Kiwigi Entre Kiwanan: A Phenomenological Study

Cagayan State University College of Allied Health Sciences
“A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY ON RURAL HEALTH WORKERS

ACTIVE ROLE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC”
An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of the College of Allied Health Sciences
Department of Medical Technology
Cagayan State University
Andrews Campus
Tuguegarao City
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Course
Introduction to Medical Laboratory Science Research
Submitted by:
Bulauan, Riziel Faith T.
Sales, Joana Marie S.
Siriban, Nicole Gwynett V.
Taloza, Darwin Josua M.
Ulibas, Sharmaine U.
June 2022
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APPROVAL SHEET
(I changed your indent on the right to the maximum. Please do the same for all the
other pages until your appendix. If you notice you are wasting quite a lot of space
on your right.)
This Research entitled “A Phenomenological Study on Rural Health
Workers Active Role during Covid-19 Pandemic”prepared and submitted by Riziel
Faith Bulauan, Joana Marie Sales, Nicole Gwynett Siriban, Darwin Josua Taloza, and
Sharmaine Ulibas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course Introduction
to Medical Laboratory Science Research for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Medical Laboratory Science has been examined and hereby recommended for approval
and acceptance.
Date: August 02, 2021 ROXANNE SABRINA C. RAMIREZ

Research Adviser
APPROVED by Tribunal on Oral Examination with a grade of ______.
PANEL MEMBERS
URDUJAH G. ALVARADO
Chairperson
GINA M. ZAMORA RMT,MPA,MST CATHERINE FUGABAN.

HIZON, TITLES?
Member Member
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Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bachelor of

Science in Medical Laboratory Science.
Date: August 28, 2021 MA’AM DORINA M. SABATIN RMT,

MPH, CBO
Dean, College of Allied Health Sciences
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to recognize and thank the following who in
one way or another have extended their support, guidance, assistance and service for
the realization of this study.
To Ma’am Dorina M. Sabatin, Dean of the College of Allied Health
Sciences, for making it possible for the Third Year batch 2020-2021 of the Medical
Laboratory Science Department to execute and carry out their respective researches.
To Dr. Julius T. Capili, Former Dean of the College of Allied Health
Sciences, for his unending support to the not only to the researchers, but to the whole
of the third year batch of 2020-2021 of the Medical Laboratory Science Department.
To Prof. Jay Emmanuel Asuncion, research adviser, because of his
patience, support, understanding, encouragement, and commitment to share his
research knowledge and expertise.
To the Mrs. Maricon Taloza, for lending the her hand in order for us to
reach and communicate with the Rural Health Unit of Rizal, Cagayan
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To the esteemed rural health unit of the municipality of
Rizal, Cagayan, for actively responding and participating in the interview, sharing
their experiences in their respective fields.
And above all, to the Almighty Father, for His divine inspiration that the researchers
were able to undertake their mission despite the odds without losing hope.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design……………………………………………………….. 25
3.2 Study participants………………………………………………….........
25
3.3 Locale of the Study…………………………………………………...... 26
3.4 Data Collection Method………………………………………............... 27
3.5 Data Analysis…………………………………………………………... 28
3.5.1 Colaizzi’s Method……………………………………………. 28
3.6 Rigor of the Study……………………………………………………… 30
3.7 Ethical Considerations…………………………………………………. 30
CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Results………………………………………………………………….. 32
4.2 Discussion……………………………………………………………… 42
CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary ………………………………………………………………. 43
5.2 Conclusion……………………………………………………………… 44
5.3 Recommendations……………………………………………………… 45
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………. 47
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………... 51
This whole section is called the LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND

APPENDICES
List of figures
Figure Pages
1. Research Paradigm …………………………… 6
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Fox the font size for your “List of Tables”. It should be size 12.
List of tables <- Fix your Title. Tables should be capitalized.
Table Pages
1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria………………… 26
2. Interview Questions…………………………….. 28
3. Colazzi’s 7-step method………………………... 30
List of Appendices (format them similarly.)
Page
Appendix A – Clarity & Validity Assessment & Letters
51
Appendix B – Research Instrument 59
Appendix C – Transcript of interviews 64
Appendix D – Curriculum vitae 78
ANNEX A – Title page 60
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ANNEX B – Approval sheet 61
ANNEX C – Acknowledgement 62
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Follow the format of the Avstract given in the Thesis Guide uploaded in LENS.
ABSTRACT
(Please justify the paragraphs.)
Knowing for a fact that available resources are concentrated in urban areas,
how much more for rural health units will handle this disease phenomenon when time
will come that cases in local communities will rapidly or abruptly increase due to
uncontrolled community transmissions. This descriptive phenomenological inquiry
explored the lived experiences of health care workers in the community quarantine
facilities of Rizal, Cagayan. The participants were gathered through a purposive
sampling technique and snowball sampling was also adopted to spend less time on
screening.
Six people aged 28 to 58 years old took part in this phenomenological study,
five of whom were female (83.33 %) and one of whom was male (16.67 %). The
participants' average age was 39.33 years (SD = 4.99). The participants had a mean
work experience of 11.17 years (SD = 10.19).
