Test Bank for Microbiology An Introduction 11th Edition

Tortora Funke Case 0321733606 9780321733603

Download full test bank at:
https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-microbiology-an-introduction-
11th-edition-tortora-funke-case-0321733606-9780321733603/

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
Which of
the
followin
g is NOT
equal to
1 mm?
1)
_______
A)
10-3 m
B)
100 μm
C)
10 6 nm
D)
0.1 cm
E)
0.001 m

2)
What
structure
does
light
pass
through
after
leaving
the
condense
r in a
compou
nd light
microsco
pe?
2)
_______
A)
specimen
B)
ocular lens
C)
objective lens
D)
illuminator

3)
Which of
the
followin
g pairs is
mismatc
hed?
3)
_______
A)
crystal violet — simple stain
B)
methylene blue — simple stain
C)
nigrosin — negative stain
D)
basic dye — negative stain
E)
acidic dye — capsule stain

4)
Which of
the
followin
g places
the steps
of the
Gram
stain in
the
correct
order?
1-
Alcohol-
acetone
2-Crystal
violet
3-
Safranin
4-Iodine
4)
_______
A)
2-1-4-3
B)
1-3-2-4
C)
2-4-1-3
D)
4-3-2-1
E)
1-2-3-4

5)
Which of
the
followin
g pairs is
mismatc
hed?
5)
_______
A)
alcohol- acetone — decolorizer
B)
crystal violet — basic dye
C)
carbolfuchsin — basic dye
D)
safranin — acid dye
E)
iodine — mordant

6)
Which of
the
followin
g is NOT
true
regardin
g the
acid-fast
stain?
6)
_______
A)
If cells are acid-fast, they are gram-negative.
B)
It is used to identify members of the genus Mycobacterium.
C)
Non-acid-fast microbes appear blue in a completed acid-fast stain.
D)
Acid-fast cells appear red in a completed acid-fast stain.
E)
Acid-fast cells retain the primary dye after treatment with acid-alcohol.

7)
The
purpose
of a
mordant
in the
Gram
stain is
to
7)
_______
A)
remove the simple stain.
B)
make gram- negative cells visible.
C)
make the flagella visible.
D)
prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells.
E)
make the bacterial cells larger.

8)
Which of
the
followin
g places
the steps
in the
correct
sequence
?
1-
Staining
2-
Making a
smear
3-Fixing
8)
_______
A)
2-3-1
B)
1-3-2
C)
3-2-1
D)
1-2-3
E)
The order is unimportant.

9)
The
negative
stain is
used to
9)
_______
A)
visualize capsules.
B)
determine Gram reaction.
C)
visualize endospores.
D)
determine cell size.
E)
determine flagella arrangement.

10)
Simple
staining
is often
necessar
y to
improve
contrast
in which
microsco
pe?
10)
______
A)
phase-contrast microscope
B)
fluorescence microscope
C)
darkfield microscope
D)
compound light microscope
E)
electron microscope

11)
Which
microsco
pe is
used to
see
internal
structure
s of cells
in a
natural
state?
11)
______
A)
darkfield microscope
B)
fluorescence microscope
C)
phase-contrast microscope
D)
electron microscope
E)
compound light microscope

12)
Which
microsco
pe uses
visible
light?
12)
______
A)
scanning acoustic microscope
B)
confocal microscope
C)
fluorescence microscope
D)
scanning electron microscope
E)
differential interference contrast microscope

13)
Which
microsco
pe
achieves
the
highest
magnific
ation and
greatest
resolutio
n?
13)
______
A)
fluorescence microscope
B)
darkfield microscope
C)
phase-contrast microscope
D)
compound light microscope
E)
electron microscope

14)
In using
this
microsco
pe, the
observer
does
NOT
look
directly
at an
image
through
a lens.
14)
______
A)
phase-contrast microscope
B)
electron microscope
C)
fluorescence microscope
D)
compound light microscope
E)
darkfield microscope

15)
This
microsco
pe
produces
an image
of a light
cell
against a
dark
backgrou
nd;
internal
structure
s are
NOT
visible.
15)
______
A)
electron microscope
B)
compound light microscope
C)
phase-contrast microscope
D)
fluorescence microscope
E)
darkfield microscope

