HLAB1 Manual

ENGN1218 Introduction to Electronics

HLAB1 Manual and Report:
Introduction to DC Resistor Circuits

Week: 4
Lab Duration: 3 hours
Total Marks: 20 (+1 bonus mark available)
Contribution to Final Assessment: 2%
Attendance: To pass this course, students must attend and complete at least 6 out
of 8 LABs, including HLAB5.
Pre-Lab Reading: The following resources will help you successfully complete the
lab.
• How to study for HLAB1 web page in wattle
• Week 3 Lectorial - includes pictorial diagrams for circuits to be constructed in this
lab. Please read this lab manual and submit any questions in advance (see wattle
for details).
• T3 V5-V6 Echo360 Lecture recordings and associated Textbook Sections 3.5 and
3.6.
• Completed Clab1 report (for obtaining the theoretical and simulated values)
• Appendices in HLAB1 document (this document)
• Video lectures in echo360: ‘HLAB1 How to use the digital multimeter’ and ‘HLAB1
How to use the power supply’
• Electrodoc or iTronixLite app (to identify resistor color codes)

Learning Objectives:
After completing this lab, students will be able to:
• Use Ohm’s law and series-parallel combinations of resistors to solve DC resistor
circuits.
• Identify resistor values using resistor colour codes.
• Use a DC power supply and construct DC resistor circuits on the breadboard.
• Use a digital multimeter to measure voltage, current and resistance.
• Appreciate the reasons for variations (if any) in theoretical calculations, simulation
values, and measured values.
The Australian National University School of Engineering 1
 Important safety instructions:
• Electrical safety and well-being of all students during the hardware lab time is of
paramount importance and is taken seriously by myself, lab supervisors and lab
tutors. In this regard, please:
• Wear (general) enclosed footwear with good sole during the lab time (no flip
flops!).
• Wear safety goggles during the lab time (provided). Note that if you wear
prescription glasses then you do not need to wear safety goggles.
• Never place food or drink next to any equipment. Accidental spills can damage
or destroy the equipment and your experiment and give you an electric shock.
• If you do not understand something, please ask the tutor immediately.
• If you are unsure, please ask the tutor to check your circuit, before you turn the
power ON.
• When you are done for the day, make sure you power down all equipment.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 2

 Lab Instructions:
Due Date: Lab is marked during the lab time, based on completion of tasks.
Submission: Show the tutors your completed Lab Report.
Bonus Marks: +1 bonus mark for completing Pre-Lab Tasks before coming to the lab
Instructions:
• Students will perform this lab individually or in groups of 2. In case of a group of
2, both students will work together to assemble the circuit, take measurements
and jointly complete the lab manual and will receive the same mark. There is no
need to complete separate lab manuals or for two group members to
individually assemble the same circuit.
• Use the lab time wisely. The focus should be on learning how to assemble the
circuits and use the lab equipment with confidence (DC power supply and digital
multimeters). With proper preparation, all students should be able to complete
the lab in about 2.5 hours. The lab group is 3 hour duration to allow marking to
be done during the lab time.
• Before leaving the lab, please make sure the tutors have recorded your
attendance and marks. Return all cables/meters to their original position and
clear your lab station. Log out of the lab computer (if applicable). Make sure to
take all resistors used in the experiments with you (please DO NOT return them
to their original boxes).
• Before coming to the lab, study the Pre-Lab Reading and read this entire lab
manual carefully. Lab time is precious. Do not waste it reading the background
material. If you do not do this minimum preparation, you may not be able to
complete all the tasks in the lab time, resulting in loss of marks.
• Complete the Pre-Lab Tasks. This includes completing the Self Test Questions (no
formal credit) and resistor colour codes (0.5 bonus mark if completed before
coming to the lab). The tutors will check this in the first 5 mins of the lab.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 3

