Introduction To Psychology Gateways To Mind and Behavior With Concept Maps and Reviews 13th Edition Coon Test Bank 1

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Gateways to Mind and Behavior with Concept Maps and

Reviews 13th Edition Coon Mitterer 111183363X
9781111833633
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Chapter 4a—Sensation and Perception
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Regarding sensation and perception, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. We are constantly surrounded by electromagnetic radiation, heat, pressure, vibrations,
molecules, and mechanical forces.
b. The senses are enough to give people a completely accurate “picture” of reality.
c. During the process of perception, our brain assembles sensations into a meaningful
“picture”of events.
d. Unless your senses translate information into a form your brain can understand, you will
experience only a void of silence and darkness.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
REF: The Trees Have Eyes / Sensory Processes-The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1
KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question)
2. The primary function of the senses is to act as devices that convert one kind of energy into another,
which are referred to as
a. visual adapters.
b. biological assimilators.
c. phosphenes.
d. biological transducers.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
REF: Sensory Processes-The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Concept
MSC: * (New Question)
3. Sense receptors are biological transducers, which means that they

a. select from a broad range of stimulation.
b. analyze the environment into important features.
c. convert one form of energy to another.
d. detect only a limited range of energies.
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ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
4. The sensory receptors of your eyes are able to convert light energy into neural energy, which can then
be utilized by the brain. thus, the sensory receptors in your eyes act as
a. visual adapters.
b. biological assimilators.
c. phosphenes.
d. biological transducers.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
5. The process of detecting physical energies with the sensory organs is called
a. sensation.
b. perception.
c. adaptation.
d. cognition.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
REF: Sensory Processes-The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Fact
6. The process by which the brain organizes sensations into meaningful patterns is known as
a. reception.
b. adaptation.
c. perception.
d. cognition.
7. In order to take your psychology quiz, you must read and process the information. The initial step of
your eyes detecting the black marks on the page depends on the process of
a. perception.
b. sensation.
c. sensory adaptation.
d. sensory accommodation.
REF: Sensory Processes-The First Step OBJ: 4.1.1 KEY: Application
8. In order to take your psychology quiz, you must read and process the information. The ability to
organize the black marks on the paper into meaningful patterns involves the process of
a. perception.
b. sensation.
d. sensory accommodation.
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9. When listening to your professor’s lecture, hearing the various sounds of the professor’s words would
involve the process of
a. perception.
b. sensation.
c. assimilation.
d. accommodation.
10. When listening to your professor’s lecture, interpreting the meaning of the professor’s words is an
example of
a. perception.
b. sensation.
c. assimilation.
d. accommodation.
11. Our sensory systems act as data reduction systems. This means that they
a. can change one form of energy to another.
b. transmit information to the brain in the form of codes.
c. select and analyze information and send only the most important data to the brain.
d. are only sensitive to a small range of sensations that will require additional interpretation
by the brain.
12. Because our senses select, analyze, and filter information until only the most important information
remains, our senses are considered __________ systems.
a. convergent
b. data reduction
c. somesthetic
d. replicating
13. Regarding the sensory abilities of humans, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Our sensory receptors do not transduce all of the energies they encounter.
b. Many types of stimuli cannot be sensed directly because we lack sensory receptors to
tranduce the energy.
c. Some sense receptors transduce only part of their target energy range.
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d. Because our sense organs are able to convert one kind of energy into another, they are
known as feature detectors.
14. The science of measuring changes in physical stimuli and relating them to changes in psychological
sensations is called
a. physiological psychology.
b. neurological psychology.
c. psychophysics.
d. sensory deprivation.
15. Dr. Azure measures sound waves and electromagnetic radiation and relates them to the sensations
people experience as loudness and brightness, respectively. Dr. Azure is conducting research in the
area of
a. physiological psychology.
b. neurological psychology.
c. psychophysics.
d. sensory deprivation.
16. Regarding the sensation of various species, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The eyes of honeybees transduce parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that are invisible
to humans.
b. Bats’ ears transduce sound waves that humans cannot hear.
c. Research has shown that the human eye transduces all of the electromagnetic spectrum to
the brain, but the brain is unable to perceive it.
d. Sharks have special organs that can sense the bioelectric fields of other living things.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
17. Your eyes transduce only a tiny fraction of the entire range of electromagnetic energies, which we call
the
a. perceptual limit.
b. visible spectrum.
c. biological transduction range.
d. spectral analysis limitation.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
18. Which of the following animals have special organs that can sense the bioelectric fields of other living
creatures?
a. owls
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b. honey bees
c. bats
d. sharks
19. The ears of bats can transduce and hear sound waves that humans cannot. This allows them to fly in
complete darkness by using
a. feature detectors.
b. depth cues.
c. hyperopia.
d. echolocation.
20. The minimum amount of energy needed for a sensation to occur is called
a. the absolute threshold.
b. a transducer level.
c. data reduction threshold.
d. perceptual limit.
21. A dog whistle can be heard by dogs but not by humans. This whistle takes advantage of a
characteristic of sensory systems known as
a. the absolute threshold.
b. the difference threshold.
c. perceptual defense.
d. a just noticeable difference.
22. Owls, who hunt at night, can hear sounds that cannot be heard by humans, which illustrates that,
compared to humans, they have a much
a. higher absolute threshold.
b. lower absolute threshold.
c. higher sensory adaptation level for sounds.
d. lower sensory adaptation level for sounds.
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23. Sensory adaptation refers to a decrease in sensory response that accompanies

a. perceptual defense.
b. threshold shifts.
c. an unchanging stimulus.
d. selective attention.
24. The decrease in sensory response to an unchanging stimulus is known as

a. sensory conflict.
b. sensory gating.
25. Sensory adaptation is normally most rapid for the sense of

a. vision.
b. olfaction.
c. taste.
d. kinesthesis.
26. Sensory receptors respond best to