16)
A virus
measures
100 nm
in length.
What is
its length
in μm?
16)
______
A)
0.01 μm
B)
1 μm
C)
0.001 μm
D)
10 μm
E)
.1 μm

17)
Which of
the
followin
g is NOT
useful
for
observin
g living
cells?
17)
______
A)
darkfield microscope
B)
brightfield microscope
C)
scanning acoustic microscope
D)
scanning electron microscope
E)
phase-contrast microscope

18)
A
microorg
anism
measures
5 μm in
length.
Its length
in mm
would be
18)
______
A)
50 mm.
B)
0.5 mm.
C)
500 mm.
D)
0.005 mm.
E)
0.05 mm.

19)
Which of
the
followin
g
correctly
traces
the path
of light
through
the
compou
nd
microsco
pe?
19)
______
A)
condenser; light source; specimen; ocular lens; objective lens
B)
light source; condenser; objective lens; specimen; ocular lens
C)
light source; specimen; condenser; objective lens; ocular lens
D)
light source; condenser; specimen; objective lens; ocular lens
E)
condenser; light source; specimen; objective lens; ocular lens

Figure 3.1

20)
In Figure
3.1, line
"c"
points to
the
microsco
pe's
20)
______
A)
illuminator.
B)
condenser.
C)
objective lens.
D)
ocular lens.

21)
Which
microsco
pe can be
used to
visualize
DNA or
botulinu
m toxin?
21)
______
A)
scanning electron microscope
B)
compound light microscope
C)
scanning tunneling microscope
D)
confocal microscope
E)
phase-contrast microscope

22)
Which
microsco
pe is
used to
observe a
specimen
that
emits
light
when
illuminat
ed with
an
ultraviol
et light?
22)
______
A)
electron microscope
B)
darkfield microscope
C)
compound light microscope
D)
phase-contrast microscope
E)
fluorescence microscope

23)
Which
microsco
pe is
most
useful
for
visualizi
ng a
biofilm?
23)
______
A)
phase-contrast microscope
B)
compound light microscope
C)
fluorescence microscope
D)
transmission electron microscope
E)
scanning acoustic microscope

24)
Which
microsco
pe takes
advantag
e of
differenc
es in the
refractiv
e indexes
of cell
structure
s?
24)
______
A)
phase-contrast microscope
B)
compound light microscope
C)
darkfield microscope
D)
electron microscope
E)
fluorescence microscope

25)
You are
performi
ng a
Gram
stain on
gram-
positive
bacteria
and you
stop after
the
addition
of the
first dye.
What is
the
appearan
ce of the
bacteria
at this
point?
25)
______
A)
colorless
B)
purple
C)
brown
D)
red

26)
You are
performi
ng a
Gram
stain on
gram-
negative
bacteria
and you
stop after
the
addition
of the
mordant.
What is
the
appearan
ce of the
bacteria
at this
point?
26)
______
A)
colorless
B)
brown
C)
red
D)
purple

27)
You are
performi
ng a
Gram
stain on
gram-
negative
bacteria
and you
stop after
the
decoloriz
er step.
What is
the
appearan
ce of the
bacteria
at this
point?
27)
______
A)
purple
B)
brown
C)
colorless
D)
red

28)
You are
performi
ng a
Gram
stain on
gram-
positive
bacteria
and you
stop after
the
addition
of the
counterst
ain.
What is
the
appearan
ce of the
bacteria
at this
point?
28)
______
A)
red
B)
purple
C)
colorless
D)
brown

29)
Which
type of
stain is
most
useful in
helping
clinicians
to decide
which
antibiotic
to
prescribe
for a
bacterial
infection
?
29)
______
A)
Gram stain
B)
flagella stain
C)
endospore stain
D)
simple stain
E)
negative stain

30)
Which of
the
followin
g pairs is
mismatc
hed?
30)
______
A)
darkfield microscope —uses visible light
B)
fluorescence microscope —uses a fluorescent light
C)
scanning tunneling microscope —allows visualization of atoms
D)
scanning electron microscope —produces a three-dimensional image
E)
confocal microscope —produces a three-dimensional image

