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Lifespan Development Lives in Context 1st Edition Kuther Test Bank 1
Lifespan Development Lives in Context 1st Edition Kuther Test Bank 1
Multiple Choice
1. After birth, which part of the body grows last using the proximodistal growth principle?
a. Trunk
b. Arms
c. Legs
d. Feet
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Body Growth and Nutrition in Infants and Toddlers
Question Type: MC
2. Which growth pattern explains why an infant’s head at birth is one third the size of its body?
a. Bidirectional
b. Cephalocaudal
c. Proximodistal
d. Continuous
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.1
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Body Growth and Nutrition in Infants and Toddlers
Question Type: MC
3. Which growth pattern explains why a toddler catches a ball with both of his or her arms instead
of with only one hand?
a. Bidirectional
b. Cephalocaudal
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c. Proximodistal
d. Continuous
Ans: c
Learning Objective: 4.1
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Body Growth and Nutrition in Infants and Toddlers
Question Type: MC
5. Jeffrey is a toddler who lives in the United States and has regular medical checkups. Anna is a
toddler who lives in a nonindustrialized country and does not receive regular medical checkups.
Which of the following statements best describes the expected growth of Jeffrey and/or Anna?
a. Anna will grow just as tall and fast as Jeffrey because growth is mainly due to maturation.
b. Jeffrey will grow taller and faster than Anna because he lives in a country will good sanitation,
nutrition, and access to medical care.
c. Jeffrey will grow taller and faster than Anna because he is a boy.
d. Anna will grow taller and faster than Jeffrey because she does not have access to good
nutrition.
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.1
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Body Growth and Nutrition in Infants and Toddlers
Question Type: MC
6. A malnutritive disease that is characterized by lethargy, wrinkled skin, and a bloating and
swelling of the stomach, face, legs and arms is called:
a. kwashiorkor.
b. marasmus.
c. muscular dystrophy.
d. cerebral palsy.
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.2
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Malnutrition
Question Type: MC
7. Ashley lives in Sweden where she receives paid maternity leave until her baby is 1 year old.
What can we predict about Ashley’s choice in feeding for her baby?
a. Ashley will be equally likely to use formula or breast milk for her baby.
b. Ashley will most likely feed her baby solid foods at an earlier age.
c. Ashley will most likely feed her baby a formula substitute for breast milk.
d. Ashley will most likely breast-feed her baby.
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.2
Cognitive Domain: Application
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9. Which of the following would be an appropriate first solid food for a baby between 4 and 6
months of age?
a. Iron-fortified baby cereal mixed with breast milk or formula
b. Grapes cut up into very small pieces
c. Pureed meats
d. Pureed vegetables
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.2
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Solid Food
Question Type: MC
10. Which of the following is not one of the most common nutrients missing from infants and
toddlers’ diets?
a. Iron
b. Vitamin C
c. Zinc
d. Calcium
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.2
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Malnutrition
Question Type: MC
11. Why does transient exuberance occur in the early years of life?
a. Because the brain has developed very rapidly during the prenatal period and needs to catch
up.
b. Because the brain makes more connections than it needs in preparation to receive any and all
conceivable kinds of stimulation that an infant may encounter.
c. Because infants are most interested in external stimuli in the early years of life.
d. Because infants have not experienced myelination yet and so they need transient exuberance
to start the process.
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Processes of Neural Development
Question Type: MC
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14. Which time period in a child’s life is considered to be a very important time in terms of
experience and neural development?
a. Before birth, during the initial time of the brain formation.
b. The first three years of life when connections are forming between neurons.
c. Once a child begins formal education, approximately at the age of 5.
d. Once a child begins puberty and the final growth in brain development begins.
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Processes of Neural Development
Question Type: MC
16. Which area of the brain is least likely to show a peak in synaptogenesis in the first year of
life?
a. The sensorimotor cortex.
b. The subcortical part of the brain.
c. The visual cortex.
d. The prefrontal cortex.
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
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Chapter 04: Test Bank
17. Olivia is an infant with parents who provide her with stimulating toys, read to her every day,
and take her on walks where she can see, hear, smell, and touch various things in her
environment. What can we conclude about Olivia’s neural development?
a. Olivia will experience higher than average levels of myelination.
b. Olivia will experience a greater degree of synaptic pruning.
c. Olivia will experience higher than average levels of synaptogenesis.
d. Olivia will produce more neurons than other children who do not receive the same experiences.