 Lab Instructions: (Continued)
• Please print the Lab Report part of this manual and take one copy to the lab.
Alternatively, you can complete the lab manual electronically on your
laptop/tablet.
• Parts of the Lab Tasks require basic theoretical calculations (i.e., Sections 2.1, 3.1,
4.1 in Lab Tasks). Students have already done these calculations as part of Clab1.
There is no need to re-do the calculations. Simply reuse the results from CLab1.
Please fill in the theoretical values in the Sections 2.1, 3.1, 4.1 (in Lab Tasks)
BEFORE you come to the lab (0.5 bonus mark if completed before coming to the
lab). The tutors will check this in the first 5 mins of the lab. Bringing your marked
CLab1 report to HLab1 will not count towards getting this 0.5 bonus mark. The
values must be filled in Sections 2.1, 3.1, 4.1 in Lab Tasks BEFORE you come to the
lab. Note that the theoretical value in Section 5.1 is provided in this lab manual.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 4

Pre-Lab Tasks
Please read the Appendices in this document and then answer the follow questions, without
looking at the solutions provided on the next page

1. Self-Test Questions

1. Where is the “power” button on the power supply?

2. What other button must you press on the power supply to allow the power signal to be
available at the outputs?

3. What type of meter, besides a multimeter, could you measure voltage with?

4. What are the ports to use in the programmable multimeter, if it is to be used for current
measurement?

5. Is it possible to control the maximum current drawn from the voltage supply? If so, which
knob in the power supply should be utilized for this task?

6. How should an ammeter be wired into a circuit? Why?

7. How should a voltmeter be wired into a circuit? Why?

8. How should an ohmmeter be wired into a circuit? Why?

9. Are breadboard lines connected to the three hocks that exist next to the breadboard?
How are the breadboard lines internally connected?

The Australian National University School of Engineering 5

2. Self-Test Answers

1. Where is the “power” button on the power supply?

Ans: (Appendix C) red button in the middle of the front face of the piece of equipment.
2. What other button must you press on the power supply to allow the power signal to be
available at the outputs?
Ans: (Appendix C) the “OUTPUT ON” button.
3. What type of meter, besides a multimeter, could you measure voltage with?
Ans: Voltmeter.
4. What are the ports to use in the programmable multimeter, if it is to be used for current
measurement?
Ans: (Appendix C) the "COM" (black) port and either "A" or "mA" (blue) port
5. Is it possible to control the maximum current drawn from the voltage supply? If so,
which knob in the power supply should be utilized for this task?
Ans: (Appendix C) yes; using the "Current" dial above each of the 0-20V voltage sources.
6. How should an ammeter be wired into a circuit? Why?
Ans: Ammeters have very low input resistance (effectively a short-circuit) and are wired
in series so that they can measure the current through the original circuit. With such a
low resistance they effectively act as a wire. If wired in parallel, they will act as a short-
circuit and you will almost certainly blow the fuse.
7. How should a voltmeter be wired into a circuit? Why?
Ans: Voltmeters have exceedingly high resistance and are connected in parallel to
measure the voltage across a component. The have high resistance so as not to draw
current away from the component of interest, thus affecting the voltage drop across it.
8. How should an ohmmeter be wired into a circuit? Why?
Ans: Ohmmeters are connected in parallel with the resistance they are required to
measure − without the power on. They inject their own test current, acting as a current
source in parallel with a voltmeter. Having an additional power source will interfere with
the measurement.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 6

9. Are breadboard lines connected to the three hocks that exist next to the breadboard?
How are the breadboard lines internally connected?
Ans: No. The breadboard lines are NOT internally connected to the three hocks that
exist next to the breadboard. You need to use wires to connect them, as shown in the
figure below.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 7

3. Colour Codes for Resistors

3.1 How to Read 5 Band Resistors

For the 5 band resistor

• Band 1 – First significant digit

• Band 2 – Second significant digit
• Band 3 – Third significant digit
• Band 4 – Multiplier
• Band 5 – Tolerance

These bands are illustrated in the figure to

the right.

The first 4 bands make up the resistance nominal value. The first 3 bands make up the
significant digits where:

• black – 0 • yellow – 4 • grey – 8

• brown – 1 • green – 5 • white – 9
• red – 2 • blue – 6
• orange – 3 • violet – 7

The 4th band or multiplier band is color coded as follows:

• black – x1 • yellow – x10K • grey – x100M
• brown – x10 • green – x100K • white – x1G
• red – x100 • blue – x1M • gold – .1
• orange – x1K • violet – x10M • silver – .01
The fifth band is the tolerance and represents the worst case variation one might expect
from the nominal value. The color code for tolerance is as follows:

• brown – 1% (we • yellow – 4% • gray – .05%

will be using 1%
• green – .5% • gold – 5%
resistors in the lab)
• blue – .25% • silver – 10%
• red – 2%
• violet – .1%
• orange – 3%

The Australian National University School of Engineering 8

An example of a resistance value is:

band 1 = orange = 3, band 2 = yellow = 4, band 3 = green = 5, band 4 = blue = 1M

value = 345*1M = 345 Mohm

If the nominal value was 345 Ohm and the 5th band of the resistor was gold (5%) the value
range would be nominal ± 5% = 327.75 to 362.25.

