Introductory Chemistry for Today 8th

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Chapter 6—The States of Matter

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following physical properties would be impossible to determine for a

material in the gas state?
a. thermal expansion c. density
b. viscosity d. surface tension
ANS: D PTS: 1

2. What property of a liquid such as mercury is used in a liquid-in-glass thermometer?

a. density c. thermal expansion
b. compressibility d. more than one response is correct
ANS: C PTS: 1

3. A gas sample is collected in a balloon. What happens to the density of the gas sample
as the sample is heated?
a. decreases c. does not change
b. increases d. a variable change occurs
ANS: A PTS: 1
 4. Potential energy resulting from the attraction of particles
a. decreases when separation distance decreases.
b. decreases when separation distance increases.
c. increases when separation distance increases.
d. More than one response is correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1

5. How does the kinetic energy of a particle change if the particle's velocity is increased
by a factor of 3?
a. kinetic energy increases by a factor of 3
b. kinetic energy decreases by a factor of 3
c. kinetic energy increases by a factor of 9
d. kinetic energy increases by a factor of 2
ANS: C PTS: 1

6. Two objects are moving with the same velocity, but one has twice the kinetic energy of
the other. How does the mass of the object with higher kinetic energy compare to the
other object's mass?
a. It is larger by a factor of 2 c. It is larger by a factor of 4
b. It is smaller by a factor of 2 d. It is smaller by a factor of 4
ANS: A PTS: 1

7. Cohesive forces in matter are related to

a. potential energy from particle repulsions.
b. potential energy from particle attractions.
c. kinetic energy.
d. More than one response is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1

8. High density is characteristic of which state of matter?

a. solid c. gaseous
b. liquid d. more than one response is correct
ANS: D PTS: 1

9. Definite shape is a characteristic of which state of matter?

a. solid c. gaseous
b. liquid d. more than one response is correct
ANS: A PTS: 1

10. Small compressibility is a characteristic of which state of matter?

a. solid c. gaseous
b. liquid d. more than one response is correct
ANS: D PTS: 1

11. You have a patient that is currently experience extreme discomfort after eating a large
quantity of beans. The pain is being caused by the build up of gas pressure in the
large intestines. If you were able to put a pressure gauge in to the patient, which of the
following would be a reasonable pressure that you might observe.
 a. 860 torr b. 860 psi c. 860 pascal d. 860 atm
ANS: A PTS: 1

12. A pressure is recorded as 622 torr. What is this pressure in atm?

a. 1.22 b. 0.818 c. 5.17 d. 0.0393
ANS: B PTS: 1

13. Convert a temperature of 45C into Kelvin.

a. −45 K b. −228 K c. 228 K d. 318 K
ANS: D PTS: 1

14. Convert a temperature of 210 K into Celsius degrees.

a. −63.0C b. 63.0C c. 242C d. 483C
ANS: A PTS: 1

15. Which of the following pressure units is largest?

a. one torr b. one mm Hg c. one psi d. one atm
ANS: D PTS: 1

16. Increasing the pressure on a gas at constant temperature does what to the volume of
the gas?
a. increases c. has no effect
b. decreases d. increases up to a certain point
ANS: B PTS: 1

17. 2500 liters of oxygen gas is produced at 1.00 atm of pressure. It is to be compressed
and stored in a 20.0 liter cylinder. If temperature is constant, calculate the pressure of
the oxygen in the cylinder.
a. 125 atm b. 4.0 atm c. 80.0 atm d. 8.00 atm
ANS: A PTS: 1

18. A balloon has a volume of 5.00 liters of 22C and 1.00 atmosphere of pressure. What
will be the balloon's volume in liters if the pressure is increased to 3.00 atmospheres
at 22C?
a. 1.67 b. 0.600 c. 1.30 d. 0.800
ANS: A PTS: 1

19. A gas sample has a volume of 500 mL at 20C. At what Celsius temperature would the
gas have a volume half as large?
a. 10C b. 147C c. −147C d. −127C
ANS: D PTS: 1

20. A 3.2 liter sample of gas is at 40C and 1.0 atmosphere of pressure. If the temperature
decreases to 20C and the pressure decreases to 0.60 atmospheres, what is the new
volume in liters?
a. 5.7 b. 5.0 c. 1.8 d. 0.20
ANS: B PTS: 1
21. A sample of gas collected at 21.0C and a pressure of 660 torr has a volume of 1.83
liters. What volume in liters will the gas occupy at 38.0C under a pressure of 500 torr?
a. 2.56 b. 4.37 c. 2.28 d. 1.33
ANS: A PTS: 1

