Mathematical Applications For The Management Life and Social Sciences 11th Edition Harshbarger Test Bank 1

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Chapter 5 - Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Mathematical Applications for the Management

Life and Social Sciences 11th Edition
Harshbarger Test Bank
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1. Use a calculator to evaluate the expression. Round your answer to four decimal places, if necessary.
a. 0.0002
b. 3.4641
c. 0.2887
d. 8,192
e. 6
ANSWER: b
2. Use a calculator to evaluate the expression. Round your answer to six decimal places.
a. –0.041235
b. –24.251465
c. –9.200000
d. 27.984100
e. 0.041235
ANSWER: e
3. Use a calculator to evaluate the expression. Round your answer to two decimal places, if necessary.
a. 46,656
b. 1
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c. 1.35
d. 8.09
e. 36
ANSWER: c
4. Use a calculator to evaluate the expression. Round your answer to two decimal places.
a. 20.09
b. 8.15
c. 19.81
d. 54.60
e. 16.31
ANSWER: a
5. Graph the function.
a. b.
c. d.

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e.
ANSWER: b
a. b.

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c. d.
e.

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ANSWER: e
a. b.
c. d.

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e.
ANSWER: d
a. b.

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c. d.
e.

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ANSWER: a
9. Express in the form with an appropriate value of .
a.
b.
c.
d.
–
e.
–
ANSWER: b
10. Is the function a growth exponential or decay exponential?
a. growth exponential
b. decay exponential
ANSWER: b
11. Graph the function .
a. b.

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c. d.
e.

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ANSWER: c
12. Given . Graph and for .
a. b.
c. d.

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e.
ANSWER: d
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13. Let . Use a graphing utility to graph the functions and where . Identify the
graphs of and below.
a. b.
c. d.
e.

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ANSWER: c
14. Let . Using a graphing utility, graph for and .

What effect does c have on the graphs?
a. As c changes, the graph is shifted horizontally by c units.

b. As c changes, the graph is shifted vertically by c units.
c. As c changes, the y-intercept and the horizontal asymptote change.
d. As c changes, the graph is rotated c degrees.
e. As c changes, the graph is reflected over the line .
ANSWER: c
15. If $1,200 is invested for x years at an annual rate of 7%, compounded quarterly, the future value that will
result is
Determine the value of the investment after 8 years. Round your answer to two decimal places, if necessary.
a. $5,229.16
b. $10,458.32
c. $2,061.82
d. $9,258.32
e. $672
ANSWER: b

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16. We will show in the next chapter that if $P is invested for n years at an annual rate of 3% compounded
continuously, the future value of the investment is given by
Use and graph this function for .
a. b.
c. d.
e.

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ANSWER: e
17. The percent concentration y of a certain drug in the bloodstream at any time t in minutes is given by the
equation
Graph this equation for 0 ≤ t ≤ 30.
a. b.
c. d.

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e.
ANSWER: d
18. The percent concentration y of a certain drug in the bloodstream at any time t in minutes is given by the
equation
. Graph this function with a graphing utility. Which of the following statements best
describes the situation after 10 hours?
a. After 10 hours, 50% of the drug is in the blood stream.

b. After 10 hours, 10% of the drug is in the blood stream.
c. After 10 hours, there are almost 100 units of the drug in the blood stream.
d. After 10 hours, the drug has almost completely dissipated.
e. After 10 hours, the drug is almost completely in the blood stream.
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ANSWER: e
19. A starfish population can be modeled by , where is the number of individuals at time
, r is the yearly rate of growth, and t is the number of years. Sketch the graph for to when the growth
rate is 2.1% and is 5.5 billion. All numbers on the vertical axis are in billions.
a. b.
c. d.
e.