3.2 Using an App

In iTronixLite App, you can specify a resistor value and it gives you the color code. You can
then compare it with the resistor color code to make sure you are using the right value resistor.

In the Electrodoc app, you can select color codes and it gives you the corresponding resistor
value.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 9

Lab Tasks
1. Simple Resistive Circuit

Figure 1: A simple resistive circuit.

1.1 Theoretical Calculation

Consider the circuit shown in Fig. 1. Use Ohm’s law to theoretically find the current 𝐼𝐼1 and
record the circuit’s measured results in Section 1 of the Lab Report.

1.2 Lab Procedure [5 Marks]

Please carefully read the following. If you are unsure, please ask the tutor before
proceeding with constructing the circuit in Fig. 1.

In all the lab tasks:

(a) Ohmmeter refers to hand-held Digital Multimeter set to measure
resistance. The resistance needs to be removed from the circuit before
measuring its value.

(b) Voltmeter refers to hand-held Digital Multimeter set to measure DC

voltage. The circuit needs to be connected and powered up before
measuring the voltage.

(c) Ammeter refers to Digital Multimeter unit located next to the DC

power-supply (see Fig. 8). Please do not use the hand-held Digital
Multimeter as an ammeter as it is hard to reliably insert it in series in the
circuit. Also do not use the inbuilt current measurement option available in
the voltage sources to measure the current drawn from the supply.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 10

1. Construct the circuit in Fig. 1. For this step select R1 = 1.2kΩ.

2. Connect Ohmmeter in parallel to R1 and record the measured value in Table 1 of

Section 1 in the Lab Report. For measuring resistance, R1 should be disconnected from
the circuit. Ask tutors if you are unsure.

3. Connect Voltmeter in parallel to R1 and record the voltage drop across R1 in Table 1 of
Section 1 in the Lab Report.
[1 mark]
4. Connect Ammeter in series in the circuit as shown in Fig. 2. Note that Ammeter has a
very small internal resistance, which can be ignored. Record the value of current in
Table 1 of Section 1 in the Lab Report.
[2 marks]

Figure 2: A simple resistive circuit.

5. Repeat steps 2 to 5 in Section 1.2 (in Lab Tasks) for R1 = 8.2kΩ. Record the results in
Table 2 of Section 1 in the Lab Report.

[1 mark]

6. Compare the theoretical and measured values of I1. Calculate in percentage by how
much the measured values differ from the theoretical values. Briefly elaborate and
explain one possible reason for your measured values to be different from the
theoretical values. Write your observations in Section 1 of the Lab Report.

[1 mark]

The Australian National University School of Engineering 11

2. Simple Resistive Circuit

Figure 3: DC circuit with two voltage sources.

2.1 Theoretical Calculation

Consider the circuit shown in the Fig. 3. The results for this circuit are to be tabulated in
Table 3 of Section 2 in the Lab Report.

2.2 Lab Procedure [2.5 Marks]

1. Construct the circuit in Fig. 3. You need to use two DC voltage sources available in the
DC power supply unit. Ask the tutors if you are unsure about the connections or
grounding in the circuit.

2. Connect Ohmmeter in parallel to R1 and record the measured value in Table 3 of Section
2 in the Lab Report. For measuring resistance, R1 should be disconnected from the circuit.
Ask the tutors if you are unsure.

3. Connect Voltmeter in parallel to R1 and record the voltage drop across R1 in Table 3 of
Section 2 in the Lab Report.

[1 mark]

4. Divide measured voltage by measured resistance to find the measured current through
the resistor R1. Note that this method of measuring the current avoids the use of
Ammeter and is a simpler method of measuring the current. Record the measured
current value in Table 3 of Section 2 in the Lab Report.

