ETHIOPIAN CIVIL AVIATION RULES

AND STANDARDS
FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
QUICK REFERENCE

PREPARED BY MPL -17A

2019-9-9
ADVISOR
CAPTAIN FIKERU .T

Edited by Medhane.A

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MIN. AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE REQUIRED FOR AN
AIRPLANE INSTRUMENT RATING (part 2-78)
❖ Age. The applicant for an IR shall be not less than 18 year of age
❖ Medical fitness. The applicant for an IR shall hold either a Class 1 or 2 medical
certificates.
❖ Knowledge. The applicant for an IR shall receive and log ground training from an
authorized instructor on the following subjects
❖ 50 hours x-country PIC time.
➢ Of which, 10 hours in airplanes.
❖ 40 hours of instrument time in aircraft
➢ of which not more than 20 hours, or 30 hours where a flight simulator
➢ not less than 10 hours of the instrument flight time from an authorized flight
instructor.
❖ Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the
validity period of an IR is 1 year

PERSONAL DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR FLIGHT:

❖ Pilot certificate
❖ Medical certificate
❖ Authorized photo ID (passport, driver’s license, etc.)

AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR FLIGHT

A.R.R.O.W
❖ A-Airworthiness certificate
❖ R-Registration certificate
❖ R-Radio station license (for international flights)
❖ O-Operating limitations & AFM
❖ W-Weight & Balance data

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 DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED ON AIRCRAFT— ALL
OPERATIONS (part 8.2.1.8)
(a) no person may operate a civil aircraft in commercial air transport operations unless it has within it the
following current and approved documents:
1. Certificate of Aircraft Registration issued to the owner.
2. Certificate of Airworthiness.
3. Aircraft Journey Log.
4. Aircraft Radio License.
5. List of passenger names and points of embarkation and destination, if applicable.
6. Cargo manifest including special loads information.
7. Aircraft Technical Log.
8. Noise Certificate, if required.
9. AFM or RFM, for aeroplane or helicopters.
10. Part(s) of the Operations Manual relevant to operation(s) conducted.
11. MEL.
12. Category II or III Manual, as applicable.
13. Operational Flight Plan, for all international flights.
14. Filed ATC flight plan.
15. NOTAMS briefing documentation.
16. Meteorological information.
17. Mass and balance documentation.
18. Roster of special situation passengers.
19. Maps and charts for routes of proposed flight or possibly diverted flights.
20. Forms for complying with the reporting requirements of the Authority and the AOC holder.
21. For international flights, a general declaration for customs.
22. Any documentation that may be required by the Authority or States concerned with a proposed light.
23. The appropriate licenses for each member of the flight crew.
24. Copy of the release to service, if any, in force with respect to the aircraft.
25. Search and rescue information, for international flights

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 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION
REQUIRED FOR IFR (part 8.3)
❖ A-Annual inspection every 12 cal. Months (part 8.3.1.3)
❖ V-VOR every 30 days
❖ I-100 hour inspection
❖ A-Altimeter, altitude reporting and static system every 24 cal. months
❖ T-Transponder every 24 months
❖ E-ELT every 12 months

PREFLIGHT INFO REQUIRED FOR IFR(part 8.6.2.3)

W.K.R.A.F.T-

❖ W- Weather reports and forecasts.

❖ K- Known traffic delays as advised by ATC.
❖ R- Runway length of intended use.
❖ Alternatives available if flight cannot be completed as planned.
❖ F- Fuel requirements
❖ T- Takeoff and landing performance data

PREFLIGHT SELF-ASSESSMENT:
I.M S.A.F.E-

❖ Illness
❖ M- Medication
❖ S- Stress
❖ A-Alcohol (“8 hours bottle to throttle”; no more than .04% of alcohol in blood)
❖ F- Fatigue
❖ E- Emotion

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 RISK MANAGEMENT & PERSONAL MINIMUMS
P.A.V.E

❖ P- Pilot (general health, physical / mental / emotional state, proficiency, currency)

❖ A-Aircraft (airworthiness, equipment, performance)
❖ V- Environment (weather hazards, terrain, airports / runways to be used & other conditions)
❖ E- External pressure (meetings, people waiting at destination, etc.)