31)
What is
the total
magnific
ation of a
specimen
viewed
with a
10x
ocular
lens and
a 45x
objective
lens?
31)
______
A)
450x
B)
4.5x
C)
45x
D)
100x
E)
10x

32)
You are
studying
a cell
structure
that is
approxi
mately
100 nm
in size.
Which of
the
followin
g
provides
the
lowest
magnific
ation
you can
use to
see this
structure
?
32)
______
A)
scanning electron microscope
B)
transmission electron microscope
C)
phase-contrast microscope
D)
darkfield microscope
E)
brightfield microscope

33)
Which
microsco
pe uses
two
beams of
light to
produce
a three-
dimensio
nal color
image?
33)
______
A)
fluorescence microscope
B)
DIC microscope
C)
phase-contrast microscope
D)
electron microscope
E)
darkfield microscope

34)
Which
microsco
pe is
used to
see
intracell
ular
detail in
a living
cell?
34)
______
A)
brightfield microscope
B)
fluorescence microscope
C)
two-photon microscope
D)
atomic force microscope
E)
transmission electron microscope

35)
Which
microsco
pe is
used to
observe
viruses
and the
internal
structure
of thinly
sectioned
cells?
35)
______
A)
brightfield microscope
B)
fluorescence microscope
C)
darkfield microscope
D)
scanning electron microscope
E)
transmission electron microscope

36)
Which
microsco
pe is
used to
see detail
of a 300-
nm
virus?
36)
______
A)
darkfield microscope
B)
phase-contrast microscope
C)
electron microscope
D)
DIC microscope
E)
fluorescence microscope

37)
Assume
you stain
Bacillus
by
applying
malachit
e green
with heat
and then
counterst
aining
with
safranin.
Through
the
microsco
pe, the
green
structure
s are
37)
______
A)
capsules.
B)
flagella.
C)
cell walls.
D)
endospores.
E)
The answer cannot be determined.

38)
Which
step in
the Gram
stain is
the
critical
step in
differenti
ating
gram-
positive
cells
from
gram-
negative
cells?
38)
______
A)
alcohol-
acetone
B)
iodine
C)
safranin
D)
crystal violet

39)
You find
colorless
areas in
cells in a
gram-
stained
smear.
What
should
you
apply
next?
39)
______
A)
an acid-fast stain
B)
a capsule stain
C)
a flagella stain
D)
a simple stain
E)
an endospore stain

40)
Which
microsco
pe is best
used for
observin
g the
surfaces
of intact
cells and
viruses?
40)
______
A)
scanning electron microscope
B)
phase-contrast microscope
C)
fluorescence microscope
D)
brightfield microscope
E)
darkfield microscope

41)
Bacterial
smears
are fixed
before
staining
to
41)
______
A)
make the cells
visible.
B)
make their walls permeable.
C)
accept stain.
D)
affix the cells to the slide.

42)
The
resolutio
n of a
microsco
pe can be
improve
d by
changing
the
42)
______
A)
diaphragm.
B)
coarse adjustment.
C)
wavelength of light.
D)
condenser.
E)
fine adjustment.

43)
A
student
is
looking
at a
bacterial
specimen
using the
oil
immersio
n lens,
but has
forgotten
to put
immersio
n oil on
the slide.
The
specimen
will
appear
43)
______
A)
to have no color.
B)
somewhat fuzzy and have poor resolution.
C)
smaller than it would if immersion oil was used.
D)
larger than it would if immersion oil was used.
E)
the same as it would if the immersion oil was used.

44)
The
purpose
of the
ocular
lens is to
44)
______
A)
decrease the light.
B)
decrease the refractive index.
C)
improve resolution.
D)
magnify the image from the objective lens.
E)
increase the light.