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ANSWER: b
20. The following figure, from Investor’s Business Daily (March 5, 1998), shows how quickly the U.S. metal
processing industry isconsolidating. The linear equation that is the best fit for the number of metal processors as
a function of years after 1990 is , and the best exponential fit
is . The linear equation seems to give a much better fit for the data points than the
exponential equation. Why then is the exponential equation a more useful model to predict the number of metal
processors in ?
a. The quantity of metal processing units as a function of time is exponential for the first five years, and
linear for the next five years.
b. As the quantity of metal processors decreases, they decrease at an increasingly logarithmic rate as a
function of time.
c. The number of metal processing units will probably start to increase in 2007.
d. The linear model gives a negative number of processors in 2010. The exponential model is always
non-negative.
e. The number of metal processing units follows a parabolic model.

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ANSWER: d
21. Total personal income in the United States (in billions of dollars) for selected years from 1960 to 2002 is
given in the following table.
Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2002

Personal
411.7 836.1 2,285.7 4,791.6 8,406.6 8,929.1
Income
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce
These data can be modeled by an exponential function. Write the equation of this function, with x as the number
of years past 1960. If it's necessary round your calculations to four decimal places.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: b
22. Total personal income in the United States (in billions of dollars) for selected years from 1960 to 2002 is
given in the following table.
Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2002

Personal
411.7 836.1 2,285.7 4,791.6 8,406.6 8,929.1
Income
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce

These data can be modeled by an exponential function. Write the equation of this function, with x as the number
of years past 1960. If this model is accurate, what will be the total U.S. personal income in 2010? Round your
answer to two decimal places.
a. $13,899.68 billions
b. $15,216.17 billions
c. $17,199.23 billions
d. $18,464.37 billions
e. $20,698.13 billions
ANSWER: d
23. The consumer price index (CPI) is calculated by averaging the prices of various items after assigning a
weight to each item. The following table gives the consumer price indexes for selected years from 1940 through

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2002, reflecting buying patterns of all urban consumers, with x representing years past 1900. Find an equation
that models these data. If it's necessary, round your calculations to four decimal places.
Consumer Consumer
Year Year
Price Index Price Index
1940 14 1980 82.4
1950 24.1 1990 130.7
1960 29.6 2000 172.2
1970 38.8 2002 179.9
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: a
2002, reflecting buying patterns of all urban consumers. Find an equation that models these data and use it to
predict the consumer price index in 2015. Use the model to predict the consumer price index in 2015. Round
your answer to two decimal places.
Consumer Consumer
Year Year
1940 14 1980 82.4
1950 24.1 1990 130.7
1960 29.6 2000 172.2
1970 38.8 2002 179.9
a. 76.47
b. 129.14
c. 169.33
d. 216.39
e. 326.77
ANSWER: e
2002, reflecting buying patterns of all urban consumers. Find an equation that models these data and use it to
determine when the consumer price index will pass 349.
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Consumer Consumer
Year Year
1940 14 1980 82.4
1950 24.1 1990 130.7
1960 29.6 2000 172.2
1970 38.8 2002 179.9
a. The 2011 - 2012 year

b. The 2012 - 2013 year
c. The 2014 - 2015 year
d. The 2016 - 2017 year
e. The 2019 - 2020 year
ANSWER: d
26. The following table gives the average number of students per computer in public schools for the school
years that ended in 1985 through 2002. Let x be the number of years past 1980. Find an exponential model for
these data. Round your answer to three decimal places.
Year Students per Computer Year Students per Computer

1985 75 1994 14
1986 50 1995 10.5
1987 37 1996 10
1988 32 1997 7.8
1989 25 1998 6.1
1990 22 1999 5.7
1991 20 2000 5.4
1992 18 2001 5.0
1993 16 2002 4.9
Source: Quality Education Data, Inc., Denver, Colorado
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: c
27. The following table gives the average number of students per computer in public schools for the school
years that ended in 1985 through 2002. Find an exponential model for these data. How many students per
computer in public schools does this model predict for 2005? Round your answer to two decimal places.
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Year Studentsper Computer Year Studentsper Computer

1985 75 1994 14
1986 50 1995 10.5
1987 37 1996 10
1988 32 1997 7.8
1989 25 1998 6.1
1990 22 1999 5.7
1991 20 2000 5.4
1992 18 2001 5.0
1993 16 2002 4.9
Source: Quality Education Data, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Students
Year per Computer
a. 1.92
b. 2.42
c. 4.32
d. 3.42
e. 4.92
ANSWER: b
28. Write the equation in exponential form.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: d
29. Write the equation in exponential form.
a.

