System

fundam entals
CSE 101
 Systems in organizations

planning and system installation

Identify the Outline Compare the

Discuss
context for Describe need compatibility issues implementation of Evaluate
problems that
Suggest
resulting from system using a alternative
which a new for change may arise as a various types
situations including client's hardware installation
system is management legacy systems or with hosting processes.
part of data of testing
planned business mergers remotely migration

Software
User Focus Ssytem Back up
deployment
Evaluate Outline the Describe a range Describe
Describe Evaluate
different Identify a range consequence of of methods that strategies for
importance of different
methods of of causes of data loss in a can be used to managing
user methods of user
delivering user data loss specified prevent data releases and
documentation documentation
training. situation loss updates
 Identify the context for which a
new system is planned

Before a system is designed, For this, the systems analyst

its need to be identified what
the system should do. To do
this is the job of system
analyst. He looks at the
existing system and tries to
observe howe it works. This
can be done using surveys,
interviewing users, observing
them or by tracing how
information is handled by
looking at the documents
produced by it.
has to factor in a number of
Then the system analyst must things: what existing
make an evaluation of the infrastructure from the
current system. What works existing system can be used?
fine, what doesn't? Based on What requirements on
this, he proposes a new hardware and software will
system to be created that the new system have? Are
should work better than the there any ethical issues
old one, increasing resulting, for example will the
productivity. new system make people
innecessare, leading to loss of
jobs?
 Describe need for change management

Employer / employee
Without a proper plan on how the new training
system will be implemented once it is
designed the change from the old
system to the new one will not be
How will t
successful. Many factors will need to he system
implement be
be regarded: ed? Direct
changeove
r? Parallel
running? P
ilot projec
Phased im ts?
plementati
on?
 Outline compatibility issues resulting from
situations including legacy systems or
business mergers

Language differences
Part of business operating in a
Rarely any two businesses different country than host using an
on the world use the exact older version of a system
If workers delegate, will their laptops
same systems. So, when
work in other departments?
two businesses merge, it is If an american and an european
a major issue to get their businesses merge, their unit systems
need to be merged (one uses SI
systems to work together. units, one doesn’t)
Some issues are listed Businesses not using same software
below: environment (Microsoft Exchange vs.
IBM Lotus Notes)
 Compare the implementation of systems using a client’s
hardware with hosting remotely

: ain t a in sy stem
s m
Advantage lo yin g p e rs on ne l to
as e s of
n e m p lp in c
No cost i urer c an pr o v ide he
m a nu fa c t
Software as a Service (SaaS): The Software
u nc tio n ed b y s o ftware
client does not run its own computer malf p da tin g m anag sta nd the
e an d u y un d e r
Maintenanc at f u ll
system to handle operations, but lends manufactur
er →t h ey h ave st a ff th
ftw are
f th e so
servers from the software system a l k n o w - h ow o
t he pr ofe ssion
s
manufacturer that are managed and Client enjoy
an u fa ct urer
m
maintained by the software
manufacturer. A great example is SAP. Disadvantage
s:
Data security is
sues resulting
information to from trusting y
someone else our
Host may be in (loss of contro
a different time l)
maintenance c zone, so
an happen at u
Because host is ncomfortable t
not the user its imes
harder to get elf, user feedba
ck is
 Evaluate alternative installation processes

e as
Advantage
s:
s if new s y st em f →
ails old system
is ther

No d at a los
u p n ew system
back ru nnin g th e sting
tra in ed in with exi
Staff can be b e c om pared
t em c an easily
Parallel running: run both the new and Outputs of
sy s

the old system at the same time. syst e m → testing

Disadvantage
s:

Costly running
both systems
Time consumin
g to operate b
oth systems
 Evaluate alternative installation processes

a g e s: en t affected
Advan t n e d epartm
fa ils, on ly o
If s y s te m ng
ra llel ru n ni
h ea p e r th an pa cility
C in pilo t fa
b e t rained
Pilot running: run the system in only Staf f c a n

one part of business only (like in one

supermarket of an entire chain)

Disadvantage
s:

If system fails,
work at pilot fa
Data loss can o cility is affecte
ccur when pilo d
t system fails
 Evaluate alternative installation processes

s : can be te sted
Advantag e e w s ystem
e nt of th e n
c o m po n
Each e w part learn
a llin g a n not h av e to
before inst in stag e s/ does
train ed
Phased implementation: the old system Staff can be e m all at once
e ne w sys t
using t h
is being replaced part by part by the
new system

Disadvantage
s:
If the impleme
nted part of th
there is no bac e new system
kup fails,
If the new sys
tem is very co
in parts may b mplex, introduc
e difficult ing it
 Evaluate alternative installation processes

s:
Advantage
as t co s tly ms parallel
Le tw o syste
need t o run
Do es n ot
rea d y t o run
m is
Direct changeover: the new system New syste
replaces the old one “over night”

Disadvantage
s:
No back up if n
ew system fail
s
 Discuss problems that may arise as a part of data
migration

Incompatible file formats

Incompatible or obsolete data structures
Validation rules may have changed with new system, making old data unusable
Errors while transferring data
Changed character sets leading to misinterpretation
Changed units leading to misinterpretation (new system interprets temperature in °C
instead of °F)
New system does not support old data storage techniques, like floppy drives
 Suggest various types of testing

Testing is usually done in Different types of testing can be:

Testing is very important in
two stages: before the Alpha testing
developing a computerized Alpha testing involves the
system is delivered and after Beta testing
system, as it tries to ensure engineers who develop the White box testing (tracing data
it has been set up.
that the system works as system testing it with data on paper as it proceeds
expected. A system that similar to real data while through algorithm)
Testing in the first stage is Black box testing (putting in
does not work as expected beta testing involves testing
often referred to as Alpha data and comparing with
(it is buggy) greatly reduces by real users with real data.
testing, while testing in the expected outcome)
productivity and end user Debugging (using an automatic
second stage is often
satisfaction. program, a debugger)
referred to as Beta testing.
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