22. A 5.00 liter gas sample is collected at a temperature and pressure of 27.0C and 1.20
atm. It is desired to transfer the gas to a 3.00 liter container at a pressure of 1.00 atm.
What must be the temperature of the gas in the 3.00 liter container?
a. 216 K b. 417 K c. 13.5C d. 150 K
ANS: D PTS: 1

23. A gas sample collected at 35.0°C and a pressure of 710 torr has a volume of 200 mL.
The temperature and pressure are changed, and the gas is compressed to 150 mL. The
new temperature is 40.0C; what is the new pressure?
a. 1.27 atm c. 541 torr
b. 1.08  103 torr d. 0.712 atm
ANS: A PTS: 1

24. Calculate the volume in liters of 3.50 moles of gas at STP.

a. 6.4 b. 44.8 c. 3.5 d. 78.4
ANS: D PTS: 1

25. What pressure will 3.20 mol of N2 gas exert if confined in a 15.0 L container at 100C?
a. 1.75 atm b. 6.53 atm c. 3.27 atm d. 13.0 atm
ANS: B PTS: 1

26. What volume in liters is occupied by 8.22 g of SO2 gas confined at a pressure of 1200
torr at 75.0C? (hint: R = 0.0821 liter atm/mol K)
a. 0.499 b. 4.22  101 c. 2.32 d. 32.1
ANS: C PTS: 1

27. What volume of ammonia gas, NH3, in liters is produced at STP by the complete
reaction of 100 g of nitrogen, N2, with excess hydrogen? N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
a. 74.7 b. 747 c. 62.5 d. 160
ANS: D PTS: 1

28. A 5.00 liter sample of gas measured at 27.0°C and 1.25 atm of pressure has a mass of
10.13 g. What is the molecular weight of the gas in u?
a. 39.9 b. 0.898 c. 2.57 d. 2.50  10−2
ANS: A PTS: 1

29. Which of the following gases is least likely to behave ideally?

a. He b. N2 c. HCl d. H2
ANS: C PTS: 1
30. A mixture of helium, argon and krypton is made and stored in a cylinder at a total
pressure of 2.80 atm. The partial pressure of helium is 900 torr, and that of argon is
250 torr. What is the partial pressure of krypton in the mixture?
a. 1.18 atm b. 1.51 atm c. 1150 torr d. 978 torr
ANS: D PTS: 1

31. What is the total pressure of a gaseous mixture that contains three gases with partial
pressures of 0.845 atm, 120 torr and 210 mm Hg?
a. 1175 torr b. 972 torr c. 0.411 atm d. 331 torr
ANS: B PTS: 1

32. Which of the following gases would diffuse about one-third as fast as helium gas, He?
a. HCl b. NH3 c. CH4 d. H2O
ANS: A PTS: 1

33. Which of the following pairs of gases would diffuse at essentially the same rate?
a. NO2 and NO c. PH3 and C2H2
b. O2 and Ar d. N2O and CO2
ANS: D PTS: 1

34. In which of the following processes does the energy of the water increase?
a. water freezes c. water evaporates
b. steam condenses to liquid d. more than one response is correct
ANS: C PTS: 1

35. Which of the following is an exothermic process?

a. sublimation b. melting c. evaporation d. condensation
ANS: D PTS: 1

36. The temperature of a liquid is decreased. What happens to the vapor pressure of the
liquid as a result?
a. it increases c. it is not changed
b. it decreases d. varies over time
ANS: B PTS: 1

37. Which of the following influence the vapor pressure of liquids?

a. polarity of liquid molecules c. temperature of liquid
b. mass of liquid molecules d. more than one response is correct
ANS: D PTS: 1

38. The direct change from the solid state to the vapor state is called _____ .
a. evaporation b. sublimation c. boiling d. fusion
ANS: B PTS: 1

39. Which of the following specific temperatures is defined in terms of vapor pressure?
a. boiling point c. decomposition temperature
b. standard temperature d. critical mass
 ANS: A PTS: 1