[1 mark]

5. Compare the simulated values with the theoretical and measured value. Write your
observations in Section 2 of the Lab Report.
[0.5 mark]

The Australian National University School of Engineering 12

3. DC Voltage Sources with Opposite Polarities

Figure 4: DC circuit with two voltage sources.

3.1 Theoretical Calculation

Consider the circuit shown in the Fig. 4. The results for this circuit are to be tabulated in
Table 4 of Section 3 in the Lab Report.

3.2 Lab Procedure [2.5 Marks]

1. Construct the circuit in Fig. 4 by reversing the polarity of V1 in circuit for Task 3 (in Lab
Tasks).

2. Connect Voltmeter in parallel to R1 and record the voltage drop across R1 in Table 4 of
Section 2 in the Lab Report.

[1 mark]

3. Copy the measured value for R1 from Table 3 of Section 2 in the Lab Report.

4. Divide measured voltage by measured resistance to find the measured current through
the resistor R1. Note that use of Ammeter is not required in this step. Record the
measured current value in Table 4 of Section 2 in the Lab Report.

[1 mark]

5. Compare the simulated values with the theoretical and measured value. Write your
observations in Section 3 of the Lab Report.

[0.5 mark]

The Australian National University School of Engineering 13

4. Simple Resistive Circuit

Figure 5: A simple resistive circuit.

4.1 Theoretical Calculation

Consider the circuit shown in the Fig. 5. The results for this circuit are to be tabulated in
Table 6 of Section 4 in the Lab Report.

4.2 Lab Procedure [7 Marks]

1. Construct the circuit in Fig. 4.

2. Connect Ohmmeter in parallel to R1 and record the measured value in Table 5 of Section
4 in the Lab Report. Repeat the process for R2 and R3. Before measuring the values, the
resistances should be disconnected from the circuit.

3. Connect the Voltmeter in parallel to R1 and record the voltage drop across R1 in Table 6
of Section 4 in the Lab Report. Repeat the process for both R2 and R3.

[3 marks]

4. Divide measured voltage across R1 by measured resistance for R1 to find the measured
current i1 through the resistor R1. Note that use of Ammeter is not required in this step.
Record the value in Table 6 of Section 4 in the Lab Report. Repeat the process for R2 and
R3.

[3 marks]

5. Comprehensively compare the theoretical, simulated, and measured value. Write your
observations in Section 4 of the Lab Report.

[1 mark]

The Australian National University School of Engineering 14

5. Resistor Ladder Circuit

5.1 Theoretical Calculation

A resistor ladder circuit is an electrical circuit made from repeating units of resistor. In
digital-to-analog (DAC) convertor circuits (students will study the theory of these circuits in
the second year ENGN2218 course), an R-2R ladder network is typically used.

You have already experienced DACs in action in real life! DACs are commonly used in music
players to convert digital data streams into analog audio signals. They are also used in
televisions and mobile phones to convert digital video data into analog video signals.

A simplified DAC circuit is shown in Fig. 6. For this circuit, the theoretical value of the output
voltage is given in Table 7 of Section 4 in the Lab Report.

Figure 6: A resistor ladder network.

5.2 Lab Procedure [3 Marks]

1. Construct the circuit in Fig. 6. Use 1kΩ resistors only. You need to connect two 1kΩ
resistors in series to get a 2kΩ resistor. You will need seven 1kΩ resistors to construct
the circuit. This task tests your ability to breadboard a medium complexity circuit.

2. Connect the Voltmeter to the circuit node labelled "OutputVoltage" and record the
measured value of the output voltage in Table 7 of Section 4 in the Lab Report. Note
that the output voltage is measured at the circuit node labelled "OutputVoltage" in Fig.
6 with respect to the ground.

[3 marks]

The Australian National University School of Engineering 15

Appendices
1. General Rules and Procedures

All engineers should have a working knowledge of basic circuit analysis and electrical
measurement techniques. This lab will give you practical experience with the distribution of
current and voltage in DC circuits, and with the operation and limitations of the equipment
used to supply and measure these quantities. Some general rules:

1. Never adjust a power supply to exceed the specified voltage by more than about 10%.

Reason: Excessive voltage can increase the risk of (possibly dangerous) component
failure.

2. Never work on a “live” circuit. Switch off the power supply before making changes or
connections.

Reason: Your safety.

