5x − 9y − 2z = 3 (2) 8a − 6b = 0 (4) Adding
15x − 12y + 2z = −5 (3) −8a − 18b = −16 Multiplying (1) by −2
20x − 21y = −2 (5) 8a − 6b = 0 (4)
175x + 21y = 119 Multiplying (4) by 7 — 24b = −16
20x − 21y = −2 (5) 2
b=
195x = 117 3
3
x= 2 2
5 8a − 6 =0 Substituting for b in (4)
8a − 34=0 3
3
25 + 3y = 17 Substituting in (4)
5
2 8a = 4
y= 1
3
a=
3 2 2
10 +6 +z = 7 Substituting in (1)
5 3 1 1
8 + 6c = −1 Substituting for a in (2)
z = −3 2 2
32 4 + 6c = −1
The solution is
, , −3 .
5 3 6c = −5
22. 3p + 2r = 11, (1) 5
c=−
q − 7r = 4, (2) 6
1 2 5
p − 6q =1 (3) The solution is
2 , 3, − 6 .
6q − 42r = 24 Multiplying (2) by 6 26. a− 5c = 17, (1)
p − 6q = 1 (3) b + 2c = −1, (2)
p − 42r = 25 (4) 4a − b − 3c = 12 (3)
3p + 2r = 11 (1) b + 2c = −1 (2)
−3p + 126r = −75 Multiplying (4) by −3 4a − b − 3c = 12 (3)
128r = −64 4a − c = 11 (4)
1
r= − a − 5c = 17 (1)
2
1 −20a + 5c = −55 Multiplying (4) by −5

3
p+2 — = 11 Substituting in (1)
2 −19a = −38
p=4
a= 2
1
=4 Substituting in (2) 2 − 5c = 17 Substituting in (1)
q−7 − 2
1 c = −3
q=
2 b + 2(−3) = −1 Substituting in (2)
1 1

·
The solution is 4, , − .
2 2 b=5
28. F = 3ab
F
= a Dividing by 3b
3b

·
1
30. F = t(c − d)
2
2F = tc − td Exercise Set 3.6
2F − tc = −td
2F − tc RC2. (d)
= d, or
−t
RC4. (b)
tc − 2F = d, or
t 2. Let x, y, and z represent the fat content of a Big Mac,
2F a medium order of fries, and a vanilla milkshake, respec-

c− =d tively. Solve:
t
x + y + z = 66,
32. Ax + By = c
x = z + 11,
By = c − Ax
c − Ax y+z =x+8
y =
B The solution is (29, 19, 18), so a Big Mac has 29 g of fat,
2 5 the fries have 19 g of fat, and the milkshake has 18 g of
34. y = − x − fat.
3 4
The equation is in slope-intercept form, y = mx + b. The 4. Let x, y, and z represent the measures of angles A, B, and
2 5
slope is − , and the y-intercept is 0, − 4 . C, respectively. Solve:
3 x + y + z = 180,
36. 2x − 5y = 10 y = 2x,
−5y = −2x + 10 z = 80 + x
— (−5y) = − 1(−2x + 10)
1
The solution is (25, 50, 105), so the measures of angles A,
5 5 B, and C are 25◦, 50◦, and 105◦, respectively.

2
y = x−2 The solution is (−3, −1, 0, 4).
5
The equation is now in slope-intercept form, y = mx + b.
2
The slope is , and the y-intercept is (0, −2).
5
38. w + x − y + z = 0, (1)
w − 2x − 2y − z = −5, (2)
w − 3x − y + z = 4, (3) 2w
− x − y + 3z = 7 (4)
Pairing equations (1) and (2), (2) and (3), and (2) and (4)
and eliminating z, we have
2w − x − 3y = −5, (5)
2w − 5x − 3y = −1, (6)
5w − 7x − 7y = −8. (7)
2w − x − 3y = −5 (5)
−2w + 5x + 3y = 1 Multiplying (6) by −1
4x = −4
x = −1
Substituting −1 for x in (5) and (7), we have
2w − 3y = −6, (8)
5w − 7y = −15. (9)
Solving the system composed of (8) and (9), we have w =
−3 and y = 0.
−3 − 1 − 0 + z = 0 Substituting in (1)
z=4

·
6. We know the thousands digit must be 1. The United States
did not exist as a union until the 1700’s, and the first U.
S. transcontinental railroad was completed before 2000.
1xyz
We let x represent the hundreds digit, y the tens digit, and
z the ones digit. Since z is a multiple of 3, we know that
z must be 3, 6, or 9. We have the following possibilities:
1xy3 1xy6 1xy9
We also know that z is one more than x.
When z = 3, x = 2.
When z = 6, x = 5.
When z = 9, x = 8.
Now the possibilities are:
12y3 15y6 18y9
Only 1 8 y 9 is a reasonable possibility.
1 + 8 + y + 9 = 24
y= 6
Thus, the year is 1869.
8. Let x, y, and z represent the number of tall, grande
andventi coffees served, respectively. Solve:
x + y + z = 50,
1.75x + 1.95y + 2.25z =
98.70,
12x + 16y + 20z = 10(80)
The solution is (12, 26, 12), so Brandie served 12 tall cof-
fees, 26 grande coffees, and 12 venti coffees.

·
Exercise Set 3.6 95
10. Let x, y, and z represent the prices of a children’s book, a 22. Let x, y, and z represent the number of orders that can be
paperback, and a hardback, respectively. Solve: processed alone by Steven, Teri, and Isaiah, respectively.
22x + 10y + 5z = 63.50, Solve:
x + y + z = 740,
12y + 15z = 52.50,
x + y = 470,
8x + 6z = 29
y + z = 520
The solution is (1.75, 1.25, 2.50), so a children’s book costs
$1.75, a paperback costs $1.25, and a hardback costs $2.50. The solution is (220, 250, 270), so Steven, Teri, and Isaiahcan
process 220, 250, and 270 orders, respectively, alone.
12. Let x, y, and z represent the prices of upgrading the pro-
cessor, the memory, and the graphics card, respectively. 24.
Solve:
480 + x + y = 745,
480 + y + z = 690,
480 + x + z = 805
The solution is (190, 75, 135), so the processor upgrade costs
$190, the memory upgrade costs $75, and the upgrade to
the graphics card costs $135.
14. Let x, y, and z represent the number of calories in the
sandwich, the soup, and the cookie respectively. Solve:
x + y + z = 580, 26. It is possible for a vertical line to intersect the graph more
than once, so this is not the graph of a function.
x = y + z − 20,
z = y + 120 28. There is no vertical line that can intersect the graph more
than once, so this is the graph of a function.
The solution is (280,90,210), so the sandwich has 280 calo-
ries, the soup has 90 calories, and the cookie has 210 calo- 30. Let T , G, and H represent the number of tickets Tom, Gary,
ries. and Hal begin with, respectively. After Hal gives tickets
to Tom and Gary, each has the following number of
16. Let x, y, and z represent the number of servings of roast
tickets:
beef, baked potato, and asparagus, respectively. Solve:
Tom: T + T, or 2T,
300x + 100y + 50z = 800 (Calories)
Gary: G + G, or 2G,
20x + 5y + 5z = 55 (protein)
20y + 44z = 220 (vitamin C) Hal: H − T − G.
9 11 15 1 After Tom gives tickets to Gary and Hal, each has the
The solution is , ,
8 4 4 , so the meal should have 1 following number of tickets:
8
3 3 Gary: 2G + 2G, or 4G,
servings of roast beef, 2 baked potatoes, and 3 servings The solution is (32, 5, 13), so the Knicks made 32 two-
4 4
of asparagus. pointfield goals, 5 three-point field goals, and 13 foul
shots.
18. Let x, y, and z represent the amount of the Perkins loan,
the Stafford loan, and the bank loan, respectively. Solve:
x + y + z = 32, 000,
0.05x + 0.04y + 0.07z = 1500,
0.05x = 0.07z + 220
The solution is (10, 000, 18, 000, 4000), so Terrance has a
Perkins loan for $10,000, a Stafford loan for $18,000, and
a bank loan for $4000.
20. Let x, y, and z represent the number of 2-point field goals, 3-
point field goals, and 1-point foul shots made, respectively.
The total number of points scored from each ofthese types
of goals is 2x, 3y, and z. Solve:
2x + 3y + z = 92,
x + y + z = 50,
x = 19 + z

·
Hal: (H − T − G) + (H − T − G), or
2(H − T − G),
Tom: 2T − 2G − (H − T − G), or3T
−H −G
After Gary gives tickets to Hal and Tom, each has the
following number of tickets:
Hal: 2(H − T − G) + 2(H − T − G), or
4(H − T − G)
Tom: (3T − H − G) + (3T − H − G), or
2(3T − H − G),
Gary: 4G − 2(H − T − G) − (3T − H − G), or7G
− H − T.
Since Hal, Tom, and Gary each finish with 40 tickets, we
write the following system of equations:
4(H − T − G) = 40,
2(3T − H − G) = 40,
7G − H − T = 40

·
Solving the system we find that T = 35, so Tom started 8. Graph: y ≤ x − 3

with 35 tickets. Graph y = x —3, using a solid line. Test (0, 0): 0 ≤ −3 is
false.
32. Let w, x, y, and z represent the ages of Tammy, Carmen,
Dennis, and Mark respectively. Solve:
w = x + y,
x = 2 + y + z,
y = 4z,
w + x + y + z = 42
—2
The solution is (20, 12, 8, 2), so Tammy is 20 years old. —3
y ≤ x −3
—4
—5
Exercise Set 3.7

10. Graph: y ≥ x + 4
RC2. The sentence 4x − y < 3 is an example of a linear Graph y = x + 4, using a solid line. Test (0, 0): 0 ≥ 4 is
inequality. false.
RC4. The ordered pair (1, 6) is a solution of 4x − y < 3.