Two key themes emerged from their replies explaining their experiences in
their various disciplines: work trials with 4 subthemes, and management interventions
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with 3 subthemes. Their lived experiences, though has many work trials tends to have
successful and effective management interventions. Though trials and challenges of
health care workers tends to be manageable, reduction of stigma, conducive work
environment, and psychological interventions are more needed to improve their
services to the people.
Add keywords.
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While uthe Urban places like the central Metro Manila health centers and
hospitals experience the exhaustion of load brought by the burdens of Covid-19
transmission, rural health units, as with their cases reported are to be increasing, are
challenged to formulate plans, strategies, and practices to lessen the spread of this so
called “invisible enemy”. In the rural town of Bambang in Nueva Vizcaya, a province
in North Luzon, as soon as the lockdown was announced, the understaffed and under-
supplied local government units mobilized their health department to develop a plan to
minimize the spread of Covid-19. Every barrio is assigned a nurse or midwife to
oversee the community, assisted by volunteer health care workers. On regular days, the
Barangay Health Workers’ (BHW) primary duties are to disseminate information in the
village, help in nutrition drives and immunization programs, and organize health
events. They undergo training from the Department of Health and are considered
volunteers (Bacani, 2020). In the Bangsamoro region, humanitarian workers are going
facing the call of duty to stop the spread of COVID-19. As COVID-19 cases continue
to increase, municipal health workers like nurse Muhammad Faihan Meling rush to
contain and address misinformation about the virus circulating in communities.
Providing timely and accurate information is essential in the delivery of public health
services (Maitem, 2020). Meling's colleague Harold Ryan Hortales, a medical
technologist serving 11 municipalities in Maguindanao, thinks that taking preventive
actions is the most effective way to counter the misinformation. "I'm not sure what's
going to happen if we had allowed rumours to envelop the whole town," he said. As
early as March 2020, upon the mayor's advice, he mobilized staff to disseminate flyers
about COVID-19 and conduct recorida (audio motorcades) around communities
(Maitem, 2020). The challenge gets heavier brought by the effect of devolution health
care system in the Philippines. Despite improvements in the past decade, the
Philippines continues to face public health challenges because of its resource and
capacity limitations (Amit, 2020). We have a primary care system of health centers and
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community health workers in cities, provinces, and municipalities, but they are
generally ill-equipped and poorly resourced with limited surge capacity. This is
evidenced by a lack of capability for laboratory testing, limited number of equipment
and medical supplies, and lack of personal protective equipment for health workers in
both primary care units and hospitals (Amit, 2020). The national objectives for health
(NOH) have well-specified targets, but progress of local governments towards these
targets remains highly uneven due to devolved health financing and service delivery.
While PhilHealth membership coverage has expanded, its benefit coverage remains
mainly for inpatient care and it provides only limited financial support. Access remains
highly inequitable due to the maldistribution of facilities, health staff and specialists
(Dayrit, Lagrada et al, 2018). These available resources are concentrated in urban
areas, with rural areas having only one physician for a population as large as 20,000
people (Amit, 2020). Despite the huge number of health professionals that the country
produces every year, there is still a shortage of health workforce employed to meet the
standard requirement for the country’s growing population. A large factor of this is the
continuous out migration of health professionals. Based on the 2015 Census
(population census? State the agency that did the census), almost a fifth of the total
health professionals in the Philippines are working overseas. The lopsided distribution
of health professionals in the younger age group is a reflection of this ongoing trend.
More skilled and experienced health professionals are likely to have left already for
better opportunities in other countries. Through time, this outmigration is motivated by
factors such as low pay and lack of opportunities for professional development coupled
with increasing cost of a medical education (Beyond the Number, 2020). While
deployment programs are easing these problems somewhat, these strategies result in
monitoring and sustainability problems (Dayrit, Lagrada et al, 2018). The limited
number of health facilities relative to the growing population, overprovision of
physicians, under provision of care and poor physician adherence to clinical practice
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guidelines contribute to a low quality of care (Dayrit, Lagrada et al, 2018). We have
disease surveillance capacity, but this is also uneven across regions and provinces in
the country. We have disaster preparedness plans at the level of local government that
can be mobilized. However, disaster response is better geared for typhoons and floods,
rather than fighting epidemics. Hence, our limited resources and capacity make it
difficult to adequately respond to public health emergencies, such as COVID-19 (Amit,
2020).
As pictured mentioned earlier, the exhaustion of health facilities in combating
the burdens of the disease, knowing for a fact that available resources are concentrated
in urban areas, how much more for rural health units will handle this disease
phenomenon when time will come that cases in local communities will rapidly or
abruptly increase due to uncontrolled community transmissions.
The challenges of the pandemic are also the entry of programmed collection of
planned strategies and steps done that is included in the phenomenal experience of
health workers in select rural health units of Cagayan. This study describes the
adaptive approaches, flexibility, and critical thinking ability of rural health workers
included in their experiences. Implementing health protocols, conducting contact
tracing, monitoring covid-19 victims and other activities during the span of pandemic
are tackled and are narrated.
Theoretical framework <- Use title Case (meaning all words except article and
pre)
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As a theoretical framework, a study by Karimi Z et al., was utilized as a basis
for the study. The objective of the study is to explore the lived experiences of nurses
caring for patients with COVID-19 in Iran. The study utilized Qualitative Descriptive
Phenomenology as study design “to discover and interpret the meaning of nurses’ lived
experience caring for patients with COVID-19” (Karimi Z. et al., 2020).