a. changes in stimulation.
b. changes in threshold.
c. subliminal images.
d. repetitive stimuli.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
27. When you first get into the swimming pool, the water feels rather cool, but after swimming for awhile,
the water feels fine. A friend asks you how the water is, and you tell her the “water’s great.” She jumps
in and then accuses you of lying because the water is freezing. You really were not lying. It is just that
you experienced
a. sensory gating.
b. sensory adaptation.
c. sensory conflict.
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MSC: www
28. You go into your son's room, only to be met with a combination of smells, including day-old pizza,
wet towels, and gym shoes. Your son seems unconcerned with the putrid odors. When you ask how he
can stand the stench of his “pig sty,” he replies that he does not smell anything because of
__________. (Well, at least he's listening in psychology class.)
a. sensory adaptation
b. sensory gating
c. sensory conflict
d. selective attention
29. Which of the following explains why you are not constantly aware of the pressure of your wristwatch
on your arm or your shoes on your feet?
a. sensory adaptation
b. sensory gating
c. sensory conflict
d. perceptual localization.
30. The separation of sensory information into its important elements is known as
a. sensory analysis.
c. perceptual gating.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
31. Which of the following involves the process of extracting perceptual features from stimulus patterns?
a. sensory analysis.
c. perceptual gating.
32. As the senses process information, they divide the world into basic stimulus patterns known as
a. phosphenes.
b. perceptual features.
c. perceptual sets.
d. sensory adaptations.
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33. Important elements of a stimulus pattern, such as lines, shapes, edges, spots, and colors, are referred to
as
a. perceptual features.
b. sensory amplifiers.
c. perceptual transducers.
d. phosphenes.
34. The visual system is able to analyze incoming sensory information into lines, angles, shading, and
movement because it has a set of
a. sight cells.
b. second stage sensors.
c. feature detectors.
d. neurological transducers.
35. The “pop-out” effect, or eye-catching effect, of such visual stimuli as lines, shapes, edges, spots, and
colors occurs because your visual system is highly sensitive to perceptual
a. amplitudes.
b. transducers.
c. features.
d. thresholds.
36. In a drawing, a single vertical line is placed among a group of slanted lines. This effect, which is so
basic that babies as young as three months respond to it, is called the __________ effect.
a. somesthetic
b. pop-out
c. gate-control
d. stereoscopic
37. A frog’s eyes are highly sensitive to small, dark, moving spots. Since the frog’s eyes are attuned to this
specific stimuli, the frog’s eyes act as
a. feature detectors.
b. sensory amplifiers.
c. perceptual transducers.
d. phosphenes.
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38. In order for a frog’s visual bug-detector to work, the bug must be
a. a dark color.
b. coming closer to the frog.
c. stationary.
d. moving.
39. Regarding sensory analysis, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. As they process information, the senses divide the world into important perceptual
features.
b. Our sensitivity to perceptual features is an innate characteristic of our nervous system.
c. Our sensitivity to perceptual features is influenced by our experiences early in life.
d. Our sensitivity to perceptual features prevents our visual system from being vulnerable to
the pop-out effect.
40. In their experiments on the brain and perceptual features, Blakemore, Cooper, Grobstein and Chow
found that
a. the kittens raised in the vertically-striped rooms ran into chair legs in the normal
environment.
b. the kittens raised in the horizontally-striped rooms had difficulty jumping onto a chair in
the normal environment.
c. there was an actual decrease in brain cells tuned to the missing features.
d. all of these findings were true.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
41. Experiments in which cats were raised in environments which emphasized one feature over another
showed that
a. even though cats did not have experience with some features, they could easily learn about
them.
b. there was an actual decrease in brain cells tuned to the missing feature.
c. when returned to a normal environment, the cats became frightened and refused to move
around.
d. there was an actual increase in brain cells tuned to the missing feature.
found that the kittens raised in the vertically-striped rooms
a. bumped into chair legs.
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b. missed when they tried to jump to horizontal surfaces.
c. had difficulty walking in a straight line.
d. experienced no difficulty in any visual task since the eyes easily adapt.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
found that the kittens raised in the horizontally-striped rooms
a. bumped into chair legs.
b. missed when they tried to jump to horizontal surfaces.
c. had difficulty walking in a straight line.
d. experienced no difficulty in any visual task since the eyes easily adapt.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
44. Converting important features of the world into neural messages understood by the brain is called
a. sensory coding.
b. sensory accommodation.
d. sensory gating.
45. The difference between stimuli must be sufficiently large in order for your sensory systems to
__________ it.
a. accommodate
b. assimilate
c. code
d. decelerate
46. A minimum change in sensory intensity that is noticeable to an observer and can be coded into
neural messages is known as the
a. absolute threshold.
b. psychophysical equation.
c. difference threshold.
d. transduction limit.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
468
47. Regarding difference thresholds, which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Difference thresholds occur when we can first detect some stimulus.
b. Difference thresholds occur when we can first detect the change in the intensity of a
stimulus.
c. Difference thresholds involve the decrease in sensory response to an unchanging stimulus.
d. Difference thresholds involve the mental process of organizing sensations into meaningful
patterns.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
48. A researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is asked to respond same or
different by comparing their intensities. The researcher is seeking the __________ threshold.
a. difference
b. absolute
c. subliminal
d. phosphene
49. Light sensations caused by pressure applied to the eye are referred to as
a. pheromones.
b. phosphenes.
c. visual features.
d. artificial vision.
50. Creating phosphenes illustrates how which of the following processes occurs in the eye?
a. sensory gating
b. accommodation
c. absolute threshold
d. sensory coding
51. Phosphenes occur because the

a. eyes are able to transduce only a tiny fraction of electromagnetic energies.
b. eyes are sensitive to the pop-out effect.
c. eyes are only prepared to code stimulation as visual features.
d. sensitivity of the eyes to perceptual features in influenced by experiences early in life.
52. The type of sensation you experience depends on which area of the brain is activated. This is known as
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a. transduction.
b. sensory localization.
d. cerebralization.
53. Sensory localization means that the sensation experienced depends on the
a. area of the brain activated.
b. rate of firing of the nerve impulse.
c. the type of receptor stimulated.
d. the neural stimulation pattern.
54. Some brain areas receive visual information, others receive auditory information, and still others
receive taste or touch. Knowing which brain areas are active tells us, in general, what kinds of
sensations you are feeling. This illustrates
a. transduction.
b. sensory localization.
d. cerebralization.
55. You are undergoing a PET scan. The doctor finds that when he asks you questions, the temporal lobe
of the brain shows activation, while areas on the somatosensory area of the parietal lobe are activated
when your hand is stroked. This association of brain area activation and sensation experienced
illustrates
a. sensory gating.
b. sensory assimilation.
c. sensory localization.
d. cerebralization.
56. Assume that a scientist is working on a device to route sounds directly to the brain to provide a type of
hearing for people who are completely deaf. Which principle of sensory functioning would be most
useful to the scientist in achieving her goal?
a. selective attention
b. data reduction
c. sensory adaptation
d. sensory localization
57. In one approach, researchers have used a miniature television camera to send electrical signals to
directly stimulate to the brain, while in another approach, a grid of light-sensitive elements is
implanted into the retina so that it can electrically stimulate the optic nerve. Both of these systems
involved the use of sensory
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a. adaptation.
b. localization.
c. gating.
d. assimilation.
58. Which of the following is NOT one of the general functions of the sensory system?
a. sensory coding
b. sensory localization
c. sensory analysis
d. sensory assimilation
59. The spread of electomagnetic energies to which the eyes respond is called the
a. perceptual field.
b. gamma quatrant.
c. visible spectrum.
d. spectral composite.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays
OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact
60. The visible spectrum is is made up of a narrow range of wavelengths of

