Introduction To The Practice of Statistics 9th Edition Moore Test Bank 1

Test Bank for Introduction to the Practice of Statistics 9th
Edition Moore McCabe Craig 1319013384

9781319013387
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1. A phenomenon is observed many, many times under identical conditions. The

proportion of times a particular event A occurs is recorded. What does this proportion
represent?
A) The probability of the event A
B) The distribution of the event A
C) The correlation of the event A
D) The variance of the event A
2. The statistics of a particular basketball player state that he makes 4 out of 5 free-throw
attempts. The basketball player is just about to attempt a free throw. What do you
estimate the probability that the player makes this next free throw to be?
A) 0.16
B) 50-50—either he makes it or he doesn't.
C) 0.80
D) 1.2
3. The statistics of a particular basketball player state that he makes 4 out of 5 free-throw
attempts. During a season, the basketball player makes an average of about 200 free-
throw attempts. On how many of these throws would you estimate he will actually score
a point?
A) 80
B) 100
C) 120
D) 160
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4. A penny is tossed. We observe whether it lands heads up or tails up. Suppose the penny
is a fair coin; that is, the probability of heads is one-half and the probability of tails is
one-half. What does this mean?
A) Every occurrence of a head must be balanced by a tail in one of the next two or
three tosses.
B) If the coin is tossed many, many times, the proportion of tosses that land heads will
be approximately one-half, and this proportion will tend to get closer and closer to
one-half as the number of tosses increases.
C) Regardless of the number of flips, one-half will be heads and one-half tails.
D) All of the above
5. Which of the following best describes what is meant by the probability of the outcome
of a random phenomenon?
A) The count of the short-term occurrences of the outcomes
B) The count of the outcomes of the phenomenon that occur in a haphazard manner
C) The proportion of outcomes that can be expected to be observed during a short
experiment
D) The proportion of times the outcome would occur in a very long series of
repetitions
E) The proportion of repetitions that result in the outcome when an experiment is
conducted about the random phenomenon
6. Which of the following is/are appropriate statements about randomness and/or

probability?
A) A phenomenon is called random if individual outcomes are uncertain, but in a large
number of repetitions, there is a regular distribution of outcomes.
B) The word random in statistics is a description of a kind of order that emerges in the
long run.
C) Probability describes only what happens in the long run.
D) In a small or moderate number of repetitions, the observed proportion of an
outcome can be far from the probability of the outcome.
E) All of the above are appropriate statements.
7. True or False. The probability of an event is defined as the proportion of times an event
occurs occasionally.
A) True
B) False
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8. There is a popular pizza restaurant on campus that many students frequent. One
evening, your college sorority goes to the restaurant to celebrate the end of the semester.
At the end of the evening, you are not feeling well and several of your sorority sisters do
not feel well either. You suspect food poisoning from the restaurant is the culprit.
Suppose your roommate is also sick and ate at the same restaurant on the same day as
you. Would your roommate being sick be an example of a random phenomenon?
A) Yes, because more than one person is sick it must be a random phenomenon.
B) Yes, because you went to a random restaurant on campus.
C) No, since your roommate ate at the same restaurant, it is probably not a random
phenomenon that she is sick.
D) No, everyone at the restaurant would have to be sick for it to be a random
phenomenon.
9. Football is a very popular sport in the United States. The National Football League
(NFL) is composed of 32 teams. Every year there is a football draft where players are
selected for each of the teams. Football players in the United States can make millions
of dollars and must be very good at the sport to make a team. Would being selected for
an NFL team be considered a random phenomenon?
A) Yes, everyone is probably very good at football and would qualify for a team.
B) Yes, there are a large number of teams, which makes this a random phenomenon.
C) No, there are probably certain skill sets necessary for football that owners of teams
are looking for in players.
D) No, if you really want to play football, you can probably join an NFL team.
10. To win the Maryland Powerball® Lottery, you must select your own six numbers to
play. Most people use numbers that are special to them, like anniversary dates or their
children's birth dates. On the day of the lottery, the lottery officials randomly select five
white balls, each with a number somewhere between 1 and 59, and one red Powerball®
with a number somewhere between 1 and 35. You win a prize by matching some or all
of the numbers drawn. Would winning the lottery be an example of a random
phenomenon?
A) Yes, because the numbers drawn are random
B) Yes, because you are selecting your own six numbers to play
C) No, because the numbers you select to play are not random if you choose your
anniversary date or your children's birth dates
D) No, because the numbers drawn are random
11. True or False. For an event to be random (e.g., flipping a coin five times), a cluster of
the same observations (e.g., all heads) would not be possible.
A) True
B) False
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12. You are taking a basic statistics class. On the first exam you score poorly and receive
only 10 out of 100 points. You decide to get a tutor for the next exam and study quite a
bit more. You end up scoring much better and receive 80 out of 100 points. The scores
on your first and second exam are considered _________.
A) independent
B) dependent
13. You decide you want to start a garden and grow tomatoes and cucumbers. After a month
the yield of the tomatoes and cucumbers is quite low. You dig up the plants and start
again in the same plot. However, the next month the yield of the tomatoes and
cucumbers is still quite low. The yield of the tomatoes and cucumbers from month 1 to
month 2 is considered __________.
A) independent
B) dependent
14. There are five upper-level mathematics courses that are required for math majors at a
certain university. You can only pass the last course after you have passed all of the
other four. Passing the last course is considered a(n) ________ event.
A) independent
B) dependent
15. In a certain game you have to guess the number that your opponent writes down on a
sheet of paper. You get five guesses. After each guess, your opponent has to tell you if
your number is too high or too low. Each guess is considered ________ the last guess.
A) independent of
B) dependent on
16. In a certain game you have to guess the number that your opponent writes down on a
sheet of paper. You get five guesses and no additional information is given after each
guess unless it is the correct number. Each guess is considered _______ the last guess.
A) independent of
B) dependent on
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17. Checkers is a board game played between two players, who alternate moves. The board
is square, with sixty-four smaller squares, arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. The
smaller squares are alternately light and dark colored, in the famous "checker-board"
pattern. Each player starts with 12 pieces. You win by capturing all your opponent's
pieces. This is accomplished by jumping over a piece, diagonally, to the adjacent vacant
square beyond the piece. If each player's goal is to win the game, then each move is
considered _________.
A) independent
B) dependent
18. If you have a fair die, what is the expected proportion of rolls that result in a number
greater than 4?
A) 1/6
B) 1/3
C) 2/3
D) 1/2
19. The game of craps starts with a “come-out” roll, in which the shooter rolls a pair of dice.
If the total of the “spots” on the up-faces is 2, 3, or 12, the shooter loses immediately.
What is the proportion of come-out rolls that ends up in an immediate loss for the
shooter?
A) 1/9
B) 1/4
C) 8/9
D) 1/12
20. Which of the following are independent trials?