45)
) In
microsco
py, the
term
resolutio
n
45)
______
A)
is only observed in stained specimens.
B)
is improved when longer wavelengths of light are employed.
C)
refers to magnification when using the electron microscope.
D)
refers to the ability to distinguish fine structure and detail in a specimen.
E)
is the same as the total magnification of a specimen.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
46)
The
counterst
ain used
in the
Gram
stain is a
basic
dye.
46)
______

47)
In a
complete
d Gram
stain,
gram-
negative
bacteria
are
colorless.
47)
______

48)
In a
complete
d Gram
stain,
gram-
positive
bacteria
are
purple.
48)
______

49)
If acid-
fast
bacteria
are
stained
with the
Gram
stain,
they will
stain
gram-
negative.
49)
______

50)
The limit
of
resolutio
n of the
compou
nd
microsco
pe
illuminat
ed with
visible
light is
approxi
mately
0.2 μm.
50)
______

51)
Both
phase-
contrast
microsco
py and
differenti
al
interfere
nce
contrast
microsco
py are
used to
view the
internal
structure
s of cells
without
staining.
51)
______

52)
Cells
viewed
in
darkfield
microsco
py
appear
similar to
those
stained
with the
negative
stain.
52)
______

53)
The
capsules
and
flagella
of
bacteria
can be
observed
in gram-
stained
smears.
53)
______

54)
The
greater
resolutio
n of the
electron
microsco
pe
compare
d to the
compou
nd
microsco
pe is due
to the
longer
wavelen
gths of
the
electrons
used to
examine
specimen
s.
54)
______

55)
Scanned
probe
microsco
py is
used to
examine
fine
detail of
molecula
r
complex
es, such
as blood
clots, or
molecule
s, such as
DNA.
55)
______

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
56)
In 1877, Koch thought preparing permanently stained slides would be valuable. Why
Robert was his assessment correct?

57)
In 1884, Gram described a method of staining bacterial cells while not staining surrounding animal tissues. However,
Hans he thought that the staining method he developed was faulty because not all bacteria stained. In a letter to
Christian the editor of the journal in which Gram published his findings, write your response to Gram's concern.

58)
You are in a clinical laboratory and you need to examine an unstained urine sample for the presence of bacteria.
working What type of light microscope should you use to observe this specimen? Explain your answer.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
59)
Which of
the
followin
g
statemen
ts is
INCORR
ECT
regardin
g
prokaryo
tic cells?
59)
______
A)
They typically have a circular chromosome.
B)
Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.
C)
They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.
D)
They lack a plasma membrane.
E)
They reproduce by binary fission.

60)
Each of
the
followin
g
statemen
ts
concerni
ng the
gram-
positive
cell wall
is true
EXCEPT
60)
______
A)
it is sensitive to lysozyme.
B)
it protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.
C)
it maintains the shape of the cell.
D)
it is sensitive to penicillin.
E)
it contains teichoic acids.

61)
Which of
the
followin
g
statemen
ts best
describes
what
happens
when a
bacterial
cell is
placed in
a
solution
containin
g5
percent
NaCl?
61)
______
A)
Water will move into the cell.
B)
Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration.
C)
The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
D)
Water will move out of the cell.
E)
No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

62)
A gram-
positive
bacteria
suddenly
acquires
resistanc
e to the
antibiotic
methicilli
n. This
trait
most
likely
occurred
due to
62)
______
A)
binary fission.
B)
meisosis.
C)
conjugation.
D)
transformatio n.
E)
transduction.

63)
By which
of the
followin
g
mechanis
ms can a
cell
transport
a
substanc
e from a
lower to
a higher
concentr
ation?
63)
______
A)
aquaporins
B)
facilitated diffusion
C)
simple diffusion
D)
extracellular enzymes
E)
active transport

64)
Which of
the
followin
g is NOT
a typical
character
istic of
most
bacterial
plasma
membra
nes?
64)
______
A)
is selectively permeable
B)
composed of a phospholipid bilayer
C)
site of energy production
D)
contains proteins
E)
contains cholesterol

65)
Which of
the
followin
g have a
cell wall?
65)
______
A)
mycoplasmas
B)
fungi
C)
protoplasts
D)
L forms
E)
animal cells

66)
Which of
the
followin
g
statemen
ts is
TRUE?
66)
______
A)
A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing.
B)
Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes.
C)
Endospores are for reproduction.
D)
A cell can produce many endospores.
E)
Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain.

