a University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka M Sc/PG Diploma in Electrical Installations Semester 2 Examination 2009/10 £E5116 — Lightning Protection October 2010 Additional Material Only authorised calculators and pre-authorised handout material will be permitted. Instructions to candidates This is @ closed book examination except as permitted above. This examination accounts for 60% of the module assessment Paper contains 4 questions in 4 pages, including cover page Answer All Questions ‘Total marks for the paper is 60 marks Marks allocated to a question, or each part thereof, are indicated in square brackets at the ‘end of the question or corresponding part. Clearly state any assumptions made, data assumed or interpretations made in the script Technical Information Permeability of free space jig = 4m * 107 H/m Permittivity of free space € = 8.854 x 107? F/m Velocity of light in free space = 2.998 * 10° m/s EES116 Lightning Protection - October 2010 University of Moraine Page 1 of 4This Page is intentionally left blank Oe oereeeameennmempmereeessan ed ‘£5116 Lighining Protection October 2010 University of Moratava Page 2 of 4est +, (a) Figure Qla shows a typical waveform ofa 20 | negative first stroke in a lightning _49 ‘occurence. By explaining the process of —_¢9 calculation, determine the wavefiont and || | Z wavetail times of the waveform. What } fraction of lightning is likely to be of ~'%9 as —eo-75 100" 125 150 T7500 ie negative polarity. [3 marks] igure Qla (b) Explain with the aid of diagrams three transient —¢!00>-———— coupling methods of lightning which will cause a i 90. need for surge protection devices to be used in a § gp home. [marks] § (©) Explain with the use of a suitable diagram how ; lightning surges may enter a building through & © exterior metalwork. CB marks} f° (@ Explain with the use of a suitable diagram step and * touch potential. If the voltage distribution is given by 30 figure QI(A), calculate the maximum step and touch 9 Potentials for a person standing around 1m from the, struck object. [3 marks} (©) Explain briefly the significance of the impulse °9 os ip 1s 70 a5 3098 aC impedance of an earth electrode system for lightning nce tom mc and how it differs from the earth electrode resistance. [3 marks] Figure QI(4) juestion 2 (@) Describe with the aid of suitable diagrams the Schlumberger method of measuring the earth resistivity. In a certain such measurement, with the current electrodes 20m apart and the potential electrodes 6m apart the voltmeter and ammeter readings were obtained as 100 mV and 1A. What can you deduce from these measurements? [4 marks] (b) Deseribe with the aid of suitable diagrams the 3 Location categories for surge voltage protection in a building. Taking any particular example and also considering the exposure levels, explain how the surge protective device ratings may be determined. [3 marks] (0) Explain briefly how transients may be generated, [2 marks} (4) Explain the clamping and crowbaring principles used in transient voltage surge suppressors giving examples for each, [3 marks} (@) You are required to provide Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) in a particular TT installation, Explain 2 likely configurations of the SPDs and how you would decide which configuration to go for. [3 marks} ee E5116 Lightning Protecton ~ October 2010 University of Moratiwa Page 3 of 4Question 3 (a) Describe briefly the calculation of Risk Index according to SLS 1261 and how it differs from the calculation of risk using risk components. {3 marks] (b) What is Keraunie Level and why is it important in the evaluation of Risk. Is there a better factor than the Keraunic Level for this purpose and is there any known relationship between these two factors? [3 marks} (©) Why is it necessary to assess risk in determining the need for protection. Is the decision to provide protection dependant purely on this analysis? [2 marks] (@) Explain with suitable diagrams what is meant by (a) common mode, and (b) differential mode entry of lightning surges into equipment. [2 marks) (©) Using a suitable sketch, explain Tests relevant to location categories. [2 marks] What are the typical Impulse Test Waveforms used in testing SPDs and what is the significance of these waveforms [3 marks] Question 4 (@) Explain what is meant by an external Lightning Protection System (LPS). [3 marks] (b) Explain the difference between the Protective angle method and Rolling sphere method of protecting buildings from direct lightning strikes and when each of these would be used. [3 marks} (©) Discuss the use of Natural components in the internal LPS. [3 marks] (@) Explain how you would provide protection against step and touch voltages? [3 marks] (©) Explain why it is necessary to inspect and maintain a LPS, and how should it be scheduled. [3 marks} [END OF QUESTION PAPER} EE5116 Latning Protection ~ October 2010 ‘Univers of Morte Page of 4