INSTRUMENT PIC RECENCY OF EXPERIENCE:

(Part 2.3.6.1)

❖ Last 6 calendar months (under actual/simulated instrument or Flight Training

Device/simulator, in the same aircraft category), logged: (“5 HITS”)

❖ 5 instrument approaches.
❖ Holding procedures & tasks.
❖ Intercept & Track courses through the use of electronic navigation Systems
❖ He or she may not plan for or initiate an instrument approach when the DH or
MDA is less than 100 m (300 ft) and the visibility less than 1.5km (1 statute mile).

To carry passengers as PIC

▪ 3 takeoffs and landings in last 90 days in the same category, class and type (if type rating
required).
▪ At periods between 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise: 3 takeoffs and landings
to a full stop during 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise in the last 90 days.
❖ To act as PIC – flight review in the last 24 cal. Months (see Part 2 ECARAS )

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IFR FLIGHT PLAN (part 8.6.1)

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 SUBMISSION OF A FLIGHT PLAN (part 8.6.1)
❖ A pilot shall file a VFR or IFR flight plan, as applicable
❖ The PIC shall submit a flight plan before departure or during flight, to the appropriate ATC
facility, unless arrangements have been made for submission of repetitive flight plans.
❖ Unless otherwise prescribed by the appropriate ATC authority, a pilot should submit a flight
plan to the appropriate ATC facility
❖ At least 60 minutes before departure; or
❖ If submitted during flight, at a time which will ensure its receipt by the appropriate ATC
facility at least 10 minutes before the aircraft is estimated to reach: -
(i) The intended point of entry into a control area or advisory area; or
(ii) The point of crossing an airway or advisory route.

CONTENTS OF A FLIGHT PLAN (part 8.6.1.3)

IFR or VFR flight plan shall include the following information: -

1. Aircraft identification;
2. Flight rules and type of flight;
3. Number and type(s) of aircraft and wake turbulence category;
4. Equipment;
5. Departure aerodrome and alternate (if required);
6. Estimated off-block time;
7. Cruising speed(s);
8. Cruising level(s);
9. Route to be followed;
10. Destination aerodrome and alternate (if required);
11. Fuel endurance;
12. Total number of persons on board;
13. Emergency and survival equipment; and Other information
❖ Stored in the system for 1.5 hours from proposed time of departure.

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 CLOSING A FLIGHT PLAN (part 8.6.1.6 )
❖ Towered airports – automatically canceled by ATC upon landing.
❖ Non-Towered airports – you must contact ATC/FSS to cancel.
❖ Can cancel anytime not in IMC and outside class A airspace
❖ Preferred IFR routes are published in the Airport/Facility Directory (AFD). If a preferred
route is published to your destination, you should file it in your flight plan.

N.b for further read part 8.6 flight planning and supervision

IFR MINIMUM ALTITUDES (Part 8.8.4.5)

Minimum prescribed, or if none:
❖ Mountainous areas: at least 600 m (2,000 ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8
km
❖ Non-mountainous areas: at least 300 m (I,000 ft) above the highest obstacle located
within 8 km (4SM)

IFR CRUISING ALTITUDES

(BASED ON MAGNETIC COURSE)
(part 8.8.4.5)

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 IFR MINIMUM FUEL REQUIREMENTS
EN ROUTE ALTERNATE AERODROMES— ETOPS
OPERATIONS (Part 8.6.2.12)
(a) No person shall select an aerodrome as an ETOPS en-route alternate aerodrome unless the
appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or any combination thereof, indicate that during a
period commencing 1 hour before and ending 1 hour after the expected time of arrival at the
aerodrome, the weather conditions will be at or above the planning minima prescribed in the
table below, and in accordance with the operator’s ETOPS approval.

Type of Approach Planning Minima

(RVR/visibility required & ceiling, if applicable)

Aerodrome with

at least 2 separate approach procedures at least 2 separate approach procedures

Precision Approach CAT I, III (ILS,
MLS)
Precision Approach CAT 1(ILS,
MLS)
Non-Precision Approach
Circling Approach
based on 2 separate aids serving 2
separate runways
Precision Approach CAT I Minima
Non-Precision Approach Minima
The lower of non-precision approach
minima plus 60 m (200 ft)/1,000 m or
circling minima
Circling Minima
based on 2 separate aids serving 1
runway or, at least 1 approach
procedure based on 1 aid serving 1
runway
Non-Precision Approach Minima
Circling minima or, if not available, n-
precision approach minima plus 60 m
(200 ft)/1,000m
The higher of non-precision approach
minima plus 60 m (200 ft)/1,000 m or
circling minima