Colaizzi’s method was utilized in the study to analyze the data they have gained
from the participants. Colaizzi’s method includes seven steps, which are: (1) collecting
the participants’ descriptions, (2) understanding the depth of the meanings, (3)
extracting the important sentences, (4) conceptualizing important themes, (5)
categorizing the concepts and topics, (6) constructing comprehensive descriptions of
the issues examined, and (7) validating the data following the four criteria set out by
Lincoln and Guba. Criteria set out by Lincoln and Guba include credibility,
confirmability, dependability, and transferability (Lincoln & Guba, 1985).
Research Paradigm
This study employed an Interpretivist paradigm to investigate and interpret the
meaning of the experiences of Rural Health Workers Active Role during Covid-19
Pandemic. Interpretivism emphasizes social reality viewed and interpreted by the
individual according to the ideological positions that a person holds. The Interpretivist
paradigm believes that reality is multilayered and complex, and a single phenomenon
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can have multiple interpretations. By exploring richness, depth and complexity of
phenomena we can begin to develop a sense of understanding of the meanings given
by people to phenomena and their social context. Through uncovering how meanings
are constructed, we can gain insights into meanings imparted and thereby improve our
understanding of the whole. (Integrity Publishing and the Mentoring Journal, 2016) <-
Citations are BEFORE the period.
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Ideal
Lived Experiences
• The rural health workers try to be
Variables
at their optimum performance
with taking care of the patients • Perceptions of the participants • The personal accounts of the rural
burden imposed by the pandemic. with the onset of COVID-19 health workers in the frontline service
• There is anxiety of the possibility pandemic and working amidst during the COVID-19 pandemic.
of contracting the virus and the burden imposed by the
spreading it to close friends and pandemic. • The narratives of the participants’ with
families they live with. • Ways of dealing with the the dangers that are posed by the
• There is insufficieny of medical problems encountered during nature of their work to their physical
facilities and necessary items that the pandemic. and mental health and to their close
are needed to deal with the • Effects of the overburden of friends and families they interact with.
patients diseases.
• Participants have the tendency to • Dangers imposed to health by • The narratives of the participants with
be emotionally, mentally and the nature of their work. the strategies imposed by their facility
phyisically drained from work • Coping mechanisms as a group to help their workers cope with the
• Participants are able to form self- working in the same facility. burden of their work. As well as thier
coping mechanisms that will be • Self-coping mechanisms that self-coping strategies.
able to help them get through the help them get through their
burden of their work. days
Figure 1. Research Paradigm.

.
As this research calls to explore and understand the meaning of the experiences
of the participants’ in battling with COVID-19 mortality in select areas of Cagayan, the
variables listed above may be accounted for the lived experiences of the participants,
which are the subjective narratives of the participants’ in what and how they feel
towards working as a frontline service, how this affects them in anyway and what and
how do they respond to this.
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In the ‘ideal’ portion are the researchers’ presupposition. According to
Hammersley (2000) Phenomenologists, believe that the researcher cannot be detached
from his/her own presuppositions and that the researcher should not pretend otherwise.
These presuppositions are set of views that the researchers assumed initially to find
with the variables regarded.
(Don’t forget paragraph indents and justified paragraphs! I will not repeat the same
correction after this. Look through your paper until the end and correct any of these
same mistakes WITHOUT me having to point this out.)
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Statement of the Problem
Reminder on format: LINE SPACING IS WRONG!
Generally, this study sought to uncover and interpret the narratives of the Rural
Health workers in Rizal, Cagayan working in the frontline service during the onset of
the Corona virus in their area.
Specifically, the study pursued to answer the following questions:
a) What are the RHWs’(did you already define what an RHW is? If not, define it
first) collective perception about the COVID-19 pandemic?
b) What are their defined challenges and difficulties encountered in the
management of COVID-19?
c) How do they deal with (strategize) and manage COVID-19 monitoring and
prevention?
d) What are one’s specific contributive role in the management of COVID-19?
e) How is the overburden of the disease affect their physical state?
f) How is the overburden of the disease affecting their mental health?
g) How does one cope up from the emotional burden caused by the pandemic?
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Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study primarily focuses on the personal lived experiences of the Rural
Health Workers. Rural health Workers were chosen for the study because, there isn’t
much study that delves into the experience of rural health workers in light of the
COVID-19 pandemic.
This includes 6 participants which are Nurses in the barangay, a Physician, a
Midwive and a Medical Technologist. The selected Municipality is Rizal, Cagayan it
has been selected due to their excellent rating in case recovery rate with respect to their
number of cases, and willingness to participate in the interview. The researchers also
considered to pick this municipality as it was reachable and have been willing to
undergo the study. As of May 12, 2021 according to covidstats.ph Rizal placed sixth
with lowest rate of cases, 79 confirmed cases and 94.94% case recovery rate. Since
there is still a posed of COVID risk to the researchers and to the participants, the study
will be done through an online/ phone call interview in gathering the data needed. The
interview will be done depending on the availability of the respondents. Inclusion
criteria will also be employed as a basis of selection together with the exclusion criteria
which will be presented in the Methodology of the study.
