Quantum Metrology - MSU-IIT OJT Report

Regional Metrology Laboratory
QUANTUM
METROLOGY
Arimang, DC Lou Belle M.
Potutan, Zepaniah D.
QUANTUM METROLOGY ARIMANG AND POTUTAN
QUANTUM refers to the tiny, fundamental building blocks that make up

everything around us.
METROLOGY is the science of measurement.


What is Quantum Metrology?


What is Quantum Metrology?
QUANTUM METROLOGY is the science of making incredibly

precise measurements using the special
rules of quantum mechanics.
WHAT GOVERNS
QUANTUM METROLOGY?
Superposition
Entanglement
Quantization
Wave-Particle Duality
Uncertainty Principle
WHAT GOVERNS SUPERPOSITION

QUANTUM METROLOGY? Quantum particles, like electrons or
photons, can exist in multiple states
Superposition
or positions at the same time.
Entanglement
Quantization It's like having a magical coin that is
Wave-Particle Duality both heads and tails until you look at
Uncertainty Principle it and see one side.
WHAT GOVERNS ENTANGLEMENT

QUANTUM METROLOGY? When particles become entangled,
they are deeply connected, and
Superposition their states are linked, no matter
Entanglement how far apart they are.
Quantization
Wave-Particle Duality Think of two magical marbles that
Uncertainty Principle are connected no matter where they
are. In quantum metrology, we can
entangle particles, like photons, so
that when one changes its color, the
other instantly changes its color too,
even if they are far apart.
WHAT GOVERNS QUANTIZATION

QUANTUM METROLOGY? Certain properties of quantum
particles can only take specific
Superposition
discrete values, not any value like in
Entanglement the classical world.
Quantization
Wave-Particle Duality It's like having a set of stairs to climb
Uncertainty Principle instead of a smooth ramp.
WHAT GOVERNS WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY

QUANTUM METROLOGY? Quantum particles sometimes
behave like waves and sometimes
Superposition
like particles, depending on how we
Entanglement observe them.
Quantization
Wave-Particle Duality It's like having a "wavicle" that can
Uncertainty Principle behave as both a water wave and a
tiny ball.
WHAT GOVERNS WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY

QUANTUM METROLOGY?
Superposition
Entanglement
Quantization
Wave-Particle Duality
WHAT GOVERNS UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

QUANTUM METROLOGY? In quantum mechanics, there's a limit
to how precisely we can know
Superposition
certain properties of a particle at
Entanglement the same time.
Quantization
Wave-Particle Duality For example, if we know the position
Uncertainty Principle of a particle very accurately, we
become less certain about its
momentum (speed and direction),
and vice versa.
the goal is to achieve high

PRECISION AND ACCURACY
QUANTUM LIMITATIONS
Thermal Noise
Quantum Noise
QUANTUM LIMITATION:
HEISENBERG UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
Conjugated Variables cannot be measured with ultimate
precision at a time.
QUANTUM LIMITATION:
HEISENBERG UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
Conjugated Variables cannot be measured with ultimate
precision at a time.
The principle sets a fundamental limit on how precisely
certain conjugate variables can be measured in quantum
systems.
QUANTUM LIMITATION:
THERMAL NOISE
Systems have inherent thermal energy that increases with
temperature.
QUANTUM LIMITATION:
THERMAL NOISE
Systems have inherent thermal energy that increases with
temperature.
Due to thermal energy, random measurement fluctuations are
considered as an uncertainty.
QUANTUM LIMITATION:
QUANTUM NOISE
Quantum Systems are discrete and probabilistic.
QUANTUM LIMITATION:
QUANTUM NOISE
Quantum Systems are discrete and probabilistic.
Due to this nature, measurements can yield different outcomes

in repeated trials, thus this statistical distribution gives rise to
quantum noise
QUANTUM LIMITATIONS
Thermal Noise
Quantum Noise
REVISION OF THE SI
REVISION OF THE SI
Quantization of SI Units
"Zero Chain" Traceability
PURPOSE OF REVISION:
QUANTIZATION
The use of fundamental constants to redefine the base
units allows for quantizing the standards and eliminating
the use of physical prototypes.
PURPOSE OF REVISION:
"ZERO CHAIN" TRACEABILITY
Quantum Metrology may ensure zero chain traceability,
changing the dissemination pattern based on the physical
representations.
REVISION OF THE SI
REVISION OF THE SI
The base quantities remain the same, but all units
are now derived from seven defining constants.
REVISION OF THE SI
DEFINING CONSTANTS
The International System of Units brochure, 9th ed. 2019.

