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    CH 9

    Uploaded by

    Shiv Kumar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    [9] TRIANGLE AND ITS ANGLES 9.1 INTRODUCTION In the previous chapter, we have studied lines and angles. In this chapter, we shall study about a plane figure formed by three non-parallel lines in a plane. Such a figure is called a triangle. 9.2 TRIANGLE DEFINITION A plane figure bounded by three lines in a plane is called a triangle. Let A, B, Ce three points such that alll are not ina line. Then, the line segments AB, BC and CA forma triangle with vertices A, B and C. The segments AB, BC and CA are called the sides and the angles BAC, ABC and ACB are called the angles of the triangle ABC. A Fig.9.1 For the sake of convenience we shall denote ZBAC, ZABC and ZACB by ZA, ZB and ZC respectively. We shall also use the symbol ‘A’ (read as ‘delta’) in place of the word “triangle”. Thus, triangle ABC will be denoted by the A ABC. 9.3 TYPES OF TRIANGLES Triangles are classified into various types on the basis of the lengths their sides as well as on thebasis of the measures of their angles. Following are the types of triangles on the basis of sides SCALENE TRIANGLE A triangle, no two of whose sides are equal is called a scalene triangle. BOSCELES TRIANGLE A triangle, two of whose sides are equal in length is called an isosceles riangle, EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE A triangle, all of whose sides are equal is called an equilateral triangle. Following are the types of triangles on the basis of angles: O41 ace sama Wns es cc sy a : s 2 —aguneansoe ane HALON rage 9g, pce sor aa cure manete Aran sista tanler arity, f infOCiwehave ocean amauta rg, got MECN rece ancue 4ranow - ot ave _ tres emelaceen #10 ay sascehive ruse marcas Ararieonraeartee eT es cc Streator sxe SOM abalone As 22042022) 180" and 2 Aci reapctely, mio in Become. [ 2 £B=2landcee de) BO amt CO aw hsestorsof AC | a react sa 24 ANGLE Sm POFERTY ATR utemttathigienmmy | Btaneaae mare Hevperaeerenpanetiet Soo ents al eee emer Meena : come geen sasing is vinweot 2+ 22inf weget Ferrier favs Two pre ines AB and CD anda ansvenl Fnesesting them a G an me ‘spe GMM, GL HL are thetotrcttr opel microg nove” GML erect TOPROVE ZA + £B+ AC = 18F ie 1+ 22+ 23-190" m a ‘A or 2B 2800 = 0 A aA 2006 «109-501 A s wre 4a, é 0c 9044 a aco, enon top insanely ts pe a eect ° ® ‘oo Webs, eOsTUCTION ThowphA.cevalnel pale ie ‘oor Sous 3¢. Thee, AGH = 2DHG [Alternates anges] anc LAterateintrcangsl 4 zagi = 0H pe asa {alternate interior angles i 2 Baas 5 ie corn a : 222 i ns, es GM and HL are ftereectd by a tanevers ee ee arate {ding £1 onbothside Gat Gand H epectively such tat ptt of aerate 2 Atatanarares swpbsneequilie ZHGM = ZGHL cunt 2 Araraen Samof angles at point on ines 1" eats [Seeines: io Simiy we can prove that GL HM So, GML