Index

A Alcohol
polyvinyl 19
Abrasion resistance 37, 121, 222 Alkali 188
of Estercrete 195 resistance 29, 31, 125
of polyurethane-modified 198 Alkali-aggregate reaction 206, 217
Absorption Alkyl alkoxy silane 217
water 101 Alkylbenzene sulfonates 55
Accelerators Alumina cement 205, 212
in epoxy-modified 188 Alumina content 44
Acids Amines 183
chemical resistance 125 Amino alcohol derivative 217
Adhesion 31, 37, 111, 205, 222 Aniline hydrochloride 199
failure modes in 115 Anionic surfactants 24
of epoxy-modified 186 Anti-blocking aids 157, 159
of polyurethane-modified 198 Antifoamers 62, 65
to plywood 174 Antifoaming
to porous substrates 176 agents 24, 29, 51, 159, 183
Admixtures 188, 212 Antiwashout
chemical 217 underwater concretes 212
polymeric 212 Applications 2, 40, 43, 222
Aggregates 30, 34, 38 large areas 43
content 33, 38 Aramid
interactions 15 reinforcement 31
Air Artificial lightweight aggregates 30
content 33, 38 Artificial wood 217
entrainment 15, 17, 50, 62, 183 Ash content 159
transmission of 133 Asphalt emulsion 206
Air-entraining 29 Asphalt latex 205
agents 22, 42 Autoclave cure 212

227
228 Polymer-ModifiedConcrete and Mortars

B Caseinates 55
Catalyst 195
Bactericides 157 Cationic
Ball bearing latex-modified mortars 120
action of polymer particles 45 surfactants 24
Binder Cations 29
composite 45 Cellulose derivatives 175, 224
Binder-void ratio 34, 37 Cellulose-type polymers 213
defined 73 Cement
Bisphenol 183 gel 15
A-type epoxy 185 high-alumina 65
Bleeding 55 hydrate 186
Bond hydrates 15
cement-aggregate 55 ty&&l 17, 20, 29, 51, 77, 195, 199
hydrate-aggregate 17 hydraulic 1
Bond strength 111 inorganic 45
measurement of 111, 120 paste 15, 73
of Estercrete 195 portland 1, 17
Bonding agents Cement content 37
latex-modified pastes as 115 of epoxy-modified 185
Bound ethylene content 58, 92, 104 Cement-fine aggregate ratio 31
Bound styrene content 58, 115, 121 Ceramic tiles 51, 115, 176
Bridge deck 145, 224 adhesives 159, 174
Chemical bonds 15
C
Chemical reactions 15
Calcium carbonate Chemical
as anti-blocking agent 157 resistance 17, 37, 39, 125, 222
Calcium hydroxide 14, 15 of epoxy-modified 186
content 120 of Estercrete 195
crystals 15 Chemical stability 58
Calcium ions 15 of polymer latex 29
Calcium nitrite 137 Chemical structures
Calcium oxide 92 of polymer latexes 24
Calcium silicate 14, 188 Chloride ion 25, 167
Calcium silicate-SBR latex-glass fiber- corrosion 145
based 217 penetration 17
Calcium sulfoaluminate 92 permeability of SBR-modified 65
Capillary cavities 176 Chloride ion
Capillary pores 15 penetration 133, 137, 205
Carbamide 199 test method 133
Carbon dioxide 137, 167 Chloride-induced corrosion 224
transmission of 133 Chlorine-containing polymers
Carbon fiber reinforced 86 incombustibility of 130
Carbon fibers 208 Chloroprene rubber 2, 15
reinforcement 31 Clay 157
Carbonation 17 as anti-blocking agent 157
Carbonation Co-matrix 1
resistance 19, 133, 205 phase formation 11, 12
Carboxymethyl cellulose 175
 Index 229