RC6. To determine which half-plane to shade when graphing
an inequality, we can use a test point.
2. 4x + 3y ≥ 0
—2
4 · 6 + 3(−8) ?. 0 —3
. —4
24 − 24 . —5
.
0 . TRUE
(6, −8) is a solution. 12. Graph: x − y ≥ 3
Graph x —y = 3, using a solid line. Test (0, 0): 0 ≥ 3 is
4. 6y − x > 2 false.
6(−2) − 5 ?. 2
.
−12 − 5 .
.
.
−17 . FALSE
(5, −2) is not a solution.
6. Graph: y < 3x
Graph y = 3x, using a dashed line. Test (1, 1): 1 < 3 is
true.
14. Graph: 2x + 3y < 6

y < 3x Graph 2x + 3y = 6, using a dashed line. Test (0, 0): 0 < 6
is true.
—2
—3
—4
—5
—2
—3
—4
—5

·
Exercise Set 3.7 97
16. Graph: 2y − x ≤ 4
Graph 2y —x = 4, using a solid line. Test (0, 0): 0 ≤ 4 is
true.
—2
—3
—4
—5
—2
—3
—4 26. From the graph we see that the related equation is x = 1
—5 and the half-plane containing (0, 0) is not in the solution
set. Thus, inequality D corresponds to this graph.
18. Graph: 2x − 2y ≥ 8 + 2y 28. From the graph we see that the related equation is y = 3 and
−
2x − 4y ≥ 8 the half-plane containing (0, 0) is not in the solution set.
Graph 2x —4y = 8, using a solid line. Test (0, 0): 0 ≥ 8 is Thus, inequality E corresponds to this graph.
false.
30. The equation 4y = 8−3x corresponds to the graph of the
related equation. The half-plane containing (0, 0) is not
shaded nor is (0, 0) in the solution set of inequality A, sothis
inequality corresponds to the given graph.
32. Graph: y ≥ x,
y ≤ −x + 4
—2
—3 Graph y = x and y = x+4
− using solid lines. Indicate the
region for each inequality by arrows, and shade the region
—5 where they overlap.
20. Graph: y ≥ −2
Graph y = —2, using a solid line. Test (0, 0): 0 ≥ − 2 is
true.
—2
—3
—4
—5
—2 To find the vertex we solve

—3
—4 y = x,
—5
y = −x + 4.
The vertex is (2, 2).
22. Graph: x ≤ −4
Graph x = —4, using a solid line. Test (0, 0): 0 ≤ − 4 is 34. Graph: y < x,
false.
y > −x + 3
Graph y = x and y = x −
+ 3 using dashed lines. Indicate the
region for each inequality by arrows, and shade the
region where they overlap.
—2
—3
x “ —4 —4
—5
—2
—3
24. Graph: 7x + 2y ≥ 21 —4
Graph 7x + 2y = 21, using a solid line. Test (0, 0): 0 ≥ 21 —5
is false.

·
To find the vertex we solve

y = x,
y = −x + 3.
33
The vertex is , .
2 2
—4
36. Graph: x ≥ −2, —6
—8
y ≤ −2x + 3 —10
Shade the intersection of the graphs of x ≥ −2 and y ≤

−2x + 3. To find the vertices we solve three different systems of
equations.
From (1) and (2) we have x − y = 2,
x + 2y = 8.
Solving, we obtain the vertex (4, 2).
From (1) and (3) we have x − y = 2,
—4
—6 y = 4.
—8
—10
From (2) and (3) we have x + 2y = 8,
To find the vertex we solve y = 4.
x = −2,
y = −2x + 3.
42. Graph: y − x ≥ 1, (1)
The vertex is (−2, 7).
y − x ≤ 3, (2)
38. Graph: x + y ≤ 3,
2 ≤ x ≤ 5 (3)
x−y ≤ 4
Think of (3) as two inequalities:
Shade the intersection of the graphs of x + y ≤ 3 and
2 ≤ x, (4)
x − y ≤ 4.
x ≤ 5 (5)
Graph the lines y — x = 1, y − x = 3, x = 2, and x = 5
using solid lines. Indicate the region for each inequality by
arrows, and shade the region where they overlap.
—2
—3 (r, —q)
—4
—5
To find the vertex we solve —4

—6
x + y = 3, —8
—10
x − y = 4.
7 1
The vertex is ,− . Find the vertices as follows:
2 2
System of equations Vertex
40. Graph: x − y ≤ 2, (1)
From (1) and (4) (2, 3)
x + 2y ≥ 8, (2)
From (1) and (5) (5, 6)
y ≤ 4 (3)
From (2) and (4) (2, 5)
Graph the lines x −y = 2, x + 2y = 8, and y = 4, usingthe
solid lines. Indicate the region for each inequality by From (2) and (5) (5, 8)
arrows, and shade the region where they overlap. 44. 4(3x + 4) = 2 − x
12x + 16 = 2 − x
13x = −14
14
x=−
13
·
Chapter 3 Summary and Review: Study Guide 99
46. 10x − 8(3x − 7) = 2(4x − 1)

Chapter 3 Concept Reinforcement
10x − 24x + 56 = 8x − 2
−14x + 56 = 8x − 2
1. False; see page 245 in the text.
−22x = −58
29 2. True; see page 245 in the text.
x=
11 3. The point (0 ,b
) is the -intercept
y of a linear equation. If both
48. 0.5x − 2.34 + 2.4x = 7.8x − 9 equations contain the point (0, b), then the equations have the
same y-intercept.
2.9x − 2.34 = 7.8x − 9
6.66 = 4.9x 4. The graph of x = 4 is a vertical line and the graph of
6.66 y = 4−is a horizontal line, so the lines have a point of
=x intersection. Thus the system of equations x = 4 and
4.9
666 y = −4 is consistent. The given statement is false.
=x
490
333
=x Chapter 3 Study Guide
245
50. f (−1) = |2 − (−1)| = |3| = 3
1. Graph both lines on the same set of axes.
52. f (2a) = |2 − 2a|, or 2|1 − a|
54. 4H − 3F < 70,
F + H > 160,
2F + 3H > 390
a) Shade the intersection of the graphs of the
three inequalities above. —5 —4 —3 —2 —1
The solution appears to be (4, −1).

Check:
x + 3y = 1 x+y = 3
4 + 3(−1) ?. 1 4 + (−1) ?. 3
4 − 3 .. 3 .
b) The point (80, 80) is not in the shaded region, . TRUE
.
so it is not dangerous to exercise when F = 1 . TRUE
80◦and H = 80%.
Since the system of equations has a solution, it is consis-
Chapter 3 Vocabulary Reinforcement tent. Since there is exactly one solution, the equations are
independent.
2. 2x + y = 2, (1)
1. A solution of a system of two equations in two variables is
an ordered pair that makes both equations true. 3x + 2y = 5 (2)
We will use the substitution method. First solve Equation
2. A consistent system of equations has at least one solution. (1) for y.
3. A solution of a system of three equations in three variables 2x + y = 2
is an ordered triple that makes all three equations true. y = −2x + 2 (3)
4. If, for a system of two equations in two variables, the graphs Now substitute − 2x + 2 for y in Equation (2) and solve for
of the equations are different lines, then the equations are x.
independent. 3x + 2(−2x + 2) = 5
3x − 4x + 4 = 5
5. The graph of an inequality like x > 2y is a half-plane.
−x + 4 = 5
−x = 1
x = −1
Ⓧ
Substitute −1 for x in Equation (3) and find y. 5. x − y + z = 9, (1)

y = −2(−1) + 2 = 2 + 2 = 4 2x + y + 2z = 3, (2)
The solution is (−1, 4). 4x + 2y − 3z = −1 (3)
3. 2x + 3y = 5, (1) We will start by eliminating y from two different pairs of
equations.
3x + 4y = 6 (2)
x−y+ z=9 (1)
We will use the elimination method. Use the multiplication
principle on both equations and then add. 2x + y + 2z = 3 (2)
8x + 12y = 20 Multiplying (1) by 4 3x + 3z = 12 (4)
−9x − 12y = −18 Multiplying (2) by −3 2x − 2y + 2z = 18 Multiplying (1) by 2

