SESSION: 2023-2024

CHEMISTRY PROJECT FILE

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
ANU MR. KARUN KUMAR SINGH
XII A PGT CHEMISTRY
This is to certify that ANU of ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL ,
AGRA has completed project under my guidance and
has taken proper care and shown sincerity in
completion of this project , for the session 2023-24.
I certify that this project is up to my expectations and
as per the guidelines issued by CBSE.

INTERNAL’S EXTERNAL’S
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere thanks to MR. KARUN

CHAUHAN , My Chemistry teacher who guided
me through the project. He helped me to
understand the intricate issues involved in
project making besides effectively presenting it.

ANU
XII-A
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 COMPONENTS OF LIPSTICK
 LEAD IN LIPSTICK
 BACKGROUND RESEARCH
 EXPERIMENT 1
 EXPERIMENT 2
 EXPERIMENT 3
 RESULT
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION
COSMETIC

Cosmetics are products or substances used to enhance or alter the

appearance of the face, body, or hair. They are designed to improve
attractiveness, boost confidence, and maintain or promote good personal
hygiene. Cosmetic products can be applied topically and come in various
forms, such as creams, lotions, powders, gels, sprays, and more .

What is adulteration?
Adulteration in cosmetics refers to the addition of harmful or substandard
substances to cosmetic products, which can pose serious health risks to
consumers. This unethical practice is primarily done to increase the quantity
or reduce the production costs of cosmetics, compromising the safety and
quality of the products

Why it is done?
Adulterated makeup products are counterfeit or fake products that contain
harmful substances adding harmful or non-approved substances to cosmetics
in order to increase their weight, profit, or effectiveness These products are
often sold at a lower price than genuine products, making them attractive to
consumers.
 What are the risks of using adulterated cosmetics?
 Adulterated cosmetics can pose a serious health risk to consumers. The risks
of using adulterated cosmetics can vary depending on the type of
adulterant, but they can include:
 Skin irritation. This is the most common reaction to adulterated cosmetics.
It can cause redness, itching, swelling, and even blistering dulterated skin-
lightening or bleaching products may contain unauthorized or dangerous
ingredients that can lead to uneven skin tone and hyperpigmentation.
 Allergic reactions. Some adulterants can trigger allergic reactions, which can
be more severe than skin irritation. Symptoms of an allergic reaction can
include hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, and even anaphylaxis.
 Eye Infections and Irritations: Eye makeup products, such as mascara and
eyeliner, can be adulterated with harmful substances that may cause eye
infections, redness, and irritation. Contaminated eye cosmetics can also
lead to conjunctivitis (pink eye).
 Infections. Microbes such as bacteria, mold, and yeast can be found in
adulterated cosmetics. These microbes can cause infections of the skin,
eyes, and other parts of the body.
 Cancer. Some adulterants, such as heavy metals, have been linked to
cancer.
 Other health problems. Other health problems that have been linked
to adulterated cosmetics include kidney damage, neurological
problems, and reproductive problems.
 Types of adulteration
Adulteration in cosmetic products can occur through various means, and it
can be classified into three main types based on the nature of the adulterants
involved:
o Physical adulteration
o Chemical adulteration
o Biological adulteration

-Physical Adulteration:
Physical adulteration involves the addition of foreign substances that are visible or
easily detectable in the cosmetic product. These substances may not be inherently
harmful, but they can reduce the overall quality or effectiveness of the product.
Examples of physical adulteration in cosmetics include:

Dilution with cheaper or inert substances: Adding lower-quality or inactive ingredients to increase the product's
volume and reduce production costs.
Addition of fillers: Incorporating fillers or bulking agents to increase the quantity of the product without adding any
meaningful benefit.
Contamination with impurities: Introduction of contaminants during the manufacturing, packaging, or storage process.
-Chemical Adulteration:
• Chemical adulteration involves the inclusion of unauthorized, harmful, or
restricted chemicals in cosmetic products. These adulterants can pose
significant health risks to consumers.
• Some examples of chemical adulteration in cosmetics are:
• Addition of toxic substances: Including toxic chemicals, heavy metals, or harmful
compounds that may cause adverse reactions or long-term health issues.
• Use of banned ingredients: Incorporating substances that have been prohibited
due to their known harmful effects on health or the environment.
Biological Adulteration:
Biological adulteration involves the contamination of cosmetic products with
microorganisms or biological agents, leading to potential health hazards.
Examples of biological adulteration in cosmetics include:

metals are in the lipstick by looking at the

ingredient list because they are not an intentional
Heavy Metals in Cosmetics

• Heavy metals are naturally occurring and can be found in trace

quantities in raw materials used in various industries, including
cosmetics.