Colloidal Curing 44
properties of latexes 55 agents 183, 188
Coloring conditions 77
of latex-modified 31 of polyester-modified mortars 195
Combustibility 130 period 81
Composites 217
Compression D
adhesion in 111
Dams
Compressive strain
backfill material for 206
at failure 86
Deformation
Compressive
behavior 86
strength 33, 37, 39, 55, 62, 65, 77
catastrophic 99
and surface hardness 81
Densified system 212
effect of water absorption 104
Dibutyl phthalate 58
of epoxy-modified 188
Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A
of monomer-modified 199
(DGEBA) 183
of SBR-modified 81
Discontinuities 17
of steel fiber reinforced 77
in the microstructure 69
of water-soluble 176
Dry-blend 175
prediction of 73
Dry-out 19, 51
Concrete
of water-soluble 176
properties of 45
DSP 212
Consistency
Ductility 86
of latex-modified 46
Durability 31, 195
Copolymer 29
of Estercrete 195
modifiers 104
of ferrocements 208
systems 24
Corrosion E
of reinforcing bars 133
of structural steel supports 145 Elasticity
Corrosion resistance 30 modulus of 86
Cost-performance 224 Elastomeric polymers 24
Coupling agent 212 Elastomers
Crack control 208 impact resistance with 121
Crack propagation Electrical charges
prevention 17 of polymer particles 24
Crack resistance 205 Electrochemically active
Crack-bridging 206 co-matrixes 120
Cracks Elongation 86, 205, 206
probability of 81 Emulsifiers 65, 185
Creep behavior Emulsion
of latex-modified 99 polymerization 23, 24, 157
Crosslinkage 212 Epichlorohydrin 183
Cure Epoxide 183
autoclave 212 Epoxy 205
dry vs. wet 51 latex 24
effect on strength 69 one-component 188
resin 4, 183
230 Polymer-ModiJed Concrete and Mortars

Epoxy-modified Flexural strength 31, 37, 55

properties of 186 effect of water absorption 104
Epoxy-modified system 185 of EVA-modified 65
Estercrete 4, 195 of MDF cements 212
Ethylene 92 of SBR-modified 58
Ethylene content of steel fiber reinforced 77
bound 58 of ultrarapid-hardening 208
Ettringite 14 of water-soluble 176
EVA superior 222
latex 157 vs. temperature 125
polymer latex 205 Flexure
EVA latex adhesion in 111
for water resistance 104 Floor overlays
EVA powder- self-leveling 159, 174
modified 163, 167, 174 Flow
EVA-modified 208 of latex-modified 46
flexural strength of 65 Fly ash 188
strengths of 58 Formaldehyde 199
water permeability 104 Formation model 12
Expansion Fracture toughness 17
of PVDC-modified 99 Free radical 24
of SBR-modified 99 Freeze-thaw
Expansive additives 92 durability 17, 19, 141, 167
Exposure Freeze-thaw stability 29
long-term outdoor 145 Frost resistance 141, 144
Extensibility 31, 86 Fur-fury1 alcohol 199

F G

Fats and oils Gases

chemical resistance 125 transmission of 133
Ferrocements 208 Gels
Fiber reinforcement cement 14, 45
of MDF cements 212 Glass
Fibers 208 reinforcement 31
Film Glass transition
formation of 13 temperature 58, 125, 174
polymer 29 Granite 15
water-impervious 19 Gravel content 38
Fineness modulus 69 Guidelines
Finishing ACI 40
surface 43
work 224 H
Flaws
Hardeners 183, 188
probability of 81
Hardening
Flexibility
rapid 222
of redispersible EVA 174
ultrarapid 22
Flexural behavior
Hardness
of ferrocements 208
and compressive strength 81
 Index 231

Heat treatment M
of latex-modified 81
Highway bridge decks 145 Macrodefectfree 212
Hydrated-type Magnesium acrylate 208
flexible waterproofing Materials
materials 205 types of 34
Hydrates Matrix 208
cement 15 monolithic 20
Hydration phase 11, 186
ofcement 1, 11, 12, 14 MDF cements 212
Hydraulic cement 1, 212 Mechanical stability 58
Hydrogen bonds 213 of polymer latex 29
Hydrophilic colloidal Membrane
properties of latexes 51, 55 formation 1
Hydroxyethyl cellulose 4, 175 waterproofing materials 205
Hydroxyl 183 Methyl cellulose 4, 175
water absorption 176
I Microcracks 17, 86
Microfilms
Impact resistance 121, 208
of polymers 45
Impermeability 19
Microstructure
Impregnation 212
discontinuities 69
Incombustibility 130
Mix design 31
Inorganic cement 69
Mix Design System 34
lsocyanate 212 Mix proportions 37, 159, 175
J of Estercrete 195
of SBR-modified concrete 40
Joints 43 Mixing
epoxy-modified 185
L equipment 42
Model of formation 12
Latex 1, 12, 14
Moisture
chemical reactions 15
transmission 17
chloroprene rubber (Neoprene) 2
Mold-release agents 43
effect on properties 17
Molecular weight
epoxy 24 of latex polymers 65
natural rubber 2, 24
Monomer ratio
particle size 65
effect on strength 58
polyacrylic ester 2
Monomer-modified systems 199
polyvinyl acetate 2
Monomers 1, 20 _
synthetic rubber 2
magnesium acrylate 208
Latex-modified
types 11
materials used 22
Mortar
mortar 222
properties of 45
Lime 92
Limestone 15 N
Liquid resin-modified 222
Liquid thermosetting resins 19 NBR-modified 92
Lithium nitriie 137 chemical resistance 125
Load-deflection curves 86 water permeation of 104
Lyse’s rule 46
232 Polymer-ModifiedConcrete and Mortars