3. Never connect an ohmmeter to a circuit while power is applied.

Reason: Your safety. Also, ohmmeters are connected in parallel with the resistance they
are required to measure without the power on. They inject their own test current, acting
as a current source in parallel with a voltmeter. Having an additional power source will
interfere with the measurement.

4. Never connect an ammeter in parallel with a component or circuit. Wire it in series.

Reason: You will blow a fuse. Ammeters have very low input resistance (effectively a
short- circuit) and are wired in series so that they can measure the current through the
original circuit. With such a low resistance they effectively act as a wire. If wired in
parallel, they will act as a short-circuit and you will almost certainly blow the fuse.

5. Never connect a voltmeter in series with a component or circuit. Wire it in parallel.

Reason: It will act as an open circuit. Voltmeters have exceedingly high resistance and
are connected in parallel to measure the voltage across a component. The have high
resistance so as not to draw current away from the component of interest, thus affecting
the voltage drop across it.

6. Be certain your circuit is wired correctly before turning power ON.

Reason: The “trial and error” approach is too slow, and can create unpleasant odours.

7. Record your results in the lab manual. Any calculations, observations, tables and graphs
(if asked) must also be entered in the lab manual.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 16

 Reason: It is good practice to get into the habit of recording your work in an organised
way. (And, it is marked.)

8. Record exactly what you see. If this differs from what you expect, record both and try to
explain any discrepancies.

Reason: Even the best theory is only a model of reality.

2. Using a Hand-Held Digital Multimeter

A multimeter allows the measurement of different (multiple) quantities in a circuit. The Fig.
6 and Fig. 7 show one of the types of multimeters used in the lab. You may be using one with
a slightly different layout, but identical features.

1. The main dial allows you to choose the quantity that you want to measure.

Figure 6: Use the dial to choose the variable to be measured.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 17

 Figure 7: Note that in measuring current, the red probe is connected to a different terminal.

2. It measures typically voltage (DC and AC), current (DC and AC) and resistance. The
individual meters with which you could also measure these quantities are called a
voltmeter, ammeter and ohmmeter, respectively.

3. There is also a button to adjust the range (e.g., mV, V).

4. Use Select button to choose between AC or DC, and Resistance/diode/short test modes.

5. Be cautious in measuring current in which case the red probe needs to be connected to
current terminal on the bottom as Ammeter is connected in series in the circuit.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 18

 3. Using the DC Power Supply

Fig. 8 shows the DC power-supply face of one of the pieces of equipment in the lab (the other
half of this piece of equipment is a multimeter).

Figure 8: Note that in measuring current, the red probe is connected to a different terminal.

1. There are 3 power supplies: two variable DC supplies between 0 and 20V, with fine and
coarse adjustment knobs, and one fixed at 5V in the middle.

2. The grounds of each are separate (called floating powers). This enables series or parallel
connections between power supplies.

3. Each of the variable DC supplies has two knobs above it, to adjust the voltage and current
limits, respectively.

4. Use appropriate cables to connect to the power supply and the programmable
multimeter, to avoid impedance mismatch. If you are unsure which cables to use, please
ask the tutor.

The main power button for this piece of equipment is the narrow red button in the centre.
Also notice the OUTPUT ON button. Power is only supplied if this button is pressed in. This
button is to prevent from changing voltage or current limit while power is enabled. That is
once the voltage and current limit are set first and then enable the power.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 19

ENGN1218 HLab1 Report
Pre-Lab Tasks for Bonus Credit
Identify the band colours of the resistors shown below and record the colour for each band
in the tables. Based on the band colours, calculate the value of each resistor. All resistors have
five bands and 1% tolerance. [0.5 mark]
Bands 1
Bands 2
Bands 3
Bands 4
Bands 5
R (Ω)

Bands 1
Bands 2
Bands 3
Bands 4
Bands 5
R (Ω)

Bands 1 Brown (1)

Bands 1
Bands 2 Red (2)
Bands 2
Bands 3 Black (0)
Bands 3
Bands 4 Brown (x10)
Bands 4
Bands 5 Brown (±1%)
Bands 5
R (Ω) 1.2k ±1%
R (Ω)

Bands 1
Bands 2
Bands 3
Bands 4
Bands 5
R (Ω)

Bands 1
Bands 2
Bands 3
Bands 4
Bands 5
R (Ω)

Fill in the theoretical values in the Sections 2.1, 3.1, 4.1 in Lab Tasks BEFORE you come to
the lab. This will be checked in the first 5-10 mins.