Ans: c
Learning Objective: 4.3
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Processes of Neural Development
Question Type: MC
18. Jordan is an infant who lives in a Romanian orphanage. She does not receive any sort of
stimulating environment, but she does receive all the food and basic care she needs. She is not
read to and she spends most of her days sitting in her crib. What can we conclude about Jordan’s
neural development?
a. Jordan will experience higher than average levels of myelination.
b. Jordan will experience a greater degree of synaptic pruning.
c. Jordan will experience higher than average levels of synaptogenesis.
d. Jordan will produce more neurons to compensate for the deficit in experiences.
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.3
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Processes of Neural Development
Question Type: MC
20. When the brain depends on experiencing certain basic events and stimuli at key points in time
in order to develop normally, it is called:
a. neural-dependent myelination.
b. synaptogenesis.
c. experience-dependent brain development.
d. experience-expectant brain development.
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.4
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Experience and Brain Development
Question Type: MC
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21. Based on what researchers have learned regarding experience and neural development,
which statement best reflects their findings?
a. At all points in development, intrinsic and environmental factors interact to support the
structures and functions of the brain.
b. In infancy, genetics and biological functioning are more important to neural development.
c. In infancy, experience plays a more significant role in neural development than genetics.
d. The brain experiences the most growth during prenatal development, leading researchers to
conclude that genetics plays a greater role than the environment in neural development.
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.4
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Experience and Brain Development
Question Type: MC
22. Which type of brain development depends on contextual and cultural circumstances of a
child’s life?
a. Experience-expectant brain development
b. Experience-independent brain development
c. Experience-dependent brain development
d. Experience-equivalent brain development
Ans: c
Learning Objective: 4.4
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Experience and Brain Development
Question Type: MC
23. Which type of brain development is required for infants to develop normally?
a. Experience-expectant brain development
b. Experience-independent brain development
c. Experience-dependent brain development
d. Experience-equivalent brain development
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.4
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Experience and Brain Development
Question Type: MC
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Classical Conditioning
Question Type: MC
27. Which of the following statements does not accurately describe classical conditioning?
a. Classical conditioning is successful in newborns only for biological reflexes.
b. Classical conditioning requires only one exposure in newborns because newborns are primed
to learn based on the innate nature of their development.
c. Premature infants can demonstrate associative learning, though at slower rates than full-term
infants.
d. As infants grow older, classical conditioning occurs more quickly.
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.5
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Classical Conditioning
Question Type: MC
28. Which area of the brain is thought to underlie age-related gains in habituation skill?
a. The visual cortex.
b. The amygdala.
c. The occipital cortex.
d. The prefrontal cortex.
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.5
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Habituation
Question Type: MC
30. Carter is 3 years old. His mother breast-fed his baby sister. Carter’s mom was at work and he
was home with his grandmother. Carter took one of his stuffed animals and put it under his shirt.
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His grandmother asked him what he was doing and he replied, “I am feeding my baby.” Which of
the following does this illustrate?
a. Deferred imitation
b. Imitation
c. Habituation
d. Neurogenesis
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.6
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Imitation
Question Type: MC
33. Which of the following statements accurately describes an infant’s ability to imitate?
a. Infants are not able to engage in deferred imitation until they reach 1 year of age.
b. An infant is more likely to imitate an adult than they are another child.
c. Imitation is purely based on experience.
d. A 12-month-old infant is capable of demonstrating deferred imitation 4 weeks after observing a
person perform an action.
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.6
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Imitation
Question Type: MC
d. Alex is a 12-month-old who was watching his older brother put blocks into an ice cream bucket.
A week later, Alex was sitting next to an ice cream bucket and started putting blocks into the
bucket.
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.6
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Imitation
Question Type: MC
35. Which of the following statements is not reflective of an older infant’s ability to imitate?
a. An older infant has the ability to imitate after shorter demonstration periods.
b. An older infant is more likely to imitate a peer than they are another adult.
c. An older infant can display imitation after a long delay.
d. An older infant can generalize what they learn through imitation.
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Imitation
Question Type: MC
39. What is the newest perspective as to why infants won’t crawl across the visual cliff?
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a. Infants avoid the deep side of the cliff because they perceive that they are unable to
successfully navigate the drop.
b. Infants are afraid of heights.
c. Infants are typically unlikely to crawl across it because it is an unnatural situation.
d. Infants are not motivated to crawl across the visual cliff.