Neoprene 2 Poly(vinyl acetate-dibutyl maleate)-

Nonionic modified
surfactant 24 creep 99
NR-modified Poly(vinylidene chloride-vinyl
impact resistance 121 chloride) 2, 15, 25
mortar 55 Polyacrylamide 175, 212
Polyacrylamide-type polymers 213
0 Polyacrylic ester 2, 15, 29
Polyamides 183
Organic solvents
reinforcement 31
chemical resistance 125
Polycarboxylic acid 195
Oxygen 167
Polychloroprene rubber 29
diffusion 17, 137
Polycondensation 195
transmission of 133
Polyester-modified
P mortars 195
Polyethylene oxide 175
PAE 15 Polyhydric alcohol 195
polymer latex 205 Polyisocyanate 198
PAE-modified Polymer
abrasion resistance 121 content 17, 37
creep 99 particles 15
mortars 17 phase formation 11
Poisson’s ratio of 86 redispersible powders 19
waterproofing 206 Polymer additives 1
Pastes 205 latex 1
as bonding agents 115 liquid resins 1
latex-modified 17, 115 powders 1
polymer-cement 14 water-soluble polymers 1
Patching mortars 159, 174 Polymer films 77, 163
weatherability of 167 formation of 13
Patching work 224 impermeable 51
Permeability Polymer latex 23, 24, 205
chloride ion 65 chemical structure of 24
of epoxy-modified 186 organic 45
Permeation type of 34
water 101 Polymer particles
Phenol formaldehyde 199 adhesive and autohesive 15
Physical properties size 15, 23, 65, 159
of latex-modified 167 Polymer powders 157
Pigments 31 Polymer-cement 1
Plasticizers 58, 224 Polymer-cement
Plywood ratio 17, 31, 33, 34, 37, 39
adhesion to 174 and strength properties 69
Poisson’s ratio vs. water retention 51
of latex-modified 86 Polymer-cement ratios
Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) 29, 157 for epoxy-modified 185
Poly(styrene-acrylic ester) 15 of water-soluble 176
Poly(styrene-butyl acrylate)-modified of water-soluble polymers 175
strengths of 58 very high 205
 Index 233

Polymer-modified PVAC latex 58

pastes 205 PVAC-modified 55
typesof 11 chemical resistance 125
water-soluble 175 chloride ion permeability 133
Polymerisable incombustibility of 130
low-molecular weight polymers 19 Poisson’s ratio of 86
Polymerization shrinkage of 92
emulsion 24 strength 65
in the presence of water 20 water resistance of 77, 104
of monomer-modified 199 waterproofness of 101
Polymers PVDC 15
nature of 58 PVDC-modified
thermosetting 183 corrosion 145
types 11 strength 65
Polyol 198
Polyoxyethylene nonyl phenol R
ether 65
Radiation polymerization 199
Polypropylene
Redrying 104
reinforcement 31
Redispersible polymer
Polyurethane-modified system 198
powders 19, 157, 163, 222
Polyvinyl acetate 2, 25, 58, 101
Redox catalyst 195
low water resistance of 92
Reinforcement 31
Polyvinyl alcohol 4, 19, 175, 224
of MDF cements 212
reinforcement 31
Reinforcing bars 31
Pore
adhesion to 115
filling 81
bond to 199
size distribution 130
corrosion of 133, 137, 145
Pore structure 130
Release agents 43
of latex-modified 19
Repair 115
Porosity 19
an old brick building 145
Portland
and protective materials 208
m 1, 17, 22 34l 38 49 2% 212
materials 205
pastes 188
mortars 167
Poval 4, 31, 175
work 224
Powder-modified 222
Resin-modified 222
fabrication of 159
Resins 183
Powders
polymer 157 epoxy 4
liquid thermosetting 19
redispersible 19
unsaturated polyester 4
Preservatives 24
Rheological studies 55
Promoter 198
River sands 30
Properties
Roads
of latex 58
repair of 208
of mortar and concrete 17
Rubber
of polymer latex 25
styrene-butadiene 2
physical 167
Rubber latex
Proportions
natural 2
mix 31
synthetic 2
PVA 175, 212
Rust-inhibitors 137
234 Polymer-Modi$edConcrete and Mortars

