DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA

End-Sem Examination, Spring 2019

Subject: Antenna Analysis and Synthesis
Subject ID: EC 612 for B.Tech
EC 6402 for MTech/Ph.D.

Maximum marks: 50 Time: 3 hours

Instructions:

 Answer Question No 1 and any Four.

 All parts of a question should be written in a single continuous place.
This question paper
 Credit will be given for neatness and appropriateness of answers.
contains TWO pages
 Steps are essential for mathematical/numerical calculations.
 If not mentioned, assume all terms are carrying their usual meaning.

SL Question Marks

1 Answer the following short questions with appropriate logic (within one-four sentences). 2×5

(i) Explain the fringing effect?

(ii) Describe the use of pyramidal horn?
(iii) What do you mean by circular array?
(iv) How can the different fields for 𝐻𝐸𝑀 𝑧 mode of propagation be calculated?
(v) Describe different feeding techniques (along with diagram) for antenna array.

2 a) Write the use of antenna array? What is Array Factor (AF)? Derive its expression to 5
compute the AF for two element antenna array.
b) Draw the phasor diagram for N-element equidistant antenna array. Use Schelkunoff’s 5
Method to design a linear array with a spacing between the elements of 𝑑 = 𝜆 4 such that it
has zeros at 𝜃 = 0o , 45o , 90o and 135o . Determine the number of antenna elements and
their excitation.

3 (a) What do you mean by aperture antenna? What is the use of an aperture antenna? Write the 4
expressions for predicting the far-zone electric field i.e. 𝐸𝜃 and 𝐸𝜑 if we know 𝐴 and 𝐹
vectors.
(b) An aperture, placed on infinite ground plane has electric field distribution as given below:
6
𝐸 = 𝐸1 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐸2 𝑎𝑦 for 𝑥 ≤𝑎 2 and 𝑦 ≤𝑏 2
i. Compute the far-zone electric field i.e. 𝐸𝜃 and 𝐸𝜑 .
ii. Compute E-plane and H-plane

4 (a) Why do we need to learn ‘Horn Antenna’? What are E-plane and H-plane horn antennas? 4
Draw their pictorial diagrams.
(b) Describe the use of corrugated horn? Draw its pictorial diagram. 2
(c) What is wave-front? Why the concept of wave-front is important in case of horn antenna? 4
What is the procedure to handle it in horn antenna?

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5 (a) What is Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA)? Why do we prefer to use DRA over 3
Microstrip Antenna (MA)?
(b) Assuming a Rectangular DRA (RDRA) having dimensions 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑑 is working at 𝑇𝐸 𝑦 7
𝑦
mode. The field components for 𝑇𝐸 mode are given below:

1 𝜕𝜓𝑚𝑛 1 𝜕 2 𝜓𝑚𝑛
𝐸𝑥 = 𝐻𝑥 =
𝜀 𝜕𝑧 𝑗𝜔𝜇𝜀 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
1 𝜕2
𝐸𝑦 = 0 𝐻𝑦 = + 𝐾 2 𝜓𝑚𝑛
𝑗𝜔𝜇𝜀 𝜕𝑦 2
1 𝜕𝜓𝑚𝑛 1 𝜕 2 𝜓𝑚𝑛
𝐸𝑧 = − 𝐻𝑧 =
𝜀 𝜕𝑥 𝑗𝜔𝜇𝜀 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑧

(i) Derive the transcendental equation for computing the wave number along 𝑦-direction
𝑘𝑦 .
(ii) What is the fundamental mode of RDRA?
𝑦
(iii) Draw the internal field pattern(s) for 𝑇𝐸113 mode of RDRA.

6 (a) Fig. 1 depicts the antenna geometry of a Rectangular Microstrip Antenna (RMA) and the 7
𝑧 𝑧
RMA supports 𝑇𝑀𝑚𝑛𝑝 mode. The field components can be expressed for 𝑇𝑀 mode as:

1 𝜕 2 𝜓𝑚𝑛
𝐸𝑥 =
𝑗𝜔𝜇𝜀 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑧
1 𝜕 2 𝜓𝑚𝑛
𝐸𝑦 =
𝑗𝜔𝜇𝜀 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑧
1 𝜕2
𝐸𝑧 = + 𝐾 2 𝜓𝑚𝑛
𝑗𝜔𝜇𝜀 𝜕𝑧 2

1 𝜕𝜓𝑚𝑛
𝐻𝑥 =
𝜇 𝜕𝑦
1 𝜕𝜓𝑚𝑛
𝐻𝑦 = −
𝜇 𝜕𝑥
𝐻𝑧 = 0

Fig. 1 Geometry of Microstrip Antenna

𝑧
(i) Find the eigenfunction 𝜓𝑚𝑛 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 of RMA for 𝑇𝑀𝑚𝑛𝑝 mode
(ii) Derive the separation equation for RMA.
𝑧
(iii) Draw the field pattern(s) for 𝑇𝑀10 mode of RMA.

(b) Prove that the modal amplitude 𝐴𝑚𝑛 for RMA can be expressed as: 3
∗
𝑗𝜔𝜇 < 𝐽𝜓𝑚𝑛 >
𝐴𝑚𝑛 = ∗
𝑘 2 − 𝑘𝑚𝑛
2
< 𝜓𝑚𝑛𝜓𝑚𝑛 >

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