A) The results of a coin flip after rolling two dice
B) The first character of a license plate and the color of the car
C) The total of two dice after recording the value of the first die rolled
D) A and B
E) All of the above
21. Which of the following define a complete and valid probability model?
A) S = {A, B, C}; P(A) = 1/3, P(B) = 2/3, P(C) = 1
B) S = {H, T}; P(H) = 1/4, P(T) = 3/4
C) S = {W, X, Y, Z}; P(W) = 1/4, P(X) = 1/4, P(Z) = 1/4
D) P(RED) = 1/2, P(BLUE) = 1/2
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22. True or False. A valid probability is either 0 or 1.
A) True
B) False
23. A coin is tossed, and then a six-sided die is rolled. Which of the following defines the
sample space S?
A) S = {H, T}
B) S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
C) S = {H, T, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
D) S = {H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}
24. Suppose you have a perfectly fair 10-sided die, with sample space S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10}. What is the event H, which is defined as any even-numbered roll?
A) H = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B) H = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
C) H = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
D) H = {0 or 1}
8, 9, 10}. What are the probabilities of each possible outcome?
A) All probabilities are equal to 1/2.
B) P(1) = P(2) = P(3) = P(4) = P(5) = P(6) = P(6) = P(7) = P(8) = P(9) = P(10) =
1/10
C) P(1) = P(2) = P(3) = P(4) = P(5) = P(6) = P(6) = P(7) = P(8) = P(9) = P(10) = 1/6
D) None of the above
8, 9, 10}. Now suppose that the 10-sided die is rolled twice in a row. What is the
probability of rolling a 9 on the second roll if a 9 was rolled on the first roll?
A) 9/10
B) 0
C) 1/9
D) 1/10
27. True or False. The second letter of a word in a text message is independent of the first
letter of that word.
A) True
B) False
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28. Suppose that at the Apple iPhone manufacturing plant phones are found to be defective
at a rate of 1 per 100. What is the probability that you and your roommate both order
iPhones and both receive defective merchandise?
A) 0.1
B) 0.0001
C) 0.01
D) This can't be determined until the first phone is inspected.
29. Suppose Team A has a 0.75 probability to win their next game and Team B has a 0.85
probability to win their next game. Assume these events are independent. What is the
probability that both Team A and Team B win?
A) 1.60
B) 0.6375
C) 0.85
D) 0.75
probability that Team A wins and Team B loses?
A) 0.90
B) 0.75
C) 0.15
D) 0.1125
probability that Team A wins exactly two of their next three games?
A) 0.18750
B) 0.140625
C) 0.421875
D) 1.5
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32. The United States has 10 federal holidays. Each holiday and the date of the holiday in
2016 are listed in the table below.
Friday, January 1 New Year's Day

Monday, January 18 Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Monday, February 15 Washington's Birthday
Monday, May 30 Memorial Day
Friday, July 4 Independence Day
Monday, September 5 Labor Day
Monday, October 10 Columbus Day
Friday, November 11 Veterans Day
Thursday, November 24 Thanksgiving Day
Monday, December 26 Christmas Day
Suppose you work for a private company that does not observe all the federal holidays.
What is the sample space for the number of federal holidays that your company might
observe?
A) S = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
B) S = {Jan, Feb, May, Jul, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec}
C) S = {0}
D) S = {10}

What is the sample space for the number of federal holidays?

A) S = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
B) S = {Jan, Feb, May, Jul, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec}
C) S = {0}
D) S = {10}
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You work in Washington, DC, and you are looking forward to enjoying the day off on
the federal holidays. There are high chances of snow in Washington, DC, from
November to March. What is the sample space for the federal holidays that could occur
during a winter snow storm in Washington, DC?
A) S = {Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Oct, Nov, Dec}
B) S = {Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb}
C) S = {Veterans, Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year's, Martin Luther King,
Washington}
D) S = {Veterans, Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year's, Martin Luther King,
Washington, Memorial, Independence, Labor, Columbus}

Suppose your employer only allows you take three of the federal holidays off from
work. What is the sample space for the federal holidays you take off?
A) S = {0, 1, 2, 3}
B) S = {3}
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Suppose you employer allows you to take up to three of the federal holidays off from
work. What is the sample space for the number of federal holidays you take off?
A) S = {0, 1, 2, 3}
B) S = {3}
37. A standard deck of cards has 52 cards. The cards have one of two colors: 26 cards in the
deck are red and 26 are black. The cards have one of four denominations: 13 cards are
hearts (red), 13 cards are diamonds (red), 13 cards are clubs (black), and 13 cards are
spades (black). One card is selected at random and the denomination is recorded.
Which of the following is the correct sample space S for the set of possible outcomes?
A) S = {red, black}
B) S = {red, red, black, black}
C) S = {hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades}
D) S = {red, black, hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades}
spades (black). Two cards are selected at random and the color is recorded. Which of
the following is the correct sample space S for the set of possible outcomes?
A) S = {red, black}
B) S = {(red, red), (red, black), (black, red), (black, black)}
C) S = {0, 1, 2}
D) S = {red, black, hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades}
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spades (black). Two cards are selected at random and the denomination is recorded.
The event H is defined as the event that the first card is hearts. Which of the following
correctly defines event H?
A) H = {diamonds, clubs, spades}
B) H = {hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades}
C) H = {(hearts, diamonds), (hearts, clubs), (hearts, spades)}
D) H = {(hearts, diamonds), (hearts, clubs), (hearts, spades), (hearts, hearts)}
spades (black). Two cards are selected at random and the denomination is recorded.
The event D is defined as the event that the first card is diamonds and the second card is
red. Which of the following correctly defines event DC?
A) DC = {(diamonds, clubs), (diamonds, spades)}
B) DC = {(hearts, clubs), (hearts, spades)}
C) DC = {(hearts, clubs), (hearts, spades), (spades, clubs), (spades, spades), (clubs,
clubs), (clubs, spades)}
spades (black). Two cards are selected at random. Event C is defined as the event that
the first card is clubs, event R as the event that the first card is red, and event B as the
event that the second card is black. Which events are disjoint?
A) R and B only
B) R and C only
C) R and B and R and C, but not B and C
D) None of the events are disjoint.
42. Suppose we roll a red die and a green die. Let R be the event that the number of spots
showing on the red die is three or less, and G be the event that the number of spots
showing on the green die is more than three. The events R and G are _________.
A) disjoint
B) complements
C) independent
D) reciprocals
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43. If you draw an M&M candy at random from a bag of the candies, the candy you draw
will have one of six colors. The probability of drawing each color depends on the
proportion of each color among all candies made. Assume the table below gives the
probabilities for the color of a randomly chosen M&M.
Color Brown Red Yellow Green Orange Blue

Probability 0.3 0.3 ? 0.1 0.1 0.1
What is the probability of drawing a yellow candy?

A) 0.1
B) 0.2
C) 0.3
D) This is impossible to determine from the information given.

Probability 0.3 0.3 ? 0.1 0.1 0.1
What is the probability of not drawing a red candy?

A) 0.3
B) 0.6
C) 0.7
D) 0.9

Probability 0.3 0.3 ? 0.1 0.1 0.1
What is the probability that you draw neither a brown nor a green candy?
A) 0.3
B) 0.6
C) 0.7
D) 0.9
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Probability 0.3 0.3 ? 0.1 0.1 0.1
If you select two M&M's and the colors are independent, then what is the probability
that both are the same color?
A) 0.01
B) 0.09
C) 0.22
D) 0.25
47. Event A occurs with probability 0.2. Event B occurs with probability 0.8. If A and B are
disjoint (mutually exclusive), then _________.
A) P(A and B) = 0.16
B) P(A or B) = 1.0
C) P(A and B) = 1.0
D) P(A or B) = 0.16
48. Suppose a fair coin is flipped twice and the number of heads is counted. Which of the
following is a valid probability model for the number of heads observed in two flips?
A)
B)
C)
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49. Belgium has two official languages: French and Dutch. Assume that about 60% of the
people speak Dutch and 40% of the people speak French. Define the event A as the
event that two randomly selected Belgians speak the same language. What is the
complement of event A?
A) 0.48
B) 0.52
C) {Dutch, French}
D) {(Dutch, French), (French, Dutch)}
50. Ignoring twins and other multiple births, assume babies born at a hospital are
independent events with the probability that a baby is a boy and the probability that a
baby is a girl both equal to 0.5. What is the probability that the next three babies are of
the same sex?
A) 0.125
B) 0.250
C) 0.375
D) 0.500
baby is a girl both equal to 0.5. Define events A = {the next two babies are boys} and
B = {at least one of the next two babies is a boy}. What do we know about events A and
B?
A) They are disjoint.
B) They are complements.
C) They are independent.
baby is a girl both equal to 0.5. Define event B = {at least one of the next two babies is
a boy}. What is the probability of the complement of event B?
A) 0.125
B) 0.250
C) 0.375
D) 0.500
Page 14
baby is a girl both equal to 0.5. What is the probability that at least one of the next
three babies is a boy?
A) 0.125
B) 0.333
C) 0.750
D) 0.875
54. At the end of a production run manufacturing rubber gaskets, items are sampled at
random and inspected to determine if the item is acceptable (A) or defective (D).
Suppose it is planned to select two items and determine if each is either A or D. What
is the sample space S of the outcomes?
A) S = {A or D}
B) S = {AA, DD}
C) S = {AA, AD, DA, DD}
D) This depends upon the assignment of probability to the outcomes of the sampling.
E) This can't be determined until the sample of two items has been collected.
55. At the end of a production run manufacturing rubber gaskets, items are sampled at
random and inspected to determine if the item is acceptable (A) or defective (D).
Suppose it is planned to select two items and determine if each is either A or D. Which
set of outcomes describes the event that at least one of the items selected is defective?
A) {AA, AD, DD}
B) {AD, DA, DD}
C) {DD}
D) {AA, AD, DA}
E) {AA, DD}
Page 15
56. A study was conducted in a large population of adults concerning eyeglasses for
correcting reading vision. Based on an examination by a qualified professional, the
individuals were judged as to whether or not they needed to wear glasses for reading. In
addition it was determined whether or not they were currently using glasses for reading.
The following table provides the proportions found in the study.
Used glasses for