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b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: e
30. Solve for x by writing the equation in exponential form. Round your answer two decimal places, if
necessary.
a. 20
b. 1,024
c. 625
d. 54.60
e. 3,125
ANSWER: c
31. Solve for x by writing the equation in exponential form. Round your answer to two decimal places, if
necessary.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: d
32. Solve for x by writing the equation in exponential form.

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a.
b.
c. 124
d. 5
e. 45
ANSWER: b
33. Write the equation in logarithmic form.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: a
34. Write the equation in logarithmic form.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: c

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a. b.
c. d.
e.

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ANSWER: b
a. b.
c. d.

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e.
ANSWER: d
37. Use properties of logarithms or a definition to simplify the expression. Check the result with a change-of-
base formula and a calculator. Round your answer two decimal places.
a. 20.09
b. 4.00
c. 64.00
d. 243.00
e. no solution
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ANSWER: b
38. Use properties of logarithms or a definition to simplify the expression. Check the result with a change-of-
base formula and a calculator.
a. 8
b. 1
c. 4
d. –1
e. no solution
ANSWER: d
39. Use properties of logarithms or a definition to simplify the expression.
If find .
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: e
If , find .
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: d
If , find .
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a. 5
b. 10
c.
d. 100,000
e. 50
ANSWER: a
42. Evaluate the logarithm by using properties of logarithms and the following facts. Round your answer two
decimal places.
a. 7.70
b. 14.82
c. 0.10
d. 1.82
e. 1.03
ANSWER: a
43. Evaluate the logarithm by using properties of logarithms and the following facts. Round your answer to two
decimal places.
a. 1.15
b. 8.37
c. 1.14
d. 0.40
e. 5.80
ANSWER: d
44. Evaluate the logarithm by using properties of logarithms and the following fact. Round your answer two
decimal places.

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a. 10.40
b. 1.91
c. 4.60
d. 6.76
e. 5.20
ANSWER: e
45. Evaluate the logarithm by using properties of logarithms and the following facts. Round your answer two
decimal places.
a. 1.48
b. 1.10
c. 4.40
d. 1.45
e. 0.67
ANSWER: b
46. Write the expression as the sum or difference of two logarithmic functions containing no exponents.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: d
47. Write the expression as the sum or difference of two logarithmic functions containing no exponents.

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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: e
48. Use the properties of logarithms to write the expression as a single logarithm.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: a
49. Use the properties of logarithms to write the expression as a single logarithm.
a.
b.
c.

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d.
e.
ANSWER: b
50. Use a calculator to determine whether expression (a) is equivalent to expression (b).
a. equivalent
b. not equivalent
ANSWER: a
51. Use a calculator to determine whether expression (a) is equivalent to expression (b).
a. equivalent
b. not equivalent
ANSWER: b
52. Given , use a graphing calculator to graph for and .
a. b.

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c. d.

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e.
ANSWER: e
53. Use a change-of-base formula to evaluate with a calculator or other technology. Round your answer
to four decimal places.
a. 0.3801
b. 3.1754
c. 2.6309
d. 3.9890
e. 3.0445
ANSWER: c
54. Find an equivalent expression for the given logarithm using the change-of-base formula.
a.
b.

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c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: c
55. Use a change-of-base formula to rewrite the logarithm in terms of natural logarithms.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: e
56. Which answer choice is a graph of the function?
a. b.
c. d.