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Significance of the Study
To the Rural Health Workers. Emergency Risk Reduction mechanisms is especially
important in time of pandemics. Emergency risk management for health refers to the
systematic analysis and management of health risks, posed by emergencies and
disasters through a combination of hazard and vulnerability reduction to prevent and
mitigate risks, preparedness, response, and recovery measures (WHO 2013). This will
help our healthcare providers a better service and will also protect them from the
vulnerability to the COVID-19. These interventions will also improve the performance
of the healthcare workers. Through this study, unveiling different mechanisms and
strategies from the different rural health workers may help us in formulating an
improved Emergency risk reduction strategies and mechanisms that will protect these
healthcare workers and their community.
To the Rural Health Unit. Rural Health Unit serve as the main source of free basic
healthcare for rural communities. Healthcare professionals unquestionably have a
strong desire to help others. The healthcare professionals at a rural medical clinic are
making tremendous difference in the lives of their patients. A key to a best service a
RHU can offer will depend on the performance of its healthcare providers. This study
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will discover the factors that affect the mental stability of these healthcare workers
which also has an impact to their performances. Discovering these factors are through
understanding their experiences as they continue their battle in lessening COVID-19
mortality. Formulating of interventions will help them reduce the stress and anxiety
that affects their performances which in result will enable them to provide best
healthcare services in their unit.
To Municipalities. Improved policies and strategies will serve as a standpoint of a
quality healthcare service delivery. The shared experiences of the Rural Health
workers will shed light to a better and improved strategies and practices with regards to
coping and adaptability of the RHU to the growing demand of quality healthcare
services most especially during crises like pandemics. The health protocols will be
improved, and there will be a more efficient approach to lessening the COVID-19
cases in their municipalities. These improved strategies and practices will also be
shared to the neighboring municipalities to check also what they should adopt and
removal of existing ineffective strategies and practices in terms of Risk reduction
mechanisms most especially in times of crises such as pandemics.
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Definition of Terms
 Anxiety- is a condition that may result from the experiences of the healthcare
providers while working as COVID-19 front liner.
 Constructivist - it refers to the methodology employed to investigate and
understand the meaning of experiences of Rural Health Workers in battling
with COVID-19 mortality in select areas of Cagayan.
 COVID-19- it is transcribed as Corona Virus Disease 2019. It is a disease
caused by a strain of coronavirus originally known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus.
 COVID-19 Pandemic- it refers to the widely spread of the Corona Virus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that affects the Healthcare workers specifically the
Rural Health workers.
 Lived experience- it refers to the representation of the experiences of the rural
health workers during the course of their work, which will be used as the
subject of this study.
 Rural Health Workers- refers to the Nurses, Physicians and Midwives who
are working as front liners during the COVID-19 Pandemic in their respective
municipalities.
 Stress- is a condition that may result from the experiences of the healthcare
providers while working as COVID-19 front liner.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature
The emergence of COVID-19 in the Philippines
The novel corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) is responsible for more fatalities that
the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, despite being in initial
stage of a global pandemic. The first suspected case in the Philippines was investigated
on January 22, 2020 and 633 suspected cases were reported as of March 1. Both
patients were previously healthy Chinese nationals on vacation in the Philippines
travelling as a couple during January 2020. Despite both patients being young adults
with no significant past medical history, they had a vastly different clinical courses,
illustrating how COVID-19 can present with a wide spectrum of disease. As of March,
there have been three confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Philippines (Edrada et al.,
2020). A total of 7 new cases tested positive for COVID-19 between 6 and 8 March
after first three confirmed cases in January-February, all reported cases has travel
history (WHO 2020).
COVID-19 pandemic and related Stress and Anxiety
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Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological and emotional
impact is also evident. Its emergence and spread create a lot of concern for people
leading to increased levels of anxiety (Roy et al., 2020). Stress is generally sourced
from situations that a person has no control over, such as a pandemic. Currently, there
is a surge of studies on how the COVID-19 pandemic has caused much stress to the
various healthcare systems across the globe. (Mo et al., 2020). In this study, select
health workers, such as doctors, nurses, medical technologist, and midwives are put
into focus to glance their related literature in their state of stress and anxiety.
Impact on Healthcare Workers
Health-care providers are vital resources for every country. Their health and
safety are crucial not only for continuous and safe patient care, but also for control of
any outbreak. However, health-care providers caring for patients during the severe
acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreaks were
under extraordinary stress related to high risk of infection, stigmatization,
understaffing, and uncertainty, and comprehensive support was a high priority during
the outbreaks and afterwards. Quantitative studies have shown that frontline health-
care providers treating patients with COVID-19 have a greater risks of mental health
problems, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and stress (Liu et al., 2020)
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Phenomenology
Creswell (2013) stated that phenomenology is effective in studying a small
number to identify the core of their experiences with the phenomenon. Phenomenology
is a methodology to qualitative research that focuses on the “commonality of a lived
experience within a particular group.
The fundamental goal is to arrive at a description of the nature of the phenomenon It
seeks to understand the point of view of the participant. In order to develop a rich
image of each participant's lived experience, Interpretations could be empathic and
descriptive. Interpretation can also include a careful review of the forms in which the
individual could not unwilling to reveal something hidden (Creswell, 2013).
Phenomenology is a philosophy of experience. For phenomenology, the
ultimate source of all meaning and value is the lived experience of human beings.