a. spectral particles.
b. ionized nanometers.
c. phosphenes.
d. electromagnetic radiation.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays
OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question)
61. Visible light is made up of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of

a. 400-700 nanometers.
b. 20 to 20,000 C.P.S.
c. 300-800 decibels.
d. 20 to 20,000 hectometers.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays
62. Visible light starts at the “short” wavelengths, which we sense as

a. red.
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b. green.
c. yellow.
d. purple.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays
63. We sense the longest wavelengths of visible light as the color

a. white.
b. purple.
c. red.
d. violet.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays
64. Humans respond to different wavelengths of light by experiencing differing

a. hues.
b. levels of brightness.
c. amounts of saturation.
d. amplitudes.
65. The basic color categories of red, orange, yellow, green, etc. refer to
a. saturation.
b. brightness.
c. hue.
d. color accommodation.
66. Hue refers to the

a. basic color categories.
b. pureness of color.
c. amplitude of light.
d. perception of meaningful patterns.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays
67. White light is

a. made up of the longest wavelengths.
b. made up of the shortest wavelengths.
c. a mixture of many wavelengths.
d. the absence of any wavelength.
68. Saturated or pure hues are produced by which type of wavelengths?

a. wide band
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b. narrow band
c. combination
d. high amplitude
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays
69. Compared to a muddy brick red, a fire-engine red is said to be more

a. assimilated.
b. aqueous.
c. saturated.
d. accommodated.
OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Concept
70. Brightness refers to the

a. basic color categories.
b. pureness of color.
c. amplitude of light.
d. perception of meaningful patterns.
71. The dimension of vision which corresponds to the amplitude of light waves is
a. hue.
b. brightness.
c. transparency.
d. timbre.
72. Light waves of greater amplitude cause colors to appear

a. dull or “washed out.”
b. brighter.
c. saturated.
d. transparent.
73. Colors that appear brighter

a. are more saturated.
b. have shorter wavelengths of light.
c. have light waves that carry more energy.
d. have light waves with a lower amplitude.
OBJ: 4.2.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question)
74. The function of the lens is to

a. locate an image.
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b. focus an image on the retina.
c. combine the location and projection on the blind spot.
d. project an image on the cornea.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays
75. Within one’s eye, the light-sensitive cells are called

a. photoreceptors.
b. phosphenes.
c. tympanics.
d. stereocilia.
76. Within one’s eye, the light-sensitive cells are located in the
a. retina.
b. cornea.
c. lens.
d. iris.
77. The area of the eye, which is about the size and thickness of a postage stamp and converts light
energy into nerve impulses, is called the
a. cornea.
b. iris.
c. lens.
d. retina.
78. The layer of light-sensitive pixels in the digital image sensor of a camera is analogous to the layer of
photoreceptors of which area of the eye?
a. retina
b. iris
c. lens
d. pupil
79. The clear membrane that covers the outside of the eye and helps gather and bend light inward is called
the
a. pupil.
b. iris.
c. cornea.
d. retina.
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80. Most of the focusing is done at the front of the eye by a clear membrane that bends light inward. This
membrane is called the
a. lens.
b. iris.
c. cornea.
d. pupil.
81. Most of the focusing is done at the front of the eye by the cornea, with additional, smaller adjustments
being made by the
a. lens.
b. iris.
c. retina.
d. pupil.
82. Muscles attached to which of part of the eye alter its shape and change the eye’s focal point?
a. lens.
b. fovea.
c. retina.
d. pupil.
83. The process in which the eye’s focal point changes as the muscles attached to the lens alter its shape is
referred to as
a. assimilation.
b. accommodation.
c. perception.
d. tranduction.
84. You focus a camera by changing the distance between the lens and the image sensor. Similarly, your
eye’s focal point changes through the process called
a. accommodation.
b. assimilation.
d. sensory gating.
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85. Visual problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism are the result of
a. irregularities in the visual cortex.
b. nutritional or traumatic damage to the sensory nerves.
c. physical abnormalities in the structure of the eye.
d. defective processing of sensory information in the visual cortex.
86. If vision is fuzzy because the eyeball is too short, the resulting condition is called
a. hyperopia.
b. myopia.
c. astigmatism.
d. presbyopia.
87. The scientific term for farsightedness is

a. hyperopia.
b. myopia.
c. retinitis.
d. astigmatism.
88. Hyperopia is the condition of the eyes in which the person cannot
a. focus on distant objects.
b. see very well in dim illumination.
c. focus on objects near the eyes.
d. see clearly because the lens is pigmented.
89. Fourteen-year-old Jessica can see distance objects very clearly, but the words in the textbook she is
reading appear blurry. She most likely has which visual problem?
a. myopia
b. hyperopia
c. astigmatism
d. presbyopia
OBJ: 4.2.2 KEY: Application
90. If your eyeball is too short, the resulting condition is called

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a. farsightedness.
b. presbyopia.
c. astigmatism.
d. nearsightedness.
91. If your eyeball is too long, the resulting condition is called

a. farsightedness.
b. presbyopia.
c. astigmatism.
d. nearsightedness.
92. If vision is fuzzy because the eyeball is too long, the resulting condition is called
a. hyperopia.
b. myopia.
c. astigmatism.
d. presbyopia.
93. The scientific term for nearsightedness is

a. hyperopia.
b. myopia.
c. astigmatism.
d. presbyopia.
94. Myopia is the condition of the eyes in which the person cannot
95. Jeremy who sits in the back of the seventh grade classroom, has no trouble reading the words in his
textbook, but he is having difficulty reading the words that the teacher is writing on the board or seeing
the images on the projection screen. Jeremy most likely has which vision problem?
a. hyperopia
b. astigmatism
c. presbyopia
d. myopia
477
96. Brenda has no difficulty reading a book in front of her, but is unable to read street signs from a
distance. She probably has
a. hyperopia.
b. myopia.
c. astigmatism.
d. presbyopia.
97. A visual defect known as astigmatism is the result of