isa me 2 Aravccoe Paeegan, Cone paces St UCD and EF sa wanovena ee aeerageke + Sufi no couuicreuaroe «iat Z8GH + ZDHG = 180" at 1 3206 +3 e0HG = 90° act ai } cone cae] AUGH$ ZLHG=90" s suntan y W [some bean angi FAGH+ AHG =p Bak, AGH ZIG + £OLM +18 or +26 a out =" ‘Th in he paraiingram GML, wehave £GUM = 9° Here GULL ea ecangle ep, ALUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES xAMPLES Ina SABC, 2B = 105", 20 = 0° Find ZA wert Tsun tangles ois inde Determine the mesa Samrts Tene eopaetringienal tinder nese SCUSTION Let APCes tangle such that A+ B= ZC Wekzow tat ch+ £84 20 =18 Paring LAs LB» ZC inh weet Lo i= = WC = 18 = 2-9" ‘Thos measure thethindangeisol MP. SAUTEED OfBetracagsofaiange evict sm and rite tine ‘smallest. Find the angles. " ~ SELTEN' Utter venanglebeol Then, heather wong arecol 2 and 3a". as < ae % re2e+3e=169 a i) 0 = 6r=1H0 = x= 20. ‘Heree,messurescf tangles ofthe tangle are 30,4 nd 90°, eases earls etal arin the ri2:3:4, dling tec angles SOULTION Let the anglescf the tage be 20, 3¥° and "Then, 2+ 30641180 = 9-169 r=00 Hance angela set AMES Theme tg a or 3: els SOUSTION Let ABC bes triangle such that “ > £8 20 and 2A £0 = 89 Adding and subtracting thew to, weet (ASB 9(CA- 28 = 00s" (A+ cy -(wA~ 26) nd, on A lye 10" a8 228) pet and 8 =" 1 II Than 8246 85 208 ey pace ge 60+ 3) = 300 0 A = Wren £0 na BAB 2LA = 328=6., determine 2A, 2b ante oe we I And 6LE 4 a & [Dividing throughout by bie, thet of 3and6] Deb eenn 2 beak teat = Mh Ube £84 LC = 180° WADE TB 9 6 = 180" 29 rar ‘Jeemmauresoftheanglesof th triangle are (Ae 3t = 90", 2B 25 = 60 and £m 3 = 3° sean AB,Carethetrevanglsfatringle YA~ B= 18, BC» 2 find A, 28nd £ sszm0y Wehave, A-Be Sand BC 23? 2 AvIst+ Band C= 8-30" 0 AsB+C= 180 4 B4B+ 8-3 =18P = 38-18 Rog B=ESrinG, weget A= 18° 65°» 80" and C = 65°30" = 35" 180" = 38 = 188" > B= 65" DEE nF, ABDC. x=" andy =, find BCD ABC md 2. ‘BITIN Since AB || DC and transversal BD intersects them at Band D respectively 2480 « £80C and, ZCBD » ZADB {Aterste anges 0C = randy =36 ZABD = # ad 2408 = (Given) Mt pen tat . sonia W By y In 34D, wehave i 28D + ZADB + £A8D = 150" A = 2D 364 5-180 Fass? = 6D +55+48-10 ~ a4 Tris, LBD = 2 6%, ZABC = += 184 6 © Band LBAD = 968 SSAMTED Arn AB iri ane tA. AL. depen 8. BAL» £ACB, SOWTION In SABL, wehave BAL ZALB + £8 218° > BAL + 90+ 2B = 190" [ALL BC 1 ZALB = 90% ime aueacwe 6 ave coop = man ote ee yee 3:8 Grater : ~ C= 90° eB bt & = ACB = 90-28 i) ree Fen snis “al ce PANE WF 97S teh Phe LOR Sat ar }cq- em SOLUTION Since PSis the bisector of ZOPR, & aon as 4 14201 wee e070» cope : ‘arene cenr oe a PQT = 90°- zopr ® v¢ 7 che eer + ZTPR + ZPTR = ee 1 oT NRT + TPR 2800 (2PRT + Z1PR = oe 4 Bat 90 a, ° Re = cTPR 2 ago weg ey get g- £8 = "= LOFT) ~60"- cTPRy [q- tk= A1PR- OPT # gn dh = (TPS + 25P8) (206 caps) . ave 05 = 4(2Q~ £8) cst fn pall nes reese waragier tsar ansc ert oho