Student Book answers B10 The human nervous system

B10.1 Principles of homeostasis

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1 regulation of internal conditions of cell or organism 1
to maintain optimum functional conditions 1
in response to internal and external changes 1
2 receptors
cells that detect changes in internal or external environment 1
may be part of nervous or hormonal control systems 1
coordination centres
areas that receive and process information from receptors and 1
coordinate body’s response
may be part of nervous or hormonal control systems 1
effectors
bring about response to signal from coordination centres 1
may be muscles or glands 1
3a Any three from: 3 Any other valid suggestion.
• temperature increase
• temperature decrease
• levels of sunlight increase
• wind levels increase
• lack of food
3b temperature increase – warming body 3 Any other valid suggestion. Explanations
temperature decrease – cooling body must match answers given in 3a.
levels of sunlight increase – burning skin
wind levels increase – increasing cooling from skin surface
lack of food – hunger.

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 Student Book answers B10 The human nervous system

B10.2 The structure and function of the human nervous system

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1a to take in information from external and internal environment 1
and coordinate body’s response 1
so you can react to surroundings 1
1b neurone: single nerve cell; 1
nerve: bundle of hundreds or thousands of neurones 1
1c sensory neurone: carries impulses from sense organs to central 3
nervous system (CNS);
motor neurone: carries information from CNS to body’s effector organs
(muscles and glands)
2a eye, 1
ear, 1
skin, 1
nose, 1
tongue 1
2b eye: light 1
ear: sound, pressure 1
skin: touch, pressure, pain, temperature, vibration 1
nose: smell 1
tongue: taste 1
3 light from fruit detected by sensory receptors in eyes, 1
impulse travels along sensory neurone to brain, 1
information processed in brain, 1
impulse sent along motor neurone 1
to muscles of arm and hand 1
so you pick up fruit and put it in mouth 1

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 Student Book answers B10 The human nervous system

B10.3 Reflex actions

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1a They enable you to avoid damage and danger because they happen 1
very fast.
They control many vital bodily functions, such as breathing, without 1
need for conscious thought.
1b This would slow process down, making it less effective at preventing 1
damage. It would be very difficult to consciously control all bodily
functions and still be able to do anything else.
2 Reflex actions (e.g., breathing, swallowing) need to happen constantly 1
and operate automatically, even when you are asleep,
so cannot rely on conscious thought processes. 1
Speaking and eating require coordination of different areas of body 1
so need to be under conscious control. 1
3 stimulus (pinprick) → receptor → sensory neurone (electrical impulse) 6
→ synapse (chemical impulse) → relay neurone (electrical impulse) →
synapse (chemical impulse) → motor neurone (electrical impulse) →
muscles in leg lift foot

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