a. one’s eyeball being too short.
b. one’s eyeball being too long.
c. an abnormal distribution of visual receptors in the retina.
d. a misshapen cornea or lens.
98. When the cornea or lens of the eye is misshapen so that part of the visual field will be focused and part
will be fuzzy, the condition is called
a. hyperopia.
b. myopia.
c. retinitis.
d. astigmatism.
99. As Karen reads her psychology textbook, the words on the page seem to be focused and then become
fuzzy. After an hour of struggling to read her textbook with some of the words in focus and other not,
she has developed a severe headache. When her eye doctor examines her eyes, he finds that her lenses
are misshapen. Karen has which visual problem?
a. myopia
b. hyperopia
c. astigmatism
d. presbyopia
100. Hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism can be corrected by placing glasses or contact lenses
a. in front of the eye to change the path of light.
b. over the image in order to magnify the image.
c. in front of the eye to make the cones more sensitive to light.
d. in front of the eye to make the rods more sensitive to light.
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101. As people become middle-aged, the lens of the eye becomes less flexible and less able to
accommodate, resulting in a farsightedness due to aging known as
a. hyperopia.
b. myopia.
c. presbyopia.
d. astigmatism.
102. The type of visual defect that a person experiences with presbyopia is similar to that of a person with
a. color blindness.
b. astigmatism.
c. myopia.
d. hyperopia.
103. Presbyopia is a condition of the eyes caused by aging in which the person cannot
104. Forty-six-year-old Debbie can clearly read the highway signs as she drives, but for the first time in her
life, she is having trouble reading the words and numbers in the phone book. Debbie most likely has
which vision problem?
a. myopia
b. hyperopia
c. astigmatism
d. presbyopia
105. Michael just turned 45 and is getting glasses for the first time because he has difficulty reading
newspapers, telephone books, and the instructions on medicine bottles. His eye doctor diagnosed his
vision problem as
a. hyperopia.
b. myopia.
c. astigmatism.
d. presbyopia.
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106. As people age, which part of the eye becomes less flexible and less able to accommodate?
a. fovea
b. retina
c. lens
d. iris
107. Bifocal lenses are used to correct

a. near vision.
b. distance vision.
c. presbyopia.
d. both near vision and distance vision.
108. The eye has two types of “image sensors,” consisting of receptor cells called the
a. iris and pupil.
b. lens and pupil.
c. cornea and the ciliary muscles.
d. rods and cones.
109. Which receptor cells produce color sensations and fine details, work best in bright light, and lie mainly
at the center of the eye?
a. phosphenes
b. rods
c. cones
d. stereocilia
OBJ: 4.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) www
110. Numbering about 120 million in each eye, which receptor cells allow us to see in dim light and are
responsible for our seeing black and white images?
a. phosphenes
b. rods
c. cones
d. stereocilia
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111. The cones of the retina
a. number about five million in each human eye.
b. are specialized for seeing black and white sensations.
c. occur most commonly in the periphery of the retina.
d. allow us to see in dim light.
112. The cones of the retina

a. are responsible for peripheral vision.
b. are specialized for color sensations and fine details.
c. function best in dim light conditions.
d. are much more sensitive to light than the rods are.
113. When you see colors and bright light, you are using the visual receptors known as
a. rods.
b. cones.
c. phosphenes.
d. stereocilia.
114. The visual receptors that are used under dim light and produce only black and white sensations are the
a. rods.
b. cones.
c. phosphenes.
d. stereocilia.
115. The rods of the retina

a. are densely packed in an area called the fovea.
b. are specialized for color sensations.
c. function best in dim light.
d. are specialized for picking up on fine detail.
116. The rods of the retina

a. number about 120 million in each eye and are found mainly in the periphery of the eye.
b. are specialized for color sensations and detecting fine details.
c. function best in bright light.
d. are characterized by all of these.
117. Black and white vision with the greatest sensitivity under lower levels of illumination describes the
function of the
481
a. cones.
b. rods.
c. phosphenes.
d. visual pigments.
118. Regarding the retina, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. The retina consists of many more cones than rods.
b. The retina is an area about the size and thickness of a postage stamp.
c. Only about half of the light falling on the front of the eye ever reaches the rods and cones
in the retina.
d. The part of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the eye contains no rods or cones and is
known as the blind spot.
119. The part of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the
a. lens.
b. retina.
c. blind spot.
d. pupil.
120. The area known as the blind spot is so named because

a. nerve cells have been permanently damaged.
b. a person no longer has peripheral vision.
c. there are no photoreceptors in this area.
d. there is no activity in the fovea.
121. The blind spot is formed

a. by an abnormally shaped eyeball.
b. where the cornea and lens are connected.
c. where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
d. when a person has brain damage.
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122. The part of the retina where there are no rods or cones is called the
a. iris.
b. pupil.
c. fovea.
d. blind spot.
123. The presence of which of the following parts of the retina shows that vision depends greatly on the
visual cortex of the brain actively filling in the gap with patterns from surrounding areas?
a. iris
b. pupil
c. fovea
d. blind spot
124. Visual acuity refers to which aspect of vision?

a. sharpness
b. brightness
c. color distinctions
d. depth perception
125. In bright light, visual acuity is greatest when the visual image falls on the
a. cornea.
b. fovea.
c. blind spot.
d. periphery of the retina.
126. The small cup-shaped area in the middle of the retina that contains only cones is the
a. fovea.
b. cornea.
c. blind spot.
d. lens.
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127. Visual acuity is sharpest when images are focused on the fovea because there is a high concentration
of which of the following in this region?
a. rods
b. cones
c. ganglion cells
d. bipolar cells
128. A receiver runs down field, turns, and focuses on the tiny “missile” spiraling down to him. This
receiver’s ability to see the football emphasizes his excellent visual acuity due to the fovea of his eyes
having a large concentration of
a. rods.
b. cones.
c. phosphenes.
d. stereocilia.
129. Damage to the fovea in each eye could be expected to impair one’s
a. visual acuity.
b. peripheral vision.
c. night vision.
d. black-and-white vision.
130. Normal visual acuity is designated as __________ vision.

a. 20/100
b. 20/40
c. 20/20
d. 20/10
131. If you have 20/20 visual acuity, then you have

a. myopia.
b. hyperopia.
c. astigmatism.
d. normal vision.
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132. Which of the following is NOT a test of visual acuity?
a. being able to detect a smallest grating seen as individual lines
b. the Snellen chart
c. the Landolt rings
d. the Ishihara test
133. The Snellen and the Landolt rings are used to assess
a. night vision.
b. visual acuity.
c. color vision.
d. depth perception.
134. Sam is being administered a test known as the Landolt rings. Which aspect of Sam’s vision is being
assessed?
a. night vision
b. visual acuity
c. color vision
d. depth perception
135. Which person has the best visual acuity?