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e.
ANSWER: d
57. Use the formula .
In October 2004, an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale occurred in Japan. The largest quake in
Japan since 1990 was one in 1993 that registered 7.7. How many times more severe was the 1993 shock than
the one in 2004 on the Richter scale? Round your answer to one decimal place.
a. 0.7 times as severe

b. 1.9 times as severe
c. 7.9 times as severe
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d. 9.3 times as severe
e. 19.1 times as severe
ANSWER: c
58. Use the formula .
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 measured 8.25 on the Richter scale, and the San Francisco earthquake of
1989 measured 7.1. How much more intense was the 1906 quake?
a. 0.3 times as severe.

b. 1.5 times as severe
c. 5.7 times as severe
d. 10.8 times as severe
e. 14.1 times as severe
ANSWER: e
59. Use the fact that the loudness of sound (in decibels) perceived by the human ear depends on intensity levels
according to , where is the threshold of hearing for the average human ear. Find the
loudness when I is 1,000 times .
a. 3
b. 30
c. 4
d. 300
e. 100
ANSWER: b
60. Use the following information. Chemists use the pH (hydrogen potential) of a solution to measure its acidity
or basicity. The pH is given by the formula , where is the concentration of hydrogen
ions in moles per liter. What value of is associated with pH level 12?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

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ANSWER: d
61. Use the formula to find the doubling time t, in years, for an investment at r% compounded
n times per year. Suppose you make an investment of $1,300 at interest rate 11% compounded quarterly. How
long will it take for your investment to double? Round your answer to two decimal places.
a. 2.13 years
b. 12.78 years
c. 3.19 years
d. 3.32 years
e. 6.39 years
ANSWER: e
62. Between the years 1960 and 2002, the percent of women in the work force is given
by , where x is the number of years past 1950 (Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics).
What does this model estimate to be the percent of women in the work force in 2019? Round your answer to
two decimal places.
a. 64.24
b. 61.69
c. 66.61
d. 75.71
e. 51.70
ANSWER: a
63. Between the years 1960 and 2002, the percent of women in the work force is given by
, where x is the number of years past 1950 (Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics).
Graph this function with a graphing utility and use the graph drawn to estimate the year in which the percent
reached 50. Round your answer to the nearest year.
a. 1964
b. 1970
c. 1976
d. 1984
e. 1989
ANSWER: c
64. Solve the exponential equation. Round your answer to three decimal places, if necessary.
a. 125
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b. 0.667
c. 0.861
d. 0.408
e. 63
ANSWER: b
65. Solve the exponential equation. Give answers correct to 3 decimal places.
a. 1.159
b. 0.093
c. 10.714
d. –0.093
e. –0.424
ANSWER: a
66. Solve the exponential equation. Give the answer correct to 3 decimal places.
a. 0.802
b. 1.605
c. 2.493
d. 0.936
e. 3.744
ANSWER: e
a. –0.545
b. 9.639
c. 6.053
d. –9.639
e. –3.896
ANSWER: c

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a. –2.258
b. –0.523
c. 2.516
d. –0.503
e. 11.291
ANSWER: e
69. Solve the logarithmic equation . Round your answer to three decimal places.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: e
70. Solve the logarithmic equation . Round your answer to three decimal places.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: b
71. Solve the logarithmic equation .
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: d
72. The monthly sales S for a product is given by , where x is the number of months that have
passed since the end of a promotional campaign. Determine the monthly sales 4 months after the promotional
campaign. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
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a. $36,243.76
b. $2,038.11
c. $38,296.42
d. $1,226,626.51
e. $65,280.26
ANSWER: b
73. The monthly sales S for a product is given by , where x is the number of months that have
passed since the end of a promotional campaign. How many months after the end of the campaign will sales
drop below 6,000, if no new campaign is initiated? Round to two decimal places.
a. 2.65 months
b. 4.32 months
c. 5.12 months
d. 6.16 months
e. 7.36 months
ANSWER: a
74. The purchasing power P (in dollars) of an annual amount of A dollars after t years of 4% inflation decays
according to . How long will it be before a pension of $60,000 per year has a purchasing power of
$30,000? Round your answer to one decimal place.
a. 1.0 year
b. 9.7 years
c. 15.8 years
d. 35.7 years
e. 17.3 years
ANSWER: e
75. The purchasing power P (in dollars) of an annual amount of A dollars after t years of 4% inflation decays
according to . Determine how large a pension A needs to be so that the purchasing power P is
$70,000 after 25 years? Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
a. $260,683
b. $190,280
c. $115,410
d. $156,191
e. $95,141
ANSWER: b