reading
Yes No
Judged to need Yes 0.42 0.18
glasses No 0.04 0.36
If a single adult is selected at random from this large population, what is the probability
that the adult is judged to need eyeglasses for reading?
A) 0.46
B) 0.42
C) 0.78
D) 0.60
E) 0.40
Used glasses for

reading
Yes No
What is the probability that a selected adult is judged to need eyeglasses but does not
use them for reading?
A) 0.42
B) 0.18
C) 0.54
D) 0.60
E) 0.36
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Used glasses for

reading
Yes No
Suppose two adults are selected from the population independently and at random. What
is the probability that both were judged to need eyeglasses and neither was using them
for reading?
A) 0.36
B) 0.1296
C) 0.0324
D) 0.9216
E) 0.18
59. Suppose that A and B are two independent events. The probability that event A occurs is
P(A) = 0.4 and that B occurs is P(B) = 0.2. What is the probability that A does not occur
and that B also does not occur?
A) 0.92
B) 0.40
C) 0.60
D) 0.08
E) 0.48
60. True or False. A valid probability is any number between –1 and 1.

A) True
B) False
61. True or False. In a probability model, all possible outcomes together must have a
probability of 1.
A) True
B) False
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62. If two events have no outcomes in common, then those two events are ________.
A) independent
B) disjoint
63. True or False. Two events are considered independent if the outcome of one does not
influence the outcome of the other.
A) True
B) False
64. What is the sample space for the number of text messages the average teenager sends
per month?
65. What is the sample space for the number of hours per week the average teenager spends
on the Internet?
66. On the first day of class, a professor asks each student what country they are from
originally. What is the sample space?
67. The Dallas Cowboys are a team that is part of the National Football League. What is the
sample space for the outcome of their next game against the Green Bay Packers?
68. You decide to visit the health center to be tested for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
What is the sample space that represents your possible result?
69. If S is a sample space, then P(S) = ___.

A) 1
B) 0
C) .5
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70. Suppose you have two math classes (math 1 and math 2) and two sciences courses
(science 1 and science 2) that you must complete before your sophomore year in
college. Assume your college is on a semester system and there are two semesters in
each year. What is the sample space for the number of required math classes you take
during your freshman year?
A) S = {math 1, math 2}
B) S = {0, 1, 2}
C) S =
each year. Suppose you are only allowed to take one of the required courses during the
first semester of your freshman year. What is the sample space for the course you take?
A) S = {math 1, math 2, science 1, science 2}
B) S = {0, 1}
C) S = {1}
D) S = {math 1 and math 2, science 1 and science 2}
each year. Suppose you are required to take at least one of the science courses during
your freshman year. What is the event A of required science courses you could take the
first semester of your freshman year?
A) A = {math 1, math 2, science 1, science 2}
B) A = {science 1, science 2, science 1 and science 2}
C) A = {1}
D) A = {1, 2}
Page 19
each year. Suppose you are required to take exactly one of the science courses and
exactly one of the math courses during your sophomore year. What is the event A of
required math and science courses you could take the first semester of your sophomore
year?
A) A = {math 1, math 2, science 1, science 2}
B) A = {math 1 and science 1, math 1 and science 2, math 2 and science 1, math 2 and
science 2}
C) A = {1, 1}
D) A = {1, 2}
each year. Suppose during your freshman year you can only take all math classes or all
science classes. What is the event A of classes you take your freshman year?
A) A = {math 1, math 2, math 1 and math 2, science 1, science 2, science 1 and
science 2}
B) A = {math 1 and science 1, math 2 and science 2}
C) A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
75. True or False. A probability histogram can only be used for continuous random
variables.
A) True
B) False
76. On a college campus in the northeast there are approximately 3000 students. On average
there are approximately 50 classes being offered simultaneously on a given day. The
number of registered students who are absent from the class is an example of a _______.
A) discrete random variable
B) continuous random variable
77. In the United States the month of April generally has the highest amount of rainfall.
Suppose the amount of rainfall from 2000 to 2013 was recorded. The amount of rainfall
that fell in the month of April of each of these years is an example of a _______.
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78. Students in a basic statistics class are allowed to take as much time as needed on their
final exam. The exact amount of time it takes each student to finish the final exam is an
example of a _________.
79. Probability distributions can be visualized graphically using a _______ for discrete
random variables.
A) probability histogram
B) density curve
C) Q-Q plot
D) scatterplot
80. Probability distributions can be visualized graphically using a _______ for continuous
random variables.
A) probability histogram
B) density curve
C) Q-Q plot
D) scatterplot
81. True or False. Thirty random students are selected and asked questions about their
favorite type of car. All the colors of their favorite car are an example of a discrete
random variable.
A) True
B) False
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82. What is the area of the red shaded region? (The figure below is a standard Normal
probability distribution.)
A) .5
B) 0
C) 1
83. What is the probability Z = 0? (The figure below is a standard Normal probability
distribution.)
A) .5
B) 0
C) 1
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84. What is the probability 0 < Z < .5? (The figure below is a standard Normal probability
distribution.)
A) .691
B) .5
C) 0
85. Is the probability Z > 1 the same as the probability that Z  1? (The figure below is a
standard Normal probability distribution.)
A) Yes
B) No
86. The number of songs on your computer is an example of a ______ random variable.
A) discrete
B) continuous
C) categorical
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87. The amount of time it takes you to complete an exam in a statistics course is an example
of a _______ random variable.
A) discrete
B) continuous
C) categorical
88. The number of hours of sleep you had last night is an example of a ______ random
variable.
A) discrete
B) continuous
C) categorical
89. Normal distributions represent _______ random variables.

A) discrete
B) continuous
C) None of the above
90. The amount of text messages teenagers send per month is an example of a ______
random variable.
A) discrete
B) continuous
91. The amount of snow each county in the United States received last year is an example of
a _______ random variable.
A) discrete
B) continuous
92. True or False. A density curve describes the probability distribution of a discrete
random variable.
A) True
B) False
93. True or False. A probability histogram describes the probability distribution of a

discrete random variable.
A) True
B) False
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94. The probability distribution of random variable X is defined as follows.
X 0 1 2 3 4
Probability 0 .3 .1 .3 .3
Is the above a valid probability model?

A) Yes
B) No
X 0 1 2 3 4
The table above describes a random variable that is ______.