−x =2 4x + 2y − 3z = −1 (3)
x = −2 6x − z = 17 (5)
Substitute −2 for x in one of the original equations and Now solve the system of Equations (4) and (5).
solve for y.
3x + 3z = 12 (4)
2(−2) + 3y = 5 Using Equation (1)
18x − 3z = 51 Multiplying (5) by 3
−4 + 3y = 5 21x = 63
3y = 9
x=3
y=3
The solution is (−2, 3). 3 · 3 + 3z = 12 Substituting 3 for x in (4)
9 + 3z = 12
4. Familiarize. We let x and y represent the amounts of the
investments. We will use the simple interest formula,I = 3z = 3
Prt. z=1
Translate. We organize the information in a table. 2· 3 + y + 2 ·1 = 3 Substituting 3 for x
6% 5% and 1 for z in (2)
Total 6+y+2 = 3
loan loan
Principal x y $23,000 8+y = 3
Interest y = −5
6% 5%
rate The solution is (3, −5, 1).
Time 1 yr 1 yr
6. Graph: 3x − 2y > 6
Interest 0.06x 0.05y $1237
We first graph the line 3x 2y =− 6. We draw the line dashed
The “Principal” row of the table gives us one equation: since the inequality symbol is >. To determine which half-
x + y = 23, 000. plane to shade, test a point not on the line. We try (0, 0).
The “Interest” row of the table gives us a second equation: 3x − 2y > 6
0.06x + 0.05y = 1237. 3 · 0 − 2 · 0 ?. 6
After clearing decinmals, we have the following system of .
0 − 0 ..
equations. 0 . FALSE
x + y = 23, 000 (1)
Since 0 > 6 is false, we shade the half-plane that does not
6x + 5y = 123, 700 (2) contain (0, 0).
Solve. We multiply Equation (1) by −5 and then add.
−5x − 5y = −115, 000
6x + 5y = 123, 700
x= 8700
Substitute 8700 for x in Equation (1) and solve for y.
8700 + y = 23, 000
y = 14, 300
Check. $8700 + $14, 300 = $23, 000 and 0.06($8700) +
0.05($14, 300) = $522 + $715 = $1237, so the answer
checks.
State. $8700 was invested at 6%, and $14,300 was invested
at 5%.

Ⓧ
Chapter 3 Summary and Review: Review Exercises 101
7. Graph: x − 2y ≤ 4, (1) 2. Graph both lines on the same set of axes.

x + y ≤ 4, (2)
x − 1 ≥ 0 (3)
Graph the lines x — 2y = 4, x + y = 4, and x − 1 = 0
(or x = 1) using solid lines. Indicate the region for each
inequality by arrows and shade the region where they over-
lap.
The graphs are the same. Any solution of one of the equa-
tions is also a solution of the other. Each equation has an
infinite number of solutions. Thus the system of equations
has an infinite number of solutions.
To find the vertices we solve three different systems of Since the system of equations has a solution, it is consis-
equations. From (1) and (2) we obtai n the v ertex (4, 0). tent. Since there are infinitely many solutions, the equa-
3 tions are dependent.
From (1) and (3) we obtain the vertex 1, − . From (2)
2 3. Graph both lines on the same set of axes.
and (3) we obtain the vertex (1, 3).
Chapter 3 Review Exercises
1. Graph both lines on the same set of axes.
The lines are parallel. There is no solution.

Since the system of equations has no solution, it is in-
consistent. Since there is no solution, the equations are
independent.
4. 2x − 3y = 5, (1)
x = 4y + 5 (2)
The solution (point of intersection) seems to be the point
(−2, 1). Substitute 4y + 5 for x in Equation (1) and solve for y.
Check: 2(4y + 5) − 3y = 5
4x − y = −9 x − y = −3 8y + 10 − 3y = 5
4(−2) − 1 ?. −9 −2 − 1 ?. −3 5y + 10 = 5
.
−8 − 1 .. −3 .. TRUE 5y = −5
−9 . TRUE y = −1
The solution is (−2, 1). Substitute −1 for y in Equation (2) and find x.
Since the system of equations has a solution it is consis- x = 4(−1) + 5 = −4 + 5 = 1
tent. Since there is exactly one solution, the equations are The solution is (1, −1).
independent.

Ⓧ
5. y = x + 2, (1) 3x − 5y = −4 (1)
y − x = 8 (2) 3 · 2 − 5y = −4
Substitute x + 2 for y in the second equation and solve for 6 − 5y = −4
x. −5y = −10
y−x = 8 (2) y=2
x+2−x = 8 Since (2, 2) checks, it is the solution.
2=8 1 2
We get a false equation. There is no solution. 9. x + y = 1,
3 9
6. 7x − 4y = 6, (1) 3 1
x+ y=6
y − 3x = −2 (2) 2 2
First solve the second equation for y. We multiply by 9 on both sides of the first equation and
by 2 on both sides of the second equation to clear the
y − 3x = −2 (2)
fractions.
y = 3x − 2 (3)
3x + 2y = 9, (1)
Now substitute 3x− 2 for y in the first equation and solve
for x. 3x + y = 12 (2)
7x − 4y = 6 (1) Now we multiply both sides of Equation (2) by 1 and
− then
add.
7x − 4(3x − 2) = 6
3x + 2y = 9
7x − 12x + 8 = 6
−3x − y = −12
−5x + 8 = 6
y = −3
−5x = −2
2 Substitute −3 for y in Equation (2) and solve for x.
x=
5 3x + (−3) = 12
2
Next substitute for x in Equation (3) and find y. 3x = 15
5 x=5
2 6 10 4
y =3· −2= − =− The solution is (5, −3).
5 5 5 5
10. 1.5x − 3 = −2y,
2 4
Since ,− checks, it is the solution.

5 5 3x + 4y = 6
7. x + 3y = −3, (1) Now substitute 2 for x in one of the equations and solvefor
y.
2x − 3y = 21 (2)
3x = 18 Adding
x=6
6 + 3y = −3
3y = −9
y = −3
8. 3x − 5y = −4, (1)
5x − 3y = 4 (2)
We multiply Equation (1) by 3 and Equation (2) by −5
and then add.
9x − 15y = −12
−25x + 15y = −20
−16x = −32
x=2

Ⓧ
First we rewrite the first equation in the form Ax + By =
C.
1.5x + 2y = 3, (1)
3x + 4y = 6 (2)
Now multiply Equation (1) by −2 and then add.
−3x − 4y = −6
3x + 4y = 6
0=0
We get an equation that is true for all numbers x and
y.The system has an infinite number of solutions.
11. Familiarize. Let x = the number of less expensive

brushes sold and y = the number of more expensive
brushes sold.
Translate. We organize the information in a table.
Less More
Kind of
expen- expen- Total
brush
sive sive
Number
x y 45
sold
Price $8.50 $9.75
Amount
8.50x 9.75y 398.75
taken in