67)
Which of
the
followin
g pairs is
mismatc
hed?
67)
______
A)
endoplasmic reticulum internal transport
B)
Golgi complex secretion
C)
centrosome food storage
D)
lysosome digestive enzymes
E)
mitochondria ATP production

68)
Which of
the
followin
g
organelle
s most
closely
resemble
sa
prokaryo
tic cell?
68)
______
A)
Golgi complex
B)
cell wall
C)
nucleus
D)
mitochondrio n
E)
vacuole

Figure 4.1

69)
Which
drawing
in Figure
4.1 is a
tetrad?
69)
______
A)
a
B)
b
C)
c
D)
d
E)
e

70)
Which
drawing
in Figure
4.1
possesse
s an axial
filament?
70)
______
A)
a
B)
b
C)
c
D)
d
E)
e

71)
Which
drawing
in Figure
4.1 is
streptoco
cci?
71)
______
A)
a
B)
b
C)
c
D)
d
E)
e

72)
Antibioti
cs that
target
cell wall
synthesis
ultimatel
y cause
bacterial
cell
death as
a result
of
72)
______
A)
plasmolysis.
B)
inhibition of molecular transport.
C)
osmotic lysis.
D)
decreased synthesis of peptidoglycan.
E)
cell shrinkage.

73)
Bacteria
are a
commonl
y used
organism
for
studies
of
genetic
material
in the
research
laborator
y. The
nucleic
acids
must
first be
isolated
from the
cells for
these
studies.
Which of
the
followin
g would
most
likely be
used to
lyse the
bacterial
cells for
nucleic
acid
isolation
?
73)
______
A)
polymixins
B)
water
C)
alcohol
D)
mycolic acid
E)
lysozyme

74)
Which of
the
followin
g
statemen
ts about
gram-
negative
cell walls
is
FALSE?
74)
______
A)
They are toxic to humans.
B)
They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids.
C)
Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.
D)
They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment.
E)
They are sensitive to penicillin.

75)
Which of
the
followin
g
structure
s is NOT
found in
some
prokaryo
tic cells?
75)
______
A)
pilus
B)
flagellum
C)
cilium
D)
peritrichous flagella
E)
axial filament

76)
Function
s of the
glycocaly
x include
all of the
followin
g
EXCEPT
76)
______
A)
biofilm formation.
B)
source of nutrition.
C)
binary fission.
D)
protection against dehydration.
E)
increased virulence.

77)
Which
structure
acts like
an
“invisibil
ity
cloak”
and
protects
bacteria
from
being
phagocyt
ized?
77)
______
A)
capsule
B)
slime layer
C)
cell wall
D)
fimbriae
E)
cell membrane

78)
Which of
the
followin
g is NOT
part of
the
passive
transport
process?
78)
______
A)
plasma membrane
B)
concentration gradient
C)
aquaporins
D)
transporter proteins
E)
ATP

Figure 4.2

79)
Which of
the
followin
g terms
best
describes
the cell
in Figure
4.2?
79)
______
A)
peritrichous flagella
B)
amphitrichous flagella
C)
lophotrichous flagella
D)
axial filament
E)
monotrichous flagella

80)
In
bacteria,
photosyn
thetic
pigments
are
found in
80)
______
A)
chromatophor es.
B)
ribosomes.
C)
cytoplasm.
D)
chloroplasts.
E)
mesosomes.

81)
The
differenc
e
between
simple
diffusion
and
facilitate
d
diffusion
is that
facilitate
d
diffusion
81)
______
A)
moves materials from a lower to a higher concentration.
B)
requires transporter proteins.
C)
does not require ATP.
D)
requires ATP.
E)
moves materials from a higher to a lower concentration.

82)
The
terms
“run”
and
“tumble”
are
generally
associate
d with
82)
______
A)
cell wall fluidity.
B)
cell membrane synthesis.
C)
clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria.
D)
taxic movements of the cell.

83)
You have
isolated
a motile,
gram-
positive
cell with
no
visible
nucleus.
You can
safely
assume
that the
cell
83)
______
A)
lives in an extreme environment.
B)
has 9 pairs + 2 flagella.
C)
has a mitochondrion.
D)
has a cell wall.
E)
has cilia.