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.7
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Vision
Question Type: MC
40. Andrew, a 3-month-old baby, is participating in an experiment using the visual cliff. When the
researcher places him facedown on the deep side of the visual cliff, he quiets and shows a
decrease in heart rate. When he was placed on the shallow side of the cliff, his heart rate didn’t
decrease. Why did Andrew react this way?
a. Andrew doesn’t perceive a drop; he just was reacting to the change in position.
b. Andrew’s reduced heart rate demonstrates that he is feeling fear at being placed on the deep
side of the visual cliff.
c. Andrew is experiencing an innate reaction to a perceived drop when placed on the deep side.
d. Andrew noticed the difference between the shallow and deep drops, but he didn’t yet associate
fear with deep drops.
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.7
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Vision
Question Type: MC
42. Which of the following is not a sign that infants begin the process of learning language at
birth?
a. Newborns are attentive to voices.
b. Newborns can detect their mothers’ voices.
c. Newborns prefer to hear languages different from their native language.
d. Newborns prefer to hear speech sounds over nonspeech sounds.
Ans: c
Learning Objective: 4.7
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Hearing
Question Type: MC
43. Which area(s) of the brain shows activity when newborns are discriminating different speech
patterns?
a. The temporal and left frontal cortex.
b. The temporal and right frontal cortex.
c. The cerebellum.
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Chapter 04: Test Bank
44. Dr. Andrews is a researcher interested in studying newborn vision. She wants to know if
infants see objects that move and how well they can follow objects with their eyes. What strategy
should Dr. Andrews use?
a. Preferential looking
b. Habituation/dishabituation
c. Brain imaging
d. Visual tracking
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.7
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Vision
Question Type: MC
47. Max is a baby who hears his father’s voice and turns his head in the direction of the sound.
He also tries to track where his father is in the room with his eyes. What is this an example of?
a. Dishabituation
b. Temporal tracking
c. Reactivity
d. Intermodal perception
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.8
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Intermodal Perception
Question Type: MC
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48. What is necessary for newborns to be able to visually recognize their mother’s face?
a. They need to hear more people talk than just their mother.
b. Nothing is necessary because preference for their mother’s face is innate.
c. Their mother’s face must be paired with her voice at least once after birth.
d. They need to have visual acuity that is comparable to an adult’s visual acuity.
Ans: c
Learning Objective: 4.8
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Intermodal Perception
Question Type: MC
49. What is the earliest age that infants show a preference for viewing their mother’s face?
a. Immediately at birth.
b. Four hours after birth.
c. One week after birth.
d. Four months after birth.
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.8
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Intermodal Perception
Question Type: MC
50. How do researchers know that infants can integrate touch and vision early in life?
a. After infants are allowed to suck on either a smooth or a bumpy pacifier, they prefer to look at
the one they had previously sucked on.
b. Infants like to touch soft items when compared to hard items.
c. Infants reach for a toy and try to put the toy in their mouth.
d. After infants see an object, they will show a preference for that object in pictures.
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.8
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Intermodal Perception
Question Type: MC
53. The ability to control the large movements of the body is called:
a. small motor development.
b. fine motor development.
c. gross motor development.
d. physical motor development.
Ans: c
Learning Objective: 4.9
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Motor Milestones
Question Type: MC
56. Anna is asleep in her crib. Her brother comes into her bedroom and slams her door very
loudly. Anna throws her arms out, arches her back, and brings her arms back together. She starts
to cry. What reflex is Anna demonstrating?
a. Babinski reflex
b. Palmer grasp
c. Moro reflex
d. Rooting reflex
Ans: c
Learning Objective: 4.9
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Motor Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood
Question Type: MC
57. Connor is a newborn who is being breast-fed. Every time his mother holds him and touches
his cheek, he demonstrates a specific reflexive behavior. Which of the following behaviors is
Connor most likely doing?
a. He curls his finger around his mother’s finger.
b. He holds out his arms and arches his back.
c. He fans and curls his toes and hands.
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58. Which of the following does not support the role of maturation in motor development?
a. Infants from 1 to 7 weeks of age who practice stepping reflexes each day retain the
movements and walk earlier than infants who receive no practice.
b. Babies who are swaddled walk at the same time as non-swaddled babies.
c. Identical twins share a similarity in the timing and pace of motor development.
d. Cross-cultural research finds that infants around the world display roughly the same sequence
of motor milestones.