Ⓧ
The “Number sold” row of the table gives us one equation: −5x − 5y = −50
x + y = 45 15x + 5y = 100
The “Amount taken in” row gives us a second equation: 10x = 50
8.50x + 9.75y = 398.75 x=5
We have a system of equations: Now substitute 5 for x in one of the equations and solve
for y.
x + y = 45,
x + y = 10 (1)
8.50x + 9.75y = 398.75
5 + y = 10
We can multiply the second equation on both sides by 100
to clear the decimals: y=5
x + y = 45, (1) Check. If 5 L of each type of juice are used, then the
850x + 975y = 39, 875 (2) mixture contains 5 + 5, or 10 L. The amount of orange
juice in the mixture is 0.15(5) + 0.05(5), or 0.75 + 0.25, or
Solve. We solve the system of equations using the elim- 1 L. The answer checks.
ination method. Begin by multiplying Equation (1) by
−850. State. 5 L of Orange Thirst and 5 L of Quencho should
be used.
−850x − 850y = −38, 250 Multiplying (1)
850x + 975y = 39, 875 13. Familiarize. We first make a drawing.
125y = 1625
Slow train
y= 13 d miles 44 mph (t + 1) hr
. ✲
Substitute 13 for y in (1) and solve for x.
Fast train
x + 13 = 45 d miles 52 mph t hr
. ✲
x = 32
Check. The number of brushes sold is 32 + 13, or 45.
The amount taken in was $8.50(32) + $9.75(13) = $272 + From the drawing we see that the distances are the same.
$126.75 = $398.75. The answer checks.
d = r · t
State. 32 of the less expensive brushes were sold, and 13
of the more expensive brushes were sold. Distance Rate Time
Slow →d =
d 44 t+1 44(t+1)
12. Familiarize. Let x and y represent the number of liters of train
Orange Thirst and Quencho that should be used, re- Fast → d =52t
d 52 t
spectively. The amount of orange juice in the mixture is train
10%(10 L), or 0.1(10 L), or 1 L. Translate. Using d = rt in each row of the table, we get
Translate. We organize the information in a table. a system of equations:
Orange d = 44(t + 1),
Quencho Mixture
Thirst
Number d = 52t
x y 10
of liters Solve. We solve the system of equations.
Percent 52t = 44(t + 1) Using substitution
15% 5% 10%
of juice
52t = 44t + 44
Liters of
0.15x 0.05y 1
juice 8t = 44
The first row of the table gives us one equation. 11 1
t= , or 5
x + y = 10 2 2
1
The last row yields a second equation. Check. At 52 mph, in 5 hr the fast train will travel
2
0.15x + 0.05y = 1 11 1 1
52 · , or 286 mi. At 44 mph, in 5 + 1, or 6 hr, the
2 2 2
After clearing decimals we have the following system of 13
slow train travels 44 · , or 286 mi. Since the distances
equations. 2
are the same, the answ er checks.
x + y = 10, (1)
1
15x + 5y = 100 (2) State. The second train will travel 5 hr before it over-
2
Solve. We use the elimination method. First we multiply takes the first train.
Equation (1) by −5 and then add.

Ⓧ
14. x + 2y + z = 10, (1) −x + 3 · 3 + 2(−2) = 6 Substituting 3 for y and

2x − y + z = 8, (2) −2 for z in (3)
−x + 9 − 4 = 6
3x + y + 4z = 2 (3)
−x + 5 = 6
We start by eliminating y from two different pairs of equa-
tions. −x = 1
x + 2y + z = 10 (1) x = −1
4x − 2y + 2z = 16 Multiplying (2) by 2 We obtain (−1, 3, −2). This checks, so it is the solution.
5x + 3z = 26 (4) 16. 2x − 5y − 2z = −4, (1)
2x − y + z = 8 (2) 7x + 2y − 5z = −6, (2)
3x + y + 4z = 2 (3)
−2x + 3y + 2z = 4 (3)
5x + 5z = 10 (5) We start by eliminating x from two different pairs of equa-
Now solve the system of Equations (4) and (5). We mul- tions.
tiply Equation (5) by −1 and then add. 14x − 35y − 14z = −28 Multiplying (1) by 7
5x + 3z = 26 (4) −14x − 4y + 10z = 12 Multiplying (2) by −2
−5x − 5z = −10 — 39y − 4z = −16 (4)
— 2z = 16 2x − 5y − 2z = −4 (1)
z = −8 −2x + 3y + 2z = 4 (3)
5x + 3(−8) = 26 Substituting −8 for z in (4) — 2y = 0
5x − 24 = 26 y=0
5x = 50 Substitute 0 for y in Equation (4) and solve for z.
x = 10 −39 · 0 − 4z = −16
3 · 10 + y + 4(−8) = 2 Substituting 10 for x and −4z = −16
z=4
−8 for z in (3)
30 + y − 32 = 2 Now substitute 0 for y and 4 for z in one of the original
equations and solve for x. We use Equation (1).
y−2 = 2
2x − 5 · 0 − 2 · 4 = −4
y=4 2x − 8 = −4
We obtain (10, 4, −8). This checks, so it is the solution. z = −2

15. 3x + 2y + z = 1, (1)
2x − y − 3z = 1, (2)
−x + 3y + 2z = 6 (3)
We start by eliminating x from two different pairs of equa-
tions.
3x + 2y + z = 1 (1)
−3x + 9y + 6z = 18 Multiplying (3) by 3
11y + 7z = 19 (4)
2x − y − 3z = 1 (2)
−2x + 6y + 4z = 12 Multiplying (3) by 2
5y + z = 13 (5)
Now we solve the system of Equations (4) and (5).
11y + 7z = 19 (4)
−35y − 7z = −91 Multiplying (5) by −7
−24y = −72
y=3
5 · 3 + z = 13 Substituting 3 for y in (5)
15 + z = 13

Ⓧ
2x = 4
x=2
We obtain (2, 0, 4). This checks, so it is the solution.
17. x + y + 2z = 1, (1)
x − y + z = 1, (2)
x + 2y + z = 2 (3)
tions.
x + y + 2z = 1 (1)
x−y+ z=1
(2)2x + 3z = 2
(4)
x + 2y + z = 2
3x + 3z = 4 (5)
Now solve the system of Equations (4) and (5).
2x + 3z = 2 (4)
−3x − 3z = −4 Multiplying (5) by −1
x = 2 — −
x=2

Ⓧ
2 · 2 + 3z = 2 Substituting 2 for x in (4) x + y + z = 49.

4 + 3z = 2 The price of the caramel nut crunch popcorn was six times
3z = −2 the price of the plain popcorn and $16 more than the price
2 of the mocha choco latte popcorn, so we have
z=−
3 x = 6y and x = z + 16.
2 =1 Substituting 2 for x and We have a system of equations.

2+y+2 −
3 x + y + z = 49,
2
− for z in (1) x = 6y,
4 3
2+y− =1 x = z + 16
3
2 Solve. Solving the equation we have (30, 5, 14).
y+ =1
3 Check. The total cost was $30 + $5 + $14, or $90. $30 is six
1 times $5 and is $16 more than $14. The answer checks.
y=
3 State. One bag of caramel nut crunch popcorn costs $30,
1 2
We obtain 2, , − . This checks, so it is the solution. one bag of plain popcorn costs $5, and one bag of mocha
3 3 choco latte popcorn costs $14.
18. Familiarize. Let a, b, and c represent the measures of 20. Graph: 2x + 3y < 12
angles A, B, and C, respectively. Recall that the sum of the
measures of the angles of a triangle is 180◦. First graph the line 2x+3y = 12. Draw it dashed since the
inequality symbol is <. Test the point (0, 0) to determine
Translate. if it is a solution.
he sum of˛t¸he measurexs is 180◦. 2x + 3y < 12
2·0+3·0 ?. 12
a+b+c = 180 .
0 . TRUE
The measure the measure
is 4 times Since 0 < 12 is true, we shade the half-plane containing
of angle A of angle C.
` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x (0, 0) and draw the graph.
a = 4 · c
The measure more the measure
of angle B is 45◦ of angle C.
than
` ˛¸ x `˛¸x ` ˛¸ x
b = 45 + c
We have a system of equations.
a + b + c = 180,
a = 4c,
b = 45 + c 21. Graph: y ≤ 0
1 1 First graph the line y = 0 (the x-axis). Draw it solid since

Solve. Solving the system we get 90, 67 , 22 . the inequality symbol is . Test the
2 2 ≤ point (1, 2) to determine
1 1 if it is a solution.
Check. The sum of the measures is 90◦ + 67 ◦

+ 22 ◦
, y≤0
2 2
1◦
or 180◦. Four times the measure of angle C is 4 22 , 2 ? 0 FALSE
2
or 90◦, the measure of angle A; 45◦ more than the measure Since 2 ≤ 0 is false, we shade the half-plane that does not
1 1
of angle C is 22 ◦ + 45◦, or 67 ◦, the measure of angle B. contain (1, 2) and obtain the graph.
2 2
Ⓧ
The answer checks.
1
State. The measures of angles A, B, and C are 90◦, 67 ◦,
1◦ 2
and 22 , respectively.
2
19. Familiarize. Let x, y, and z represent the prices of 1 bag
of caramel nut crunch popcorn, 1 bag of plain popcorn,
and 1 bag of mocha choco latte popcorn, respectively.
Translate. The total cost of 1 bag of each type of popcorn
was $49, so we have

Ⓧ
22. Graph: x + y ≥ 1 25. Graph: x − y ≤ 3, (1)

