EXPERIMENT: 01

MODE CHARACTERISTICS OF REFLEX KLYSTRON OSCILLATOR

Aim:
To study the Mode Characteristics of Reflex Klystron
Equipments:
o Klystron Power Supply,
o Reflex Klystron,
o Variable Attenuator,
o Frequency Meter,
o Slotted Section with Tuning Probe,
o Waveguide Detector,
o Isolator,
o CRO.
o Screws and Nuts,
o Screw Driver.
o Wave Guide Stands
o Power cords & BNC Probes
Theory:
Klystron is a microwave vacuum tube employing velocity modulation. These electrons
move towards the repeller (ie) the electrons leaving the cavity during the positive half cycle are
accelerated while those during negative half cycle are decelerated. The faster ones penetrate
further while slower ones penetrate lesser in the field of repeller voltage. But, faster electrons
leaving the cavity take longer time to return and hence catch up with slower ones. In the cavity
the electrons bunch and intact with the voltage between the cavity grids. It consists of an
electron gun producing a collimated electron beam. It bunches pass through grids at time the
grid potentials is such that electrons are decelerated they give by energy. The electrons are then
collected by positive cavity wall near cathode. To protect repeller from damage, repeller voltage
is applied before accelerating voltage.

Text Book Reference:

 Samuel Y Liao, Microwave Devices and Circuits, 2003, Chapter9, Pg No. 391

2
Block Diagram:

KLYSTRON
POWER
SUPPLY

REFLEX VARIABLE FREQUENCY SLOTTED

KLYSTRON ISOLATOR ATTENUATOR METER SECTION
WITH PROBE

VSWR/CRO WAVEGUIDE
DETECTOR

Procedure:
1. Switch “ON” the Klystron Power Supply and ensure the following Initial setting‟s:
o Modulation selector- AM
o Beam voltage -Minimum
o Repeller voltage –Maximum
o Modulation Control Knobs- Maximum
2. Switch “ON” the HT, Wait until the current reaches its maximum with respect to the
Beam Voltage. Ensure that the Beam Voltage should not exceed 270V.
3. If necessary vary the Repeller voltage so as to obtain maximum voltage from the
detector.
4. Vary the Repeller voltage knob towards its minimum and different „MODE‟s‟ of the
klystron may be noted with the corresponding output voltage from the CRO or power
from the VSWR meter. For each Repeller voltage, the frequency meter is adjusted till a
„FREQUENCY DIP‟ occurs in the output voltage of the CRO (or) in the VSWR meter and
the frequency has to be noted in the Frequency Meter.
5. The readings are tabulated. The graph is plotted by taking the Repeller voltage on the X-
axis and the output voltage (or) output power in the Y-axis.
6. Another graph is drawn by taking the Repeller voltage on the X-axis and frequency on
the Y-axis.

3
Model Graph:

Repeller Voltage Vs Output Voltage & Repeller Voltage Vs Frequency Graph

Observation Table:

Mode Repeller voltage (V) Output Voltage (mV) Frequency (GHz)

Result:
The mode characteristics of the Reflex Klystron Oscillator is plotted and studied.