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 MINIMUM FUEL SUPPLY FOR IFR FLIGHTS
(Part 8.6.2.15)
(a) No person may commence a flight under IFR unless there is enough fuel supply, considering
weather reports and forecasts, to:-

❖ Fly to the first point of intended landing and execute an instrument approach;
❖ Execute a missed approach and fly from that aerodrome to the most critical (in terms
of fuel consumption) alternate aerodrome, if required; and
❖ Fly thereafter at normal cruising speed:
❖ In a piston-powered aeroplane, for 45 minutes.
❖ In a rotorcraft, turbojet or turbofan aeroplane, for 30 minutes at a holding speed at
450m (1,500 ft) above the aerodrome, plus a reserve for contingencies specified by the
operator and approved by the Authority.

For IFR flights to isolated aerodromes, the 2-hour minimum reserve specified in (8.6.2.13 -
FUEL, OIL, AND OXYGEN PLANNING AND CONTINGENCY FACTORS)

DO YOU NEED AN ALTERNATE?

IFR TAKEOFF MINIMUMS FOR COMMERCIAL AIR
TRANSPORT (part 8.8.4.4)
Unless otherwise authorized by the Authority, no pilot operating an aircraft in commercial air
transport operations may accept a clearance to take off from a civil aerodrome under IFR unless
weather conditions are at or above Prescribed T/O minimums for specific runway, or, if none:
❖ 1-2 engines: 1,500 m (1 statute mile) visibility.
❖ More than 2 engines: 800 m (1/2 statute mile) visibility.

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 DESTINATION ALTERNATE RQUIREMENT
( part 8.6.2.6)

(A) No person may commence an IFR flight without at least one destination alternate
aerodrome listed in the flight plan unless:-
❖ There is a standard instrument approach procedure
❖ Available current meteorological information indicates that the following
meteorological conditions will exist from 2 hours before to 2 hours after the ETA
❖ cloud base of at least 300 m (1,000 ft) above the minimum
Visibility of at least 6 km or of 4 km more than the minimum associated with the procedure

YES! MINIMUM WEATHER CONDITIONS REQUIRED AT

AN AIRPORT TO LIST IT AS AN ALTERNATE ( part 8.6.2.6)
The alternate airport minima specified in the procedures, or, if none:

❖ PRECISION APPROACH PROCEDURE, a ceiling of at least 180 m (600 ft) and

visibility of not less than 3 km; or
❖ NON-PRECISION APPROACH PROCEDURE, a ceiling of at least 240 m (800 ft)
and visibility of not less than 5 km
❖ No instrument approach at the alternate: ceiling & visibility allowing descent from
MEA, approach and landing under basic VFR.

Basic IFR departure clearance items C.R.A.F.T

❖ C-Clearance Limit
❖ R-Route
❖ A-Altitude
❖ F-Frequency (for departure)

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 ❖ T-Transponder code

Clearance void time – The time at which your clearance is void and after which you may not
takeoff. You must notify ATC within 30 min after the void time if you did not depart. “Hold for
release” – You may not takeoff until being released for IFR departure.

Release time – The earliest time the aircraft may depart under IFR.

Expect Departure Clearance Time (EDCT) – A runway release time given under traffic
management programs in busy airports. Aircraft are expected to depart no earlier and no later
than 5 minutes from the EDCT.

Abbreviated departure clearance = “Cleared (…) as filed (…)”

POSITION REPORTS ITEMS (part 8.8.2.7)

❖ Aircraft ID
❖ Position
❖ Time
❖ Altitude/flight level
❖ Type of flight plan
❖ ETA
❖ The name only of the next succeeding reporting point along the route of flight v Any
pertinent remarks
❖ RVR

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 TWO-WAY RADIO COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE IN IFR
(part 8.8.4.19)
Route to fly A.V.E.F – select route by the following order:

A –Assigned route, if none:

V –Vectored (fly to the fix/route/airway last vectored to), if none:
E –last Expected route by ATC, if none:

F – Filed rout

Altitude to fly
M.E.A –fly the highest among:
M – Minimum altitude prescribed for IFR
E – Expected (The altitude or flight level ATC advised may be expected in a further clearance)
A – last altitude Assigned by ATC

DO NOT FLY A PROCEDURE TURN WHEN

S.H.A.R.P-T.T
S- Straight in approach.
H- Holding in lieu of a procedure turn.