(Armstrong 2005) it is the philosopher’s job to describe the structures of experience, in
particular consciousness, the imagination, relations with other persons, and the
situatedness of the human subject in society and history.
Phenomenology studies structures of conscious experience as experienced from
the first-person point of view, along with relevant conditions of experience. It
dismisses all dogmatisms, practices of science, and methods placed externally. There
are no prior hypotheses in phenomenology, liberating the philosopher or researcher
from bias (Husserl 1970) Thus, the emphasis is the subjective experience with
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evaluation of the detailed experience of the participants as a way of making sense of
the world. In order to prevent misconstructions, put on the experience beforehand, the
researcher must bracket (Husserl, 1970) their conceptions. These preconceptions and
impositions may come from theological, cultural, or socio-political practices.
The purpose of phenomenological method is to uncover the genuine experience
of the phenomenon under investigation; Colaizzi's method consists of seven steps. First
informants' descriptions of the experiences are read in order to acquire a sense of the
whole. After that significant statements are extracted. Meanings are formulated from
the significant statements. Formulated meanings are organized into themes. Themes
are integrated into an exhaustive description. The essential structure of the
phenomenon is formulated. And finally, for validation the informants will evaluate the
result of the analysis, if it means the same as their original experiences were. The
modification of Colaizzi's method was used in order to conceptualize good care based
on the experiences of a population of ex-patients (Turunen et al., 1994)
Interpretivism (Your indents below. Check them. Why are they so big?)
Understanding interpretivism is not as straightforward as
understanding what it is not. Interpretivism is often placed in dichotomy with positivist
approaches such as hard sciences versus social sciences, numbers versus discourse,
generalizability versus situatedness. Perhaps this understanding emerged during the
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paradigm wars of the 1980s (Denzin & Lincoln, 2011), where a move to reject
positivist, quantitative research approaches was led by post-positivists/constructivists
to promote a more naturalistic yet equally valid scientific inquiry in empirical social
sciences. The Interpretive Turn was coined to demark research practices that turn away
from de-humanized, objective research towards a rehumanized, contextual and
reflexive approach, which centralizes human meaning making and knowledge claims
(Yanow & Schwartz-Shea, 2014).
Interview
In the study of Santaniello (2018), she posits in her data collection method four
reasons for using Interview as data collection method. First, “studying people’s
understanding of the meaning in their lived world” (Kvale, 1996, p. 105) qualitative
interviewing is a fitting approach. Second, Interviewing is to figure out what is in and
on the mind of someone else. By interviewing them, we will be able discover from
them those things we cannot observe (Patton, 1987, p. 196). Third, Qualitative
interviews contribute to rich explanations of the subject examined, enabling readers to
decide on the transferability of research outcomes (Merriam, 2002). It provides a rich
explanation of the subject for with qualitative interviewing, on can be able to see things
which are unable to with just observation, we will be able to make up the emotions,
thoughts, and intentions of a person (Merriam, 1998, p.72). And lastly, interviews
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allow for triangulation of information obtained from other sources and, thus, increase
the credibility of study findings (Emerson, Fretz, & Shaw, 1995; Merriam, 2002;
Stake, 1995).
This closely relates to the current study as it utilizes interview method to bring about
the intricate and deeper subjective truth that another person holds, which will greatly
help in describing their experiences with truth from their perceptions.
Interviews also allow for triangulation of information obtained from other
source. Triangulation is the combination of at least two or more theoretical
perspectives, methodological approaches, data sources, investigators, or data analysis
methods. The intent of using triangulation is to decrease, negate, or counterbalance the
deficiency of a single strategy, thereby increasing the ability to interpret the findings.
The use of triangulation strategies does not strengthen a flawed study. Researchers
should use triangulation if it can contribute to understanding the phenomenon;
however, they must be able to articulate why the strategy is being used and how it
might enhance the study. (Lincoln & Guba, 1985).
Triangulation also has been viewed as a qualitative research strategy to test
validity through the convergence of information from different sources Carter et al.
(2014). Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999) identified four types of triangulation: method
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triangulation, investigator triangulation, theory triangulation, and data source
triangulation. The collected qualitative data is within a parallel case study design using
key informant interviews as well as document analysis.
Colaizzi’s Method
Colaizzi’s (1978) distinctive seven steps process provides a rigorous analysis,
with each step staying close to the data (Morrow and King, 2015). Colaizzi’s method
was used to analyze the transcribed results from the participants’ responses. The
approach includes 7 steps: (1) collecting the descriptions of the phenomenon from the
respondents, (2) reading of the transcribed manuscript many times to gain a deeper
understanding of the meanings conveyed, (3) identifying notable statements and
phrases and converting them into general terms, (4) formulating meanings of nurses’
work in community quarantine facilities amidst the COVID-19 crisis, (5) organizing
the derived meanings into clusters of themes, (6) writing an exhaustive description of
the issues examined, and (7) carefully validating the meanings from the participants of
the study before writing full description of themes to validate the findings, and merge
any new ideas or corrections into the final exhaustive description (Sadang, 2020)
Foreign studies
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In the study conducted by Liu et al., (2020) the study shows that the intensive
work in the COVID19-wards drained the health-care providers physically and
emotionally. It also shows the three theme categories emerged from their data analysis;
these includes (1) “Being fully responsible for patients’ wellbeing-this is my duty”. (2)
“Challenges of working on COVID-19 wards”. (3) “Resilience amid challenges”. The
Health-care providers also identified many sources of social support and self-
management strategies to cope with the situation. According to the participants,
transcendence was also achieved from their experiences.