a. Norma, who has 20/100 vision
b. Abby, who has 20/200 vision
c. Malcolm, who has 20/20 vision
d. Ian, who has 20/12 vision
136. Areas outside the fovea that receive light and are made up mainly of rods create for us a large region of
__________ vision.
a. central
b. perceptual
c. peripheral
d. color
137. Areas outside the fovea that receive light create for us a large region of peripheral vision with these
areas being made up mainly of
a. cones.
b. rods.
c. basal ganglia.
d. stereocilia.
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138. Seeing "out of the corner of your eye" is important in sports activities and driving. This is known as
a. tunnel vision.
b. peripheral vision.
c. astigmatism.
d. feature detection.
139. As a teacher writes on the board, she detects over her shoulder a student about to throw a wad of paper
at her. This excellent peripheral vision is due to the large concentration of which of the following in
the periphery of her eyes?
a. rods
b. cones
c. phosphenes
d. stereocilia
140. Your best friend is trying to sneak up on you, but you note some movement coming up behind you on
your left side. You spin around and scare her instead. Your ability to detect this movement is due to
the large number of rods that lie 20 degrees from the center of the retina and demonstrates your
excellent __________ vision.
a. extrasensory
b. color
c. peripheral
d. kinesthetic
141. Your best friend is trying to sneak up on you, but you note some movement coming up behind you on
your left side. You spin around and scare her instead. Your ability to detect this movement
demonstrates your excellent peripheral vision, which is due to the area of the retina that is 20 degrees
from center having a large number of
a. phosphenes.
b. cones.
c. rods.
d. stereocilia.
142. Damage to the receptors for peripheral vision could be expected to create
a. presbyopia.
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b. tunnel vision.
c. myopia.
d. color blindness.
143. You have experienced damage to a large number of rods in the periphery of your eye and feel like you
are wearing blinders with no vision to the left and right sides. You are suffering from
a. myopia.
b. hyperopia.
c. tunnel vision.
d. retinitis.
144. At night or under low illumination conditions, visual acuity is best when
a. objects are viewed with the fovea.
b. viewing yellowish-green objects.
c. using the rods in the eye.
d. viewing objects with only one eye.
145. At low levels of illumination, looking next to an object rather than directly at it would produce
a. temporary visual agnosia.
b. improved night vision.
c. night blindness.
d. tunnel vision.
146. An air-traffic controller is trying to spot the lights of an airplane on the horizon at night. He should
look
a. directly where he thinks it is.
b. with one eye only.
c. next to where he thinks it is.
d. at a bright light to preadapt his eyes.
147. Trichromatic theory states that in the eye, there are three kinds of
a. rods.
b. phosphenes.
c. ganglion cells.
d. cones.
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148. Which theory of color vision holds that there are three types of cones that respond to red, green, and
blue?
a. opponent-process theory
b. trichromatic theory
c. three-opponent theory
d. primary stage theory
149. According to the trichromatic theory of color vision,

a. the brain separates images into “either-or” messages of red-green, blue-yellow, or black-
white.
b. there are three types of rods, each sensitive to either yellow, red, or blue.
c. the eye has color receptors that are limited to white, black, and red.
d. there are three types of cones, each sensitive to either red, green, or blue.
150. A basic problem with the trichromatic theory is that

a. color cannot be analyzed into “either-or” messages.
b. only two types of light-sensitive visual pigments have been found in the retina.
c. four colors seem to be primary (cannot get them by mixing other colors).
d. it only explains events recorded in the optic pathways after information leaves the eyes.
151. The brain separates images into “either-or” messages of red-green, blue-yellow, or black-white
according to which theory of color vision?
a. opponent-process
b. trichromatic
c. accommodation
d. gate control
152. The fact that we can't see a reddish green or a yellowish blue is explained by which theory of color
vision?
a. opponent-process
b. trichromatic
c. three-opponent
d. afterimage
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153. Which theory of color vision explains that coding one color in a pair, such as red, seems to block the
other color, green, from coming through; thus, making it impossible to see a reddish green color?
a. three-opponent
b. trichromatic
c. opponent-process
d. afterimage
154. Which theory of color vision explains that fatigue caused by making one response produces an
afterimage of the opposite color as the system recovers?
a. three-opponent
b. trichromatic
c. opponent-process
d. accommodation
155. Visual sensations that persist after a stimulus is removed, like seeing a spot after a flashbulb goes off,
are called
a. limens.
b. phosphenes.
c. afterimages.
d. photoreceptors.
156. Kateria stares at an image of the U.S. flag with the stars black, the field around the stars yellow, and
the stripes black and green. She then stares at a white sheet of paper. The afterimage of a red, white,
and blue flag is explained by which theory of color vision?
a. trichromatic
b. opponent-process
c. accommodation
d. gate control
157. Which theory of color vision is correct?

a. opponent-process
b. trichromatic
c. afterimage
d. both opponent-process and trichromatic
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158. Which theory of color vision explains that each of the cones in the retina contains a different type of
iodopsin that breaks down when struck by light, triggers action potentials, and sends neural messages
to the brain?
a. opponent-process theory.
b. trichromatic theory.
c. three-opponent theory.
d. stage primary theory.
OBJ: 4.2.5 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) www
159. The trichromatic theory of color vision applies to the retina, where three different types of cone have
been found with each cone containing a different type of
a. iodopsin.
b. rhodopsin.
c. phosphene.
d. stereocilia.
160. The cones contain a light-sensitive visual pigment called

a. rhodopsin.
b. iodopsin.
c. phosphene.
d. gluten.
161. A light-sensitive visual pigment called iodopsin is found in the

