Hands-On Networking Fundamentals 2nd Edition

Michael Palmer

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Chapter 6: Connecting Through A Wireless Network

TRUE/FALSE

1. Line-of-sight radio transmissions have an advantage of being able to go through tall land masses.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 237

2. The transmission speeds in the 802.11 group of wireless standards correspond to the Physical layer of
the OSI model.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 248

3. Devices for the 802.11a standard are the most widespread of the 802.11 wireless standards.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 249

4. Wireless networks are impervious to man-in-the-middle attacks.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 255

5. WPA2 is backward compatible with WPA but cannot be used along with WEP.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 256

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following technologies is used for short distance wireless communications such as within
an office, and is harder to tap into without someone noticing?
a. infrared c. ultraviolet
b. microwave d. gamma ray
 ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 232

2. One ____ represents a radiated alternating current or emission of one cycle per second.
a. Angstrom c. nanometer
b. Hertz d. rpm
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 233

3. Which of the following uses datagrams and wireless packet switching to send data through radio
waves?
a. CB radio c. amateur radio
b. digital radio d. packet radio
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 233

4. Which of the following is a device that sends out and picks up radio waves and is used by access
points and wireless NICs?
a. antenna c. receiver
b. transmitter d. wireless modem
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 240

5. At which layer of the OSI model do both priority-based access and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) function?
a. Transport c. Network
b. Physical d. Data Link
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 247

6. Which of the following standards supports three transmission technologies on the 2.4 GHz band?
a. 802.11a c. 802.11c
b. 802.11b d. 802.11g
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 249

7. In which of the following system authentication methods can any two stations authenticate with each
other?
a. open c. selective
b. closed d. binary
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 255

8. Which of the following is a value that defines a logical network for all devices that belong to it?
a. WEP encryption key c. preshared key
b. service set identifier d. shared key
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 258

9. The 802.11i standard uses ____ for creating random encryption keys from one master key.
a. AES c. TKIP
b. PSK d. RSN
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 260

10. What type of notice is sent when a station wants to disconnect from another station?
a. denial c. deactivation
 b. deauthentication d. termination
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 261

11. Which of the following is a wireless topology that employs two or more access points to form a
multiple-cell wireless LAN?
a. IBSS c. IAPP
b. star d. ESS
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 263

12. Bluetooth uses ____,which means that packets are sent in alternating directions using time slots.
a. code division multiplexing c. time division multiplexing
b. time division duplexing d. code division duplexing
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 264

13. Infrared can be broadcast in a single direction or in all directions, using a(n) ____ to transmit and a
photodiode to receive.
a. antenna c. laser
b. LED d. satellite dish
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 266

14. WiMAX is another name for the IEEE 802.16 standard for wireless ____.
a. WANs c. MANs
b. LANs d. DANs
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 267

15. Which of the following orbit at a distance of between 435 and 1000 miles above the Earth’s surface
and are used for both broadband computer and satellite phone communications?
a. LEO satellites c. terrestrial satellites
b. geosynchronous satellites d. WiMax satellites
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 273

16. An area with public wireless access is called a ____,which is simply a location that provides a public
access point to users.
a. hotspot c. nexus
b. cell d. hub
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 268

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. Which of the following is a standard for 802.11 networks? (Choose all that apply.)
a. 802.11a c. 802.11c
b. 802.11b d. 802.11d
ANS: A, B PTS: 1 REF: 248

2. Which wireless networking standards can operate in the 5 GHz frequency band?
a. 802.11a c. 802.11g
b. 802.11b d. 802.11n
 ANS: A, D PTS: 1 REF: 248, 252

3. Which of the following are improvements of the 802.11n standard versus the 802.11a and 802.11g
standards? (Choose all that apply.)
a. operates at up to 54 Mbps c. utilizes WEP for security
b. uses MIMO d. uses aggregation of frames and ACK
responses
ANS: B, D PTS: 1 REF: 251

4. Which of the following are steps you can take to increase 802.11 performance? (Choose all that
apply.)
a. place the access point against a wall c. avoid placing access points in metal
cabinets
b. use WNICs with internal antennas d. use the 5 GHz band for 802.11n access
points
ANS: C, D PTS: 1 REF: 254

COMPLETION

1. A(n) ____________________ transmission goes from point to point, following the surface of the
Earth, rather than bouncing off the atmosphere to skip across the country or continents.

ANS: line-of-sight

PTS: 1 REF: 237

2. ___________________ communications occur in discrete units with a start bit at the front and a stop
bit at the back.

ANS: Asynchronous

PTS: 1 REF: 238

3. In ____________________ access, the access point device also functions as a point coordinator.

ANS: priority-based

PTS: 1 REF: 247

4. The ________________________________________ topology consists of ad hoc peer-to-peer

communication between WNICs on individual computers.

ANS:
independent basic service set
IBSS
independent basic service set (IBSS)
IBSS (independent basic service set)

PTS: 1 REF: 261

5. A(n) ____________________ satellite maintains an orbital position that is stationary with respect to
the earth.
 ANS: geosynchronous

PTS: 1 REF: 272

MATCHING

Match each term with the correct statement below.

a. Wi-Fi Alliance f. terminal node controller (TNC)
b. controlled port g. automatic repeat request (ARQ)
c. access point h. pulse position modulation (PPM)
d. satellite microwave i. spread spectrum technology
e. frequency hopping
1. converted a computer’s digital signal to an analog signal that was amplified by a transceiver and
broadcast through an antenna.
2. promotes wireless networking for LANs
3. spreads a transmission over one or more adjoining frequencies, using greater bandwidth to transmit the
signal.
4. device that can optionally attach to a cabled network and that services wireless communications
between WNICs and the cabled network.
5. characteristic in 802.11 standard that helps wireless devices take interference into account.
6. defined by 802.1x to allow only authenticated communications.
7. means that transmissions hop among 79 frequencies for each packet that is sent.
8. communication method used by the IEEE 802.11R standard.
9. transmits the signal between three antennas, one of which is on a satellite in space.

1. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 233

2. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 236
3. ANS: I PTS: 1 REF: 237
4. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 240
5. ANS: G PTS: 1 REF: 248
6. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 260
7. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 264
8. ANS: H PTS: 1 REF: 267
9. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 271

SHORT ANSWER

1. What are five needs that wireless networks are designed and installed to accommodate?

ANS:
Wireless networks are designed and installed to accommodate all types of needs, which include the
following:
Enabling communications in areas where a wired network would be difficult to install
Reducing installation costs
Providing “anywhere” access to users who cannot be tied down to a cable
Enabling easier small office and home office networking
Enabling data access to fit the application.

PTS: 1 REF: 234

2. Describe spread spectrum technology.

ANS:
Spread spectrum technology spreads the transmission over one or more adjoining frequencies,using
greater bandwidth to transmit the signal. Spread spectrum frequency ranges are very high, in the 902–
928 MHz range and much higher. Spread spectrum transmissions typically send data at a rate of 1–600
Mbps.

PTS: 1 REF: 237

3. What is an omnidirectional antenna and how is it used?

ANS:
An omnidirectional antenna radiates the radio waves in all directions. Because the signal is diffused
more than the signal of a directional antenna, it is likely to have less gain than a directional antenna. In
wireless networking, an omnidirectional antenna is often used on an indoor network, in which users
are mobile and need to broadcast and receive in all directions. In addition, the signal gain in an indoor
network often does not have to be as high as for an outdoor network, because the indoor distances
between wireless devices are shorter.

PTS: 1 REF: 241

4. How does CSMA/CA work in a wireless network?

ANS:
In CSMA/CA, a station waiting to transmit listens to determine if the communication frequency is idle.
It determines if the frequency is idle by checking the Receiver Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) level.
The point at which the transmission frequency is idle is when there is the most risk of collisions by two
or more stations that want to initiate a transmission at the same time. As soon as the frequency is idle,
each station listens for DIFS seconds to make sure the frequency remains idle.
If the frequency remains idle for DIFS seconds, stations avoid a collision because each station
needing to transmit calculates a different amount of time to wait or a “backoff time” until
checking the frequency again to see if it is idle. If the frequency remains idle, the station with the
shortest backoff time (delay time) transmits. If the frequency does not remain idle, stations that need to
transmit wait until the frequency is idle and then wait again according to the backoff time they have
already calculated.

PTS: 1 REF: 247-248

5. How does Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) work?

ANS:
DSSS first spreads the data across any of up to 14 channels, each 22 MHz in width. The data signal is
sequenced over the channels and is amplified to have a high gain to combat interference. For speeds of
5.5 Mbps and above, 802.11b also uses Barker Code and Complementary Code Keying (CCK), which
enables DSSS to send more information per transmission.

PTS: 1 REF: 249

6. What is a service set identifier?

ANS:
 A service set identifier (SSID) is an identification value that typically can be up to 32 characters in
length. SSID is not a password, but rather a value that defines a logical network for all devices that
belong to it. For example, the SSID might be a series of random characters, or it might be a string that
actually describes the name or purpose of the network, such as “Atmospheric Research.”

PTS: 1 REF: 258

7. How does the Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) enable roaming communications?

ANS:
IAPP enables a mobile station to move from one cell to another without losing connection. IAPP
encapsulates both the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and IP for roaming communications. IAPP
enables existing access points to be notified when a new access point is attached to a network, and it
enables adjacent access points to share configuration information with one another. IAPP also enables
an access point that has been communicating with a mobile station to automatically transfer
information about the original connection (and any data waiting to be sent) to another access point
when the mobile station moves from the cell of the first access point to the cell of the second access
point.

PTS: 1 REF: 263

8. Describe the two operational modes of the current version of high-performance radio local area
network (HiperLAN2).

ANS:
HiperLAN2 operates in two modes. One is the direct mode, which is a peer-to-peer network mode
(similar to the 802.11 IBSS topology) that consists of only communicating stations. The other mode is
called the centralized mode, because it involves larger networks using access points that centralize and
control the network traffic. Both modes use time division duplexing (TDD), the same method used by
Bluetooth, as the communications method.

PTS: 1 REF: 266

9. Describe the WiMAX technology.

ANS:
WiMAX is sometimes called a connection for the “last mile,” because it can be used to provide
wireless connectivity between an office or home and a wired network provider, such as one providing
access to the Internet. WiMAX operates in the 2 to 66 GHz range. WiMAX provides connectivity up
to 75 Mbps and has a reach of up to 48 kilometers (about 30 miles). In many installations, though, the
actual distance is less than this, 8 to 16 kilometers (5 to 10 miles), depending on the devices in use.

PTS: 1 REF: 268-269

10. Identify three uses for satellite networks.

ANS:
Broadband (high-speed) Internet communications
Satellite phone communications
Worldwide video conferencing
Classroom and educational communications
Other communications involving voice, video, and data

PTS: 1 REF: 273