Chapter 06–Perception

Infants Toddlers and Caregivers A Curriculum

of Respectful Responsive Relationship Based
Care and Education 11th Edition Gonzalez
Mena Eyer 1259870464 9781259870460
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Chapter 06
Perception

Multiple Choice Questions

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Chapter 06–Perception

1. (p. 112) The ability to take in sensory information and organize it is called _____.
A. consumption
B. perception
C. neural pathway development
D. None of the answers is correct.

Perception is an innate tendency to search for order, and it helps children make sense of their
world.

2. (p. 113) The slowest sense to develop is _____.

A. hearing
B. touch
C. taste
D. vision

Vision is the slowest sense to develop, and the neurons in the vision pathway remain
immature for several months after birth.

3. (p. 117) Infants

A. can recognize the sound of their mother's voice.
B. as young as 20 weeks old can discriminate between the syllables "baw" and "gah."
C. are responsive to high-pitched noises.
D. All of the answers are correct.

Newborns recognize the sound of their mother's voice. Experiments have shown that infants
only 20 weeks old can discriminate between the syllables "baw" and "gah." Young babies are
especially responsive to a high-pitched, expressive voice, using a rising tone at the end of
phrases.

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Chapter 06–Perception

4. (p. 118) Tactile sensation is of great importance in aiding infants and toddlers to explore their
world. Which of the following is not a tactile experience?
A. washing hands
B. a back rub
C. walking barefoot
D. smelling an essential oil's aroma

Smelling the aroma of an essential oil is an olfactory sensory experience, not tactile. All of the
other examples involve the sensation of touch.

5. (p. 120) Infant vision at birth, although blurry and not yet completely developed, is equipped
_____, which aids in forming attachments.
A. to see human faces from eight inches away
B. to distinguish the mother when she is far away
C. to alert a baby to bright lights and loud noises
D. None of the answers is correct.

From the beginning, infants are able to see faces and objects approximately eight inches
away. This is approximately the same distance as a mother's face from her breast when
feeding an infant.

6. (p. 112) The stimulation of the sense organs is called _____.

A. perception
B. sensation
C. perspiration
D. sense memory

The stimulation of the sense organs—the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth—is called sensation.
Perception is the ability to take in and organize the sensory information.

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Chapter 06–Perception

7. (p. 112) Which of the following best describes a dynamic system?

A. an ever-changing process
B. a process that remains stable
C. a system that reduces neural pathways
D. None of the answers is correct.

Sensory learning is a dynamic system in that it is always changing and affecting other growth
areas.

8. (p. 112) Sensory integration is critical to the development of _____.

A. a dynamic system
B. the sense organs
C. perception
D. dendrite shrinkage

Sensory integration allows interrelatedness among sensory experiences that forms the base for
cognitive development.

9. (p. 112) Which of the following is an infant's main learning tool in the first months after
birth?
A. the mouth
B. book exposure
C. music
D. both book exposure and music

Infants first use the tool that is the most direct and physical—their mouth.

10. (p. 116) If you want an infant to focus on a sound, that sound should _____.
A. be a monotone
B. have a beginning and an end
C. be played as background music
D. All of the answers are correct.

Infants need quiet times in order to discriminate the differences in sounds.

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Chapter 06–Perception

11. (p. 116) Children can discriminate their own names from similar-sounding words by _____.
A. one month
B. four and half months
C. ten months
D. thirteen months

By four and half months, children can distinguish their own names from other words.

12. (p. 114–116) Which of the following statements is true of the perception of hearing in infants?
A. Infants are unable to know when someone is singing to them.
B. Infants are unable to sense the direction sound comes from or its frequency.
C. Infants are able to hear certain sounds that distinguish one language from another.
D. Infants become more responsive to sounds that last more than several minutes.

Newborns can hear at birth. Young infants are also able to hear certain sounds that distinguish
one language from another.

13. (p. 119–120) Identify a true statement about the perception of sight in infants.
A. Infants can discriminate among colors within a few weeks of birth.
B. Infants' fixed focus is about two inches away.
C. Infants are incapable of visual pursuit for several months after birth.
D. Infants are unable to distinguish light and dark areas at birth.

Infants can distinguish light and dark at birth. Within a few weeks, infants can discriminate
among colors and prefer warm colors to cool ones.

14. (p. 120) In the context of the perception of sight, toddlers who become entertained observers
A. fail to distinguish between light and dark after overstimulation.
B. develop a wide range of physical abilities.
C. get socially involved with the world around them.
D. demand constant visual change and get bored quickly.