ei se Welaewtatthesumet eitenerela i 244 ances, rove tht he Bice te ve meside ofthe rnsvena AMIN + ZONM = 190° 1 1 Lau + zon = 90° jeaue + coum 4 QMN+ ZINN * 0 uM, wehave At 2+23-18" 0) Fanfandu) weet += 100" seeiiasae Face = PMtand PN intersect atrightangles. ‘GMRE Rtn Fg. 89, 10 and TR are the bsctors of £Q ond ZR expat. If AMA and CPRT = 30, deverine ZTOR and ZOTR Om Seeetincre 2ond A ea 4a L0P (ay costeyoreg32 * AO = 50 + 5 gop PAIR = 94 40" = 190° Sore, wet ¢ * Seman ~ aon ine 3 aan a0nei8r Sn ee 204-9) ZaPD +2900 = 187° ae rao ; yo +c = 180" - anaes ee ross Leto thgatacie patpyingbthsdeedy) | 2 2090 = 80 setmotince such atatransvertltntrseesthem at Od Pepetvly 2 waynes xd so yoo he anne eae oqalicy, AOR = ZQPD = otic of tcton iande copending angie on he ating ea Soo ie cnmacS= 24 | se = Be caaD 18 2 Ect nd 23 = con a ee exercise 91 ral AB sich that ZCAB AB 6 18D. Hort, if A= 55%, 2B = 4", find £C. engl of langle aren the ato 1 :2:3 determine three angles. ‘has, CA and BD ae to ies terete by 8 ware i grin som ft near ange onthe sae ideo aie! cree Ie ant, 0 =, 60-0 ed ttre ZA mat BCA it Da * “abbot ZAC uJ Ins ‘stating (s-20"ana{ 3-20)" -Radhe saat: Saino Inautcwehve tL neclppafa angle ne arangedinascndigrdeofmagitude Khe ference cect cowie erat canes I na ttc sl = Anesraer a pamungner eaten theta ngiisgrenter han cochoftoseagles > Zac 0P Ge Bepeteangsor ne tange = uma rpg ainbnmotaceern ston aaa ce AD bebe a A ptangs 7 sk | a rae ore catngainwhich ZA 72, hiner bietarofenglesBansCneet 0. CAD = 5 cA Foait ‘ind the magaifade of ZBOC. = aw-ca0.0 (A eipentbcuga ingests hag nan eee eco ie bse angles ol rnglencas a angio 725 prove ee iN | eecangie tana 20» 408 = i ieee sas, zac = ZAC8 md heats APC an ZACH t Oh 55 s ht@0C Stee Show atch = 20 20 = 2a08 0F-= Cnetimgnnn () TWworight angles? (i), Two obtuse angles? MATIIEATES 9 a ata an at «tana co roam ye pone aoe _———— AnsWeng sa Man : 1 50.00 70 sto httheteangey, wo e Yeu gu No 0) NO wa Yer Sao. 2 now ow @ rer SECT Pr -aicrmats Fo orto TI nar pre TI ieee pciny tee Sedetsme ao. 5 Sune gente icant 37-T sess se tarabchea ing what A= 23 irae ZA= 9 wore worse. Th [scecootlary on paged) dant Cobe thesis of se anges ABC anc ACE jOC 40 The, f teraRC ea tna et ape Ten ZFOC = 90" + 282 pile £8 oceses Basralen se cA=0- ARC oma thy dont mate. ‘ssa atin Hoes, Z60C 2 9 4 Soppsetbebitorotts ba anges BandCofa 8 ABC meet atO.Then, a 8 chm a F ws height gle 1 hn oc essa teh 8 easeasce ewe = wae = aw 2¢ (Giver) Tecate cute mlecnecavace Maccnrascan ‘Similarly, wehave 28 < 90° ane ZC < SQ" fe mr vcues FA TRIANGLE en te nC ofa triangle ABC pace for my Bl ines mg then Zac areas carom ZAC acy of AARC aC tense Aan arcana gs si Feo canst AC for AE the ZACE lo anexeoranee AARC st seep evo 2 ACD andi, ZBCE arse opposes ey ACD = ex. LICE A ier oppnteangleswithrespectoent ZACE so ave icnon ate ren of ang ee