https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/
REQUIREMENTS OF
DEFINING CONSTANTS
(i) they are really constant, respectively—their possible variation is
insignificant for the present requirements of measurements;
(ii) their numerical values have been determined with the required
uncertainty (precision);
(iii) the link between the unit and the respective defining constant must be
feasible experimentally in order to realize the unit.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
TRANSITION FREQUENCY OF 133 CESIUM
Second was originally defined as the 86400th part of the duration of the mean
solar day.
In 1960, with the rise of modern physics and general relativity, it was shown that
the rotation of the earth is not stable and thus the standard time deviates from
the Ephemeris Time which was the scale use for defining the second in the
international units of measures system.
After World War II, scientists realized that the natural vibrations or oscillations of
atoms could be used as highly accurate and stable references for timekeeping.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
Photo retrieved from: nrc.canada.ca

DEFINING CONSTANTS:
Second is the frequency of electromagnetic radiation of a

magnetic dipole transition in the hyperfine split ground state
of Cesium 133 with a resonant frequency 9 192 631 770 Hz.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
SPEED OF LIGHT
Meter was originally defined as the distance between the main lines on the
International Prototype of the Meter which was a platinum-iridium bar at the
melting point of ice or absolute zero under specific atmospheric conditions.
In 1983, the speed of light in vacuum is exactly known, equal to 299 792 458 m/s is
used to redefine the meter.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
SPEED OF LIGHT
Photo retrieved from:

www.animations.physics.
unsw.edu.au
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
SPEED OF LIGHT
The meter, m, is set by fixing the numerical value of the speed

of light in vacuum to be equal to exactly 299 792 458 m/s.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
BOLTZMANN CONSTANT
The definition of the unit of thermodynamic temperature has been decided at the
10th CGPM in 1954 by choosing the triple point of water as the basic fix point
and assigning the temperature of 273.16K to it.
The triple point of water depends on the isotopic composition and purity of the
water.
Temperature now is defined by the Boltzmann constant using the relationship

between enegy (E) and temperature (T).
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
BOLTZMANN CONSTANT
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
BOLTZMANN CONSTANT
The kelvin, K, is set by fixing the numerical value of the

Boltzmann constant to be equal to exactly 1.380 649 × 10^-23
J/K.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
AVOGADRO'S NUMBER
The mole is originally the amount of substance of a system which contains as many
elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon 12; its symbol
is “mol.”
Limitations of using carbon-12 revolves around the challenges in obtaining pure

samples, accounting for isotopic variations and measuring the atomic mass.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
AVOGADRO'S NUMBER
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
AVOGADRO'S NUMBER
The mole, mol, is set by fixing the numerical value of the

Avogadro constant to be equal to exactly 6.022 14X × 10^23
g/mol
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
LUMINOUS EFFICACY
The present definition of the candela has remained unchanged such that both old
and new definitions take into account the emission of monochromatic radiation
of frequency 540 x 10^12.
With emission light of specific wavelength, the measured brightness transferred into
the trap detectors as reference standard is the basis in measuring candela.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
LUMINOUS EFFICACY
The candela, cd, is set by fixing the numerical value of the luminous
efficacy of monochromatic radiation
of frequency 540 × 10^12 Hz to be equal to exactly 683 cd sr/W.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
ELEMENTARY CHARGE
The ampere was originally defined as the amount of current flowing through two
infinitely long parallel conductors, of negligible circular cross-section placed 1
meter apart in a vacuum. This produced a force of 2 × 10^7 N/m of length.
The force between the wires is infinitisimal and measuring such forches with high
precision requires a more sensitive instruments which later will introduce more
uncertainties.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
ELEMENTARY CHARGE
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
ELEMENTARY CHARGE
The ampere, A, is set by fixing the numerical value of the

elementary charge to be equal to exactly
1.602176634 × 10^-19 C.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
PLANCK'S CONSTANT
The kilogram is a classical, macroscopic quantity originally based on the
International Prototype of the Kilogram which was equal to 1000 cubic cm of
water at 4 centigrades.
This is subject to surface contamination that accumulates and causes 1 microgram

deviations per year.
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
PLANCK'S CONSTANT
DEFINING CONSTANTS:
PLANCK'S CONSTANT
The kilogram, kg, is set by fixing the numerical value of the

