Introduction To The History of Psychology 7th Edition Hergenhahn Test Bank 1

Solution Manual for Introduction to the History of
Psychology 7th Edition Hergenhahn Henley 1133958095

9781133958093
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Chapter 7: Romanticism and Existentialism
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The Enlightenment is also referred to as the :

A. Age of Reason
B. Age of the Romantic
C. Age of Freedom
D. Age of the Human
ANS: A DIF: factual REF: Prologue
2. The romantic philosophers considered which human characteristic as most important?

A. irrational feelings
B. rational thought
C. refinement
D. benevolence
ANS: A DIF: conceptual REF: Romanticism
3. The romantics defined the good life as one lived in accordance with:
A. natural law
B. God's will
C. one's own inner nature
D. rationally derived moral principles
ANS: C DIF: applied REF: Romanticism
4. Who is generally thought to be the father of romanticism?

A. Hegel
B. Goethe
C. Rousseau
D. Kierkegaard
ANS: C DIF: factual REF: Romanticism
5. The statement, "Man is born free and yet we see him everywhere in chains" is associated with:
A. Hume
B. Locke
C. Goethe
D. Rousseau
ANS: D DIF: factual REF: Romanticism
6. According to Rousseau, all the governments of his time were based on the faulty assumption that:
A. humans are rational
B. a limited government benefits everyone
C. humans need to be governed
D. government and free will can coexist
ANS: C DIF: conceptual REF: Romanticism
7. For Rousseau, the only justifiable government was one that:

A. controls behavior with incentives
B. allows humans to reach their full potential and express free will
C. allows people to express hedonistic pursuits
D. rules by categorical imperative
ANS: B DIF: conceptual REF: Romanticism
8. What did Rousseau trust most as a guide for human conduct?

A. reason
B. personal feelings
C. science
D. religion
ANS: B DIF: applied REF: Romanticism
9. Rousseau supported Protestantism because:

A. God's existence could be defended on the basis of individual feelings
B. in contrast to Catholicism, Protestantism accepted free will
C. Protestantism reconciled God and individual feelings
D. unlike local officials, the church governed with compassion
ANS: A DIF: conceptual REF: Romanticism
10. Hobbes, along with many theologians and philosophers, believed human nature to be ____, whereas
Rousseau believed it to be basically ____.
A. rational; impulsive
B. good; animalistic
C. animalistic; good
D. good; selfish
ANS: C DIF: conceptual REF: Romanticism
11. Rousseau referred to a hypothetical human who is uncontaminated by society as a(n):

A. Emile
B. noble savage
C. existentialist
D. romantic
ANS: B DIF: factual REF: Romanticism
12. Which of the following most characterized Rousseau's utopian society?

A. The ownership of private property
B. Democratic elections
C. The encouragement of individuals to act in accordance with their private will
D. The surrender of the individual will to the general will
13. Rousseau's concept of the general will refers to:

A. living out one's social contract
B. a summation of a person's private will
C. the type of government that is best for all
D. the innate tendency to live harmoniously with one's fellow humans
14. According to Rousseau, an effective government must be based on:
A. an absolute monarchy
B. the private will
C. the general will
D. unanimous agreement among members of the community
15. Rousseau believed that education should:

A. stimulate the development of a child's natural impulses
B. strengthen the mental faculties
C. provide the child with time-tested, culturally relevant information
D. emphasize the basic skills such as reading, writing, and arithmetic
ANS: A DIF: factual REF: Romanticism
16. The book, Emile, was written about education in the form of a novel. Who was the author?
A. Schopenhauer
B. Kierkegaard
C. Nietzsche
D. Rousseau
17. According to Rousseau, which of the following provides the optimal condition for learning?
A. Professionals as teachers
B. A child's natural interests
C. A setting free of distractions
D. A curriculum designed to teach basic knowledge
18. Who viewed life as consisting of opposing forces such as love and hate, or good and evil?
A. Rousseau
B. Nietzsche
C. Goethe
D. Schopenhauer
19. Goethe viewed ____ as the ultimate source of happiness.

A. vast material wealth
B. hedonism
C. a union with God
D. liberty
20. Goethe viewed science as:

A. the new religion
B. useless
C. useful but limited
D. the only valid way of attaining accurate knowledge
21. Goethe's idea to embrace the opposing forces present in life had a direct influence on:
A. Freud
B. Jung
C. Schopenhauer
D. Nietzsche
22. Schopenhauer's philosophy was based on the distinction between the noumenal and phenomenal
worlds proposed by:
A. Kant
B. Rousseau
C. Goethe
D. Freud
ANS: A DIF: applied REF: Romanticism
23. According to Schopenhauer, when the blind, aimless universal manifests itself in a particular
organism, it becomes:
A. a communion with God
B. the will to survive
C. a revealed truth
D. what the empiricists called an idea
24. According to Schopenhauer, the will to survive causes:

A. humans to seek a union with God
B. human rationality
C. an unending cycle of needs and need satisfaction
D. a feeling of kinship between humans and nonhuman animals
25. According to Schopenhauer, when all of our needs are temporarily satisfied, we feel:
A. bored
B. self-actualized
C. at one with God
D. extreme pleasure
26. According to Schopenhauer, ____ suffer the most.
A. intelligent humans
B. unintelligent humans
C. nonhuman animals
D. plants
27. Schopenhauer believed that life is best viewed as:

A. an opportunity to become self-actualized
B. the postponement of death
C. an opportunity to do God's work
D. something that only truly begins after death
ANS: B DIF: conceptual REF: Romanticism
28. Schopenhauer believed that most people cling to life because:

A. not to do so is a sin
B. it is so enjoyable
C. they fear death
D. that is what they have been taught to do
29. Schopenhauer anticipated Freud's concept of ____ when he said that we could at least partially escape
the irrational forces within us by immersing ourselves in such things as music, poetry, or art.
A. repression
B. resistance
C. compensation
D. sublimation
ANS: D DIF: applied REF: Romanticism
30. Schopenhauer stated that we may repress undesirable thoughts into the:
A. subconscious
B. unconscious
C. apperceptive mass
D. soul
31. According to Kierkegaard, the ultimate state of being is achieved when an individual decides to:
A. return to nature
B. embrace God and take God's existence on faith
C. live a life based on rational principles
D. seek pleasure and avoid pain
ANS: B DIF: conceptual REF: Existentialism
32. Kierkegaard believed that the existence of God:

A. can be proven by studying nature
B. can be proven by logic
C. has to be taken on faith
D. is of no consequence to his philosophy
ANS: C DIF: conceptual REF: Existentialism
33. According to Kierkegaard, God gives humans a way of dealing with the "absolute paradox" with:
A. faith
B. consciousness
C. reasoning ability
D. guilt
ANS: A DIF: conceptual REF: Existentialism
34. Which of the following is the correct arrangement of the stages Kierkegaard suggested for the
development of human freedom?
A. aesthetic  ethical  religious
B. religious  aesthetic  ethical
C. ethical  aesthetic  religious
D. religious  ethical  aesthetic
ANS: A DIF: factual REF: Existentialism
35. According to Kierkegaard, the aesthetic stage consists of which of the following?
A. People are open to experiences and seek out many forms of pleasure, but they do not
recognize their ability to choose.
B. People accept the responsibility of making choices, but use as their guides ethical
principles established by others.
C. People recognize and accept their freedom and enter into a personal relationship with God.
D. People assume that God is dead.
36. According to Kierkegaard, the ethical stage consists of which of the following?
ANS: B DIF: factual REF: Existentialism
37. According to Kierkegaard, the religious stage consists of which of the following?
ANS: C DIF: factual REF: Existentialism
38. Nietzsche believed that the ____ aspect of human nature manifests itself in the desire for predictability
and orderliness.
A. Apollonian
B. Dionysian
C. existential
D. romantic
39. Nietzsche believed that the best life reflects:

A. rationality
B. irrationality
C. controlled passion
D. the love of God
40. Nietzsche primarily considered himself a:
A. psychologist
B. philosopher
C. theologian
D. priest
41. At the heart of Nietzsche's psychology is the tension between:

A. Apollonian and Dionysian tendencies
B. the church and the state
C. science and religion
D. good and evil
42. Nietzsche believed that:

A. all human behavior is determined
B. life without the restraints of religion is certain to be chaotic
C. people are their own creation
D. the only free people are artists
43. According to Nietzsche, the difference between freedom and slavery is:
A. freedom
B. an illusion
C. a matter of choice
D. a miracle
44. Schopenhauer believed that irrational instincts should be ____, whereas Nietzsche believed they
should be ____.
A. nurtured; eliminated
B. repressed; expressed
C. expressed; repressed
D. eliminated; repressed
ANS: B DIF: applied REF: Existentialism
45. Nietzsche's ____ was clearly contrary to Enlightenment philosophy.

A. perspectivism
B. emphasis on human rationality
C. belief in God
D. determinism
46. For Nietzsche, the most basic motive for human behavior was:
A. the will to survive
B. the will to power
C. hedonism
D. to act in accordance with God's will
47. For Nietzsche, people approaching their full potential are:
A. pseudogods
B. supermen
C. fully functional
D. self-actualized
48. Nietzsche believed that many human problems would be solved if:
A. every individual strives to be all that he or she could be
B. philosophers became kings
C. fewer individuals strive to become supermen
D. materialistic philosophy is accepted
49. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche had what in common?

A. An acceptance of Hegel's philosophy
B. An unfavorable opinion of psychology
C. A criticism of the organized church and science
D. A belief in God
ANS: C DIF: applied REF: Kierkegaard and Nietzsche as Psychology
50. What did romanticism and existentialism have in common?

A. The importance of subjective experience
B. A belief in fate
C. The respect for rationalism
D. A quest for scientific truth
ANS: A DIF: conceptual REF: Kierkegaard and Nietzsche as Psychology
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Solution Manual for Introduction to the History of

Psychology 7th Edition Hergenhahn Henley 1133958095

1. The Enlightenment is also referred to as the :

2. The romantic philosophers considered which human characteristic as most important?

4. Who is generally thought to be the father of romanticism?

7. For Rousseau, the only justifiable government was one that:

8. What did Rousseau trust most as a guide for human conduct?

9. Rousseau supported Protestantism because:

11. Rousseau referred to a hypothetical human who is uncontaminated by society as a(n):

12. Which of the following most characterized Rousseau's utopian society?

13. Rousseau's concept of the general will refers to:

15. Rousseau believed that education should:

19. Goethe viewed ____ as the ultimate source of happiness.

20. Goethe viewed science as:

24. According to Schopenhauer, the will to survive causes:

27. Schopenhauer believed that life is best viewed as:

28. Schopenhauer believed that most people cling to life because:

32. Kierkegaard believed that the existence of God:

39. Nietzsche believed that the best life reflects:

41. At the heart of Nietzsche's psychology is the tension between:

42. Nietzsche believed that:

45. Nietzsche's ____ was clearly contrary to Enlightenment philosophy.

49. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche had what in common?

50. What did romanticism and existentialism have in common?

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