are woe si Spee rongesare ipcrnesanale de aneota anges slate wenger ev Angle Tren: Ifa sie of tangle prac the eter angle raion oft o err opps als INERT he imerior opposite angles asprovestin. fonts sr tangle ARC. Disa pointen BC prods formingenterorangle 28 we dA= £14 22 Le, ZACD = ZCAB+ ZCBA. Tor Intiangle ABC, wehawe L424 32180" . fi s C344 180 Li4Q 482150 C4 D+ OB eefst Ly se Foes Me ae ca=t00° [es 23and 24 forma inearpie] onfand weave Assn Bees = araca = A+ 2 Le. ZACD ® LAB LOB Qup. MATHEMATICS = seth i gy en em rahe recs cco» ZeaB ond ACD > £CBA ‘conouany Astra eating By aieaa> aie reas neous Tec Bod AC 0A wept Pand rept Bc TEFee ad 2008 mien 300-0128 poe Cavs NEC ni sie AB and AC we rode Pan Q respec. The Sct 8 md Cine roa move crocnar- ea [PROOF Sine ZABC an CBP foemslineapal “AIC ce = 80" = aaacie [Obed Zc8P cca” «2.4 z "1 9 es 42080 car =. 1 - aon! ane o ‘Ain ZACB ond £08 orn nap ACB + coc = 180+ = kaa Pcie. racing POOH Mt Zc: cae 22] i) (Ae 22+ £800 = 18 1 zc+ cpoc= 180° {Using @) na (i) so 0 8 tgp 20+ ABO = 100" 2 . roc =} ens 20) jeaeeeneese] ence Saar - 24) ae 2B0C = 90° aa 2 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES sex Aneteraranglfatriangeis 12.0 ad oneo the ineriar apps angles i330 st mange tag Binon let ABC a tlangle whose side BC i produced to form an exterior angle step abst ext ZACD = 110 hzs-39 byexteriorangletheorem, wehave A ext ZACD = ZB+ ZA 4 1g" = 30°+ ZA * ZA=10 = 30" = BO wy sate, wehave 5 eee As 284 20> 180" 3 ESI ZC = 180" => ZC = 180" — (80 +307) = 70" ece.heoter two angles ofthe triangle are BO" and 70" Sum Theses BC, CA and AB ofa ABC, are produced in order forming exterior angles AD, BAE and ZCBE, Shove that ZACD + ZBAE + ZCBP = 360° . NOW In ABC, byusingesterir angle theorem, wehave is De Ava 2aar = +23 ry cco ay 23 A os "lng these thee we get ADS LBAES ZCBF = (1+ 22) +(22423)+(Z1+ 2) POBIB (HD+ CBAES ZCBE = 2(1+ 22+ 23) “HD+ COAE s ccBF = 2x 180° = 360" beat 2+ 23 = 1007) MaTHEMancs pn «fd sandvNCERy Pare 2 Fa Za My Sar range Tae ween Seteumreron 3 eter op Zork 78D Grose rH = 18" 2 arqeer Cnc tagnminacerepy nett “Zs 2S 2 feos Foon Barn ett roasts eM Trop aaa OQ = 14 find PH 4 Stevo SerQPs sett : ark SPR =i8? = cent eae rhe anger in AF, eke 27 = ZOPR ZR a tras c00 _ ; 3 amew-5 6 _ Mme 5 fe fp $21, <= @LLAVE=S6 I YO and ZO are bisectrs of Ziv 21 recy of AX, fd LOZY and YO. TNCERT SEATON THANE weave cost cxzy =F = toro = conee In s0r2 wehove ores cozy 2v02=19r = rem core cree wet 22) se AER Fremcortaye 2 elo ope 93 00! [eaxer 202] Lata Foo2t webave : ae Sess area e ons sos NES oe sq 22 NBN DE, LEAC = 38° ant LODE = 5, fol ZOCE INCH St ei preane wbctome : So Ae cE = bes [2BAE « 2BAC= 35°] snp e ies ad 2 pe + ZDCE+ ZCED = 187 é : rosa Ge Z0CE+ 35° = 1807 2 pce = 180-85" = 9 923, if lines PO ee and RS intersect ata pin T sch at PRT =, se nd TQ 78%, find £SQT- INcERT] sno In APRT, wehave 