Quiz 1
Golgi Bodies - A cell organelle that helps process and
package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins
Nucleus - The largest organelle inside the cell taking up
about a tenth.
Cytoplasm - A thick solution that fills each cell and is
enclosed by the cell membrane.
Ribosomes - Particles consisting of RNA and associated
proteins.
Plastids - Types of pigments that can change the color of
the cell.
Cilia - Small hair-like protuberances on the outside of
eukaryotic cells.
Sogaerisines - Filled with hydrolytic enzymes for fat
synthesis.
Glyoxysomes - Contains enzymes involved in the
conversion of fats to carbohydrates during germination.
Plasmodesma - Are microscopic channels which traverse
the cell walls of plant cells and some algal cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - A continuous membrane system
that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm
of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions.
Microtubules - Polymers of tubulin that form part of the
cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape.
Spindle Fibers - Involved in moving and segregating the
chromosomes during nuclear division.
Mitochondria - Membrane-bound cell organelles that
generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the
cell's biochemical reactions.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - FIRST PERSON to see a
BACTERIA.
Protoplasm - Composed of a mixture of small molecules
such as ions, amino acids, monosaccharides and water,
and macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids
and polysaccharides.
Cell Wall - Provides the cell with both structural support and
protection.
TRUE
• CAROTENOIDS – yellow pigment
• Tonoplast is a membrane enclosing vacuoles.
• Secondary Wall is impermeable to water and other
substances which results to the death of cells.
• CaCO₃ crystals which are grape-like (crystolith) may
be found within the cell hanging from the cell wall
False
• In plants, golgi bodies are connected and scattered.
These are called dictyosomes.
• Suberin – renders the cell permeable to water and
gases.
• In eukaryotic cells, the protoplasm includes all of the
material inside the cell and outside of the nucleus.
• Cutin is a fatty material usually found as a layer, the
cuticle, on outer walls of cells forming the exterior
surfaces of land plants; is permeable to water and
protect leaves and stems against water loss.
 • Anthoxanthins are the pigments that give red,
purple, and blue plants their rich coloring.
• Plant cells are the basic unit of life in organisms of
the kingdom Plantae. They are prokaryotic cells,
which have a true nucleus along with specialized
structures called organelles that carry out different
functions.
• CELL THEORY states that “the bodies of plants and
animals are composed of cells and their products
and these cells came from existing cells.
• Cytoplasm is part of the protoplasm found outside
the cell membrane and inside the nucleus.
Quiz 2
True
• Suberin and cutin – protect leaves and stem against
water loss.
• Interphase-chromosomes duplicate, and copies
remain attached to each other.
• Lipid-soluble pigments – found in the plastids like
chlorophyll, carotenes and xanthophylls.
• Releasing the energy in the food for its varied
activities through a process called respiration.
• Enzymes – composed primarily of proteins together
with other substances.
• Prophase - chromatin begins to condense and
thicken, coiling up into bodies referred to as
chromosomes.
• Mineral salts are compound formed when an acid is
neutralized by a base.
• Building foods from the materials and light energy it
absorbs through as process called of
photosynthesis.
• Monosaccharides aka simple sugars.
• Cytolysis, can occur if the cell is in a hypotonic
solution resulting in a lower external osmotic
pressure and a net flow of water into the cell.
• After telophase, the daughter cells go through the
interphase and cell cycle is repeated.
False
• Anaphase-the spindle has captured all the
chromosomes and lined them up at the middle of
the cell, ready to divide.
• First 3 phases of the cycle are referred to as
prophase.
• Neurons are chemical messengers present in very
small amounts that bring about important changes
in growth and development.
• Normally when a cell divides, the nucleus divides
first, followed by the division of the cytoplasm or
mitosis.
• Phytochromes are found in the cytoplasm and
concerned with certain steps in respiration and
photosynthesis.
• Diffusion is the spontaneous net movement of
solvent molecules through a partially permeable
membrane into a region of higher solute
concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize
the solute concentrations on the two sides.
• Plasmolysis the process in which cells lose water in
a hypotonic solution.
 • The G 2 phase start as the cell begins division.
• Cytokinesis : Division of the nucleus during the cell
cycle
• Protein- carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms with
general formula (CH2O)n.
• DNA molecule is duplicated by a process called
duplication.
• Inorganic substances are compounds that contain
carbon.
• Metaphase cell starts to break down some
structures and build others up, setting the stage for
division of the chromosomes.
• O2 – raw material for photosynthesis
Quiz 3
Xylem
• They are dead with hollow cells, which consist of only
cell wall.
• Is mainly responsible for the conduction of water
and mineral salts from roots to other parts of the
plant.
Phloem
• Also called as sugar.
• They transport the nutrients in the downward
direction.
Permanent Tissues - Contain nondividing cells.
INTERCALARY MERISTEM - Responsible for the rapid
growth of stems.
LATERAL MERISTEM - Responsible for the increase in the
diameter or width of the roots and stems.
Collenchyma - Composed of cells with unevenly thickened
walls.
Cork - Cell walls impregnated with suberin
ROOTS - Cylindrical structures which are usually located
beneath the surface of the soil.
PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY, ADVENTITOUS –
Types of roots based on origin.
TAP ROOTS SYSTEM - Consists of one main root which
arises lateral roots.
FIBROUS SYSTEM - Consists of several main roots that
branch to form a dense mass of intermeshed lateral roots.
Support – Creeping Ivy, Old Trees
Food Storage – Ube Beets, Radish
Photosynthesis – Orchids
Protection – Yam
Nitrogen Fixation – Peanuts, Soybeans
Aeration – Mangrove
Reproduction - Purple Yam
Quiz 4
ROOTING - Stem cuttings are placed in moist sand or peat
mass until adventitious root develop.
Photosynthesis - Stick plant.
PRUNING - the removal of a diseased, broken, or otherwise
undesired branch.
Bulbs - Very small piece of the stem tissue surrounded by
numerous fleshy leaves
SAP WOOD/ALBURNUM - Outer part of the wood, which
is paler in color
VASCULAR BUNDLE - Inner region composed of the
primary vascular tissue made up of primary xylem and
primary phloem.
CORTEX - Middle region composed of an outer zone of
collenchyma, an inner zone of parenchyma.
NODES - An area on a stem where buds are located.
GIRDLING - The removal of the complete ring of the bark
to shop the downward passage of food.
SCION - stem piece which is grafted to the stock.
Balloon vine - Unusual method of support
STOCK - Basal rooted stem used in a graft
Digman - Uncutinized epidermis.
Tubers - Short, swollen, terminal portions of an
underground stems.
TWIG - A young stem (1 year old or less) that is in the
dormant winter stage (has no leaves).
stems + leaves - SHOOTS
BUDS - An undeveloped shoot from which leaves or
flowers grow.
TRUNK - A woody plant’s main stem.
Storage - Fleshy, underground stems.
BRANCH - A stem that is more than 1 year old, typically
with lateral stems radiating from it.
HEARTWOOD - Center part of the wood.
Interphase
• 46 Chromosomes.
• Divided into three phases: G1 (first gap), S
(synthesis), and G2 (second gap).
Prophase
• Cell starts to break down some structures and
build others up.
• Chromosomes doubled
• Nuclear membrane dissolves
Metaphase - Chromosomes align at the middle of cell.
Anaphase
• The sister chromatids separate from each other
and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell.
• Separated chromosomes pulled apart
Telophase
• Microtubules disappear cell division begins.
• Cytokinesis or the partitioning of the cell may also
begin during this stage