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76. An initial amount of 300 g of the radioactive isotope thorium-234 decays according to ,
where t is in years. How long does it take for half of the initial amount to disintegrate? This time is called the
half-life of this isotope. Round your answer to one decimal place.
a. 240.5 years
b. 170.7 years
c. 24.5 years
d. 27.5 years
e. 245.1 years
ANSWER: c
77. The population y of a certain country was 100,000 in 1990 and 149,182 in 2000. Assume the formula
applies to the growth of the country's population. Estimate the population of the country in 2010.
Round your answer to the nearest human.
a. 149,182
b. 332,012
c. 222,554
d. 67,032
e. 44,933
ANSWER: c
78. For selected years from 1960 to 2001, the national health care expenditures H, in billions of dollars, can be
modeled by , where t is the number of years past 1960 (Source: U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services). If this model remains accurate, in what year will national health care expenditures reach $3
trillion (that is, $3000 billion)? Round your answer to the nearest year.
a. in the year 2008

b. in the year 2018
c. in the year 2013
d. in the year 2011
e. in the year 2009
ANSWER: a
79. The demand function for a certain commodity is given by , where q is number of units. At
what price per unit will the quantity demanded equal 6 units? Round your answer to the nearest cent.
a. $0.25
b. $0.40
c. $2.01

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d. $4.98
e. $0.74
ANSWER: d
80. The demand function for a certain commodity is given by , where q is number of units. If the
price is $1.11 per unit, how many units will be demanded, to the nearest unit?
a. 9 units
b. 7 units
c. 11 units
d. 10 units
e. 12 units
ANSWER: a
81. If the supply function for a product is given by , where q represents the number of hundreds
of units, what will be the price when the producers are willing to supply 200 units? Round your answer to the
nearest cent.
a. $164.20
b. $369.45
c. $625.29
d. $246.30
e. $1004.28
ANSWER: d
82. If the total cost function for a product is , where x is the number of items produced, what is
the total cost of producing 50 units? Round your answer to the nearest cent.
a. $812.01
b. $948.41
c. $52.23
d. $801.65
e. $813.59
ANSWER: b
83. If the total cost (in dollars) for x units of a product is given by , what is the total
cost of producing 150 units? Round your answer to the nearest cent.
a. $2130.07
b. $2030.07
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c. $2623.97
d. $2556.46
e. $2180.07
ANSWER: a
84. If the demand function for a product is given by where p is the price per unit when x units
are demanded, what is the total revenue when 90 units are demanded and supplied? Round your answer to the
nearest cent.
a. $5,146.82
b. $7,318.25
c. $199.96
d. $2,975.38
e. $40.66
ANSWER: d
85. If $7,000 is invested at an annual rate of 11.5% compounded continuously, the future value S at any time t
(in years) is given by . What is the amount after 12 months? Round your answer to the nearest
cent.
a. $27,824.31
b. $7,848.82
c. $17,838.71
d. $17,838.71
e. $7,853.11
ANSWER: e
86. If $4,500 is invested at an annual rate of 8% compounded continuously, the future value S at any time t (in
years) is given by . How long does it take for the investment to double? Round your answer to
one decimal place.
a. 8.7 years
b. 7.4 years
c. 8.6 years
d. 9.0 years
e. 11.7 years
ANSWER: a
87. If $6,000 is invested at an annual rate of 9% per year compounded monthly, the future value S at any time t
(in months) is given by . What is the amount after 1 year? Round your answer to the nearest
cent.
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a. $6,480.00
b. $17,668.08
c. $6,565.05
d. $6,045.00
e. $6,562.84
ANSWER: e
88. If $9,000 is invested at an annual rate of 11% per year compounded monthly, the future value S at any time t
(in months) is given by . How long does it take for the investment to double? Round your
answer to one decimal place.
a. 91.2 months
b. 14.8 months
c. 76.0 months
d. 92.2 months
e. 68.7 months
ANSWER: c
89. The securities industry experienced dramatic growth in the last two decades of the 20th century. The
following models for the industry’s revenue R and expenses or costs C (both in billions of dollars) were
developed as functions of the years past 1980 with data from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s
2000 Annual Report (2001). and . Use the models to predict the profit for
the securities industry in 2009. Round your answer to two decimal places.
a. $1.15 billion
b. $955.65 billion
c. $830.61 billion
d. $125.04 billion
e. $540.34 billion
ANSWER: d
90. By using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for the years 1968–2002, the purchasing power P of
a 1983 dollar can be modeled with the function , where t is the number of years past 1960.
Based on this model, what is the purchasing power of a 1983 dollar in the year 1970? Round your answer to the
nearest cent.
a. $6.33
b. $2.30
c. $5.25
d. $19.03
e. $3.11