a. cones.
b. rods.
c. cornea.
d. iris.
162. Which theory of color vision explains what happens in the optic pathways and in the brain after
information leaves the eye?
a. opponent-process
b. trichromatic
c. three-opponent
d. stage primary
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163. The opponent process theory of color vision explains
a. what happens in the retina.
b. how the stereocilia are stimulated and produce visual sensations.
c. how the iodopsin breaks down and triggers action potentials.
d. what happens in the optic pathways and brain after the information leaves the eye.
164. If you lack cones or if the cones do not function normally, you will
a. experience night blindness.
b. have tunnel vision.
c. lack peripheral vision.
d. be completely or partially color blind.
165. People who are totally color blind
a. can distinguish all color shades except for red and green.
b. see only shades of black and white.
c. are usually Asian, African, or Native-American.
d. are usually females.
166. Complete color blindness results in a perception of the world only in black and white and is a result of
a. cones that are missing or function abnormally.
b. rods that fail to function under higher levels of illumination.
c. excessive pigmentation of the cornea.
d. a lens that has lost its elasticity and can no longer focus the image appropriately on the
retina.
167. A person who can distinguish some colors but has an inability to distinguish red from green or yellow
from blue is said to have
a. myopia.
b. hyperopia.
c. color agnosia.
d. color weakness.
168. After complimenting his wife Helen on her new blue dress, Sid proceeded to put on a red tie and a
green coat, thinking they were both a yellowish brown. Sid most likely has
a. visual agnosia.
b. total color blindness.
c. only rods in his eyes and no cones.
d. a color weakness.
OBJ: 4.2.6 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question)
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169. Joe is unable to see blues and yellows but can distinguish between reds and greens. He has
a. only cones in his retina and no rods.
b. an extremely rare form of color weakness.
c. visual agnosia.
d. only rods in his retina and no cones.
170. Regarding color weakness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. A color weakness, involving yellow and blue is rarer than a color weakness involving red
and green.
b. More Asian, African, and Native American males than Caucasian males have red-green
color weakness.
c. One percent of women have a red-green color weakness.
d. People who have a red-green color weakness see reds and greens as the same color,
usually a yellowish-brown.
171. Regarding the incidence of red-green color weakness, what percent of Caucasian males have this
weakness?
a. one percent
b. eight percent
c. 15 percent
d. 22 percent
172. Regarding the incidence of red-green color weakness, what percent of Caucasian females have this
weakness?
a. one percent
b. eight percent
c. 15 percent
d. 22 percent
173. Based on gender and ethnicity, which of the following persons is most likely to have red-green color
weakness?
a. Sam, a Native American male
b. Jake, a Caucasian male
c. Robert, an African-American male
d. Suki, an Asian female
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174. Regarding color weakness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Some people reach adulthood without knowing that they have a color weakness.
b. People with red-green color weakness usually see both colors as yellowish brown.
c. The Snellen chart is the most common test for color blindness and color weakness.
d. People with color weakness rarely have trouble with traffic lights, since the red light has
yellow light mixed with the red, and the green light is really blue-green.
175. The most common test for color blindness or color weakness is the
a. Snellen chart.
b. Ishihara test.
c. Sheeling test.
d. Landolt rings.
176. Larry is taking a vision test in which he is asked to detect numbers and designs within circles
containing large numbers of dots of varying colors. However, all Larry sees is a jumble of dots. Larry
is most likely taking which test?
a. Landolt rings
b. Snellen test
c. Ishihara test
d. Sheeling test
177. Red-green color blind individuals do not have a severe difficulty with traffic lights because
a. the red light is always on top and the green light is brighter than the red.
b. the “red” traffic signals have blue light mixed in with the red.
c. the “green” light is really yellow-green.
d. all of these are utilized.
178. The dramatic increase in retinal sensitivity that occurs after entering the dark is called
a. the Ishihara effect.
b. retinal disparity.
c. cone enhancement.
d. dark adaptation.
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179. You enter the dark theater from the brightly lighted lobby; and you are temporarily unable to see
where to walk. After a short time, you can see the entire room as your retinas have undergone
a. the Ishihara effect.
b. retinal disparity.
c. cone enhancement.
d. dark adaptation.
180. How many minutes of complete darkness does it take to reach maximum visual sensitivity?
a. 12 to 15 minutes
b. 15 to 20 minutes
c. 20 to 25 minutes
d. 30 to 35 minutes
181. If you were to go star-gazing, how much time should you expect to reach maximum visual sensitivity
in the dark?
a. 15 minutes
b. 30 minutes
c. 50 minutes
d. 60 minutes
182. When your eyes reach the point of complete dark adaptation and maximum visual sensitivity, they will
be how many more times as sensitive to light?
a. 10
b. 100
c. 1,000
d. 100,000
183. The rods contain a light-sensitive visual pigment that is important for night vision and is called
a. rhodopsin.
b. iodopsin.
c. umami.
d. phosphene.
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184. Which of the following allows a person to see black and white images?
a. retinol in the aqueous humor
b. iodopsin in the cones
c. rhodopsin in the rods
d. phophenes in the optic nerve
185. When struck by light, the visual pigments in the rods

a. recombine.
b. multiply.
c. bleach.
d. become more sensitive.
186. The afterimages you have seen after looking at a flashbulb are a result of the visual pigments in the
retina
a. recombining.
b. multiplying.
c. bleaching.
d. becoming more sensitive.
187. You are driving in the dark when suddenly a bright light from an ongoing car temporarily blinds you.
To restore light sensitivity and allow you to see to drive, the visual pigments in your rods must
a. recombine.
b. break down chemically.
c. bleach.
d. dissipate.
188. Dark adaptation can be completely wiped out by

a. a brief exposure to red light.
b. a brief exposure to bright light.
c. the bleaching of iodopsin in the rods.
d. the recombining of the rhodopsin in the cones.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Vision-Catching Some Rays
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189. Regarding dark adaptation, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. It takes about 10 to 15 minutes of complete darkness to reach maximum visual sensitivity.
b. Dark adaptation can be wiped out by just a few seconds of viewing the bluish-white xenon
lights.
c. The afterimages seen after looking at a flashbulb are a result of the bleaching of visual
pigment in the rods.
d. To restore ligh sensitivity, the rhodopsin in the rods must recombine.
190. To aid dark adaptation, airplane cockpits, submarines, and ready rooms for fighter pilots are
illuminated with
a. red light.
b. green light.
c. bluish-white zenon lights.
d. black light.
191. If you wanted to move quickly into the dark without having to adapt, you would use what color light
bulb in the room?
a. blue
b. red
c. green
d. purple
192. People, such as pilots, who have to move quickly from lighted surroundings to night darkness use red
light illumination. This is because
a. red light slows down dark adaptation.
b. the rods are insensitive to red light.
c. the cones are insensitive to red light.
d. red light is a stimulating color and tends to keep pilots and military personnel aroused and
alert.
193. Regarding vision and hearing, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Hearing collects information from all around the body, while vision is limited to stimuli in
front of the eyes.
b. Sound waves travel as a series of invisible waves of compression and rarefaction.
c. Sound can travel in fluids or solids.
d. Sound can travel in a vacuum, such as outer space.
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ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
194. The rhythmic movement of air molecules produces

a. electromagnetic waves.
b. sound waves.
c. kinesthetic sensation.
d. gustation.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
195. Waves of compression and rarefaction of air molecules provides the stimulus for the psychological
experience of
a. vision.
b. consciousness.
c. hearing.
d. olfaction.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
196. Regarding sound waves, which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Sound waves are produced by vibrating objects.
b. Sound waves can travel in a vacuum.
c. Compressions are the valleys within the sound waves.
d. Rarefactions are the peaks within the sound waves.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
197. The peaks of the sound wave are referred to as

