Name Lyba Saleem

Reg No 149-FSS/BSPST/S20
Presentation Topice:
Diplomacy and history of india and pakistan relation
Pakistan and India are two immediate neighbors having common history and culture; in this way,
they should have the warmest ties, but their relationships have remained hostile all the
time.Pakistan has always been pleased to suggest mitigating measures, but India’s response is
generally not so good.Kashmir Problem has been central to the dispute between pakistan and
indian.
There are main issuse between Pakistan and Indian
 Kashmir issuse
 Water dispute
 Control line issuse
 1947,1965,1971,War
 Terrorism
In order to solve some issuse to resolve some agreement has been signed.
First War:
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, or the First Kashmir War,was an armed conflict that was
fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to
1948. It was the first of four Indo-Pakistani wars that was fought between the two newly
independent nations.
Indus Water Trearty Agreement
Since independence the water dispute emerged as major dispute between the two nations about
rivers Ravi, Sutlej, Chenab, Beas,Jehlum and Sindh.So after the cooperation of World Bank, In
1960, Indus Treaty was signed to resolve the conflict.Pak get Chenab,Indus and Jehlum and
India got Ravi, Sutlej and Beas according to the treaty.
Second War:
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 or the Second Kashmir War was a culmination of skirmishes
that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India.
Rann Of Kutch Agreement
The Rann of Kutch was first known to the world when a dispute over the boundary arose
between Pakistan and India which led to serious skirmish between the two neighbours
consequently, on British intervention, a ceasefire was declared and an agreement was singed on
June 30, 1965.
Tashkent Declaration Agreement
The Tashkent Declaration was a peace agreement between Indian and Pakistan signed on 10
January 1966 that resolved the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Peace had been achieved on 23
September by the intervention of the external powers that pushed the two nations to cease fire,
afraid the conflict could escalate and draw.
Third War:
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that
occurred during the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to the
fall of Dacca (Dhaka) on 16 December 1971.
Line Of control Agreement
The Line of Control (LoC) is a military control line between the Indian and Pakistani controlled
parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir a line which does not constitute a
legally recognized international boundary, but serves as the de facto border. It was established as
part of the Simla Agreement at the end of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Both nations agreed to
rename the ceasefire line as the "Line of Control" and pledged to respect it without prejudice to
their respective positions. Apart from minor details, the line is roughly the same as the original
1949 cease-fire line.
Simla Agreement
The Simla Agreement, also spelled Shimla Agreement, was a peace treaty signed between India
and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Shimla, the capital city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.It
followed the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which began after India intervened in East Pakistan as
an ally of Bengali rebels who were fighting against Pakistani state forces in the Bangladesh
Liberation War.The Indian intervention proved decisive in the war and led to East Pakistan's
breakaway from its union with West Pakistan and the emergence of the independent state of
Bangladesh.

Non-Nuclear Aggression Agreement

The Non-nuclear aggression agreement is a bilateral and nuclear weapons control treaty between
the two South Asian states, India and Pakistan, on the reduction (or limitation) of nuclear arms
and pledged not to attack or assist foreign powers to attack on each's nuclear installations and
facilities.The agreement, which was signed on December 31, 1988, and entered into force on
January 27, 1991, says that the two countries will inform each other of nuclear installations and
facilities to be covered under the agreement on January 1 of every calendar year.
Kargil War:
After the independence, India had left no stone unturned to bring harm to the sovereignty of
Pakistan. Moreover their actions of the 1965 war claimed their aggression towards Pakistani
community. Moreover it is still pressurizing the army of Pakistan. Another incident when Pak
become nuclear superpower in 1999 the Kargil war broke out. But some analysts claim that they
have been the victim of releasing of tensions from the both sides. But both were solved by the
International communities. 1998The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict,was an armed
conflict fought between India and Pakistan from May to July 1999 in the kargil district of jammu
and kashmir and else where along the line of control(LOC).
REFERANCES
 Ali, N. (2011). “General Musharraf’s four-point formula can provide an effective
roadmap in Kashmir”. An Interview with Prof Abdul Ghani Bhat.Institute of Peace and
Conflict Studies.http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/SR99-BhatInterview.pdf
 Oimstead, J. (November 2, 2014). “India-Pakistan Relations: A Destructive Equilibrium”.
The Diplomat. Raghavan, P. (2013). The Finality of Partition: Bilateral Relations
between India and Pakistan, 1947-1957 (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cambridge
 Javaid, J. (2012). Peace building in South Asia: Limitations and Prospectus. Lahore,
University of the Punjab
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Pakistani_history_(1947%E2%80%93present)
 https://beta.dawn.com/news/870991/the-mysterious-rann-of-kutch
 Hussain, J. (2006). Kargil: what migssht have happened? Dawns