2P4LR+ LT =18P = eae cT 180 -carsina £PTRare very oppose ne] ZQ1S = ZPTR nasa, wehave: 4018 + 2807 + 218Q= 180 2 8+ csgr +75" = 180° * csor = 180" 12 = 60" fin the Sweeny 28" ant ZORT = 68, then meyen sR 824 7 PQ FS POUR 250 xu fi the ManteMATICN scumon Sie POUSR and RH [b> Altemat sgl) ats 5+ £75080 ea ye ST BASLE Tesi Bf ABC rtd basi Stow ht ths of the exter gmarer han Aly ight ole. {ium By earornglethorem ete Asset 5=4+2 . -Adngtice to, wegst Aras ce(a+2) 2 Aeataraca, 5 aie-ane : bararaswn +4 NS 2 Avec oe = che ents ZA by woe BAMLEW Sle BC Chon Burin ANC radu D0 Pree int 7 oD, tly asso 926 YACD = 10" and QAP = 3, dal angles of eee SOLLTEN Since ZOAP and BAC avery \yopposte angles BAC NP AAC 38° Ezra Dyenrorangletorem we hve ne AD = 2040+ 2004 2 mresey cca 2 ctu Sty Se cb ic em ens ceo ACB + 100" = 180° = 150°. . ne ‘Hones the anglesct the ABC are 24 = Pa028 =, 20665 ant coo ee er) ox ot a,arstesiteBCof & ABC is provost a form ay Bash, Ray CEs son rs ety, lau wing he angle sn property of tangle that on Buco hat ZA + ZB + ZC 180, pestat 28 me and transversal AC cuts them at A and C respectively no ns “ef aint 3} © B21 ganna BD cus tern * pAb EO corres, £8 axiom] « A . pe ae Be eB 6 ae 3 aero eae en LAD) , oe the Aon A aks = oar av b= L00D Fo ‘nace ZACD + £8 Povetat ADB > ZADC. 10 1GABC.ADL AC endCE LABIE BD sad CE intrtet at O, prove 2800 = 180— A. te 11 nig 838, AB Bist ZCAD ae 28 » ZC Poveta AEE BC. reae e928 1. InFig. 999,84 DE Find 240. 12, Which of hefoowing tatenents ae tra (1 and which are fle (F) ct ACD. Teele, LODE = 3° ADiomeetBCatE-In 4 AEB, webave ell = ZAEC =A = x 50> tne, ZDAC = 107 = 108" = 72° ert vies COACIn ther 1'3 Sot ZDAB = y nd AAC wy (gare oy =18 {> Anges opoiteto eqs eg {AMC = ZADB + ZDAB= 18° 18» 36° oe AC =3y «58° (@ Sumotthethveongles ofa riagle 8 (i) Atianglecanhsverworight angles. (6) A neangles ofa wang cae than () Alltheanglesofatriaglecan ogres than 6" {480+ ZBAC + ZBCA = 180" = ZBCA=90° = x=, sania (0) Alle anglsofateiaglecan bal UIA, weave (63. Atianglecanhave we obtuse gles, (vi) Aanglcanhaveatmcst on obtuse angles {ii) Hone angleofa tangle is obtuse, then it cannot be a right angled triangle « 6) Aneceorageotatingeisorbansthretishtertroppntean | (9 Anes nlf ange ult th sm le we aoe spate face — org | (3) Anextsiorangleofa tangle iegente thane oppo interior angles 14, Fillnthebinisto mated following sates ae! 1 Sumoftheanglesofa eagles. (Anterior angle of rimglelseqsalto the vo oppo angles, (i) Anexteiocangleofa ange isalways, angle () Atrianglecannathave morethin. rightangls, (0) Atranglescanothavenere than. Se es ET — thanetherofthe interior opposte | + Déeeatangle, 4. idetbesum of the angles ofan obtuse triangle 2 maakt 28 =", 2C'= 0" anc the bisector ofangles ZABC and ZACB metal bec gies ito teat te meas ZBOC et CAD = 28+ 20 fe

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