First graph the line x + y = 1. Draw it solid since the x + y ≥ −1, (2)
inequality symbol is ≥. Test the point (0, 0) to determineif
it is a solution. y≤2 (3)
x+y ≥ 1 We graph the lines x —
y = 3, x + y = 1, and
− y = 2 using solid
lines. We indicate the region for each inequality by
0+0 ?. 1 arrows at the ends of the lines. Note where the regions
.
0 . FALSE overlap, and shade the region of solutions.
Since 0 ≥ 1 is false, we shade the half-plane that does not

contain (0, 0) and obtain the graph.
(—3, 2)
(1, —2)
To find the vertices we solve three different systems of

equations. From (1) and (2) we obtain the vertex (1, −2).
From (1) and (3) we obtain the vertex (5, 2). From (2) and
23. Graph: y ≥ −3, (3) we obtain the vertex (−3, 2).
x≥2
26. Familiarize. Let x and y represent the numbers.
We graph the lines y = 3−and x = 2 using solid lines. We Translate.
indicate the region for each inequality by arrows atthe
ends of the lines. Note where the regions overlap, and shade T̀he sum of˛ţhe numberxs is −2.
the region of solutions. ↓ ↓ ↓
x+y = −2
Twice òne n˛u̧mbexr plus t̀he ˛o¸thexr is 4.
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
2· x + y = 4
(2, —3) x + y = −2, (1)
2x + y = 4 (2)
Solve. We multiply both sides of Equation (1) by −1 and
then add.
To find the vertex we solve the system of related equations:
−x − y = 2
y = −3, 2x + y = 4
x=2 x =6
We see that the vertex is (2, −3).
24. Graph: x + 3y ≥ −1, 6 + y = −2

x + 3y ≤ 4 y = −8
We graph the lines x + 3y = 1 and
− x + 3y = 4 using solid lines. Check. 6 + ( —8) = −2, and 2 · 6 + (−8) = 12 − 8 = 4.
We indicate the region for each inequality by arrows at the The answer checks.
ends of the lines. Note where the regions overlap, and
State. The numbers are 6 and −8.
shade the region of solutions.
Since one number is 6, C is the correct answer.
27. Familiarize. Let t = the time the cars travel, and let d =
the distance the first car travels. Then the distance the
second car travels is 275 −d. We organize the information in
a table.
Distance Rate Time

Ⓧ
First car d 50 t
Second car 275 − d 60 t

Ⓧ
Chapter 3 Test 107
Translate. Using d = rt in each row of the table, we get Since we have only two equations, it is not possible to
a system of equations. eliminate z from another pair of equations. However, in
d = 50t, Equation (4), note that 5 is a factor of both 5y and 100.
Therefore, 5 must also be a factor of 19x, and hence of
275 − d = 60t
x, since 5 is not a factor of 19. Then for some positive integer
Solve. n, x = 5n. (We require n to be positive, since the number
275 − 50t = 60t Using substitution of adults clearly cannot be negative and must also be
275 = 110t nonzero since the exercise states that the audience consists
of adults, senior citizens, and children.) We have:
2.5 = t
19 · 5n + 5y = 100
Check. In 2.5 hr, the first car travels 50(2.5), or 125 mi, and
the second car travels 60(2.5), or 150 mi. Then the cars are 19n + y = 20 Dividing by 5
125 mi + 150 mi, or 275 mi, apart after 2.5 hr. The answer Since n and y must both be positive, n = 1. (If n > 1,
checks. then 19n + y > 20.) Then x = 5 · 1, or 5.
State. The cars will be 275 mi apart after 2.5 hr. A 19 · 5 + 5y = 100 Substituting in (4)
is the correct answer. y=1
28. We graph the equations and find the points of intersection. 5 + 1 + z = 100 Substituting in (1)
z = 94
There were 5 adults, 1 senior citizen, and 94 children in
y = x2 + 2 the audience.
4. No; the symbol ≥ does not always yield a graph in which

the half-plane above the line is shaded. For the inequality
—y ≥ 3, for example, the half-plane below the line y = −3
is shaded.
Chapter 3 Test
The solutions are (0, 2) and (1,3). 1. Graph both lines on the same set of axes.
Chapter 3 Discussion and Writing Exercises
1. Answers may vary. One day a florist sold a total of 23

hanging baskets and flats of petunias. Hanging baskets cost
$10.95 each and flats of petunias cost $12.95 each.The
sales totaled $269.85. How many of each were sold?
2. We know that machines A and B can polish 3400 lenses, so
machine C can polish 5700−3400, or 2300 lenses. Machines
B and C can polish 4200 lenses, so machine B can polish
4200 − 2300, or 1900 lenses. Then machine A can polish The solution (point of intersection) seems to be the point
5700 − 1900 − 2300, or 1500 lenses. (−2, 1).
3. Let x = the number of adults in the audience, y = the Check:
number of senior citizens, and z = the number of chil- y = 3x + 7 3x + 2y = −4

dren. The total attendance is 100, so we have Equation (1),
x + y + z = 100. The amount taken in was $100, so Equa- 1 ?. 3(−2) + 7 3(−2) + 2 · 1 ?. −4
. −6 + 2 ..
tion (2) is 10x + 3y + 0.5z = 100. There is no other in- . −6 + 7
formation that can be translated to an equation. Clearing . 1 TRUE −4 . TRUE
decimals in Equation (2) and then eliminating z gives us The solution is (−2, 1).
Equation (3), 95 + 25y = 500. Dividing by 5 on both sides, Since the system of equations has a solution, it is consis-
we have Equation (4), 19x + 5y = 100. tent. Since there is exactly one solution, the equations are
independent.

Ⓧ
2. Graph both lines on the same set of axes. 5. x = 3y + 2, (1)

2x − 6y = 4 (2)
Substitute 3y + 2 for x in the second equation and solve
for y.
2(3y + 2) − 6y = 4
6y + 4 − 6y = 4
4=4
We have an equation that is true for all values of x and y.
The system of equations has infinitely many solutions.
6. x + 2y = 6, (1)
2x + 3y = 7 (2)
The lines are parallel. There is no solution.
Solve the first equation for x.
Since the system of equations has no solution, it is in- x + 2y = 6
consistent. Since there is no solution, the equations are
independent. x = −2y + 6 (3)
Now substitute −2y + 6 for x in the second equation and
3. Graph both lines on the same set of axes. solve for y.
2(−2y + 6) + 3y = 7
−4y + 12 + 3y = 7
−y + 12 = 7
−y = −5
y=5
Next we substitute 5 for y in Equation 3 and find x.
x = −2 · 5 + 6 = −10 + 6 = −4
The ordered pair ( 4,
−5) checks in both equations. It is
the solution.
7. 2x + 5y = 3, (1)
The graphs are the same. Any solution of one of the equa-
tions is also a solution of the other. Each equation has an −2x + 3y = 5 (2)
infinite number of solutions. Thus the system of equations 8y = 8 Adding
has an infinite number of solutions.
y=1
Since the system of equations has a solution, it is consis- Now substitute 1 for y in one of the equations and solve
tent. Since there are infinitely many solutions,the equa- for x.
tions are dependent.
2x + 5y = 3 Equation (1)
4. 4x + 3y = −1, (1) 2x + 5 · 1 = 3
y = 2x − 7 (2) 2x + 5 = 3
Substitute 2x −7 for y in the first equation and solve for 2x = −2
x.
x = −1
4x + 3(2x − 7) = −1 The ordered pair ( 1,
−1) checks in both equations. It is
4x + 6x − 21 = −1 the solution.
10x − 21 = −1 8. x + y = −2, (1)
10x = 20
4x − 6y = −3 (2)
x=2
Multiply Equation (1) by 6 and then add.
Next we substitute 2 for x in Equation (2) to find y.
6x + 6y = −12
y = 2x − 7 = 2 · 2 − 7 = 4 − 7 = −3
4x − 6y = −3
The ordered pair (2, − 3) checks in both equations. It isthe
solution. 10x = −15
3
x=−
2

Ⓧ
Chapter 3 Test 109
3
Now substitute − for x in one of the original equations the plane traveling against the wind is r − 20. We organize
2 the information in a table.

and solve for y.
x + y = −2 Equatlon (1) Distance Rate Time
3 With wind d r + 20 5
− + y = −2
2
1 Against wind d r − 20 7
y =−
2 Translate. Using d = rt in each row of the table, we get
3 1 a system of equations.
The ordered pair — ,− checks in both equations. It d = (r + 20)5,
2 2
is the solution. d = (r − 20)7, or
2 4
9. x − y = 1, (1) d = 5r + 100,
3 5
1 2 d = 7r − 140
— y=2 (2)
3 5 Solve. We use the substitution method.