In another study conducted by Karimi Z et al., (2020) the study shows that
there are three main themes and six subthemes that were identified in their findings.
Three main themes include: (1) Mental Condition (subthemes included anxiety, stress,
and fear). (2) Emotional condition (subthemes included suffering and affliction and
waiting for death). (3) Care and Context (subthemes included turmoil and lack of
support and equipment). The study shows that nurses working in the wards and care
centered designated for patients with COVID019 are experiencing mental and
emotional distress and are working in inadequate professional conditions.
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In the study conducted by Corley, Hammond, and Fraser (2009) there were
eight common themes emerged from the thematic analysis of their questionnaires and
focus groups. (1) The wearing of personal protective equipment, (2) Infection control
procedures, (3) Fear of contracting and transmitting the disease, (4) Adequate staffing
levels within the ICU, (5) New roles for the staff, (6) Morale levels, (7) Education
regarding ECMO, (8) The challenges of patient care. The eight themes that were
mentioned articulates the lived experience of the staff during the height of the H1N1
Influenza pandemic period in Australia in 2009.
Bangcheng et al., (2014) examined the role of motivational bases, specifically
the public service motivation, in the stressor–wellbeing relationship, wherein the PSM
or public service motivation indicates the idea of commitment to the public service,
pursuit of public interest and the desire to perform work that is worthwhile to the
society. In which it was found that PSM moderates the relationship between work-
stressors and individual well-being. The higher the PSM level of the respondent, the
better they handle increase of stressors which in turn would slowly decrease their
physical and mental well-being. But overall, respondents with higher PSM compared
to their colleagues with lower PSM tend to experience mental well-being but have
lower physical well-being.
21
This article is closely related to the current study because it discusses how
motivational bases affect the well-being of a worker in relation to stressors that are
found in the workplace. In which would mean that motivational bases can then affect
how well a worker would perform and how they would carry themselves in a stressful
situation in their workplace, which accounts varied experiences from different
individuals. Although the present study does not try to quantify and correlate like the
mentioned study reviewed, both tries to describe the individual’s experiences in in their
work and how this affects their well-being.
Anderson (2020) conducted a study on lived experience of nurses working with
limited personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 crisis, through
phenomenology by using thematic analysis, the research established that the major
theme found in the experiences of the respondents is “emotional roller-coaster” which
was described by Anderson as “the intensity of the varied emotions the nurses
experienced during the early weeks and months of the pandemic”. It encompasses the
following subthemes: scared and afraid, sense of isolation, anger, felt betrayed,
overwhelmed, and exhausted, grief, helpless and at a loss, denial.
This describes the emotions that people feel when faced with overwhelming
risk for their lives. It denotes intense emotional turmoil described under five main
22
themes. The fear, anger, sense of isolation, exhaustion, and helplessness. While the
other major themes found include self-care, ‘hoping for the best’, ‘nurses are not
invincible’, and ‘I feel lucky’. Although overwhelmed with negative emotions, there is
still a ray of positivity, in order to be able to cope amidst the turmoil that is brought
about by the pandemic and the limited PPE that the respondents need in order to
perform in their job.
This is similar to the current study as they both try to describe the experiences
as perceived by the individual, as they go on about their day working as healthcare
professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Phenomenology tries to describe and
not explain, the individual’s experiences, not by finding the “truth” but by looking at
their own perceptions of “their truth” of their experiences as how they perceive it.
Local studies
In the study conducted by Sadang 2020, the study shows that the COVID-19
pandemic crisis brought an abrupt change in nurses’ life in the healthcare system in the
Philippines. This pandemic lead to a stressful and overwhelming challenges in their
daily battle against the mortality brought by the virus. There were three major themes
emerged in this study, these are extracted from the data analysis of the transcribed
verbatim responses of the respondents using Colaizzi’s approach: (1) Work as self-
sacrifice (three subthemes), (2) Work as self-fulfillment (two subthemes), (3) Work as
23
psychological struggle (two subthemes). The nurses’ outstanding professional efforts
and sacrifices in battling this crisis were also reflected in the study. It also stated in the
study that the efforts done by the nurses is a way for them to overcome difficulties
amidst the insufficient or unavailable needed resources. Hence, comprehensive support
must be provided to safeguard their well-being so they can continue their noble service
in combating and eliminating this illness in their respective communities.
24
Most of your RRL problems are format based. I did not mark every single one I saw.
See my previous comments and make the necessary changes where they should be.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Reminder on formatting and consistency of citation format AGAIN. Keep your
tenses consistent. Use pasttense from here to the discussion and conclusions
because this is an already completed work.
Research Design
In this study, a descriptive phenomenological approach was
utilized in the qualitative inquiry. Phenomenological study describes the common
meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a concept or a
phenomenon (Creswell, 2013). Phenomenology is not only a description, but it is also
an interpretive process in which the researcher makes an interpretation (i.e., the
researcher “mediates” between different meanings; van Manen, 1990, p. 26) of the
meaning of the lived experiences.