[0.5 Marks]

The Australian National University School of Engineering 20

Lab Report
1. Simple Resistive Circuit [5 Marks]
Use Ohm’s law to find the value of I1 (mA) for 𝑅𝑅1 = 1.2kΩ and 𝑅𝑅2 = 8.2kΩ, respectively.
Record the results in Table 1 and Table 2. Use the space provided below for the theoretical
calculations.

Voltage Resistance Current

V1 (V) R1 (kΩ) I1 (mA)

Theoretical 10 1.2

Measured

Table 1: Results of the circuit in Fig. 1 with 𝑅𝑅1 = 1.2kΩ

Voltage Resistance Current

V1 (V) R1 (kΩ) I1 (mA)

Theoretical 10 8.2

Measured

Table 2: Results of the circuit in Fig. 1 with 𝑅𝑅1 = 8.2kΩ

The Australian National University School of Engineering 21

Compare the theoretical and measured values of I1. Calculate in percentage by how much the
measured values differ from the theoretical values.

Percent error = ([measured value - theoretical value] / theoretical value) x 100%

Briefly elaborate and explain one possible reason for your measured values to be different
from the theoretical values. Things to consider in your response include:

• The model for the component used in the calculations.

• Complexity of the circuit (no. of components in the circuit).

• Accuracy of measurement equipment.

• Component values (nominal, tolerance).

• Connections are (im)perfect, interference from outside circuits.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 22

2. DC Voltage Sources [3.5 Marks]
Tabulate the results of the circuit from Fig. 3 into Table 3. Note that the circuit is the same as
the circuit in Clab1, Task 1. Copy the theoretical and simulated values from Clab1

Voltage Resistance Current

Vx (V) R1 (kΩ) I (mA)

Theoretical 100

Simulated 100

Measured

Table 3: Results of the circuit in Fig. 3

Compare the simulated values with the theoretical and measured value. Write your
observations in two or three sentences below. Some additional things to consider in your
response include:

• The model for the component used in the simulations.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 23

3. DC Voltage Sources with Opposite Polarities [2.5 Marks]
Tabulate the results of the circuit from Fig. 4 into Table 4. Note that the circuit is the same as
the circuit in Clab1, Task 2. Copy the theoretical and simulated values from Clab1.

Voltage Resistance Current

Vx (V) (kΩ) I (mA)

Theoretical 100

Simulated 100

Measured

Table 4: Results of the circuit in Fig. 4

Compare the simulated values with the theoretical and measured value. Write your
observations in two or three sentences below.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 24

4. Simple Resistive Circuit [6 Marks]
Tabulate the measured results of R1, R2 and R3 in Table 5.

Nominal 1.5 kΩ 3.3 kΩ 5.6 kΩ

Measured

Table 5: Measured resistor values

Tabulate the results of the circuit from Fig. 5 into Table 5. Note that the circuit is the same as
the circuit in Clab1, Task 3. Copy the theoretical and simulated values from Clab1.

Voltage drop across resistor (V) Current through resistor (mA)

R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

Theoretical

Simulated

Measured

Table 6: Results of the circuit in Fig. 5

Comprehensively compare the theoretical, simulated, and measured value. Write your
observations in two to five sentences below. Some of the things to consider in your response
include (you do not have to consider all the factors; consider those that you think are relevant):

• The model for the component used in the calculations.

• The model for the component used in the simulations.

• Complexity of the circuit (no. of components in the circuit).

• Impact of component values (nominal, tolerance).

• Impact of connections, interference from outside circuits.

• Accuracy of measurement equipment.

• Measurement errors from ignoring measurement loads and effects.

• Measurement uncertainties and resolution and errors.

The Australian National University School of Engineering 25

The Australian National University School of Engineering 26
5. Simple Resistive Circuit [3 Marks]
Tabulate the results in Table 7.

Theoretical output voltage 3.75 V

Measured output voltage

Table 7: Results of the circuit in Fig. 6

Total marks:
Uni IDs:

Date:

The Australian National University School of Engineering 27