84)
Fimbriae
and pili
differ in
that
84)
______
A)
there are only one or two pili per cell.
B)
pili are used for motility.
C)
pili are used to transfer DNA.
D)
pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility.
E)
pili are used for attachment to surfaces.

Figure 4.3

85)
In Figure
4.3,
which
diagram
of a cell
wall is a
gram-
negative
cell wall?
85)
______
A)
a
B)
b
C)
both a and b
D)
neither a nor b
E)
The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

86)
In Figure
4.3,
which
diagram
of a cell
wall
possesse
s
molecule
s
responsi
ble for
sympto
ms
associate
d with
infection
?
86)
______
A)
a
B)
b
C)
both a and b
D)
neither a nor b
E)
The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

87)
In Figure
4.3,
which
diagram
of a cell
wall has
a
structure
that
protects
against
osmotic
lysis?
87)
______
A)
a
B)
b
C)
both a and b
D)
neither a nor b
E)
The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

88)
In Figure
4.3,
which
diagram
of a cell
wall is
decoloriz
ed by
alcohol?
88)
______
A)
a
B)
b
C)
both a and b
D)
neither a nor b
E)
The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

89)
In Figure
4.3,
which
diagram
of a cell
wall is
resistant
to many
antibiotic
s (e.g.,
penicillin
)?
89)
______
A)
a
B)
b
C)
both a and b
D)
neither a nor b
E)
The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

90)
In Figure
4.3,
which
diagram
of a cell
wall
contains
teichoic
acids?
90)
______
A)
a
B)
b
C)
both a and b
D)
neither a nor b
E)
The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

91)
In Figure
4.3,
which
diagram
of a cell
wall
contains
porins?
91)
______
A)
a
B)
b
C)
both a and b
D)
neither a nor b
E)
The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

92)
Where
are
phosphol
ipids
most
likely
found in
a
prokaryo
tic cell?
92)
______
A)
flagella
B)
around organelles
C)
the plasma membrane
D)
ribosomes
E)
the plasma membrane and around organelles

93)
Where
are
phosphol
ipids
most
likely
found in
a
eukaryot
ic cell?
93)
______
A)
ribosomes
B)
the plasma membrane
C)
surrounding flagella
D)
around organelles
E)
the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella

94)
Which of
the
followin
g is NOT
found in
mitochon
dria and
prokaryo
tes?
94)
______
A)
cell wall
B)
binary fission
C)
circular chromosome
D)
70S ribosomes
E)
ATP- generating mechanism

95)
Which of
the
followin
g
statemen
ts is
correct
about
diffusion
?
95)
______
A)
It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
B)
It is an active which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.
process in
C)
It may require a transport protein.
D)
It is a passive which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower
process in concentration.
E)
It involves molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein.
movement of

96)
Oxygen
crosses a
plasma
membra
ne
96)
______
A)
by osmosis.
B)
through facilitated diffusion.
C)
through porins.
D)
through simple diffusion.
E)
with the help of a nonspecific transporter.

97)
In a
hyperton
ic
solution,
a
bacterial
cell will
typically
97)
______
A)
burst.
B)
plasmolyze.
C)
osmolyze.
D)
lyse.
E)
stay the same.

98)
What
will
happen
if a
bacterial
cell is
placed in
distilled
water
with
lysozym
e?
98)
______
A)
The cell will plasmolyze.
B)
Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell.
C)
Water will leave the cell.
D)
The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
E)
No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

99)
How do
spirochet
es and
spirilla
differ?
99)
______
A)
Spirochetes have a rigid, corkscrew shape while spirilla are helical and more flexible.
B)
Spirochetes and spirilla are basically the same organisms and the terms can be used interchangeably.
C)
Spirilla are found in chains of cells whereas spirochetes exist as individual cells.
D)
Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.
E)
Spirochetes do not have a cell wall but spirilla do.