Planck's constant to be equal to exactly
6.626 06X × 10^-31 Js
REVISION OF THE SI
DEFINING CONSTANTS
REASONS WHY QUANTUM

METROLOGY IS
ADVANTAGEOUS
Enhanced Precision
Quantum Imaging
Improved Sensing
Quantum Information
Processing
Fundamental Research
REASONS WHY QUANTUM ENHANCED PRECISION

METROLOGY IS
ADVANTAGEOUS Quantum metrology enables
measurements with superior
Enhanced Precision precision compared to classical
Quantum Imaging methods.
Improved Sensing
Quantum Information it can achieve unprecedented
Processing levels of accuracy, making it ideal
Fundamental Research for applications where high
precision is crucial.
REASONS WHY QUANTUM QUANTUM IMAGING

METROLOGY IS
ADVANTAGEOUS Quantum metrology allows for the
creation of quantum-enhanced
Enhanced Precision imaging techniques.
Quantum Imaging
Improved Sensing These methods can produce
Quantum Information clearer and more detailed images
Processing in various fields, such as medical
Fundamental Research imaging, remote sensing, and
microscopy.
REASONS WHY QUANTUM IMPROVED SENSING

METROLOGY IS Quantum sensors based on
ADVANTAGEOUS metrology principles can detect
tiny changes in physical quantities,
Enhanced Precision such as magnetic fields,
Quantum Imaging gravitational waves, and
Improved Sensing temperature, with greater sensitivity
Quantum Information than classical sensors.
Processing
Fundamental Research This enhanced sensitivity opens up
new possibilities in scientific
research and technology.
REASONS WHY QUANTUM QUANTUM INFO PROCESSING

METROLOGY IS
ADVANTAGEOUS
Quantum metrology plays a critical
Enhanced Precision role in the development of
Quantum Imaging quantum computing and quantum
Improved Sensing information processing.
Quantum Information
Processing
REASONS WHY QUANTUM FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH

METROLOGY IS
ADVANTAGEOUS
Quantum metrology not only
Enhanced Precision provides practical applications but
Quantum Imaging also deepens our understanding of
Improved Sensing quantum mechanics and its
fundamental principles
Quantum Information
Processing
REASONS WHY QUANTUM

METROLOGY IS
DISADVANTAGEOUS
Technological
Complexity
Decoherence
Resource Intensive
Limited Applicability
Quantum Error
Correction
REASONS WHY QUANTUM TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY

METROLOGY IS
DISADVANTAGEOUS Implementing quantum metrology
techniques requires advanced and
Technological
sophisticated technologies to
Complexity create and manipulate quantum
Decoherence states.
Resource Intensive
Limited Applicability This complexity poses significant
Quantum Error challenges in real-world
Correction applications.
REASONS WHY QUANTUM DECOHERENCE

METROLOGY IS
DISADVANTAGEOUS Quantum systems are highly
sensitive to their environment,
Technological
leading to decoherence, where the
Complexity fragile quantum properties can be
Decoherence lost rapidly.
Resource Intensive
Limited Applicability Maintaining coherence in quantum
Quantum Error states is a major obstacle in
Correction quantum metrology.
REASONS WHY QUANTUM RESOURCE INTENSIVE

METROLOGY IS
DISADVANTAGEOUS Quantum metrology often demands
elaborate experimental setups and
Technological
specialized equipment, which can
Complexity be resource-intensive and
Decoherence expensive to implement.
Resource Intensive
Limited Applicability
Quantum Error
Correction
REASONS WHY QUANTUM LIMITED APPLICABILITY