a. pinnacles.
b. timbres.
c. compressions.
d. rarefactions.
198. The valleys of the sound waves are referred to as

a. depressions.
b. timbres.
c. compressions.
d. rarefactions.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
199. It is possible to hear a struck tuning fork because it

a. causes electromagnetic pulses.
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b. causes compressions and rarefactions in the air.
c. changes the shape of air molecules.
d. stimulates the vestibular system.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
200. Movies that show characters reacting to the “roar” of alien starships or titanic battles in deep space are
in error because sound waves
a. travel as visible waves in outer space.
b. cannot travel in the vacuum of outer space.
c. only create compression waves in outer space.
d. only create rarefaction waves in outer space.
201. Frequency is to pitch as amplitude is to
a. compression.
b. rarefaction.
c. tone.
d. loudness.
202. Amplitude is to loudness as frequency is to

a. compression.
b. rarefaction.
c. pitch.
d. intensity.
203. The number of waves per second that corresponds to perceived pitch is called
a. frequency.
b. amplitude.
c. rarefaction.
d. compression.
204. The physical “height” of a sound wave that tells how much energy the wave contains is called
a. amplitude.
b. frequency.
c. compression.
d. rarefaction.
205. The pitch of a sound corresponds to which aspect of the sound wave?
a. amplitude
b. frequency
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c. rarefaction
d. compression
206. The loudness of a sound corresponds to which aspect of a sound wave?

a. frequency
b. amplitude
c. rarefaction
d. compression
207. In the church choir, Madeline is a soprano and sings with a higher pitch than Amanda, who sings alto.
The difference in tone between the two ladies is due to which aspect of the sound waves being
produced by each lady?
a. amplitude
b. height
c. frequency
d. intensity
208. The Wretched Flamingo, a local punk rock band, was so loud during their practice sessions that the
parents of one band member built them a “music shed” a significant distance from the house. This
loudness was due to the
a. number of sound waves per second.
b. height of the sound waves.
c. frequency of the sound waves.
d. pitch of the sound waves.
209. The external, or visible, part of the ear is called the

a. cochlea.
b. pinna.
c. inner ear.
d. tympanic membrane.
210. The artist Van Gogh cut off the external part of his ear. A psychologist would refer to the part that was
cut off as the
a. pinna.
b. cochlea.
c. auditory ossicle.
d. stereocilia.
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211. The part of the ear that acts as a funnel to concentrate sounds and guide them into the ear canal is
called the
a. cochlea.
b. pinna.
c. auditory ossicle.
d. tympanic membrane.
212. The thin membrane that moves in and out in response to sound waves colliding with it and passes the
vibration on to the middle ear is the
a. auditory nerve.
b. basilar membrane.
c. tympanic membrane.
d. auditory ossicle.
OBJ: 4.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: www
213. In the auditory system, the first anatomical structure that is set in motion by the sound wave is
a. an auditory ossicle.
b. the cochlea.
c. the eardrum.
d. the oval window.
214. Which one of the following sequences is the correct one for audition?
a. eardrum, cochlea, hair cells, ossicles
b. ossicles, eardrum, cochlea, hair cells
c. hair cells, ossicles, eardrum, cochlea
d. eardrum, ossicles, cochlea, hair cells
215. The eardrum is linked with the cochlea by the

a. auditory ossicles.
b. stereocilia.
c. auditory nerve.
d. organ of Corti.
216. The three small bones of the middle ear are called the
a. cochlear bones.
b. tympanic bones.
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c. basilar ossicles.
d. auditory ossicles.
217. The three auditory ossicles are the malleus, incus, and the
a. stapes.
b. anvil.
c. cochlea.
d. organ of Corti.
218. Grandpa teased his grandchildren by saying that they have little hammers, anvils, and stirrups in their
heads. They hollered, “No, you're wrong, PaPa.” However, their grandpa was right, since these are the
common names for the
a. auditory ossicles.
b. three parts of the cochlea.
c. structures within the organ of Corti.
d. feature detectors within the retina.
219. Which of the following is a membrane on the cochlea that is attached to the stapes and moves back and
forth, making waves in the fluid inside the cochlea?
a. tympanic membrane
b. auditory ossicle
c. oval window
d. pinna
220. Grandma told the grandkids that their “PaPa” was right about the “little hammer and other things”
being in their heads. She then added that their inner ear looked like a snail. This fluid-filled structure
that looks like a snail is the
a. pinna.
b. auditory ossicle.
c. cochlea.
d. umami.
221. The cochlea is made up of the

a. malleus, incus, and stapes.
b. organ of Corti, hair cells, and stereocilia.
c. rods and cones.
d. pinna and the auditory ossicles.
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222. Sound energy is converted to nerve impulses by the hair cells inside the
a. tympanic membrane.
b. cochlea.
c. otolith organs.
d. pinna.
223. Sound vibrations make waves in the fluid inside the cochlea. These waves in the fluid are detected in
the cochlea by
a. ossicles.
b. hair cells.
c. pinnas.
d. umami cells.
224. Which of the following is the center part of the cochlea and contains the hair cells?
a. ossicles
b. pinna
c. organ of Corti
d. Ishihara nodule
225. The final step (within the inner ear) that is required to convert vibrations into sound sensations
involves the movement of the
a. hair cells.
b. tympanic membrane.
c. pinna.
d. ossicles.
226. The hair cells of the cochlea serve a function in hearing that is similar to the function of which of the
following in vision?
a. iris
b. blind spot
c. rods and cones
d. cornea
227. Within the organ of Corti, there are “bristles” atop each hair cell that brush against the tectorial
membrane and trigger nerve impulses that flow to the brain. These “bristles” are called
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a. stereocilia.
b. auditory ossicles.
c. umami.
d. stapes.
228. Which of the following are part of the organ of Corti and when bent trigger nerve impulses, which
flow to the brain?
a. ossicles
b. stereocilia
c. stapes
d. pinnas
229. Which theory of hearing explains how sounds up to 4000 hertz reach the brain?
a. place
b. auditory
c. frequency
d. rarefaction
230. According to which theory of hearing will an 800-hertz tone produce 800 nerve impulses per second
through the auditory nerve?
a. tonal base
b. place
c. amplitude
d. frequency
231. In the measurement of sound, the number of vibrations per second is called a(n)
a. hertz.
b. decibel.
c. ampere.
d. ohm.
232. Which theory of hearing explains that hearing high or low tones depends upon which area of the
cochlea is most strongly stimulated?
a. tone
b. place
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c. frequency
d. amplitude
233. According to the place theory of hearing, low tones cause the greatest movement of hair cells near the
a. narrow outer tip of the cochlea.
b. base of the cochlea.
c. narrow outer tips of the tympanic membrane.
d. base of the tympanic membrane.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
234. According to the place theory of hearing, high tones cause the greatest movement of hair cells near the
a. narrow outer tip of the cochlea.
b. base of the cochlea.
c. narrow outer tips of the tympanic membrane.
d. base of the tympanic membrane.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
235. Which theory of hearing explains why hunters sometimes lose hearing in a narrow pitch range, known
as the “Hunter’s notch”?
a. place
b. conduction
c. frequency
d. tone
236. Jason is an avid hunter. Although his parents caution him to wear ear protection, he has developed the
“Hunter’s notch,” which means that he has
a. caused permanent indentions in his eardrum.
b. shattered the bones in the middle ear.
c. damaged the hair cells in the inner ear.
d. caused ear wax to build up in the ear canal.
237. Hearing loss that occurs when hair cells are damaged in the area affected by the pitch of gunfire is
referred to as
a. the “Hunter’s notch.”
b. an acquired conductive loss.
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c. auditory agnosia.
d. the “Six-Shooter.”
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
238. Hunter’s notch refers to a(n)