A) discrete
B) continuous
C) both discrete and continuous
X 0 1 2 3 4
Fill in the blank. The expected value of the probability distribution is _______.
X 0 1 2 3 4
Fill in the blank. The P(X = 0) = _______.
X 0 1 2 3 4
The P(X = .3) =
Page 25
X 0 1 2 3 4
The P(X < 4) =
X 0 1 2 3 4
The P(X > 0) =
X 0 1 2 3 4
The P(X = 5) =
102. Fill in the blank. The total area under any density curve is ____.
Page 26
103. Consider the following probability histogram for a discrete random variable X.
This probability histogram corresponds to which of the following distributions for X?

A)
B)
C)
Page 27
What is the P(X = 3)?

A) 0
B) 0.20
C) 0.25
D) 0.30
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What is P(X < 3)?

A) 0.10
B) 0.25
C) 0.35
D) 0.65
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What is P(X  3)?

A) 0.10
B) 0.25
C) 0.35
D) 0.65
107. The probability density of a continuous random variable X is given in the figure below.
Based on this density, what is the probability that X is between 0.5 and 1.5?
A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 3/4
D) 1
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What is the P(X = 1.5)?

A) 0
B) 1/4
C) 1/3
D) 1/2
109. What is the P(X > 1.5)?

A) 0
B) 1/4
C) 1/3
D) 1/2
What is the P(X  1.5)?

A) 0
B) 1/4
C) 1/3
D) 1/2
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111. Suppose X is a continuous random variable taking values between 0 and 2 and having
the probability density function below.
0
0 1 2 X
What is P(1  X  2)?
A) 0.50
B) 0.33
C) 0.25
D) 0.00
112. Let the random variable X represent the profit made on a randomly selected day by a
small clothing store on Main Street. Assume X is Normal with a mean of $360 and a
standard deviation of $50. What is P(X > $400)?
A) 0.2119
B) 0.2881
C) 0.7881
D) 0.8450
113. Let the random variable X represent the profit made on a randomly selected day by a
small clothing store on Main Street. Assume X is Normal with a mean of $360 and a
standard deviation of $50. The probability is approximately 0.6 that on a randomly
selected day the store will make less than how much?
A) $0.30
B) $347.40
C) $361.30
D) $372.60
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114. Bicycles arrive at a bike shop as parts in a box. Before they can be sold, they must be
unpacked and assembled. Based on past experience, the bike shop owner knows that
assembly times follow (roughly) a Normal distribution with a mean of 25 minutes and a
standard deviation of 3 minutes. A customer walks into the bike shop and wishes to buy
a bike like the one in the window but in a different color. The shop has one, but it is still
in the box, so it will need to be assembled. What is the probability that the bike will be
ready within a half hour?
A) 0.0478
B) 0.1587
C) 0.8413
D) 0.9522
115. The American Veterinary Association claims that the annual cost of medical care for
dogs averages $100 with a standard deviation of $30. The cost for cats averages $120
with a standard deviation of $35. Some basic algebraic and statistical steps show us that
the average of the difference in the cost of medical care for dogs and cats is then $100 –
$120 = –$20. The standard deviation of that same difference equals $46. If the
difference in costs follows a Normal distribution, what is the probability that the cost for
someone's dog is higher than for the cat?
A) 0.2839
B) 0.3319
C) 0.6618
D) 0.7161
116. Consider the following three scenarios and determine if the random variable described
in each is either discrete or continuous.
I. The increase in length of life of a cancer patient following chemotherapy
II. The volume of gasoline lost due to evaporation during the filling of a gas tank
III. The number of cracks that exceed 1.5 centimeters in 10 kilometers of a major
highway
The random variables in scenarios I, II, and III, respectively, are
A) continuous, discrete, and discrete.
B) continuous, continuous, and discrete.
C) continuous, continuous, and continuous.
D) discrete, continuous, and discrete.
E) discrete, discrete, and continuous.
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117. The following table describes the probability distribution for the random variable X that
counts the number of times a customer visits a grocery store in a 1-week period.
Visits 0 1 2 3 4 or more
P(Visits) 0.1 0.25 0.3 ? 0.1
The value of the entry in the table for 3 visits should be _________.
A) 0.2
B) 0.55
C) 0.75
D) 0.25
E) 0.35
118. Consider the following distribution of values for a discrete variable X.

X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 0.2 U 0.3 0.2 0.4
What value of U will make this a proper probability distribution?
A) 0.1
B) 0.25
C) –0.1
D) 0
E) There is no value for U that will make this a probability distribution of a discrete
random variable.
119. Consider the following probability distribution for a discrete random variable X.
X 3 4 5 6 7
P(X = x) 0.15 0.10 0.20 0.25 0.3
What is the P{X  5.5}?
A) 0.45
B) 0.75
C) 0.20
D) 0
E) This can't be determined because X is discrete and can't take on the value 5.5.
120. Suppose that the random variable X is continuous and takes its values uniformly over
the interval from 0 to 2. What is the value of the probability P{X  0.4 or X > 1.2}?
A) 0.40
B) 0.20
C) 0.60
D) 0.80
E) 0.50
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121. Suppose that the random variable X is continuous and takes its values uniformly over
the interval from 0 to 2. What is P{X = 1.5 or X = 0.4}?
A) 0.75
B) 0.25
C) 0.20
D) 0.80
E) 0
122. It has been established that the length of gestation until birth for pregnant women is a
random variable that is well modeled by the Normal distribution with a mean of  = 282
days and standard deviation of  = 11 days. What is the probability that a randomly
selected pregnant woman will give birth after 290 days?
A) 0.233
B) 0.794
C) 0.206
D) 0.727
E) Not within ± 0.001 of any of the above
123. It has been established that the length of gestation until birth for pregnant women is a
random variable that is well modeled by the Normal distribution with a mean of  = 282
days and standard deviation of  = 11 days. Births with gestation time of 258 days or
less are considered to be premature births. What is the probability that a randomly
selected pregnant woman will give birth to a premature baby?
A) 0.2182
B) 0.0146
C) 0.0018
D) 0.0183
E) Not within ± 0.001 of any of the above
Page 35
124. Suppose there are three balls in a box. On one of the balls is the number 1, on another is
the number 2, and on the third is the number 3. You select two balls at random and
without replacement from the box and note the two numbers observed. The sample
space S consists of the three equally likely outcomes {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)} (disregarding
order). Let X be the sum of the two balls selected. Which of the following is the correct
distribution for X?
A)
B)
C)
D)
order). Let X be the sum of the two balls selected. What is the probability that the sum
is at least 4?
A) 0
B) 1/3
C) 2/3
D) 1
order). Let X be the sum of the two balls selected. What is the mean of X?
A) 2.0
B) 2.33
C) 4.0
D) 4.33
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127. Let the random variable X be the number of repair calls that an appliance repair shop
may receive during an hour. The distribution of X is given below.
Value of X 0 1 2 3 4
Probability 0.3 0.12 0.18 0.2
What is the value of the missing probability?

A) 2
B) 0.2
C) 0.02
D) 0.3
Probability 0.3 0.12 0.18 0.2
What is the probability that the repair shop receives at least three repair calls during an
hour?
A) 0.18
B) 0.2
C) 0.38
D) 0.8
Probability 0.3 0.12 0.18 0.2
What is the expected number of repair calls during an hour?

A) One call per hour
B) 1.88 calls per hour
C) Two calls per hour
D) More than two calls per hour
Page 37
130. The Department of Animal Regulations released information on pet ownership for the
population consisting of all households in a particular county. Let the random variable X
= the number of licensed dogs per household. The distribution for the random variable X
is given below.
Value of X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Probability 0.52 0.22 0.13 0.03 0.01
The probability for X = 3 is missing. What is it?