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.10
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Determinants of Motor Development
Question Type: MC
59. Which of the following statements is true regarding the choice of clothing and motor
development?
a. Babies who wear diapers have an easier time learning to walk than those who do not.
b. In the nineteenth century, 40% of American infants skipped crawling because the long, flowing
gowns they wore impeded the movement on hands and knees.
c. Babies who wear clothes that cover their knees are more likely to crawl than those who do not.
d. Babies from cold climates who wear more layers of clothing have more delayed motor
development than babies from warm climates who wear less clothing.
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.10
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Determinants of Motor Development
Question Type: MC
60. Which statement below is consistent with the maturational view of motor development?
a. Preterm infants reach motor milestones later than do full-term infants.
b. Infants who spend the first two years of life lying on their backs walk at later ages than other
children.
c. Infants who practice the stepping reflex daily walk earlier than those who do not.
d. Infants who spend time lying on their stomachs each day will crawl earlier.
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.10
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Determinants of Motor Development
Question Type: MC
61. Which statement below is not representative of the contextual view of motor development?
a. Preterm infants reach motor milestones later than do full-term infants.
b. Infants who spend the first two years of life lying on their backs walk at later ages than other
children.
c. Infants who practice the stepping reflex daily walk earlier than those who do not.
d. Infants who spend time lying on their stomachs each day will crawl earlier.
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 4.10
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Kuther, Lifespan Development Instructor Resource
Chapter 04: Test Bank
62. Maggie is an infant who has a mother that is very concerned about her motor development
because she was born premature. What recommendation does her pediatrician give to make sure
Maggie rolls over and crawls when she should?
a. Maggie should spend time sitting up on her mother’s lap.
b. Maggie should spend supervised playtime prone on her stomach every day.
c. Maggie should spend a great deal of time lying on her back each day.
d. Maggie should be held more often than children who are born full term.
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4.10
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Determinants of Motor Development
Question Type: MC
63. Which statement is true regarding the maturational view of motor development?
a. Infants who practice motor skill development develop faster than those who do not.
b. Identical twins do not show similarity in reaching motor milestones.
c. Infants who are swaddled walk later than those who are not.
d. Infants from around the world display roughly the same sequence of motor milestones.
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.10
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Determinants of Motor Development
Question Type: MC
64. Dr. Anderson is researching motor skill development in identical and fraternal twin infants.
What would his hypothesis be based on what we know about motor skill development?
a. Fraternal twins will share more similarities in the timing and pace of motor development than
identical twins.
b. Both identical and fraternal twins will share the same similarities in the timing and pace of
motor development.
c. Twins will be no more likely to be similar in the timing and pace of motor development than
siblings spaced apart in age.
d. Identical twins will share more similarities in the timing and pace of motor development than
fraternal twins.
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.10
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Determinants of Motor Development
Question Type: MC
65. Motor development reflects an interaction between maturation and environment in which the
infant acquires increasingly complex _____ of action.
a. reflex
b. maturation
c. continuity
d. dynamic systems
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 4.10
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Motor Development as a Dynamic System
Question Type: MC
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True/False
1. Proximodistal development refers to the principle that growth and development proceed from
the center of the body outward.
Ans: True
Learning Objective: 4.1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Body Growth and Nutrition in Infants and Toddlers
Question Type: TF
4. Over 75% of women who breast-feed continue until the child is 1 year of age.
Ans: False
Learning Objective: 4.2
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Breast-Feeding
Question Type: TF
5. Babies who are breast-fed longer than 6 months tend to have higher scores in language ability
at ages 5 and 10.
Ans: True
Learning Objective: 4.2
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Breast-Feeding
Question Type: TF
6. If synaptic pruning occurs in an infant’s or toddler’s brain, it signifies that there is a significant
cognitive deficit in that child.
Ans: False
Learning Objective: 4.3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Processes of Neural Development
Question Type: TF
7. The physical structure of our brain does not change from infancy.
Ans: False
Learning Objective: 4.4
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Experience and Brain Development
Question Type: TF
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10. Habituation indicates that an infant detects a change in one stimulus from another stimulus.
Ans: False
Learning Objective: 4.5
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Habituation
Question Type: TF
11. The speed at which infants habituate is associated with cognitive development when they
grow older.
Ans: True
Learning Objective: 4.5
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Habituation
Question Type: TF
13. Newborns do not understand imitation; rather, their facial expressions naturally mimic others.
Ans: True
Learning Objective: 4.6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Imitation
Question Type: TF
14. An infant is just as likely to imitate an intentional action as they are an accidental action.
Ans: False
Learning Objective: 4.6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Imitation
Question Type: TF
15. An infant’s ability to imitate someone sticking out his or her tongue is clearly a learned ability
and not related to an innate ability.