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ANSWER: b
91. By using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for the years 1968–2002, the purchasing power P of
a 1983 dollar can be modeled with the function , where t is the number of years past 1960.
In what year will the purchasing power of a 1983 dollar be $0.20? Round-up your answer to the nearest year.
a. 1992
b. 2010
c. 1998
d. 2017
e. 2019
ANSWER: e
92. Suppose the supply of x units of a product at price p dollars per unit is given by . How
many units would be supplied when the price is $50 each? Round your answer to one decimal place.
a. 1,983.3 units
b. 205,810.9 units
c. 7,340.2 units
d. 993.7 units
e. 991.7 units
ANSWER: e
93. The president of a company predicts that sales N will increase after she assumes office and that the number
of monthly sales will follow the curve given by , where t represents time in months since she
assumed office. What will the sales be when she assumes office?
a. 3,000
b. 625
c. 240
d. 600
e. 1,200
ANSWER: d
assumed office. What is the expected upper limit on sales?
a. 0
b. 3,000
c. 600

Name: Class: Date:

d. 1,800
e. infinity
ANSWER: b
assumed office. What will be the sales after 9 months? Round your answer to the nearest month.
a. 2,931
b. 1
c. 6
d. 1,620
e. 75
ANSWER: a
96. Suppose that the equation represents the number of employees working t years after a
company begins operations. How many employees are there when the company opens (at t = 0)?
a. 5 employees
b. 240 employees
c. 8 employees
d. 1 employee
e. 36 employees
ANSWER: c
97. Suppose that the equation represents the number of employees working t years after a
company begins operations. After how many years will at least 300 employees be working? Round your answer
to two decimal places.
a. after 3.66 years

b. after 4.30 years
c. after 100.00 years
d. after 0.22 year
e. after 1.12 years
ANSWER: b
98. The concentration y of a certain drug in the bloodstream t hours after an oral dosage (with ) is given
by the equation . What is the concentration after 6 hours? Round your answer to one
decimal place.
a. 106.3
Name: Class: Date:

b. 1,499.1
c. 222.0
d. 40,242.9
e. 93.7
ANSWER: e
99. The concentration y of a certain drug in the bloodstream t hours after an oral dosage (with ) is given
by the equation How long does it take for the concentration to reach 90? Round your
answer to two decimal places.
a. 4.98 hours
b. 2.98 hours
c. 0.23 hour
d. 1.39 hours
e. 100.00 hours
ANSWER: a
100. On a college campus of 10,000 students, a single student returned to campus infected by a disease. The
spread of the disease through the student body is given by , where y is the total number
infected at time t (in days). How many are infected after 7 days?
a. approximately 32 students
b. approximately 10 students
c. approximately 9,905 students
d. approximately 928 students
e. approximately 911 students
ANSWER: d
101. On a college campus of 10,000 students, a single student returned to campus infected by a disease. The
spread of the disease through the student body is given by , where y is the total number
infected at time t (in days). The school will shut down if 50% of the students are ill. What value of t corresponds
to this percentage?
a. Infinity
b. 8.19
c. 9.30
d. 6.44
e. 3.96
ANSWER: c

Name: Class: Date:

102. Suppose that the market share y (as a percent) that a company expects t months after a new product is
introduced is given by . What is the market share after the first month (to the nearest percent)?
Round your answer to two decimal place.
a. 30.77 %
b. 0.12 %
c. 1.46 %
d. 1.54 %
e. 29.27 %
ANSWER: c
103. Suppose that the market share y (as a percent) that a company expects t months after a new product is
introduced is given by . How long (to the nearest month) will it take for the market share to be
25%? Round your answer to one decimal place.
a. 10.8 months
b. 13.3 months
c. 1.8 months
d. 13.1 months
e. 16.2 months
ANSWER: a
104. Pollution levels in Lake Erie have been modeled by the equation , where x is the
volume of pollutants (in cubic kilometers) and t is the time (in years) (Adapted from R. H. Rainey, Science 155
(1967), 1242–1243). Find the initial pollution level; that is, find x when t=0.
a. 0.23 km3
b. 0.2 km3
c. 0.40 km3
d. 0.10 km3
e. 0.8 km3
ANSWER: a
105. For selected years from 1978 to 2002, the number of mutual funds N, excluding money market funds, can
be modeled by , where t is the number of years past 1975 (Source: Investment

Company Institute, Mutual Fund Fact Book (2003)). Use the model to estimate the number of mutual funds
in 2004. Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
a. 8,795
b. 205
Name: Class: Date:

c. 9,684
d. 7,906
e. 819,801
ANSWER: d
106. For selected years from 1978 to 2002, the number of mutual funds N, excluding money market funds, can
be modeled by , where t is the number of years past 1975 (Source: Investment

Company Institute, Mutual Fund Fact Book (2003)). Use the model to estimate the year when the number of
mutual funds will reach 8,000.
a. 1997
b. 1999
c. 2005
d. 2003
e. 2009
ANSWER: c
107. The following table gives the percent of the U.S. population with Internet connections for the years 1997 to
2003. Use a calculator to find the logistic function that models these data. Use x as the number of years past
1995.
Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Percent with
22.2 32.7 39.1 44.4 53.9 55.0 56.0
Internet
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: a
2003. Use a calculator to find the logistic function that models these data and then use the model to predict the
Name: Class: Date:

percent of the U.S. population with Internet connections in 2015. Use x as the number of years past 1995.
Round your answer to one decimal place.
Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Percent with
22.2 32.7 39.1 44.4 53.9 55.0 56.0
Internet
a. 63.9 %
b. 66.8 %
c. 62.3 %
d. 59.6 %
e. 56.8 %
ANSWER: d
2003. Use a calculator to find the logistic function that models these data and then use the model to predict
when 59.4% of the U.S. population will have internet connections. Use x as the number of years past 1995.
Round your answer to the nearest year.
Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Percent with
22.2 32.7 39.1 44.4 53.9 55.0 56.0
Internet
a. 2004
b. 2008
c. 2011
d. 2013
e. 2015
ANSWER: b

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Chapter 5 - Exponential and Logarithmic Functions