We first multiply each equation by 15 to clear the fractions. 5r + 100 = 7r − 140
2 4 100 = 2 140
15 x− y = 15 · 1 → 10x − 12y = 15 (3) r−
13
25 240 = 2r
15 x − y = 15 · 2 → 5x − 6y = 30 (4) 120 = r
3 5
km/h tailwind the plane’s speed is r + 20. The speed of

Now we multiply Equation (4) by −2 and then add.
10x − 12y = 15
−10x + 12y = −60
0 = −45
We get a false equation. The system of equations has no
solution.
10. Familiarize. Let l = the length and w = the width, in feet.
Translate. The width is 42 ft less than the length, so we
have one equation:
w = l − 42.
We use the formula P = 2l + 2w to get a second equation:
288 = 2l + 2w.
w = l − 42, (1)
288 = 2l + 2w (2)
Solve. We use the substitution method.
288 = 2l + 2(l − 42)
288 = 2l + 2l − 84
288 = 4l − 84
372 = 4l
93 = l
Substitute 93 for l in Equation (1) and find w.
w = 93 − 42 = 51
Check. The length, 93 ft, is 42 ft more than the width,
51 ft. Also, 2 · 93 + 2 · 51 = 288 ft. The answer checks.
State. The length is 93 ft, and the width is 51 ft.
11. Familiarize. Let d = the distance traveled and r = the
speed of the plane in still air, in km/h. Then with a 20-
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright Ⓧ
Check. If r = 120, then r + 20 = 120 + 20 = 140, and
the distance traveled in 5 hr is 140 5, or 700 km. Also, ·
r 20 = 120 20 = 100, and the distance traveled in 7 hr — −
is 100 7, or 700 km. The distances are the same, so the ·
answer checks.
State. The speed of the plane in still air is 120 km/h.
12. Familiarize. Let b = the number of buckets of wings

and d = the number of chicken dinners sold. We
organize theinformation in a table.
Buckets Dinners Total
Number
b d 28
sold
Price $12 $7
Amount
12b 7d 281
collected
Translate. The first and last rows of the table give us
twoequations.
b + d = 28, (1)
12b + 7d = 281 (2)
Solve. We use the elimination method.
−7b − 7d = −196 Multiplying (1) by −7
12b + 7d = 281
5b = 85
b= 17
Substitute 17 for b in Equation (1) and solve for d.
17 + d = 28
d = 11
Check. The number of orders filled was 17 + 11, or 28.
The amount taken in was $12 17 + $7 11, or $281. The · ·
answer checks.
State. 17 buckets of wings and 11 chicken dinners were
sold.

Ⓧ
13. Familiarize. Let x = the number of liters of 20% solution 27x − 18z = 72 Multiplying (4) by 3
and y = the number of liters of 45% solution to be used.
−44x + 18z = −106 Multiplying (5) by −2
—17x = −34
20% 45% x= 2
Mixture
solution solution
Number 9 · 2 − 6z = 24 Substituting 2 for x in (4)
of x y 20 18 − 6z = 24
liters
Percent −6z = 6
20% 45% 30%
of salt z = −1
Amount 0.3(20),
0.2x 0.45y 6 · 2 + 2y − 4(−1) = 15 Substituting 2 for x
of salt or 6 and −1 for z in (1)
Translate. We get one equation from the first row of the 12 + 2y + 4 = 15

table.
16 + 2y = 15
x + y = 20
2y = −1
The last row of the table yields a second equation. 1
y =−
0.2x + 0.45y = 6 2
After clearing decimals, we have the following system of 1

We obtain 2, − , −1 . This checks, so it is the solution.
equations. 2
x + y = 20, (1) 15. Familiarize. Let x, y, and z represent the number ofhours
20x + 45y = 600 (2) worked by the electrician, the carpenter, and the
Solve. We use the elimination method. plumber, respectively. In x hours the carpenter earns 21x;
in y hours the carpenter earns 19.50y; and in z hours the
−20x − 20y = −400 Multiplying (1) by −20 plumber earns 24z.
20x + 45y = 600
Translate.
25y = 200 T̀otal tim
˛ȩ workedx is 2̀1.˛5¸hrx.
y=8
Substitute 8 for y in Equation (1) and solve for x. x+y +z = 21.5
x + 8 = 20 T̀otal amo˛u̧nt earnedx is $469.50.
x = 12
Check. 12 L + 8 L = 20 L. The amount of salt in the 21x + 19.50y + 24z = 469.50
mixture is 0.2(12) +0.45(8) = 2.4+3.6, or 6 L. The answer P̀lumbe˛r¸’s hourxs are 2 m̀ore˛¸thanx carpenter’s hours.
checks. ` ˛¸ x
State. 12 L of 20% solution and 8 L of 45% solution should 22x − 9z = 53 (5)

be used.
14. 6x + 2y − 4z = 15, (1)

−3x − 4y + 2z = −6, (2)
4x − 6y + 3z = 8 (3)
tions.
−3x − 4y + 2z = −6 (2)
9x − 6z = 24 (4)
4x − 6y + 3z = 8 (3)
22x − 9z = 53 (5)
Now solve the system of Equations (4) and (5).
9x − 6z = 24 (4)

Ⓧ
z = 2 + y
x + y + z = 21.5,
21x + 19.50y + 24z = 469.50,
z =2+y
Solve. Solving the system, we get (3.5, 8, 10).
Check. The total time worked was 3.5 +8 +10, or 21.5 hr.
The amount earned was $21(3.5) + $19.50(8) + $24(10),
or
$469.50. The time worked by the plumber, 10 hr, is 2 more
than the time worked by the carpenter, 8 hr. The answer
checks.
State. The electrician worked 3.5 hr.
16. Graph: y ≥ x − 2
We first graph the line y = x 2. We draw a solid line −
because the inequality symbol is . Test the point (0, 0) ≥
to determine if it is a solution.
y ≥ x−2
0 ?. 0 − 2
.
. −2 TRUE

Ⓧ
Chapter 3 Test 111
Since 0 ≥ − 2 is true, we shade the half-plane that contains Shade the intersection of the graphs of the four inequalities
(0, 0). above.
y x—2
(—2, 0)
To find the two vertices we solve two systems of equations,

17. Graph: x − 6y < −6
as follows:
We first graph the line x−6y = 6. We draw the line dashed System of equations Vertex
since the inequality symbol is <. Test the point (0, 0) to 1 9

determine if it is a solution. From (1) and (2) — ,−
2 4
x − 6y < −6
From (2) and (3) (−2, 0)
0−6·0 ?. −6
.. 20. Familiarize. Let x, y, and z represent the amounts in-
0 FALSE
vested at 2%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. The amounts
Since 0 < −6 is false, we shade the half-plane that does earned by the funds are 0.02x, 0.03y, and 0.05z.
not contain (0, 0).
Translate.
Àmount˛¸investedx was $30, 000.
↓ ↓ ↓
x+y+z = 30, 000
Total earnings were $990.
` ˛¸ x
↓ ↓ ↓
0.02x + 0.03y + 0.05z = 990
Earnings more earnings
at 5% were $280 at 2%.
than
` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x
18. Graph: x + y ≥ 3, 2y + 3x ≤ −6, (2)
x−y ≥ 5 y ≤ 0, (3)
Graph the lines x + y = 3 and x−y = 5 using solid lines. x≤0 (4)
Indicate the region for each inequality by arrows and shade
the region where they overlap.
(4, —1)

x + y = 3,
x−y =5
Solving, we obtain the vertex (4, −1).
19. Graph: 2y − x ≥ −4, (1)

Ⓧ
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
0.05z = 280 + 0.02x
x + y + z = 30, 000,
0.02x + 0.03y + 0.05z = 990,
0.05z = 280 + 0.02x
Solve. Solving the system, we get (11, 000, 9000, 10, 000).
Check. The total amount invested was $11, 000 +$9000 +
$10, 000, or $30,000. The amounts earned at 2%, 3%, and
5% are 0.02($11, 000), 0.03($9000), and 0.05($10, 000),
or
$220, $270, and $500, respectively. Thus the total
earningswere $220 + $270 + $500, or $990. The amount
earned at 5%, $500, is $280 more than $220, the amount
earned at 2%. The answer checks.
State. $10,000 was invested at
5%.Answer B is correct.
21. Substituting −1 for x and 3 for f (x), we
have3 = m(−1) + b, or 3 = −m + b.
Substituting −2 for x and −4 for f (x), we have
−4 = m(−2) + b, or −4 = −2m + b.