• Common heavy metals found in cosmetics include mercury, lead,

arsenic, aluminium, zinc, chromium, and iron.

• Heavy metals have been detected in a range of cosmetic

products, such as sunscreen, foundation, nail polish, lipstick, and
whitening toothpaste.

• Some metals are intentionally added as ingredients for colorants,

while others are contaminants.

• Exposure to heavy metals in cosmetics has been linked to health

concerns, including reproductive, immune, and nervous system
toxicity.

• Dermal exposure is the most significant route for heavy metal

absorption from cosmetics, as they are primarily applied to the
skin.

• Dermal absorption of heavy metals is generally low, but it can be

influenced by various factors like concentration, amount applied,
and time left on the skin.

• Oral exposure can occur from cosmetics used around the mouth
or hand-to-mouth contact after exposure to heavy metal-
containing products.
• Inhalation exposure from cosmetics is usually negligible.

• Determining heavy metal limits in cosmetics based on human

health risk alone is challenging due to complex factors involved in
dermal absorption studies.

• Overall, heavy metals in cosmetics are a concern, and it is

essential for consumers and regulatory bodies to stay informed
about potential risks and ensure the safety of cosmetic products.
KAJAL
• Eyes are delicate and sensitive organs, so protecting them from
harmful external factors is crucial.

• Most commercially produced „kajal‟ contain high levels of

lead.Studies have revealed that „ kajal‟ comprises of galena
(PbS), minimum (Pb 3 O 4 ), amorphous carbon, magnetite (Fe 3
O 4 ), in zincite (ZnO)

• Some ingredients in cosmetics, including kajal, can potentially

cause damage to the eyes.

• Commercially produced kajal often contains high levels of lead,

along with other substances like galena, minium, amorphous
carbon, magnetite, and zincite.

• Prolonged use of kajal with high lead content can lead to

excessive lead storage in the body, affecting the brain and bone
marrow, and causing convulsions and anemia.

• In India, cosmetic labeling rules are somewhat relaxed, which

poses a challenge in identifying harmful ingredients in eye
cosmetics.

• Buyers should be cautious and avoid products containing

mercury, lead, and parabens, as these can have severe health
hazards, even leading to blindness in some cases.

• Opting for branded products can be safer, and consumers should

inquire about ingredients from the store or company.
LIPSTICK
Lead and other trace metals are also found in many lipsticks. It is
impossible to know whether these metals are in the lipstick by looking
at the ingredient list because they are not an intentional ingredient
added, but rather, an unintentional contaminant. These trace metals
are naturally occurring and accidentally get taken up with other
chemicals that are used in lipstick production.

Look for lead acetate, bismuth oxychloride , chromium, thimerosal

hydrogenated cotton seed oil, titanium dioxide on the ingredients list
of lipsticks. These chemicals contain trace amounts of naturally
occurring metals, such as lead.In small study carried out by the
researchers of mother jones on the lipsticks, lip balms and lip gloss for
toxic metals including lead and cadmium.
 AI
Mtoxic materials in different
To test the presence of
Lipsticks .

LIPSTICK A : Corolla 33
LIPSTICK B : Oriflame
 EXPERIMENT 1
 Aim : Presence of Cadmium in lipsticks.
 Procedure:
1. Crush 2 mg of lipstick and add little amount of HCl todissolve
it.
2. Add water and boil it till the sample melts and dissolves
3. Add H₂S to the filtrate
 Observations :
Sr. No. LIPSTICK OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. LIPSTICK A Black ppt is formed Cadmium absent
2. LIPSTICK B Yellow ppt is formed Cadmium is present
 EXPERIMENT
2
 Aim : Presence of Nickel in lipsticks.
 Procedure :
1. 1.Crush 2mg of lipstick into fine powder and little amount of
HCl to dissolve it.
2. 2.Add water and boil it till the substance melts.
3. 3.Add dimethyl glyoxime to the filtrate.
 Observations :
Sr. No. LIPSTICK OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. LIPSTICK A Turns Rose red Nickel present
2. LIPSTICK B Turns Rose red Nickel present
 Thus, we can conclude that lipsticks contain
several toxic substances including nickel lead
cadmium and other heavy metals.

TOXIC INGREDIENTS IN LIPSTICKS-

Methylparaben (C H O 8 8 3)

 Polyparaben(C H O
10 12 3

Retinyl Palmitate C H O 36 60 2

Dyes
Tocopheryl Acetate C H O 31 52 3
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