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PK - Aspek Laboratorium Respirasi - Dr. Anna
PK - Aspek Laboratorium Respirasi - Dr. Anna
PK - Aspek Laboratorium Respirasi - Dr. Anna
FRANZESKA ANNA
CBC ABG
PEMERIKSAAN
IGRA Kultur LABORATORIUM
Tuberculin Pengecatan
Skin Test sputum
TB RT
ICT PCR
PEMERIKSAAN DARAH LENGKAP (CBC)
A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test. This includes red blood cells,
white blood cells, haemoglobin, and platelets. It's used to look at overall
health and find a wide range of conditions, including anemia, infection
and leukemia.
This includes red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, and platelets.
BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS
Pemeriksaan interferon
gamma (IFN-γ) release
assay (IGRA) berdasarkan
prinsip bahwa sel T
individu yang tersensitisasi
akan memproduksi
IFN-γ ketika terpapar antigen
MTB.
Metode ini
menggunakan MTB specific
region of difference
1 (RD 1) , seperti ESAT6 dan
culure filtrate pro-
tein 10 (CFP10).
IGRA INTERPRETATIONS
IGRA interpretations are based on the amount of IFN-g that is released or
on the number of cells that release IFN-g. Both the standard qualitative test
interpretation (positive, negative, or indeterminate) and the quantitative
assay measurements (Nil, TB, and Mitogen concentrations or spot counts)
should be reported.
As with the tuberculin skin tests (TSTs), IGRAs should be used as an aid in
diagnosing infection with M. tuberculosis. A positive test result suggests that
M. tuberculosis infection is likely; a negative result suggests that infection is
unlikely. An indeterminate result indicates an uncertain likelihood of M.
tuberculosis infection. A borderline test result (T-Spot only) also indicates an
uncertain likelihood of M. tuberculosis infection.
A diagnosis of LTBI requires that TB disease be excluded by medical
evaluation. This should include checking for signs and symptoms suggestive
of TB disease, a chest radiograph, and, when indicated, examination of
sputum or other clinical samples for the presence of M. tuberculosis.
Decisions about a diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection should also include
epidemiological and historical information.
PEMERIKSAAN SPUTUM
Sputum adalah zat lendir (terdiri dari sel dan materi lainnya) yang
disekresikan ke saluran pernafasan (paru-paru, bronkus, trakea) dan bisa
dikeluarkan dengan batuk atau tertelan.
Komposisi sputum terdiri dari 95% air, 5% komponen organik: karbohidrat
(seperti asam sialat yang berkontribusi terhadap viskositas tinggi), protein
(enzim, imunoglobulin), glikoprotein yang juga berkontribusi terhadap sifat
sputum visoelastik.
Warna sputum normal putih atau tidak berwarna.
Pemeriksaan sputum bermanfaat untuk menegakkan diagnosis infeksi dan
monitoring
Pewarnaan gram, jamur, BTA, Kultur + sensitivitas sputum
Materi sputum yg benar neutrophil > 25/LPF & Epitel squamos <10/LPF
Teknik sampling sputum batuk spontan, induksi sputum, bronkoskopi
Semua spesimen harus dikirim ke laboratorium secepat mungkin segera
setelah pengambilan.Bila hal ini tidak dapat dilakukan simpan dalam
lemari es pada suhu 2-8 0C, jangan lebih dari satu malam. Jika tidak ada
lemari es dan penundaan pengiriman sekitar lebih dari 3 hari maka harus
diberi pengawet yaitu campuran dari 1 % cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC)
dan 2 % sodium choride.
GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Distinctive purple appearance Pale reddish color after gram
after gram staining staining
Bacteria include all Bacteria include enterobacter
staphylococci, all streptococci species, salmonella species and
and some listeria species pseudomonas species
Thick peptidoglycan layer Thin peptidoglycan layer
No outer lipid membrane Outer lipid membrane present
No O-specific side chains present O-specific side chains present
Teichoic and lipoteichoic acids Teichoic and lipoteichoic acids
present not present
KULTUR SPUTUM