METROLOGY IS
DISADVANTAGEOUS Quantum metrology excels in
specific scenarios where quantum
Technological effects dominate and classical
Complexity methods fail to provide adequate
Decoherence precision.
Resource Intensive
Limited Applicability However, in certain practical
Quantum Error situations, classical methods may
Correction still be more practical and
sufficient.
REASONS WHY QUANTUM QUANTUM ERROR CORRECTION

METROLOGY IS
DISADVANTAGEOUS Quantum metrology is susceptible
to errors, which can affect
Technological measurement results. The
Complexity implementation of error correction
Decoherence techniques in quantum metrology is
Resource Intensive complex and may limit the overall
Limited Applicability precision achieved.
Quantum Error
Correction
PCIEERD Library
https://pcieerd.dost.gov.ph/library/road-maps#emerging-technology-development-division-roadmap
References:
Fang, X. (2020). Evolution towards Quantum Metrology and the Action Agenda for Developing IT-
Enabled Metrology. China’s e-Science Blue Book 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-
8342-1_15
Nawrocki, W. (2007). Introduction to Quantum Metrology Quantum Standards and Instrumentation.

Springer International Publishing. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15669-9
Gobel, E. O. and Siegner, U. (2015). Quantum Metrology: Foundation of Units and Measurements.
Wiley-VCH. 978-3-527-68088-7
Abbott, P. J. (2020). Redefined but Not Perfected: The On-going Saga of the Kilogram. Cal Lab:
The International Journal of Metrology. Volume 27, Number 2. www.callabmag.com
PCIEERD. Quantum Technology Roadmap. https://pcieerd.dost.gov.ph/library/road-

maps#emerging-technology-development-division-roadmap
BIPM. (2019). The International System of Units brochure, 9th ed. 2019.
https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/
Regional Metrology Laboratory
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!

Quantum Metrology - MSU-IIT OJT Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Quantum Metrology - MSU-IIT OJT Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Regional Metrology Laboratory

QUANTUM refers to the tiny, fundamental building blocks that make up

METROLOGY is the science of measurement.

QUANTUM refers to the tiny, fundamental building blocks that make up

METROLOGY is the science of measurement.

What is Quantum Metrology?

QUANTUM refers to the tiny, fundamental building blocks that make up

METROLOGY is the science of measurement.

What is Quantum Metrology?

QUANTUM METROLOGY is the science of making incredibly

WHAT GOVERNS SUPERPOSITION

WHAT GOVERNS ENTANGLEMENT

WHAT GOVERNS QUANTIZATION

WHAT GOVERNS WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY

WHAT GOVERNS WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY

WHAT GOVERNS UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

the goal is to achieve high

Due to this nature, measurements can yield different outcomes

The International System of Units brochure, 9th ed. 2019.

Photo retrieved from: nrc.canada.ca

Second is the frequency of electromagnetic radiation of a

Photo retrieved from:

The meter, m, is set by fixing the numerical value of the speed

Temperature now is defined by the Boltzmann constant using the relationship

The kelvin, K, is set by fixing the numerical value of the

Limitations of using carbon-12 revolves around the challenges in obtaining pure

The mole, mol, is set by fixing the numerical value of the

The ampere, A, is set by fixing the numerical value of the

This is subject to surface contamination that accumulates and causes 1 microgram

The kilogram, kg, is set by fixing the numerical value of the

REASONS WHY QUANTUM

REASONS WHY QUANTUM ENHANCED PRECISION

REASONS WHY QUANTUM QUANTUM IMAGING

REASONS WHY QUANTUM IMPROVED SENSING

REASONS WHY QUANTUM QUANTUM INFO PROCESSING

REASONS WHY QUANTUM FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH

REASONS WHY QUANTUM

REASONS WHY QUANTUM TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY

REASONS WHY QUANTUM DECOHERENCE

REASONS WHY QUANTUM RESOURCE INTENSIVE

REASONS WHY QUANTUM LIMITED APPLICABILITY

REASONS WHY QUANTUM QUANTUM ERROR CORRECTION

Nawrocki, W. (2007). Introduction to Quantum Metrology Quantum Standards and Instrumentation.

PCIEERD. Quantum Technology Roadmap. https://pcieerd.dost.gov.ph/library/road-

You might also like