Study participants
Rural Health Workers (Nurses, Physician, Midwife, Medical Technologist)
who are working on the frontline since the onset of the pandemic in the area. It is
important that the participant had been deployed in an area where there are reported
25
COVID-19 cases. Because the goal of this study is to uncover the perception of the
Rural Health Workers in their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The
participants were gathered through a purposive sampling technique.
A referral technique using snowball sampling was adopted by the researchers to spend
less time in screening appropriate target participants as well as easier time in
establishing a trusting relationship. Inclusion and Exclusion criteria was employed in
selecting the participants.
Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria
a) Must be a Rural Health Worker with a a) Unwillingness to join the interview

designation of either a nurse, physician,
medical technologist, or midwife
b) Must be working in the RHU for at b) No direct intervention with COVID-

least 3 months since the onset of 19 patients.
COVID-19 in their area
c). Have direct intervention to COVID- c.) Working in the hospitals and other
19 patients health facilities aside from the RHU.
d) Willingness to join an interview d) Recently employed RHWs (from the
months of June 2020 to present)
Table 1: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria used in selecting the participants.
Table 1 SHOULD BE IN THE SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS. In this part of
Chapter 3, you mention how many respondents you had, how you sampled them and
their positions.
Locale of the Study
The selected municipality is Rizal, Cagayan it has been selected due to their
excellent rating in case recovery rate with respect to their number of cases, and
26
willingness to participate in the interview. As of May 12, 2021 according to
covidstats.ph Rizal placed sixth with lowest rate of cases, 79 confirmed cases and
94.94% case recovery rate.
Data Collection Method
In this study, data gathering was limited to phone call interviews. This is due to
the risk posed by COVID-19 to the participants and the researchers. Also considering
the health protocol and other local restrictions. The interview lasted 30-60 minutes.
Permission to audio-record the interview was also considered as part of ethical
protocol.
Before utilizing the research instrument, it underwent content validation from
the esteemed professionals such as the research advisers to ensure the validity of the
research instrument.
Pilot testing was conducted to find problems and areas needing improvement to ensure
reliability and of the research instrument and flawlessness in conducting the interview.
According to Polkinghorne (1989) data are collected from the individuals who have
experienced the phenomenon. The participants are asked two broad, general questions
(Moustakas, 1994): What have you experienced in terms of the phenomenon? What
contexts or situations have typically influenced or affected your experiences of the
27
phenomenon? Other open-ended questions may also be asked, but these two,
especially, focus attention on gathering data that will lead to a textual and structural
description of the experiences, and ultimately provide an understanding of the common
experiences of the participants (Creswell, 2013)
The table below is unnecessary. Your instrument should be found in yoru appendix.
We can see the complete version there.
Interview Questions
1. First of all, tell us about your experience in caring for patients with COVID-19.
What experience do you have?
2. Tell us about your daily experiences in caring for patients with COVID-19.
Table 2. Interview Questions
Note that the researchers use follow up questions for more detailed interview
Data Analysis
As a guide in data analysis, Colaizzi’s method was utilized.
Colaizzi’s (1978) distinctive seven step process provides a rigorous analysis, with each
step staying close to the data. The result is a concise yet all-encompassing description
of the phenomenon under study, validated by the participants that created it. The
method depends upon rich first-person accounts of experience; these may come from
28
face-to-face interviews, but can also be obtained in multiple other ways; written
narratives, blogs, research diaries, online interviews and so on (Morrow, 2015).
This includes 7 steps:
Steps Description
1. Familiarization The researcher familiarizes him or
herself with the data, by reading
through all the participant accounts
several times
2. Identifying significant statements The researcher identifies all
statements in the accounts that are of
direct relevance to the phenomenon
under investigation.
3. Formulating meanings The researcher identifies meanings
relevant to the phenomenon that arise
from a careful consideration of the
significant statements. The
researcher must reflexively “bracket”
his or her pre-suppositions to stick
closely to the phenomenon as
experienced (though Colaizzi
recognizes that complete bracketing
is never possible).
4. Clustering themes The researcher clusters the identified
meanings into themes that are
common across all accounts. Again,
bracketing of pre-suppositions is
crucial, especially to avoid any
potential influence of existing theory.
5. Developing an exhaustive description The researcher writes a full and
inclusive description of the
phenomenon, incorporating all the
themes produced at step 4.
29
6. Producing the fundamental structure The researcher condenses the

exhaustive description down to a
short, dense statement that captures
just those aspects deemed to be
essential to the structure of the
phenomenon.
7. Seeking verification of the fundamental The researcher returns the
fundamental structure statement to
structure all participants (or sometimes a sub-
sample in larger studies) to ask
whether it captures their experience.
He or she may go back and modify
earlier steps in the analysis in the
light of this feedback.
Table 3: Colazzi’s 7-step method
Rigor of the study
Rigor and Trustworthiness: The researchers ensured that the rigor of
conducting qualitative studies was strictly observed throughout the process. This is to
ensure credibility, trustworthiness, and auditability. Qualitative research experts were
consulted to ensure that description and coding used in the analysis and interpretation
were accurate. The researchers ensured that the participants are aware of all their rights
and are well oriented with the study being conducted. Participant’s personal
information are well secured. Audio recordings and transcripts are well kept in a
password secured computer.