Infants who become entertained observers get hooked on a constant flow of novel visual
stimulation. They get bored quickly and demand constant visual change. They may become
television addicts.

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Chapter 06–Perception

True/False Questions

15. (p. 112) For infants and toddlers, learning is interrelated; growth in one area influences
growth in another.
TRUE

Infants learn to move their bodies in specific ways to accommodate new sensory information.
The interrelatedness between motor experience and sensory experience is strong and provides
the base for cognitive development.

16. (p. 120) By six months, the average infant's vision is comparable to that of an adult's.
TRUE

By six months, an infant's vision is nearly 20/20.

17. (p. 114) Constantly talking to a baby supports infant hearing and is helpful in communicating
meaning.
FALSE

Infant hearing is best supported with speech that is short (5 to 15 seconds) followed by a
period of silence. Silence allows infants to discriminate among a variety of sounds.

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Chapter 06–Perception

18. (p. 116) The ability of newborns to distinguish their mothers from other women by the sense
of smell clearly indicates that smell plays a role in attachment.
TRUE

It is known that smell and taste are present at birth, and they develop rapidly in the first few
weeks. The ability of newborns to distinguish their mothers from other women by the sense of
smell clearly indicates that smell plays a role in attachment.

19. (p. 117) It is important to understand that our perception of appropriate touch is influenced
by our culture.
TRUE

Where and how we touch is bound up in culture. It is a good idea to find out what is forbidden
or disrespectful in cultures different from your own if they are represented in your program.

20. (p. 126) If a child is rubbing his eyes frequently, then he with total certainty is suffering from
sensory impairment.
FALSE

Caregivers should familiarize themselves with signals that may indicate sensory impairments.
However, it is important to remember that any child may demonstrate any of the behavior
listed in Table 6.1 and not be having any difficulty. Everything must be taken into the context
of the whole child.

21. (p. 114) The two measures most frequently used to reflect an infant's awareness of a change
in an event are the infant's level of activity and heart rate.
TRUE

Researchers have found that sounds of 5 to 15 seconds seem to have the most effect on an
infant's level of activity and heart rate—the two measures most frequently used to reflect
an infant's awareness of a change in an event. If the sound lasts more than several minutes,
the infant becomes less responsive.

22. (p. 120) After several months of birth, infants can discriminate among colors and prefer
warm ones (red, orange, yellow) to cool ones (blue, green).
FALSE

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Chapter 06–Perception

Infants can distinguish light and dark at birth. Within a few weeks, infants can discriminate
among colors and prefer warm ones (red, orange, yellow) to cool ones (blue, green).

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Chapter 06–Perception

Matching Questions

23. (p. 114) Match the following terms with the appropriate definitions.

1. neural pathways combining information across senses 3

2. sensation ability to take in and organize information 4
3. sensory integration dendrite connections between brain cells 1
4. perception stimulation of sense organs 2

24. (p. 123, 120, 122) Match the following terms with the appropriate definitions.

1. pupillary reflex that which is judged beautiful 2

2. aesthetics relates to motor abilities 3
3. tactile perception eye responsiveness to bright and dim light 1

25. (p. 125, 114, 126) Match the following terms with the appropriate definitions.

1. IFSP gives information about an infant or toddler's disability 1

2. sensory experiences are combined and integrated to influence
impairment other growth areas 3
3. sensory a problem with one's ability to process sensory
integration information 2

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Chapter 06–Perception

Essay Questions

26. (p. 114) Explain how learning is interrelated and how growth in one area influences growth
in another. Consider especially perceptual development, sensory experiences, and motor
development (body movement). Give an example of interrelatedness and infant learning.

Answers may vary.

27. (p. 115-116) Discuss the five senses and how they foster perceptual development. Might there
be more than these five senses? Which senses are present in fetal development?

Answers may vary.

28. (p. 126-127) Describe the development of perception for one of the following age groups:
young infants (birth to eight months); mobile infants (up to 18 months); toddlers (up to three
years). Provide an example to illustrate typical children's behaviors in this stage of perception
development.

Answers may vary.

29. (p. 116-123) Describe three different kinds of sensory experiences that would help infants or
toddlers develop perception. What is some possible interrelated learning that could be
involved in these experiences?

Answers may vary.

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Chapter 06–Perception

30. (p. 122) Sight is the most frequently researched of the five senses. How is an infant's visual
ability designed to promote attachment?

Answers may vary.

31. (p. 125) What are the key principles of an IFSP? What does it need to include? Describe why
it is important.

Answers may vary.

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