40. When a liquid sample is taken from sea level to a higher elevation, what happens to
the external (atmospheric) pressure on the liquid and the boiling point of the liquid?
a. both decrease
b. both increase
c. pressure goes down, but boiling point goes up
d. pressure goes up, but boiling point goes down
ANS: A PTS: 1

41. The vapor pressure of a liquid

a. decreases with increasing temperature.
b. is independent of temperature.
c. is equal to one atmosphere at the normal boiling point.
d. cannot be measured.
ANS: C PTS: 1

42. Ethylene dichloride is an effective cooling agent when allowed to evaporate. The heat
of vaporization is 85.3 calories per gram. How much heat could be removed from the
skin if 2.70 grams of ethylene dichloride were sprayed on and allowed to evaporate?
a. 31.6 cal b. 230 cal c. 0.00320 cal d. 0.00400 cal
ANS: B PTS: 1

43. The heat of fusion for zinc chloride is 40.4 calories per gram at the melting point of
275°C. How much heat is required to melt 500 g of zinc chloride at its melting point?
a. 11.1 kcal b. 1.80 cal c. 12.4 cal d. 20.2 kcal
ANS: D PTS: 1

44. Given the following: heat of fusion of ice = 80.0 cal/g; specific heat of ice = 0.480 cal/g;
and specific heat of water = 1.00 cal/g. Calculate the amount of heat required to melt
30.0 g of ice at 0C.
a. 14.4 cal b. 2.41 cal c. 80.0 cal d. 2.40 kcal
ANS: D PTS: 1

45. The heat of fusion of water is 80.0. What are the units associated with this number?
a. cal b. cal / C c. cal / gC d. cal / g
ANS: D PTS: 1

46. The specific heat of ice is 0.48 cal/gC. How much heat will it take to raise the
temperature of 10 g of ice from −30C to −20C?
a. 0.48 cal b. 4.8 cal c. 48 cal d. 10 cal
ANS: C PTS: 1

47. Using d = m/V, what is the volume (V) of a solid that has a density of 3.14g/cm3 and
has a mass of 7.04 grams?
a. 22.1 cm3 b. 22.11 cm3 c. 2.24 cm3 d. 2.242 cm3
ANS: C PTS: 1
48. Which of the following is not a standard condition (STP) for gas measurements?
a. 0C b. 1.00 atm c. 273 K d. 1.00 torr
ANS: D PTS: 1

49. In terms of boiling point, what is the effect of moving water to a point 1500 meters
higher than the starting point?
a. Boiling point will increase. c. Boiling point will remain the same.
b. Boiling point will decrease. d. Insufficient information is given.
ANS: B PTS: 1

50. The force resulting from particle motion is referred to as _____ .

a. cohesive b. chemical c. nuclear d. disruptive
ANS: D PTS: 1

51. Calculate the kinetic energy of a 0.500 g particles traveling at 5.50 cm/s.
a. 2.75 g cm2/s2 b. 7.56 g cm2/s2 c. 51.1 g cm2/s2 d. 6.88 g cm2/s2
ANS: B PTS: 1

52. Near room temperature air has a density of 1.18  10-3 g/mL. What volume will 30.77 g
of air occupy?
a. 2.61  104 mL c. 3.83  10-5 mL
b. 3.63  10 mL
-2 d. 3.08  101 mL
ANS: A PTS: 1

53. Which of the following correctly arranges the physical states of matter (gas - g, solid
- s, liquid - l) in order of increasing energy of the particles (lowest to highest)?
a. g < l < s b. g < s < l c. l < g < s d. s < l < g
ANS: D PTS: 1

54. The deposition of water vapor occurs when frost forms on a window. The correct
equation to represent this phase change is _____ .
a. c.
b. d.

ANS: B PTS: 1

55. Which of the following correctly arranges the given compounds in order of increasing
boiling point (lowest to highest)?
a.
b.
c.
d.

