 The neurons of the pontine respiratory group transmit nerve impulses to the

Cerebellum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Medulla, Spinal Cord

 Which area in the figure is the sum of the vital capacity and residual volume?
 Which area in the figure represents a very deep exhalation, much greater than the tidal
volume?
 Which area in the figure is the sum of the residual volume and the expiratory reserve
volume?
 Which area in the figure represents the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a deep
exhalation?
 Which area in the figure is the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve
volume? 
 Which area in the figure represents a very deep inhalation, much greater than the tidal
volume?
 Which area in the figure represents the volume of a normal breath?
 Which area in the figure is the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve
volume and expiratory reserve volume?
 Which cell secretes surfactant?
 Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange?

 Which of the following is the primary gas exchange site?

Alveolus, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Nasal Sinuses

 Which of the following is a factor that affects pulmonary ventilation?

Elastic recoil of the chest wall & lungs, Lung compliance, Airway resistance, Surface
tension of the alveolar fluid, All of these are factors that affect pulmonary ventilation

 Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration?

In the hypothalamus, In the cerebrum, In the pons, In the Cerebellum, In the medulla

 Which structure is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi?
Larynx, Nasopharynx, Trachea, Pharynx, None of these choices

 Where is the larynx?

 Where is the uvula?
 Where are the nasal conchae?
 Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx?

 If each hemoglobin molecule has bound 3 oxygen molecules, the hemoglobin is

considered to be saturated at what percentage?
15%, 75%, 30%, 50%, 3%

 Exhalation begins when?

Diaphragm contracts, Blood circulation is the lowest, Inspiratory muscles relax, Inspiratory
muscles relax & diaphragm contracts, All of these choices

 Where is the inferior nasal concha?

 What is E pointing to?
 Where is the middle nasal concha?

 The gas law that describes the pressure changes that occur during pulmonary
ventilation is?
Inhalation law, Charles law, The law of partial pressure, Henrys law, Boyles law

 What are lines C pointing to?

 Where is the terminal bronchiole?
 Which structure removes fine particles and debris within the alveolar space?
 Which letter represents the primary gas exchange structure?

 What is line J pointing to?

 What is line B pointing to? 
 Where is the right lobar bronchiole?
 What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi?
 Which of the following is a deep inhalation through a widely opened mouth producing
an exaggerated depression of the mandible, the precise cause of which is unknown?
Sobbing, Laughing, Hiccupping, Coughing, Yawning

 Which of the following is NOT a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas
exchange depends on?
Molecular weight & solubility of gases, Diffusion distance, Force of contraction of
diaphragm, Surface area for gas exchange, Partial pressure difference of the gases

 Which of the following is a long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete
closure of the rima glottidis, which results in a strong exhalation, pushing the rima
glottidis open and sending a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages?
Sneezing, Valsalva maneuver, Coughing, Sighing, Crying

 During normal quiet breathing, which of the following stimulates the diaphragm?
Pontine respiratory group, Ventral respiratory group, Dorsal & Ventral respiratory
groups, Dorsal respiratory group, All of the above

 Which structure in the figure is the hyoid bone?

 Which structure in the figure is the vocal fold?

 Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water?

Pharynx, Esophagus, Larynx, Paranasal sinuses, Trachea
 Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus?
Columnar connective tissue with goblet cells, Stratified squamous epithelium, Hyaline
cartilage, Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells, Simple
squamous epithelium
 Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin's affinity for
oxygen?
Partial pressure of the oxygen, Respiratory rate, pH of blood, Amount of oxygen
available, Temperature

 Where is the cricoid cartilage?

 What is line D pointing to?

 Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of pulmonary and systemic
gas exchange?
Surface area availability for gas exchange, Diffusion distance, Partial pressure
difference of gases, Molecular weight & solubility of the gases, All of these are factors
that determine the rate of pulmonary & systemic gas exchange

 Which of the following hormones does NOT stimulate production of BPG?

Thyroxine, Epinephrine, Calcitonin, Testosterone, HGH

 Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory system?

Nasal meatuses, Oropharynx, Trachea, Laryngopharynx, Nasal cavities

 Which of the following is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport in blood?
Dissolved in plasma as a gas, Bound to hemoglobin, Dissolved in the cytosol of the RBC,
Bound to oxygen, Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
 Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells, Hyaline cartilage, Bone,
Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin, Mucus membrane

 Which of the following are cells of the pulmonary alveoli that produce surfactant?
Type I alveolar cells, Type II alveolar cells, Type III alveolar cells, Surface cells,
Macrophanges
 Which structure prevents food or water from entering the larynx?
Arytenoid cartilage, Nasopharynx, Epiglottis, Paranasal sinuses, Thyroid cartilage,

 Which of the following is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume?
Total lung capacity, Inspiratory capacity, Functional residual capacity, Minimal volume,
Vital capacity

 When blood pH drops, the amount of oxyhemoglobin ________ and oxygen delivery to
the tissue cells ________.
Decreases ; Increases, Does not change ; Does not change, Increases ; Increases,
Decreases ; Decreases, Increases ; Decreases

 Which of the following is an accessory inhalatory muscle?

Internal intercostal, Diaphragm, Rectus abdominis, External intercostal, Pectoralis minor

 The volume of one breath is called the?

Expiratory reserve volume, Forced expiratory volume, Vital capacity, Inspiratroy reserve
volume, Tidal volume

 During quiet inhalation, which respiratory muscles contract?

Internal & external intercostals, Diaphragm & external obliques, Diaphragm & internal
obliques, Diaphragm & external intercostals, Diaphragm & intercostals

 The sum of the partial pressures of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water
vapor and other gasses in our environment is called?
Atmospheric pressure, Total partial pressure, Gaseous pressure, Vapor pressure,
Environmental pressure

 With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body
fluids?
Nervous, Urinary, Endocrine, Muscular, Digestive

 Which of the following is a conducting zone action?

Conduct air into the lungs, Warm air, Clean air of debris, Add water to air, All of these are
actions of the conducting zone

 Which of the following is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by

spasmodic closure of the rima glottidis, which produces a sharp sound on inhalation?
Hiccupping, Valsalva maneuver, Coughing, Sneezing, Laughing

 Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting
organs?
Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin, Ciliated cuboidal epithelium, Ciliated
transitional epithelium, Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, Columnar connective
tissue

 Exercise bring about an increase in?

Carbon dioxide retention, Pulmonary perfusion, Oxygen diffusion capacity, Both A & B,
Both B & C

 Which of the following indicates the direction of diffusion of gases at the pulmonary
alveoli of the lungs?
(Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide into blood), (Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide into
blood), (Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood), (Oxygen into blood, Carbon
dioxide out of blood)

 The MOST important factor that determines the percent of oxygen saturation of
hemoglobin is?
Heart rate, Volume of the blood, PCO2, Red blood count, PO2