A) 0.07
B) 0.09
C) 0.1
D) 0.0
is given below.
Value of X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Probability 0.52 0.22 0.13 0.03 0.01
What is the probability that a randomly selected household from this community owns
at least one licensed dog?
A) 0.22
B) 0.26
C) 0.48
D) 0.52
is given below.
Value of X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Probability 0.52 0.22 0.13 0.03 0.01
What is the average number of licensed dogs per household in this county?
A) 0 dogs
B) 0.92 dogs
C) 1 dog
D) 1.22 dogs
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133. Andy has a toy garage that is supposed to have four cars in it. According to Andy,
X = the number of cars that are actually in the garage at any given time follows the
following distribution.
Probability 0.90 0.05 0.03 0.02 0
According to this model, what is the average number of cars that are in the garage at any
given time?
A) 3 cars
B) 3.83 cars
C) 3.92 cars
D) 4 cars
134. Suppose that a college determines the following distribution for X = number of courses
taken by a full-time student this semester.
Value of X 3 4 5 6
Probability 0.07 0.25 0.28
The probability for X = 4 is missing. What is it?

A) 0.07
B) 0.25
C) 0.40
D) 0.50
Value of X 3 4 5 6
What is the average number of courses full-time students at this college take this
semester?
A) 4 classes
B) 4.26 classes
C) 4.74 classes
D) 5 classes
Page 39
Value of X 3 4 5 6
What is the standard deviation of the number of courses full-time students at this college
take this semester?
A) 0.89 classes
B) 0.94 classes
C) 1 class
D) 23.36 classes
Value of X 3 4 5 6
What is P(X > 4.74)?

A) 0.25
B) 0.28
C) 0.53
D) This is impossible to calculate, because X cannot be 4.74.
138. A commuter must pass through five traffic lights on her way to work, and she will have
to stop at each one that is red. Let X = the number of red lights she stops at on her way
to work. She estimates the distribution for X to be as shown below.
Probability 0.40 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.05
On average, how many traffic lights does the commuter hit on her way to work? Include
the appropriate symbol and units in your answer.
A)  = 2.2 lights
B)  = 2 lights
C) x = 2.2 lights
D) x = 2 lights
Page 40
139. A commuter must pass through five traffic lights on her way to work, and she will have
to stop at each one that is red. Let X = the number of red lights she stops at on her way
to work. She estimates the distribution for X to be as shown below.
Probability 0.40 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.05
The standard deviation of the number of lights the commuter hits on her way to work
equals 1.25. What are the appropriate symbol and units for this standard deviation?
A) s = 1.25 lights
B)  = 1.25 lights
C)  = 1.25 lights2
D)  2 = 1.25 lights2
140. The weight of medium-sized tomatoes selected at random from a bin at the local
supermarket is a random variable with a mean of  = 10 ounces and a standard deviation
of  = 1 ounces. Suppose we pick four tomatoes from the bin at random and put them
in a bag. Define the random variable Y = the weight of the bag containing the four
tomatoes. What is the mean of the random variable Y?
A) Y = 2.5 ounces
B) Y = 4 ounces
C) Y = 10 ounces
D) Y = 40 ounces
of  = 1 ounces. Suppose we pick four tomatoes from the bin at random and put them
in a bag. Define the random variable Y = the weight of the bag containing the four
tomatoes. What is the standard deviation of the random variable Y?
A) Y = 0.50 ounces
B) Y = 1.0 ounces
C) Y = 2.0 ounces
D) Y = 4.0 ounces
Page 41
of  = 1 ounces. Let the random variable W = the weight of the tomatoes in pounds (1
pound = 16 ounces). What is the standard deviation of the random variable W?
A) W = 116 pound
B) W = 1 pound
C) W = 16 pounds
D) W = 256 pounds
of  = 1 ounces. Suppose we pick two tomatoes at random from the bin. Let the
random variable V = the difference in the weights of the two tomatoes selected (the
weight of the first tomato minus the weight of the second tomato). What is the standard
deviation of the random variable V?
A) V = 0.00 ounces
B) V = 1.00 ounces
C) V = 1.41 ounces
D) V = 2.00 ounces
144. A small store keeps track of X = the number of customers who make a purchase during
the first hour that the store is open each day. Based on the records, X has the following
probability distribution.
Probability 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6
What is the mean number of customers who make a purchase during the first hour that
the store is open?
A) 2.0
B) 2.5
C) 3.0
D) 4.0
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Probability 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6
What is the standard deviation of the number of customers who make a purchase during
the first hour that the store is open?
A) 1.4
B) 2.0
C) 3.0
D) 4.0
Probability 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6
Suppose the store is open 7 days per week from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. What is the mean
number of customers who make a purchase during the first hour that the store is open
during a 1-week period?
A) 3.0
B) 9.0
C) 21.0
D) 28.0
147. When figure skaters need to find a partner for pair figure skating, it is important to find
a partner who is compatible in weight. The weight of figure skaters can be modeled by a
Normal distribution. For male skaters, the mean is 170 pounds with a standard deviation
of 10 pounds. For female skaters, the mean is 110 pounds with a standard deviation of 5
pounds. Let the random variable X = the weight of female skaters, and the random
variable Y = the weight of male skaters. What is P(X < 100)?
A) 0
B) 0.0228
C) 0.1587
D) 0.9772
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variable Y = the weight of male skaters. Approximately 90% of the male skaters weigh
more than how many pounds?
A) 157 pounds
B) 163.5 pounds
C) 176.5 pounds
D) 183 pounds
variable Y = the weight of male skaters. The weight of a pair of figure skaters (a male
and a female) can be thought of as a new random variable. Let the random variable W =
X + Y. What is the mean of this new random variable W?
A) W = 110 pounds
B) W = 140 pounds
C) W = 170 pounds
D) W = 280 pounds
variable Y = the weight of male skaters. Suppose we consider the weights of the male
partner and the female partner to be independent. What is the standard deviation of the
random variable W?
A) W = 3.87 pounds
B) W = 11.18 pounds
C) W = 14.21 pounds
D) W = 15 pounds
Page 44
variable Y = the weight of male skaters. It does not seem likely that the weights of the
male partner and the female partner would be independent. If the correlation  between
X and Y equals 0.77, what is the standard deviation of the random variable W?
A) W = 6.93 pounds
B) W = 11.18 pounds
C) W = 14.21 pounds
D) W = 15 pounds
152. It is estimated that chemotherapy is successful 70% of the time in curing a particular
type of cancer. Suppose that four patients with the given type of cancer are treated, and
let X be the number of them that are successfully cured.
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 0.01 0.08 0.27 0.40 0.24
What is the expected value of the number of patients that will be cured?
A) 3
B) 2
C) 0.2
D) 2.78
E) 2.5
153. The following is the probability distribution for a discrete random variable X for which
the mean  = 2.5.
X 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
What is the standard deviation of the random variable X?