ANS: A PTS: 1

56. Which of the following would be an example of potential energy?

a. an avalanche c. a new lithium battery
b. chemical reaction d. diffusion
 ANS: C PTS: 1

57. How many balloons can you fill from a 10 liter tank of helium you purchased? The
tank has an initial pressure of 1500 psi. Also, you know that, when filled to the
recommended 25 psi, each balloon will hold a volume of 5.5 L. (Hint: Don’t forget
that you can’t remove the last 10 L from the tank.)
a. 60 b. 107 c. 109 d. 600
ANS: B PTS: 1

58. As a healthy individual, you have a blood pressure of 117 over 65. What are the units
associated with blood pressure?
a. Pa c. mm Hg
b. torr d. atm
ANS: C PTS: 1

59. Which individual developed a relationship showing that PV = k?

a. Charles b. Boyle c. Avogadro d. Dalton
ANS: B PTS: 1

60. Who developed the concept of partial pressure of gases in a mixture?

a. Charles b. Boyle c. Avogadro d. Dalton
ANS: D PTS: 1

61. Inhaling volatile materials has result in serious heath effects. Which of the following
substances has been used for inhalant abuse?
a. propane cooking gas c. sodium chloride solution
b. mercury metal d. steam
ANS: A PTS: 1

62. Overtime, a latex balloon will lose its shape and buoyancy. Which process can be
used to explain why this occurs?
a. sublimation c. effusion
b. condensation d. diffusion
ANS: C PTS: 1

63. Consider the figure below which shows the compression phase of a piston in your
car’s engine. This is an example of which gas law?

a. Charles’ c. Avagadro’s
b. Boyle’s d. Dalton’s
ANS: B PTS: 1
 64. The figure below is an example of which gas law?

a. Charles’ c. Avagadro’s
b. Boyle’s d. Dalton’s
ANS: A PTS: 1

TRUE/FALSE

1. The addition of heat causes all substances to change from a solid to a liquid to a gas.

ANS: F PTS: 1

2. Pure substances in the gaseous state contain more energy than in the liquid state.

ANS: T PTS: 1

3. Water has an unusually low specific heat.

ANS: F PTS: 1

4. The specific heat of ice is the amount of heat required to melt a specified weight to
liquid water.

ANS: F PTS: 1

5. Polar liquids would normally have higher heats of vaporization than non-polar liquids.

ANS: T PTS: 1

6. The expansion of mercury in a thermometer is an endothermic reaction.

ANS: T PTS: 1

7. When steam condenses, it absorbs heat.

ANS: F PTS: 1

8. Absolute zero is OC.

ANS: F PTS: 1

9. The amount of pressure on a container at 100C is twice the pressure on the container
at 50C.

ANS: F PTS: 1
10. N2 will diffuse faster than NO2.

ANS: T PTS: 1

11. If the temperature of a gas is decreased, either the pressure or the volume or both will
increase.

ANS: F PTS: 1

12. The vapor pressure of a liquid depends on the volume of the partially filled container.

ANS: F PTS: 1

13. At room temperature, H2 molecules have the same average kinetic energy as O2.

ANS: T PTS: 1

14. The heat of vaporization is twice as great as the heat of condensation.

ANS: F PTS: 1

15. Oxygen masks are supplied to people having difficulty breathing because of
respiratory problems. This is done to increase the partial pressure of oxygen in the air
inhaled.

ANS: T PTS: 1

16. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure and
atmospheric pressure are the same.

ANS: T PTS: 1

17. The reason that helium can be used in balloons to make them rise in air is that helium
expands a great deal more than is predicted by the ideal gas law.

ANS: F PTS: 1

18. A fan works to cool a person because the breeze makes each gram of water that
evaporates carry off more heat than without the fan.

ANS: F PTS: 1

19. Gas A diffuses 4 times as fast as gas B. Gas B must be 4 times as heavy as gas A.

ANS: F PTS: 1

20. Liquid alcohol is placed in a container at 25C, which is sealed. The alcohol starts to
evaporate and then stops because the pressure of the gas is the same as the vapor
pressure of the liquid.

ANS: T PTS: 1
21. Charles’s law can be stated mathematically as: P1V1 = P2V2

ANS: F PTS: 1

22. Cohesive forces are the attractive forces associated with potential energy.

ANS: T PTS: 1

23. At STP, the vapor pressure of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 is less than CH3CH2CH2CH3.

ANS: T PTS: 1

24. There is no such thing as an ideal gas, although helium and nitrogen come close.

ANS: T PTS: 1

25. Thermal expansion is a property only observed for the gaseous state of matter.

ANS: F PTS: 1

26. The combination of Boyle’s law and Charles’s law is called the combined gas law.

ANS: T PTS: 1