100)
Which
one of
the
followin
g pairs is
mismatc
hed?
100)
_____
A)
ribosomes - protein storage
B)
sulfur granules - energy reserve
C)
metachromatic granules - phosphate storage
D)
lipid inclusions - energy reserve
E)
gas vacuoles - flotation

101)
Which of
the
followin
g are
NOT
energy
reserves?
101)
_____
A)
polysaccharid e granules
B)
sulfur granules
C)
metachromatic granules
D)
lipid inclusions
E)
carboxysomes

102)
Which of
the
followin
g is NOT
a
function
ally
analogou
s pair?
102)
_____
A)
9+2 flagella - bacterial flagella
B)
nucleus - nucleiod region
C)
mitochondria - prokaryotic plasma membrane
D)
cilia - pili
E)
chloroplasts - thylakoids

103)
The
DNA
found in
most
bacterial
cells
103)
_____
A)
utilizes histones for chromosomal packaging.
B)
is found in multiple copies.
C)
is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
D)
is linear in structure.
E)
is circular in structure.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
104)
The cell
walls of
bacteria
are
responsi
ble for
the
shape of
the
bacteria
and the
differenc
e in the
Gram
stain
reaction.
104)
_____

105)
Antibioti
cs that
target
the cell
wall are
an
effective
treatmen
t against
many
pathogen
ic
bacteria.
105)
_____

106)
Cells
placed in
a
hypotoni
c
solution
tend to
lose
water
due to
osmotic
pressure.
106)
_____

107)
Small,
hydroph
obic
molecule
s pass
through
a cell
membra
ne most
easily by
diffusion
.
107)
_____

108)
Spheropl
asts,
protopla
sts, and
mycopla
sms are
bacterial
cells
without
cell
walls.
108)
_____

109)
Endospo
res are a
reproduc
tive
structure
.
109)
_____

110)
The
internal
structure
of
eukaryot
ic cilia
and
flagella
are the
same.
110)
_____

111)
Many
enzymes
in both
prokaryo
tic and
eukaryot
ic cells
are
compart
mentaliz
ed
within
organelle
s.
111)
_____

112)
The
number
of
organelle
s such as
chloropla
sts,
mitochon
dria, and
rough
endoplas
mic
reticulu
m is the
same in
all
eukaryot
ic cells.
112)
_____

113)
If you
observe
rod-
shaped
red cells
after the
Gram
stain,
you can
assume
their cell
walls
contain
endotoxi
n.
113)
_____

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
114)
Compare and contrast the characteristics of a typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

115)
Provide evidence to substantiate the hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.

116)
Compare contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls with regard to (a) sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, (b)
and resistance to phagocytosis, (c) chemical composition, and (d) decolorization by alcohol.

117)
What is a biofilm and what role does biofilm play in disease?
1)
B
2)
A
3)
D
4)
C
5)
D
6)
A
7)
D
8)
A
9)
A
10)
D
11)
C
12)
E
13)
E
14)
B
15)
E
16)
E
17)
D
18)
D
19)
D
20)
B
21)
C
22)
E
23)
E
24)
A
25)
B
26)
D
27)
C
28)
B
29)
A
30)
B
31)
A
32)
A
33)
B
34)
C
35)
E
36)
C
37)
D
38)
A
39)
E
40)
A
41)
D
42)
C
43)
B
44)
D
45)
D
46)
TRU E
47)
FAL SE
48)
TRU E
49)
FAL SE
50)
TRU E
51)
TRU E
52)
TRU E
53)
FAL SE
54)
FAL SE
55)
TRU E
56)
57)
58)
59)
D
60)
B
61)
D
62)
C
63)
E
64)
E
65)
B
66)
B
67)
C
68)
D
69)
B
70)
A
71)
D
72)
C
73)
E
74)
E
75)
C
76)
C
77)
A
78)
E
79)
C
80)
A
81)
B
82)
D
83)
D
84)
D
85)
B
86)
B
87)
C
88)
B
89)
B
90)
A
91)
A
92)
C
93)
E
94)
A
95)
E
96)
D
97)
B
98)
D
99)
D
100)
A
101)
E
102)
D
103)
E
104)
TRU E
105)
TRU E
106)
FAL SE
107)
TRU E
108)
TRU E
109)
FAL SE
110)
TRU E
111)
FAL SE
112)
FAL SE
113)
TRU E
114)
115)
116)
117)