A) 1.05
B) 1.58
C) 1.025
D) 0.96
E) 0.98
Page 45
154. A discrete random variable X has a mean of  = 15 and a standard deviation of  = 4.
The constant value 8 is added to X to create a new variable Y (i.e., Y = X + 8).
What is the expected value of Y?
A) 15
B) 12
C) 23
D) 16
E) This can't be determined without knowing the probability distribution of X and Y.
155. A random variable X has a mean of  = 9 and a standard deviation of  = 2. The random
variable X is multiplied by the constant 3 to create a new variable Y (i.e., Y = 3X).
What is the variance of Y?
A) 36
B) 12
C) 27
D) 6
E) This can't be determined with the information provided.
156. Let X be a random variable with means of X = 25 and X = 6, and let Y be a random
variable with means of Y = 30 and Y = 4. It is known that X and Y are independent
random variables. Suppose the random variables X and Y are added together to create
new random variable W (i.e., W = X + Y). What is the standard deviation of W?
A) W = 7.2
B) W = 100
C) W = 10
D) W = 52
E) This can't be determined with the information provided.
157. Let X be a random variable with means of X = 25 and X = 6, and let Y be a random
variable with means of Y = 30 and Y = 4. It is known that X and Y are independent
random variables. Suppose the random variable Y is subtracted from X so that a new
random variable U is created (i.e., U = X – Y). What is the standard deviation of U?
A) U = 2
B) U = 20
C) U = 7.2
D) U = 52
E) None of the above
Page 46
158. Suppose we have two independent random variables X and Y. Which of the following
statements about X and Y is FALSE?
A) The mean of X + Y is the sum of their means.
B) The variance of X + Y is the sum of their variances.
C) The correlation between X and Y is zero.
D) The variance of the difference of X – Y is the difference of their variances.
E) The mean of the difference of X – Y is the difference of their means.
159. How many trials are needed before the mean of trials is close to the actual mean  by
the law of large numbers?
A) 10
B) About 20
C) About 50
D) It will depend.
160. The number of trials needed for the mean of the trials to reach the actual mean  by the
law of large numbers will depend on the _______.
A) variability of the random outcomes
B) value of the mean
C) residuals
161. Suppose X is a random variable with a mean of 10 and a variance of 100. Suppose Y is a
random variable with a mean of 2 and a standard deviation of 16. Also, suppose X and Y
are independent. What is the mean of X + Y?
A) 12
B) 104
C) 2
are independent. What is the mean of 10X + 3Y?
A) 106
B) 12
C) 13
Page 47
are independent. What is the correlation between X and Y?
A) 1
B) 0
C) 10
are independent. What the variance of 5X – 2Y?
A) 116
B) 1012
C) 3524
are independent. What is the variance of –2X?
A) 400
B) –400
C) –200
Page 48
166. Assume the numbers in the diagram correspond to an area, A, in the bounded region in
which they are contained.
What numbers make up the union of the circle, triangle, and square?
A) All the numbers
B) 7, 4, 6
C) 4
Page 49
What numbers make up the intersection of the circle, triangle, and square?
A) All the numbers
B) 7, 4, 6
C) 4
True or False. The circle, square, and triangle are disjoint.

A) True
B) False
Page 50
What numbers make up the complement of the triangle?

A) All the numbers
B) 7, 4, 6
C) 4
Page 51
Assume we have probabilities associated with each numbered region. What numbered
regions would be used to calculate P(Circle) + P(Square)?
A) All of the numbers
B) 7, 4, 6
C) All of the numbers except the number 1
171. Which of the following is not a general rule for elementary probability for events A and
B?
A) P(A) < 1 for any event A
B) P(Ac) = 1 – P(A)
C) P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)
D) All of the above are general rules for elementary probability.
172. A useful tool to help with probability calculations is a ________.

A) boxplot
B) tree diagram
C) Bayes diagram
Page 52
173. In a basic statistics class at a private university there are 24 students. The professor
decides to call one student's name at random and have that student come to the front of
the class and explain the material taught in last week's lecture. Unfortunately, you
missed class all last week and do not want to be called upon. Therefore, you are
interested in determining the probability your name will be called. What is the event
A?
A) A is the event your name is called.
B) A is the event your name is not called.
C) A is the event that represents all 24 students in the class.
interested in determining the probability your name will be called. What is the
probability that you are called?
A) 23/24
B) 0
C) 1/24
interested in determining the probability your name will be called. What is the
complement of the event A, (i.e., Ac)?
A) Your name is called.
B) Your name is not called.
C) All 24 students are called.
Page 53
interested in determining the probability your name will be called. What is the sample
space?
A) Your name
B) All the students names except your name
C) All the students names
177. Suppose that A and B are two independent events with P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.3.
What is P(A and B)?
A) 0.09
B) 0.51
C) 0.52
D) 0.60
What is P(A or B)?
A) 0.09
B) 0.51
C) 0.52
D) 0.60
What is P(A and Bc)?
A) 0.09
B) 0.21
C) 0.49
D) 0.60
What is P(Ac or Bc)?
A) 0.40
B) 0.49
C) 0.91
D) 1.40
Page 54
181. A system has two components that operate in parallel, as shown in the diagram below.
Because the components operate in parallel, at least one of the components must
function properly if the system is to work properly. The probabilities of failures for the
components 1 and 2 during a particular period of operation are 0.20 and 0.03,
respectively. Let F denote the event that component 1 fails during this period of
operation and G denote the event that component 2 fails during this period of operation.
The component failures are assumed to be independent.
1
Input Output
Which event corresponds to the event that the above system fails during this particular
period of operation?
A) F and G
B) F or G
C) Fc and Gc
D) Fc or Gc
1
Input Output
Which event corresponds to the event that the above system operates properly during
this particular period of operation?
A) F and G
B) F or G
C) Fc and Gc
D) Fc or Gc
Page 55
1
Input Output
What is the probability that the system functions properly during this particular period
of operation?
A) 0.776
B) 0.940
C) 0.970
D) 0.994
1
Input Output
What is the probability that the system fails during this particular period of operation?
A) 0.006
B) 0.060
C) 0.224
D) 0.230
Page 56
185. In a large city 72% of the people are known to own a cell phone, 38% are known to own
a pager, and 29% own both a cell phone and a pager. What proportion of people in this
large city own either a cell phone or a pager?
A) 0.29
B) 0.67
C) 0.81
D) 1.1
a pager, and 29% own both a cell phone and a pager. What is the probability that a
randomly selected person from this city owns a pager, given that the person owns a cell
phone?
A) 0.266
B) 0.38
C) 0.403
D) 0.528
a pager, and 29% own both a cell phone and a pager. Are the events “owns a pager”
and “owns a cell phone” independent?
A) Yes
B) No, because P(owns a pager) and P(owns a cell phone) are not equal
C) No, because P(owns a pager) and P(owns a pager|owns a cell phone) are not equal
D) This cannot be determined.
188. Consider two events: E and F. We know that P(E) = P(F) = 0.7. Are the two events E
and F disjoint?
A) Yes
B) No, because P(E) and P(F) are equal
C) No, because P(E and F) is unknown
D) No, because P(E) and P(F) add up to more than 1
189. Consider two events: E and F. We know that P(E) = P(F) = 0.7. If E and F were
known to be independent, what is the probability that they occur simultaneously, i.e.,
what is P(E and F)?
A) 0.49
B) 0.7
C) 0.91
D) 1.4
Page 57
190. Consider two events: E and F. We know that P(E) = P(F) = 0.7. If E and F were
known to be independent, what is the probability that at least one of them occurs, i.e.,
what is P(E or F)?
A) 0.49
B) 0.7
C) 0.91
D) 1.4
191. Consider two events: E and F. We know that P(E) = P(F) = 0.7. Suppose we know that
P(F|E) = 0.9. What is the probability that at least one of them occurs, i.e., what is P(E or
F)?
A) 0.50
B) 0.77
C) 0.90
D) 1.33
192. Consider two events: E and F. We know that P(E) = P(F) = 0.7. Suppose we know that
P(F|E) = 0.9. What is P(E|F)?
A) 0.5
B) 0.7
C) 0.9
D) 1.0
193. Bob has recently been hired by a shop downtown to help customers with various
computer-related problems. Lately, two different viruses have been bugging many
customers: Dummy and Smarty. It is estimated that about 65% of the customers with
virus problems are bothered by Dummy and the remaining 35% by Smarty. If the
computer is infected by Dummy, Bob has a 90% chance of fixing the problem.
However, if the computer is infected by Smarty, this chance is only 70%.
A virus-infected computer is randomly selected from the shop. It is infected with
Dummy. What is the probability that it cannot be fixed by Bob?
A) 0.10
B) 0.30
C) 0.35
D) 0.65
Page 58
However, if the computer is infected by Smarty, this chance is only 70%. A virus-
infected computer is randomly selected from the shop. What is the probability that it is
infected with Dummy and cannot be fixed by Bob?
A) 0.065
B) 0.315
C) 0.455
D) 0.585
However, if the computer is infected by Smarty, this chance is only 70%. If a virus-
infected computer is randomly selected from the shop, what is the probability that it can
be fixed by Bob?
A) 0.77
B) 0.80
C) 0.83
D) 0.92
However, if the computer is infected by Smarty, this chance is only 70%. If a virus-
infected computer is randomly selected from the shop, and we know it was fixed by
Bob, what is the probability that it was infected with Dummy?
A) 0.078
B) 0.650
C) 0.705
D) 0.783
Page 59
197. The table below shows the political affiliations of 1000 randomly selected American
voters and their positions on the school of choice program.
Political party
Position Democrat Republican Other
Favor 260 120 240
Oppose 40 240 100
Let the event D = {voter is a Democrat}, R = {voter is a Republican}, and F = {voter

favors the school of choice program}. For each of the following questions, write the
probability in symbols (e.g., P(D)) and calculate the probability.
What is the probability that a randomly selected voter favors the school of choice
program?
A) P(F) = 0.30
B) P(F) = 0.36
C) P(F) = 0.38
D) P(F) = 0.62
Political party
Favor 260 120 240
Oppose 40 240 100