Ⓧ
Then we have a system of equations: 6. −12 ≤ −3x + 1 < 0

3 = −m + b, (1) −13 ≤ −3x < −1
−4 = −2m + b (2) 13 1
≥ x> Dividing by −3 and reversing
We solve the system of equations. 3 3

the
. inequality symbol
−3 = m − b Multiplying (1) by −1
.1 13 1 13
−4 = −2m + b (2) The solution set is .
x. < x ≤ , or , .
3 3 3 3
—7 = −m 7.
7= m 2x − 10 ≤ −4 or x − 4 ≥ 3
2x ≤ 6 or x≥7
Substitute 7 for m in (1) and solve for b.
x≤3 or x≥7
3 = −7 + b
10 = b The solution set is {x|x ≤ 3 or x ≥ 7}, or (−∞, 3] ∪[7, ∞).
Thus, we have m = 7 and b = 10. 8. |x + 1| = 4
x + 1 = −4 or x + 1 = 4
x = −5 or x=3
Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 3
The solution set is {−5, 3}.
9. |8y − 3 |≥ 15
1. 6y − 5(3y − 4) = 10 8y − 3 ≤ −15 or 8y − 3 ≥ 15
6y − 15y + 20 = 10 8y ≤ −12 or 8y ≥ 18
−9y + 20 = 10 y ≤ −3 or y≥ 9
2 4
−9y = −10 .
10
y = . 3 9
9 The solution set is y.y ≤ − or y ≥ , or
10 . 2 4
The solution is .
3 9
9 − ∞, − ∪ ,∞ .
2 4
2. −3 + 5x = 2x + 15
10. |2x + 1| = |x − 4|
−3 + 3x = 15
2x + 1 = −(x − 4) or 2x + 1 = x − 4
3x = 18
2x + 1 = −x + 4 or x + 1 = −4
x = 6
3x + 1 = 4 or x = −5
The solution is 6.
3x = 3 or x = −5
3. A = πr2h x=1 or x = −5
A The solutions set is {1, −5}.
=h
πr2
11. | − 18 − (−7)| = | − 18 + 7| = | − 11| = 11
1
4. L= m(k + p)
3 12. 3y = 9
3L = m(k + p) y=3
3L This is the equation of a horizontal line with y-intercept
=k+p
m (0, 3).
3L
− k = p, or
m
3L − km
=p
m
5. 5x + 8 > 2x + 5
3x + 8 > 5
3x > −3
x > −1
The solution set is {x|x > −1}, or (−1, ∞).

Ⓧ
Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 3 113
1 16. y > 3x − 4
13. f (x) = − x − 3
2 First graph the line y = 3x−4. We draw the line dashed
Find some function values. Then plot points and connect
because the inequality symbol is >. To determine which
them.
1 half-plane to shade, test a point not on the line. We try (0,
f (−4) = − (−4) − 3 = 2 − 3 = −1 0).
2
1 y > 3x − 4
f (0) = − · 0 − 3 = 0 − 3 = −3
2 0 ?.. 3 · 0 − 4
f (2) = 1 2 − 3 = −1 − 3 = −4 0−4
− · .
2 .
.
. −4 TRUE
Since 0 > −4 is true, we shade the half-plane that contains
(0, 0).
14. 3x − 1 = y
Find some ordered pairs that are solutions, plot these
points, and draw the graph.
When x = −1, y = 3(−1) − 1 = −3 − 1 = −4. 17. 2x − y ≤ 6
When x = 0, y = 3 · 0 − 1 = 0 − 1 = −1. First graph the line 2x y =−6. We draw the line solid because
the inequality symbol is . To determine
≤ which half-plane to
When x = 2, y = 3 · 2 − 1 = 6 − 1 = 5.
shade, test a point not on the line. We try(0, 0).
2x − y ≤ 6
2 · 0 − 0 ?. 6
.
0 − 0 ..
0 . TRUE
Since 0 ≤ 6 is true, we shade the half-plane that contains
(0, 0).
15. 3x + 5y = 15
Find and plot the intercepts and then draw the graph.
y-intercept: 3 · 0 + 5y = 15
5y = 15
y=3
The y-intercept is (0, 3).
2x — y “ 6
x-intercept: 3x + 5 · 0 = 15
3x = 15
x=5 18. Graph both equations on the same set of axes.
The x-intercept is (5, 0). y
5
4
3
2x – y = 7
x + 3y = 0 2
1
3x + 5y = 15 —5 —4 —3 —2 —1 1 2 3 4 5 x
—2
—3
—4
—5

Ⓧ
The solution appears to be (3, −1). 22. x − y + z = 1, (1)

Check: 2x + y + z = 3, (2)
2x − y = 7 x + 3y = 0 x + y − 2z = 4 (3)
2 · 3 − (−1) ?. 7 3 + 3(−1) ?. 0 We start by eliminating y from two different pairs of equa-
. . tions.
6+1 . 3 − 3 ...
7 .. TRUE 0 TRUE x − y + z = 1 (1)
.
2x + y + z = 3 (2)
3x + 2z = 4 (4)
Since the system of equations has a solution, it is consis-
tent. Since there is exactly one solution, the equations are x − y + z = 1 (1)
independent.
x + y − 2z = 4 (3)
19. 3x + 4y = 4, (1) 2x − z = 5 (5)
x = 2y + 2 (2) Now solve the system of equations (4) and (5).
Substitute 2y + 2 for x in Equation (1) and solve for y. 3x + 2z = 4 (4)
3(2y + 2) + 4y = 4 4x − 2z = 10 Multiplying (5) by 2
6y + 6 + 4y = 4 7x = 14
10y + 6 = 4 x=2
10y = −2 2·2−z = 5 Substituting 2 for x in (5)
1
y =− 4−z = 5
5
1
Substitute − for y in Equation (2) and find x. −z = 1
5 z = −1
1 2 10 8
=
x=2 − +2=− + 5 5 2 · 2 + y + (−1) = 3 Substituting 2 for x and
5 5
−1 for z in (2)
8 1 4+ y−1 = 3
5 5
y+3 = 3
20. 3x + y = 2, (1) 3(−1) + 2y = 3

6x − y = 7 (2)
−3 + 2y = 3
9x =9 Adding 2y = 6
x=1 y=3
Substitute 1 for x in Equation (1) and solve for y. The solution is (−1, 3).
3·1+y = 2
3+y = 2
y = −1
21. 4x + 3y = 5, (1)
3x + 2y = 3 (2)
We use the multiplication principle with both equations
and then add.
8x + 6y = 10 Multiplying (1) by 2
−9x − 6y = −9 Multiplying (2) by −3
−x =1
x = −1
Substitute −1 for x in Equation (2) and solve for y.

Ⓧ
y=0
23. Graph: x + y ≤ −3,
x−y ≤ 1
Graph the lines x + y = 3 and x y = 1 using solid lines. — −
We indicate the region for each inequality by arrows and
shade the region where they overlap.

x + y = −3,
x−y = 1
Solving, we obtain the vertex (−1, −2).

Ⓧ
24. Graph: 4y − 3x ≥ −12, (1) 29. y = mx + b

4y + 3x ≥ −36, (2) 2 = −3 · 5 + b Substituting
y ≤ 0, (3) 2 = −15 + b
17 = b
x≤0 (4)
Shade the intersection of the graphs of the four inequali- We have y = −3x + 17.
ties. 30. First we find the slope of the line
5 − (−3) 5+3 8
m= = = = −4
−3 − (−1) −3 + 1 −2
(—12, 0) Now we use the point-slope equation.

—4 y − (−3) = −4[x − (−1)]
y + 3 = −4(x + 1)
—6
y + 3 = −4x − 4
y = −4x − 7
To find the vertices we solve four systems of inequalities. 31. First we write each equation in slope-intercept form.
From (1) and (2) we obtain the vertex (−4, −6). From (1) x − 2y = 4 4x + 2y = 1
and (4) we obtain the vertex (0, −3). From (2) and (3) we −2y = −x + 4 2y = −4x + 1
obtain the vertex (−12, 0). From (3) and (4) we obtain the
vertex (0, 0). y = 1x − 2 y = −2x + 1
2 2
25. a) The domain is the set of all x-values in the graph, 1
The slopes, and −2, are different, so the lines are not
{−5, −3, −1, 1, 3}. 2
1
b) The range is the set of all y-values in the graph, parallel. The product of the slopes is (−2), or −1, so the
2
{−3, −2, 1, 4, 5}. lines are perpendicular.
c) The y-value that corresponds to x = −3 is −2, so 32. First we find the slope of the given line.
f (−3) = −2. 3x − 9y = 2
d) The function value −5 corresponds to the input 3. −9y = −3x + 2
7
26. f (x) = y = 1x − 2
2x − 1 7 3 9 1
We cannot calculate when the denominator is 0.
2x − 1 The slope of the given line is . A line parallel to this line

1 3
We find the value of x for which 2x − 1 = 0. will also have slope . We use the point-slope equation.
3
2x − 1 = 0 1
2x = 1 y − 2 = [x − (−6)]
3
1 1
x= y − 2 = (x + 6)
2 . 31
. 1
The domain is x..x is a real number and x /

= or y−2 = x+2
2 3
— ∞, 1 ∪ 1 , ∞ . 1
2 2 y = x+4
3
33. Familiarize. Let l = the length of one piece of wire, in
27. g(x) = 1 − 2x2 2
2
meters. Then l = the length of the other piece.
g(−1) = 1 − 2(−1) = 1 − 2 · 1 = 1 − 2 = −1 3
4
g(0) = 1 − 2 · 02 = 1 − 2 · 0 = 1 − 0 = 1 The slope is , and the y-intercept is (0, 4).
5
g(3) = 1 − 2 · 3 = 1 − 2 · 9 = 1 − 18 = −17
2
28. 5y − 4x = 20
5y = 4x + 20
4
y = x+4
5
The equation is now in slope-intercept form, y = mx + b.