S Silicate surfaces 15
Siliceous crushed stones 30
SAE 15 Silicone emulsion 62, 65
polymer latex 205 Silylation 188
Salts Slant
chemical resistance 125 adhesion in 111
Sand 30 Slip
content 38 of the reinforcing bars 120
fineness modulus 69 Slump 33, 37, 38, 69
Sand-aggregate ratio 33, 37, 38 control factor 38, 46
Sand-cement ratio 73 of latex-modified 46
SBR prediction 33, 39
latex 38, 40, 208 Slurries 205
mortars 17 Sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate 65
polymer latex 205 Solvents
SBR-modified 208 chemical resistance 125
abrasion resistance 121 Specific gravity 38
adhesion 115 of sand and gravel 40
chloride ion permeability 65, 133 Specific surface area 17
creep 99 Stability 58
for highway bridge decks 145 Stabilizers 24, 65
impact resistance 121 Standards 4
Poisson’s ratio of 86 Steam curing 44
properties 163 Steel
strengths of 58 reinforcement 31
Sealing effect 19 Steel fiber 208
of polymer film, membrane 17 addition of 73
Seawater 133 content vs. shrinkage 98
Segregation 55 impact resistance with 121
resistance 212 reinforced 86
Self-leveling 212 stones 30
Setting Strength 17
of Estercrete 195 monomer ratio affects 58
of latex-modified 55 of epoxy-modified 186, if38
Setting time 208 of Estercrete 195
Shear 29 of latex-modified 46, 55
Shear compression of monomer-modified 199
adhesion in 111 of patching mortars 167
Shock-absorbing 206 of polyurethane-modified 198
Shotcrete 208 of water-soluble 176
Shrinkage 167, 208 prediction 34
of latex-modified 92 Strength properties
of steel fiber reinforced 98 and polymer-cement ratio 69
of water-soluble 176 by this special curing 81
prediction of 98 Stress-strain curves 86
reduction 46, 92 Styrene 195
Silica Styrene content
as anti-blocking agent 157 bound 58
fume 188, 212 Styrene-butadiene rubber 2, 29
sand 30, 205
 Index 235

Sulfate-resisting Tunnels
portland cement 22 backfill material for 206
Sulfates
chemical resistance 125 U
Superabsorbent polymer
Ultrafine particles 212
emulsion 206
Ultrarapid-hardening 208
Superplasticizer 188, 217
Underwater concretes 212
Surface preparation 43
Urea-formaldehyde 199
Surfactant content 62, 92
Urethane prepolymer 4
Surfactants 55, 65, 183
as stabilizers 58 v
type of 24
Swelling 176 VANeoVa powder-modified 163
van der Waals forces 17
T Void-binder ratio
defined 73
Talbot’s void theory 73
Volume-surface area ratio 92
Temperature
dependence 130 W
film-forming 29
glass transition 58 Water content 37
placing 43 Water evaporation 51
vs. flexural strength 125 Water permeability
Tensile measurement of 104
strength 17, 31, 37, 55, 58, 65 Water permeation 176
of ultrarapid-hardening 208 Water reduction effect 46
of water-soluble 176 Water
superior 222 res&JXe 25, 29 77, 99, 206, zz
Tensile stress-strain curves 86 of epoxy-modified 186
Tension of Estercrete 195
adhesion in 111 of MDF cements 212
Test methods 4 Water retention 51
Thermal of water-soluble 176
degradation of polymers 130 Water vapor
expansion of latex-modified 99 transmission 104, 133
resistance 125, 195 Water-cement ratio 31, 33, 34, 37
stability 29, 222 of epoxy-modified 185
Thermal-catalytic 199 of Estercrete 195
Thermoplastic Water-impervious film 19
copolymers 81 Water-reducible epoxy resin 186
polymers 24, 125 Water-reducing agents 22
resins 121 Water-soluble
Thermosetting polymer-modified 175
liquid resins 19 Water-soluble polymers 212, 224
polymers 183 polymer-cement ratios 175
resins 199 Waterproof 17, 37
Thickness Waterproofing 205
of overlay or coating 43 Waterproofness 99, 222
Troweling 43 of polyurethane-modified 198
236 Polymer-Modi’ed Concrete and Mortars

Weatherability 144
of patching mortars 167
of polymer films 29
Wet drag 43
Wood
artificial 217
Workability 37, 224
improved by air entrainment 51
of latex-modified 45
of water-soluble 175, 176
Working time 43

Zeta-potential 45