a. heredity cochlea defect.
b. specific type of hearing loss.
c. decibel level of gunfire.
d. ear protection device.
239. Conductive and sensorineural are two types of

a. color blindness.
b. hearing loss.
c. visual acuity problems.
d. kinesthetic loss.
240. Which type of hearing loss is caused when the eardrum or ossicles are damaged by disease or injury?
a. noise-induced
b. conductive
c. sensorineural
d. aphasic
241. Regarding conductive hearing losses, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Conductive losses can sometimes be overcome by the use of hearing aids.
b. Conductive losses may be caused by immobilization of the auditory ossicles.
c. Conductive losses may result from damage to the eardrum.
d. Conductive losses are often caused by listening to very loud sounds for a prolonged period
of time.
242. Which type(s) of hearing loss can be overcome with a hearing aid, which makes sounds louder and
clearer?
a. conductive
b. noise-induced
c. sensorineural
505
d. all of these
243. Arnold is 60 years old and has begun experiencing a significant hearing loss. His doctor explains that
his hearing loss is due to the ossicles of the middle ear becoming brittle with age. According to the
doctor, Arnold is experiencing which type of hearing loss?
a. cochlear
b. place
c. conductive
d. sensorineural
244. Which type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the hair cells or the auditory nerve?
a. vestibular
b. threshold
c. conductive
d. sensorineural
245. Marian has been diagnosed with a sensorineural hearing loss, which was most likely caused by
a. damage to the auditory ossicles.
b. a puncture to her eardrum.
c. chronic ear infections that led to fluid build-up in her middle ear.
d. damage to the hair cells in the cochlea.
246. Damage caused by exposing the hair cells of the inner ear to excessively loud sounds is called a
__________ hearing loss.
a. noise-induced
b. compression
c. conductive
d. tympanic
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
247. Noise-induced hearing loss is a form of which type of hearing loss

a. sensorineural
b. compression
c. conductive
d. tympanic
506
248. If you are exposed to the noise of a jack hammer in your work, you are particularly susceptible to a
__________ hearing loss.
a. conductive
b. tympanic
c. compression
d. noise-induced
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Hearing-Good Vibrations
249. On weekends, 16-year-old Clanton likes to hunt, ride his motorcycle, and play drums in his local rock
band. His doctor told him that he has damaged the hair cells in his ears. Which of the following types
of hearing loss does Clanton NOT have?
a. noise-induced hearing loss
b. sensorineural hearing loss
c. the Hunter's notch
d. conductive hearing loss
250. If you work in a noisy environment or enjoy loud music, motorcycling, snowmobiling, hunting, or
similar pursuits, you may be risking for developing which type of hearing loss?
a. tympanic
b. compression
c. sensorineural
d. conductive
507

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Solution Manual for Introduction to Psychology

Gateways to Mind and Behavior with Concept Maps and

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Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-introduction-to-psychology-gateways-to-mind-

Chapter 4a—Sensation and Perception

1. Regarding sensation and perception, which of the following statements is FALSE?

3. Sense receptors are biological transducers, which means that they

23. Sensory adaptation refers to a decrease in sensory response that accompanies

24. The decrease in sensory response to an unchanging stimulus is known as

25. Sensory adaptation is normally most rapid for the sense of

26. Sensory receptors respond best to

39. Regarding sensory analysis, which of the following statements is FALSE?

47. Regarding difference thresholds, which of the following statements is TRUE?

51. Phosphenes occur because the

60. The visible spectrum is is made up of a narrow range of wavelengths of

61. Visible light is made up of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of

62. Visible light starts at the “short” wavelengths, which we sense as

63. We sense the longest wavelengths of visible light as the color

64. Humans respond to different wavelengths of light by experiencing differing

66. Hue refers to the

67. White light is

68. Saturated or pure hues are produced by which type of wavelengths?

69. Compared to a muddy brick red, a fire-engine red is said to be more

70. Brightness refers to the

72. Light waves of greater amplitude cause colors to appear

73. Colors that appear brighter

74. The function of the lens is to

75. Within one’s eye, the light-sensitive cells are called

87. The scientific term for farsightedness is

90. If your eyeball is too short, the resulting condition is called

91. If your eyeball is too long, the resulting condition is called

93. The scientific term for nearsightedness is

97. A visual defect known as astigmatism is the result of

107. Bifocal lenses are used to correct

112. The cones of the retina

115. The rods of the retina

116. The rods of the retina

118. Regarding the retina, which of the following statements is FALSE?

120. The area known as the blind spot is so named because

121. The blind spot is formed

124. Visual acuity refers to which aspect of vision?

130. Normal visual acuity is designated as __________ vision.

131. If you have 20/20 visual acuity, then you have

135. Which person has the best visual acuity?

149. According to the trichromatic theory of color vision,

150. A basic problem with the trichromatic theory is that

157. Which theory of color vision is correct?

160. The cones contain a light-sensitive visual pigment called

161. A light-sensitive visual pigment called iodopsin is found in the

170. Regarding color weakness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

174. Regarding color weakness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

185. When struck by light, the visual pigments in the rods

188. Dark adaptation can be completely wiped out by

194. The rhythmic movement of air molecules produces

196. Regarding sound waves, which of the following statements is TRUE?

197. The peaks of the sound wave are referred to as

198. The valleys of the sound waves are referred to as