Ans: False
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19. Infants expect vision, auditory, and tactile information to occur together.
Ans: True
Learning Objective: 4.8
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Intermodal Perception
Question Type: TF
Short Answer
1. Why do newborns lose 5–10% of their body weight in the first few days after birth?
Ans: Newborns shed excess fluid.
Learning Objective: 4.1
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Body Growth and Nutrition in Infants and Toddlers
Question Type: SA
2. Caroline is a typically developing baby. How many pounds can her parents expect her to gain
during the second year of her life?
Ans: 5 or 6 pounds; five or six pounds; 5 or 6; 5, 6
Learning Objective: 4.1
Cognitive Domain: Application
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3. What condition do children have when their weight is less than 80% of the norm for their age
without any medical reason?
Ans: Failure to thrive
Learning Objective: 4.2
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Failure to Thrive
Question Type: SA
4. Jack was born with a cataract in his left eye. He never received treatment as an infant and
subsequently lost the ability to process visual stimuli in his left eye. What type of experience-
related brain development does Jack’s experience illustrate?
Ans: Experience-expectant brain development; experience-expectant
Learning Objective: 4.4
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Experience and Brain Development
Question Type: SA
5. MacKenzie pulled her puppy’s tail and the puppy bit her finger. Based on operant conditioning,
can we expect that MacKenzie will increase her behavior of pulling the puppy’s tail or decrease
her behavior?
Ans: Decrease; decrease her behavior
Learning Objective: 4.5
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Operant Conditioning
Question Type: SA
6. Carter’s mother is trying to help him with potty training. Every time he goes potty on the toilet,
he gets to pick a new toy car from a basket. Based on operant conditioning, what is the toy car
called?
Ans: A reinforcement; reinforcement; reinforcer
Learning Objective: 4.5
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Operant Conditioning
Question Type: SA
7. What is the system called that is responsible for a newborn’s innate ability to mimic facial
expressions?
Ans: The mirror neuron system; mirror neuron system; mirror neuron
Learning Objective: 4.6
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Imitation
Question Type: SA
8. What is the process of combining information from more than one sensory system?
Ans: Intermodal perception
Learning Objective: 4.8
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Intermodal Perception
Question Type: SA
9. If a baby does not have the ability to demonstrate reflexes, what is that a sign of?
Ans: Neurological deficits; neurological problems
Kuther, Lifespan Development Instructor Resource
Chapter 04: Test Bank
10. Motor development reflects an interaction between maturation and environment in which the
infant acquires increasingly complex _____ of action.
Ans: dynamic systems
Learning Objective: 4.10
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Motor Development as a Dynamic System
Question Type: SA
Essay
1. Why do children today grow taller and faster than ever before?
Ans: Improved sanitation, nutrition, and access to medical care have contributed to an increase in
children’s growth over the past century in the United States and other industrialized countries. In
particular, the availability of vaccinations to prevent infectious diseases has greatly contributed to
better health and improved growth trends in children today.
Learning Objective: 4.1
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Body Growth and Nutrition in Infants and Toddlers
Question Type: ESS
2. Explain why low-income women in the United States are less likely to breast-feed but low-
income women in developing countries are more likely to breast-feed.
Ans: The employment settings of low-income mothers in the United States may offer few
resources to support breast-feeding, such as private places for women to use breast pumps. In
contrast to industrialized countries, in developing countries women in the poorest social classes
are usually more likely to breast-feed their children. In these countries, educated women of higher
income brackets tend to shun breast-feeding and see it as an option primarily for low-income
women who are unable to afford formula.
Learning Objective: 4.2
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Breast-Feeding
Question Type: ESS
4. Explain what motor ability the palmar grasp and rooting reflex are replaced by once an infant
no longer demonstrates the reflexive movements.
Ans: The palmar grasp is replaced by a voluntary grasp and the rooting reflex is replaced by
voluntary head movement.
Learning Objective: 4.9
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Kuther, Lifespan Development Instructor Resource
Chapter 04: Test Bank
5. What are all the processes involved in an infant’s ability for motor development?
Ans: The processes involved in motor development are central nervous system maturation, the
infant’s physical capacities, environmental supports, and the infant’s desire to explore the world.
Motor development is learned by revising and combining abilities and skills to fit the infant’s
goals.
Learning Objective: 4.10
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Motor Development as a Dynamic System
Question Type: ESS