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AJK Board Class 10th Physics Notes of Chapter 12, Ilmkidunya
AJK Board Class 10th Physics Notes of Chapter 12, Ilmkidunya
AJK Board Class 10th Physics Notes of Chapter 12, Ilmkidunya
Geometrical Optics
1. An object is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a spherical mirror and its
image is formed behind the mirror at distance of 5cm. What will be its
focal length?
Given:
Object distance = p = 25 cm
Image distance = q = -5 cm (since it's formed behind the mirror)
Required:
Focal length of the mirror = f =?
Solution:
Using the mirror formula:
1 1 1
= +
f p q
Substitute the values:
1 1 1
= +
f −5 cm 25 cm
Simplify:
1 1 1
= −
f 25 5
1 4
=
f 25
25
f =
4
f = 6.25cm
The focal length of the spherical mirror is 6.25 cm (positive value), indicating it is a
concave mirror.
2. Consider a lens that produces a real image three times larger than the
object. If the distance between the image and the object is 1m. Calculate
the focal length of the lens.
Given:
Magnification = M = 3
Distance between object & Image = p+q = 1m
Required:
Focal length = f =?
Solution:
Since Magnification (M) is the ratio of image distance to object distance;
𝑞
𝑀 =
𝑝
q
3 = => q = 3p
p
According to the given condition;
p + q = 1m
p + q = 100cm
By putting the value of “q” from equation 1, we get;
p + 3p = 100cm
4p = 100cm
p = 25cm
Now, to find q, we’re using equation “1” again;
q = 3p
q = 3 × 25cm
q = 75cm
Using the lens formula
1 1 1
= +
f p q
Substitute the given values:
1 1 1
= +
f 25 75
1 3+1
=
f 75
After simplification,
f = 18.75cm
Hence, the focal length of the lens is 18.75cm.
3. A concave mirror produces a real image twice as large as the object which
is placed 10cm far in front of it. Where is the image located?
Given:
Magnification = M = 2
Object distance = p = 10 cm
Required:
Location of Image = q =?
Solution:
Since the magnification (M) is the ratio of the image distance to the object
distance:
q
M =
p
q
2 = => q = 2p
p
Solving the equation, we get:
q = 2 × 10cm
q = 20cm
1 1
𝐹 = = = 1.0𝑚
𝑝 1.0
Therefore, the combined power of the two lenses is +1.0 D, and the focal length
of the combination is 1.0 meter.
7. Ali looks at an old coin with the help of a magnifying glass. The distance
between Ali's eyes and coin is 20cm and focal length of the magnifying
glass is 4cm. Find the magnifying power.
Given:
Distance between Ali’s eye and the coin = d = 20cm
Focal length of magnifying glass = f = 4cm
Required:
Magnifying power of the glass = M =?
Solution:
To find the magnifying power (M) of the magnifying glass, we'll use the formula:
d
M = 1 +
f
Substitute the given values into the formula:
20cm
M = 1 +
4cm
M = 1 + 5
M = 6
The magnifying power of the magnifying glass is 6.
8. The power of a convex lens is 10D. To form a real, image 4 times as large
as the object, at what distance should it be placed from the lens?
Given:
Power of the lens = P =10D
Magnification = M = 4
Required:
Position of object = p =?
Solution:
First, to find focal length from power, we use
1
F =
p
1
F= = 0.1m
10
F = 0.1 × 100
F = 10cm
Magnification (M) is the ratio of image distance to object distance;
q
M =
p
Since, M = 4, therefore:
q
4 =
p
=> q = 4p
By using lens formula;
1 1 1
= +
f p q
1 1 1
= +
f p 4p
Substitute the given values:
1 4+1
=
10 4p
1 5
=
10 4p
4p = 50
P = 12.5cm