What is the probability that a randomly selected Republican favors the school of choice
program?
A) P(F|R) = 0.12
B) P(R|F) = 0.19
C) P(F|R) = 0.33
D) P(R|F) = 0.36
Page 60
Political party
Favor 260 120 240
Oppose 40 240 100

What is the probability that a randomly selected voter who favors the school of choice
program is a Democrat?
A) P(D|F) = 0.26
B) P(D|F) = 0.42
C) P(F|D) = 0.48
D) P(F|D) = 0.87
Political party
Favor 260 120 240
Oppose 40 240 100

A candidate thinks she has a good chance of gaining the votes of anyone who is a
Democrat or who is in favor of the school of choice program. What proportion of the
1000 voters is that?
A) P(D or F) = 0.26
B) P(D and F) = 0.65
C) P(D or F) = 0.66
D) P(D|F) = 0.92
Page 61
201. A shipment of computers received by a retailer consisted of the following configurations
of hard drives with 80 or 120 gigabyte, and with 2 or 4 gigabytes of memory.
Hard drive
Memory 80 GB 120 GB
2 GB 15 55
4 GB 10 20
A single computer is selected at random from the shipment.
Let A be the event that the computer has a hard drive with 80 gigabytes.
Let B be the event that the computer has a hard drive with 120 gigabytes.
Let C be the event that the computer has 2 gigabytes of memory.
Let D be the event that the computer has 4 gigabytes of memory.
What is the P(B and C)?

A) 0.53
B) 0.93
C) 0.55
D) 0.20
E) 0.15

Hard drive
Memory 80 GB 120 GB
2 GB 15 55
4 GB 10 20
What is the conditional probability P(C|B)?

A) 0.70
B) 0.73
C) 0.60
D) 0.33
E) 0.25
Page 62
Hard drive
Memory 80 GB 120 GB
2 GB 15 55
4 GB 10 20
What is the probability P(B or C)?

A) 0.75
B) 0.10
C) 0.70
D) 0.90
E) 0.73

Hard drive
Memory 80 GB 120 GB
2 GB 15 55
4 GB 10 20
We can conclude that B and C are _________.

A) disjoint events
B) disjoint and independent events
C) not independent events
D) not independent but disjoint events
E) None of the above
Page 63
205. Consider two events, A and B, for which we have the following probabilities.
P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.2, and P(A|B) = 0.7. What is P(A or B)?
A) 0.70
B) 0.10
C) 0.14
D) 0.44
E) 0.56
206. Consider two events, A and B, for which we have the following probabilities.
P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.2, and P(A|B) = 0.7. What is P(B|A)?
A) 0.70
B) 0.28
C) 0.2
D) 0.35
E) 0.56
207. A particular city is serviced by three airlines for its passenger traffic. Airline A carries
50% of the passengers, Airline B 30%, and Airline C the remaining 20%. Each of the
airlines is responsible for handling its security. The probabilities that a passenger
carrying some type of weapon will be detected by Airlines A, B, and C are 0.9, 0.5, and
0.4, respectively. What is the probability that a passenger carrying a weapon will be
detected?
A) 0.15
B) 0.45
C) 0.68
D) 0.32
E) 0.08
208. A particular city is serviced by three airlines for its passenger traffic. Airline A carries
50% of the passengers, Airline B 30%, and Airline C the remaining 20%. Each of the
airlines is responsible for handling its security. The probabilities that a passenger
carrying some type of weapon will be detected by Airlines A, B, and C are 0.9, 0.5, and
0.4, respectively. If a weapon is detected on a passenger, what is the probability that
Airline B detected it?
A) 0.55
B) 0.15
C) 0.5
D) 0.22
E) 0.78
Page 64
209. Consider any two events A and B, such that P(A)  0 and P(B)  0. Which of the
following statements is always FALSE?
A) If events A and B are independent, then P(A|B) = P(A) and P(B|A) = P(B).
B) If events A and B are disjoint, then P(A and B) = 0.
C) If events A and B are independent, then P(A and B) = 0.
D) If events A and B are disjoint, then they are not independent.
E) If events A and B are independent, then P(A and B) = P(A)P(B).
210. Based on past experience, an architect has determined the probability mass function for
the number of times a drawing must be examined by a client before it is accepted. Let
the random variable X = the number of times a drawing must be examined by a client
before it is accepted. The distribution of X is shown below.
Probability 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
What is the average number of times a drawing must be examined by a client before it is
accepted?
211. Based on past experience, an architect has determined the probability mass function for
the number of times a drawing must be examined by a client before it is accepted. Let
the random variable X = the number of times a drawing must be examined by a client
before it is accepted. The distribution of X is shown below.
Probability 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
Mr. Klein is one of the clients of this architect. Mr. Klein has already inspected his
drawing twice. What is the probability that he will accept the drawing after the next
examination (the third time)?
212. Let the random variable X = the time between the moment the IRS receives your tax
return forms and the moment you receive your tax refund. It is known that X follows a
uniform distribution over the range of 2 weeks and 10 weeks. Suppose you are waiting
for your federal tax refund. On average, how many weeks would you have to wait
before receiving your refund?
Page 65
213. Let the random variable X = the time between the moment the IRS receives your tax
return forms and the moment you receive your tax refund. It is known that X follows a
uniform distribution over the range of 2 weeks and 10 weeks.
Define the following events: A = {it takes more than 5 weeks to receive your federal tax
refund} and B = {it takes less than 8 weeks to receive your federal tax refund}. Are the
events A and B independent?
214. The biology department plans to recruit a new faculty member. Data collected by a
different university on the 410 possible candidates are available. The biology
department is debating whether to put a requirement of 10 years of teaching experience
in the job advertisement. The available data on the candidates are shown below.
Less than 10 years' 10 or more years'

experience experience Total
Male 178 112 290
Female 99 21 120
Total 277 133 410
What is the probability that a candidate has less than 10 years' experience?

Male 178 112 290
Female 99 21 120
Total 277 133 410
What is the conditional probability that a female candidate has less than 10 years'
experience?
Page 66

Male 178 112 290
Female 99 21 120
Total 277 133 410
What is the conditional probability that a male candidate has less than 10 years'
experience?

Male 178 112 290
Female 99 21 120
Total 277 133 410
Is there an equal chance that a potential candidate could be male versus female?