Ⓧ
Translate. The total length of the wire is 10 m, so we
have
2
l + l = 10.
3
Solve. We solve the equation.
2
l + l = 10
3
5
l = 10
3
3
l = · 10 = 6
5

Ⓧ
2 2
If l = 6, then l = · 6 = 4. 15% 25%
3 3 Mixture
solution solution
2 Number
Check. 6 m + 4 m = 10 m, and 4 m is of 6 m. The
3 of x y 30
answer checks. liters
State. The wire should be cut so that one piece is 6 m and Percent
15% 25% 18%
the other is 4 m. of alcohol
Amount
34. Familiarize. Let s = the score on the last test. 0.15x 0.25y 5.4 L
of alcohol
Translate. The sum of the four scores must be at least 360 We get one equation from the “Number of liters” row of
so we have the table.
87 + 94 + 91 + s ≥ 360.
x + y = 30
Solve. We solve the equation
The last row of the table yields a second equation.
87 + 94 + 91 + s ≥ 360
0.15x + 0.25y = 5.4
272 + s ≥ 360
s ≥ 88 equations.
Check. If the last score is 88, then the total of the four scores
x+ y = 30, (1)
is 97 + 94 + 91 + 88, or 360. A score of 88 or higher will yield
a total score of 360 or more. The answer checks. 15x + 25y = 540 (2)
State. A score of 88 or higher will give Adam an A. In Solve. We begin by multiplying both sides of Equation
terms of an inequality, we have {s|s ≥ 88}. (1) by −15 and then adding.
35. Familiarize. Let x = the number of scientific calcula- −15x − 15y = −450
tors ordered and y = the number of graphing calculators. 15x + 25y = 540
Then the scientific calculators cost 9x, and the graphing 10y = 90
calculators cost 78y. y=9
otal number of calculators is 45.
˛¸ x Substitute 9 for y in Equation (1) and solve for x.
x+y = 45 x + 9 = 30
otal cost of order is $2268. x = 21
˛¸ x Check. The mixture contains 21 L + 9 L, or 30 L. The
amount of alcohol in the mixture is 0.15(21) + 0.25(9), or
9x + 78y = 2268
3.15 L + 2.25, or 5.4 L. The answer checks.
State. 21 L of 15% solution and 9 L of 25% solution should
x+ y = 45, (1) be used.
9x + 78y = 2268 (2)
37. Familiarize. Let t = the time, in hours, the first train
Solve. We begin by multiplying both sides of Equation (1) travels. Then t−3 = the time the second train travels. The
by −9 and then adding.
trains will travel the same distance, d km. We organize the
—9x − 9y = −405 information in a table.
9x + 78y = 2268
Distance Rate Time
69y = 1863
y = 27 First train d 80 t
Substitute 27 for y in Equation (1) and solve for x. Second train d 120 t−3
x + 27 = 45 Translate. Using d = rt in each row of the table, we have
x = 18 a system of equations.
Check. The total number of calculators is 18 + 27, or d = 80t, (1)
45. The total cost of the order is $9 · 18 + $78 · 27, or d = 120(t − 3) (2)
$162 + $2106, or $2268. The answer checks. Solve. Substitute 80t for d in Equation (2) and solve for
State. 18 scientific calculators and 27 graphing calculators t.
were ordered. 80t = 120(t − 3)
36. Familiarize. Let x = the number of liters of 15% solution 80t = 120t − 360
and y = the number of liters of 25% solution to be used. −40t = −360
The mixture contains 18%(30 L), or 0.18(30 L), or 5.4 L t=9
of alcohol.
In 9 hr, the first train travels 80 · 9, or 720 km.
Translate. We organize the information in a table.

Ⓧ
Check. We have seen that the first train will travel 40. We have the points (5 − 3) and (−4, 2).
720 km. In 9 − 3 or 6 hr, the second train will travel −3 − 2 −5 5
m= = =−
120 · 6, or 720 km. The distances are the same, so the 5 − (−4) 9 9
answer checks.
We use the slope-intercept equation to find b.
State. The second train will overtake the first train 5
720 km from the station. −3 = − · 5 + b
9
25
38. Familiarize. Let x, y, and z represent the amounts spent −3 = − + b
for electricity, rent, and telephone, respectively. 9
27 25
Translate. − + =b
9 9
Total amount spent was $680.
` ˛¸ x `˛¸x 2
− =b
9
x+y+z = 680
Èlect˛ri̧c bilxl was one-fourth of t̀he ˛r¸entx.
1
x = · y
4
Rent was $400 m̀ore˛¸thanx the phone bill.
` ˛¸ x
y = 400 + z
x + y + z = 680,
1
x = y,
4
y = 400 + z
Solve. Solving the system of equations, we get
(120, 480, 80).
Check. The total amount spent was $120 + $480 + $80,
or $680. The electric bill, $120, is one-fourth of the rent,
$480. The rent was $400 more than the phone bill, $80.
The answer checks.
State. The electric bill was $120.
39. We find a function that relates the amount spent on radio
advertising to weekly sales increase. We have the data
points (1000, 101, 000) and (1250, 126, 000).
126, 000 − 101, 000 25, 000
m= = = 100
1250 − 1000 250
Now we can use the slope-intercept equation.

101, 000 = 100(1000) + b
101, 000 = 100, 000 + b
1000 = b
Then we have the function
S(a) = 100a + 1000
Now we find S(1500).
S(1500) = 100 · 1500 + 1000 = 150, 000 + 1000 = 151, 000
Sales would increase about $151,000 when $1500 is spent
on radio advertising.

Ⓧ

Intermediate Algebra 12th Edition Bittinger Solutions Manual 1

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Solution Manual for Intermediate Algebra 12th edition by Bittinger

Beecher and Johnson 0321924711 9780321924711

Exercise Set 3.1 5

RC2. True; see page 243 in the text. 3

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Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

6. m − 2n = 3, (1) Substitute 2p − 8 for q in Equation (2) and solve for p.

Solve the ﬁrst equation for q. 25 11

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Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Substitute 6x + 13 for y in Equation (1) and solve for x. 5x + 2y = a

x= The solution is (3, −4).

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−6 + 3y = −9 14. 5x + 3y = 25, (1)

10. 3x − 2y = 1, (1) 18. 10x + y = 306, (1)

−6x + 4y = −2 (2) 10y + x = 90 (2)

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Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Substitute −21 for x in (1). 49x − 21y = 35 Multiplying (1) by 7

4x + 170y = 890 (4)

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36. Let x = the number of two-point shots made and y =

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40. f (−1) = 3(−1)2 − (−1) + 1 = 3 + 1 + 1 = 5

cal, so each sold for $1872/75, or $24.96. Solve:

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Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

invested at 6%. Solve: w 29

0.25x + y = 10.75 32. {2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

24. Let r = the speed of the boat in still water. 6 − d = 4(1 − t)

26. Let w = the speed of the headwind. Note that 4 hr 50

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y = 5−6 The solution appears to be (0, 3).

10. Graph the lines on the same set of axes.

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11. x = y + 2, (1) 15. 2x + y = 2, (1)

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19. x − 2y = 5, (1) Substitute 8 for y in Equation (2) and solve for x.

First we multiply by 2 on both sides of Equation (2) and

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0.02x + 0.03y = 129

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Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

11x + 15z = 41 (5) 2x + y − 3z = −4 (1)

−15x − 15z = −45 Multiplying (4) by −3 12x − 6y + 3z = 27 Multiplying (2) by 3

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14x − 5y = 23 (4) 2(−2) + y + 2 · 4 = 3 Substituting in (1)

−2x − 8y − 6z = 0 Multiplying (3) by −2 −7r − 28t = −112 Multiplying (5) by −7

— 7y − 4z = 11 (4) — 31t = −93

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20. 10x + 6y + z = 7, (1) 24. 4a + 9b = 8, (1)

1 −20a + 5c = −55 Multiplying (4) by −5

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Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

2F a medium order of fries, and a vanilla milkshake, respec-

5 5 B, and C are 25◦, 50◦, and 105◦, respectively.

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Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.