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A- Arc
R- Radar vectored to final app course.
P- NoPT depicted on chart.
T- Timed approach.
T- Teardrop course reversal

OPERATION BELOW DH OR MDA

( Part 8.8.4.15 )
(a) Where a DH or MDA is applicable, no pilot may operate a civil aircraft at any aerodrome or
heliport below the authorized MDA, or continue an approach below the authorized DH unless—

❖ The aircraft is continuously in a position from which a descent to a landing on the

intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvers;

❖ The reported flight visibility is not less than the visibility prescribed in the standard
instrument approach being used or the controlling RVR is above the specified minimum;
and
❖ At least one of the following visual references for the intended runway is distinctly
visible and identifiable to the pilot—
(i) The approach light system, except that the pilot may not descend below 100 ft above the
touchdown zone elevation using the approach lights as a reference unless the red terminating
bars or the red side row bars are also distinctly visible and identifiable.
(ii) The threshold;
(iii) The threshold markings;
(iv) Threshold lights;
(v) The runway end identifier lights;
(vi) The visual approach slope indicator;
(vii) The touchdown zone or touchdown zone
markings;
(viii) The touchdown zone lights;

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(ix) The runway or runway markings; (x) The runway lights.

WHEN CAN YOU DESCEND TO NEXT INSTRUMENT

APPROACH SEGMENT?
When cleared for the approach and established on a segment of a published approach or route.

STANDARD RATE TURN ANGLE OF BANK CALCULATION

TAS / 10 + 5 Example: 130 KTAS- 130 KTAS / 10 + 5 = 18° of bank

BASIC VFR WEATHER MINIMUMS

(part 8.8.3.1)

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 VFR WEATHER MINIMUMS FOR TAKEOFF AND
LANDING (part 8.8.3.2)

within a control zone, or enter the aerodrome traffic zone or traffic pattern airspace unless the
❖ ceiling is at least 450 m (1,500 ft);
❖ visibility is at least 5 km;

N.b No person may land or takeoff an aircraft or enter the traffic pattern under VFR from an
aerodrome located outside a control zone, unless VMC conditions are at or above those
indicated in Part 8.8.3.1.

OXYGEN— MINIMUM SUPPLY AND USE(part 8.5.1.25)

❖ Cabin pressure altitudes exceeding 10,000-13,000ft- crew must use supplemental O2 for
period of flight over 30 minutes at these altitudes
❖ Cabin pressure altitude above 13,000 ft crew must be provided with and use of supplemental
O2 for the entire flight time at these altitudes
❖ Cabin pressure altitude above 13,000 ft each occupants must be provided with supplemental
O2
❖ Pressurized cabins
• One pilot must wear and use his O2 ,if there is no pilot at a pilot duty station Above
FL350 for General aviation operations
• One pilot must wear and use his O2, if there is no other pilot at a pilot duty station
Above FL 250 for Commercial air transport operations
❖ The PIC shall require all passengers to use oxygen continuously at cabin pressure
altitudes above 13,000 ft (part 8.9.1.6)

OXYGEN FOR MEDICAL USE BY PASSENGERS(part 8.9.2.13)

❖ No smoking within 10 ft of O2 storage and dispensing equipment carried for the medical
use of a passenger.

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❖ No passenger must connect or disconnect O2 dispensing equipment to or from an oxygen
cylinder while any other passenger is aboard the aircraft.

FLIGHT INTO KNOWN OR EXPECTED ICING (part 8.8.1.3)

❖ Take off or En-route operation is not allowed on aircraft when icing conditions are
expected, if the aircraft is not certified for icing operations and has no sufficient operational
de-icing or anti-icing equipment.
❖ Take off an aircraft is not allowed when frost, ice or snow is adhering to the wings, control
surfaces, propellers, engine inlets or other critical surfaces of the plane.

FLIGHT RELEASE—IN ICING CONDITIONS (part8.12.1.9)

❖ Aircraft must not be released a, when icing conditions that may be expected or are met
exceed that for which the aircraft is certified for de-icing or anti-icing equipment
❖ Aircraft must not be released if conditions such as frost, ice or snow may be expected
unless there is available facilities and equipment at departure aerodrome for ground de-
icing and anti-icing.
❖ Adverse weather recognition and avoidance, and flight procedures which shall be
followed when operating in the following conditions:
• Icing, heavy precipitation, contaminated runways.
o Ice and rain protection
• Rain removal systems.
• Anti-icing and/or deicing system(s) affecting flight controls, engines, pitot static
and other Probes, fluid outlets, cockpit windows, and aircraft structures.

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