Male 178 112 290
Female 99 21 120
Total 277 133 410
Are the events F = {candidate is female} and E = {candidate has less than 10 years'
experience} independent?
Page 67
219. Stacy is taking an English class and a history class. Consider the following events.
E = {get an A in English}
H = {get an A in history}
B = {get an A in both English and history}
Assume P(E) = 0.70, P(H) = 0.60, and P(B) = 0.50.
Are E and H mutually exclusive?
What is the probability that Stacy gets an A in either her English class or her history
class?
Given that Stacy gets an A in her English class, what is the probability that she gets an
A in her history class?
Are E and H independent events?
223. The time it takes a student to walk from the dorm to the chemistry lab follows roughly a
Normal distribution with a mean of 20 minutes and a standard deviation of 3 minutes.
What proportion of students is faster than 15 minutes when walking from the dorm to
the chemistry lab?
Page 68
How long does it take the slowest 10% of the students to walk from the dorms to the
chemistry lab?
Suppose you are waiting for your friend at the chemistry lab. She is walking from the
dorm to the lab. Fifteen minutes have already passed since the time she left the dorm.
What is the probability she will arrive at the chemistry lab in the next 10 minutes (for a
total walking time of less than 25 minutes)?
226. Explain the law of large numbers.
227. In order for the law of large numbers to apply, ___________.

A) observations must be independent
B) observations must be dependent
C) observations can be dependent as long as the dependence dies out fast enough as
you take measurements farther apart in time
228. Fill in the blank. The mean of a random variable is also called the _______.
229. When applying the law of large numbers, how many trials are needed to ensure that the
mean of an outcome is close to the population mean?
A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) It depends on the variability of the random outcomes.
230. The correlation between two independent random variables is ______.

A) 0
B) 1
C) –5
D) –1
Page 69
231. The variance of any fixed number a is ______.
A) a
B) 0
C) 1
D) a2
232. The mean of any fixed number a is ______.

A) a
B) 0
C) 1
D) a2
233. Adding a constant a to any random variable will change the mean by a value of _____.
A) a
B) 0
C) 1
D) a2
234. Adding a constant a to any random variable will change the standard deviation by a
value of _____.
A) a
B) 0
C) 1
D) a2
235. Correlation is a measure of ________.

A) independence
B) dependence
C) variability
236. When two random variables are not independent, the variance between the two random
variables depends on the _____.
A) correlation
B) independence
C) variability
Page 70
Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. E
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. A
11. B
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. B
16. A
17. B
18. B
19. A
20. D
21. B
22. B
23. D
24. C
25. B
26. D
27. B
28. B
29. B
30. D
31. C
32. A
33. D
34. C
35. D
36. A
37. C
38. B
39. D
40. D
41. B
42. C
43. A
44. C
Page 71
45. B
46. C
47. B
48. A
49. D
50. B
51. D
52. B
53. D
54. C
55. B
56. D
57. B
58. C
59. E
60. B
61. A
62. B
63. A
64. S = {all numbers greater than or equal to zero}
65. S = {all numbers greater than or equal to zero}
66. S = {all countries}
67. S = {win, lose}
68. S = {positive for HIV, negative for HIV}
69. A
70. B
71. A
72. B
73. B
74. A
75. B
76. A
77. B
78. B
79. A
80. B
81. B
82. A
83. B
84. D
85. A
86. A
87. B
88. A
89. B
90. A
Page 72
91. B
92. B
93. A
94. A
95. A
96. 2.6
97. 0
98. .3
99. .7
100. 1
101. 0
102. 1
103. B
104. D
105. C
106. D
107. B
108. A
109. B
110. B
111. C
112. A
113. D
114. D
115. B
116. B
117. D
118. E
119. A
120. C
121. E
122. A
123. B
124. B
125. C
126. C
127. B
128. C
129. B
130. B
131. C
132. B
133. B
134. C
135. C
136. B
Page 73
137. C
138. A
139. B
140. D
141. C
142. A
143. C
144. C
145. A
146. C
147. B
148. A
149. D
150. B
151. C
152. D
153. C
154. C
155. A
156. A
157. C
158. D
159. D
160. A
161. A
162. A
163. B
164. C
165. A
166. A
167. C
168. B
169. D
170. D
171. A
172. B
173. A
174. C
175. B
176. C
177. A
178. B
179. B
180. C
181. A
182. D
Page 74
183. D
184. A
185. C
186. C
187. C
188. D
189. A
190. C
191. B
192. C
193. A
194. A
195. C
196. C
197. D
198. C
199. B
200. C
201. C
202. B
203. D
204. C
205. E
206. B
207. C
208. D
209. C
210.  = 3.2 times
211. 0.4286
212.  = 6 weeks
213. No, P(A) = 0.625, P(B) = 0.75, and P(A)P(B) = 0.469  P(A and B) = 0.375.
214. 0.676
215. 0.825
216. 0.614
217. No, the percentage of females that would not be eligible is much higher than the
percentage of males.
218. No, P(F) = 0.293, P(E) = 0.676, and P(F)P(E) = 0.198  P(F and E) = 99/410 = 0.241.
219. No, P(E) and P(H) add up to more than 1, or P(B)  0.
220. P(E or H) = 0.80
221. 0.50/0.70 = 0.714
222. No, P(E and H) = 0.50  P(E)P(H) = (0.70)(0.60) = 0.42.
223. 0.0478
224. 23.84 minutes or more
225. 0.9498
Page 75
226. The law of large numbers is a theorem that states that as the number of trials of a
random process increases, the percentage difference between the expected and actual
values goes to zero.
227. C
228. expected value
229. D
230. A
231. B
232. A
233. A
234. B
235. B
236. A
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Introduction To The Practice of Statistics 9th Edition Moore Test Bank 1

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Test Bank for Introduction to the Practice of Statistics 9th

Edition Moore McCabe Craig 1319013384

Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-introduction-to-the-practice-of-statistics-9th-

1. A phenomenon is observed many, many times under identical conditions. The

6. Which of the following is/are appropriate statements about randomness and/or

20. Which of the following are independent trials?

Friday, January 1 New Year's Day

Friday, January 1 New Year's Day

What is the sample space for the number of federal holidays?

Friday, January 1 New Year's Day

Friday, January 1 New Year's Day

Friday, January 1 New Year's Day

Color Brown Red Yellow Green Orange Blue

What is the probability of drawing a yellow candy?

Color Brown Red Yellow Green Orange Blue

What is the probability of not drawing a red candy?

Color Brown Red Yellow Green Orange Blue

Color Brown Red Yellow Green Orange Blue

D) None of the above

Used glasses for

Used glasses for

Used glasses for

60. True or False. A valid probability is any number between –1 and 1.

69. If S is a sample space, then P(S) = ___.

89. Normal distributions represent _______ random variables.

93. True or False. A probability histogram describes the probability distribution of a

Is the above a valid probability model?

95. The probability distribution of random variable X is defined as follows.

The table above describes a random variable that is ______.

96. The probability distribution of random variable X is defined as follows.

97. The probability distribution of random variable X is defined as follows.

Fill in the blank. The P(X = 0) = _______.

98. The probability distribution of random variable X is defined as follows.

The P(X = .3) =

The P(X < 4) =

100. The probability distribution of random variable X is defined as follows.

The P(X > 0) =

101. The probability distribution of random variable X is defined as follows.

This probability histogram corresponds to which of the following distributions for X?

D) None of the above

What is the P(X = 3)?

What is P(X < 3)?

What is P(X  3)?

What is the P(X = 1.5)?

109. What is the P(X > 1.5)?

What is the P(X  1.5)?

118. Consider the following distribution of values for a discrete variable X.

What is the value of the missing probability?

What is the expected number of repair calls during an hour?

The probability for X = 3 is missing. What is it?

The probability for X = 4 is missing. What is it?

What is P(X > 4.74)?

What is the standard deviation of the random variable X?

True or False. The circle, square, and triangle are disjoint.

What numbers make up the complement of the triangle?

172. A useful tool to help with probability calculations is a ________.

Let the event D = {voter is a Democrat}, R = {voter is a Republican}, and F = {voter

Let the event D = {voter is a Democrat}, R = {voter is a Republican}, and F = {voter

Let the event D = {voter is a Democrat}, R = {voter is a Republican}, and F = {voter

Let the event D = {voter is a Democrat}, R = {voter is a Republican}, and F = {voter

What is the P(B and C)?

202. A shipment of computers received by a retailer consisted of the following configurations

What is the conditional probability P(C|B)?