30
Ethical Considerations
Informed consent and Confidentiality. Informed consent will were sent
through the participants’ email before the interview. Considering the situation as the
limitation of the study the consent was stated over the phone. Respondents were
advised that they were free to participate or withdraw from the study. They would not
be penalized of lose any benefits to which they were otherwise entitled if they chose
not to participate or choose to withdraw.
Interview process took 30-60 minutes with no right or wrong answers. Moreover, all
the respondents agreed to record the conversation audio for accurate data analysis.
The transcripts and recordings were safely stored in a computer protected with a
password, whereinand only the researchers havde the authority of access. The
transcripts were then labeled according to categories and codes. All of whomthe
respondents will bewere assured that all their information would be kept confidential,
and only the results of the survey would be published anonymously. Numbers will be
used instead of their first name basis.
31
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
RESULTS <- change the format. Use better subheadings than this. It should not
be formatted the same as the chapter title.
Six people aged 28 to 58 years old took part in this phenomenological study, five of
whom were female (83.33 %) and one of whom was male (16.67 %). The participants'
average age was 39.33 years (SD = 4.99). An SD of 4.99 shows how dispersed the
values are from the average value, showing the diversity of the age population is
leaning on the younger side with some extreme values of older age. <- How did you
end up making this claim? Where did it say that a standard deviation of X years made
your data diverse? Do not make claims without backing it up with references. The
participants had a mean work experience of 11.17 years (SD = 10.19).
All of the study participants have a weekly work shift consisting of a week of duty,
afterwards a week of isolation, then a week of off duty then return back with a week of
field work. This is in exemption of one of the study participants having a work shift of
a week duty, a week off, a week isolation and no field work. Since the beginning of the
epidemic, the all of the rural health workers that participated in this research have been
working with the Rural Health Unit of Rizal in maintaining zero or at least the smallest
32
possible number of cases as they could. Two key themes; 1. Work trials, 2.
Management interventions emerged from their replies explaining their experiences in
their various disciplines while working in the rural health unit during the COVID-19
pandemic health crisis, as revealed by descriptive phenomenology.
Theme 1: Work trials
This theme had there (4) subthemes, described below. The participants expressed their
interpersonal challenges specifically the challenges brought by their work, the social
stigma towards our health workers which added to the emotional challenges these
Rural Health workers are experiencing.
Sub-theme 1: A more challenging work experience
During this pandemic, they revealed that their work experiences became more
challenging than during their usual duties. Most of them are working overtime, has
work overload and they even went an extra mile in their work. An example of which is
going outside the facility to report on their duty. This resulted to a more challenging
work experience for them.
“The work became harder because we are assigned under checkpoint and monitor
those people who come and go outside the community” p1
33
“At first sobrang challenging samin na nurses. Nasanay kami sa routine duties
naming na magbigay ng routine immunizations sa mga bata, pre-natal check up for
the pregnant, visit, profiling namin at mga services na rinerender namin tulad ng
family planning community at counselling. P2”
Sub-theme 2: Emotional challenges brought by social stigma
During this pandemic, there are notable number of health care workers died and
suffered from the disease. They have a greater risk of being infected due to the nature
of their work which resulted to experiencing discrimination, misunderstood and
misjudged by the people. Which made it difficult to communicate with the people in
the community.
Kunwari papara kami ng tricycle para man lang sana makasakay or anything
paramapadali ang monitoring namin para di naman namin ma-consume yung whole
day para mag-momonitor ng six to seven barangays, per day kase kami. Yun natatakot
talaga sila sa amin. Minsan kahit pinapara namin eh dirediretso lang sila. “ P2
“naexperience naming yung inaaway ka nila. Inaaway ka nila dahil sa kung
minsan dahil dun sa kuwan nila pinag-iistay-an nila eh hindi daw sila at ease” p1
34
Sub-theme 3: Work-related stress affecting mental health
Work-related stress can instantly affects someone’s mental health condition
involving distress, anxiety, anxiousness, and hesitation. This is why this leads to one’s
negative emotions towards herself. All the participants experienced struggle in taking
part of their work. Because of this work related-stress, participants open’s up and says
they see incapability, dissatisfaction, insufficient input and difficulty in the task.
“Fear, the fear of acquiring the infection and the possibility that we also infect
our family” p4
“mahirap yung magconvince ka na magpabakuna sila. Yun ang mahirap kasi
andami moing ano eh andami mong iexplain sakanila hindi parin nila ano, talagang
hindi parin nila maintindihan. So ang ano ko, yung paano. Ipinusta ko yung lisensya
ko…. Sabi ko naman “alam niyo hindi kami andito naibuwis yung aming trabaho
naming kasi pagmamamatay kayo diyan sa bakuna nay an, kasalanan din naming yan.
Kaya pinupusta yung mga lisensya namin.” p1
“This pandemic is new, and everything is experimental, no fixed treatment” p6
They feel the exhaustion of work especially working overtime and the next they
feel unproductive because of tiredness. Participants are held accountable for their
35
results and going beyond call of duty can carry negative consequences but they always
see positivity coping up with those challenges. Like one of the participant said they
have to explore and learn things that would make their work easier because it is a call
of duty and they had no choice.
“I’m okay but sometimes I feel tired but we don’t have time to rest because
there are people who need our services.” p1
“At first, it is very challenging to us as nurses because we’re used with our
routine duties like routine immunization, prenatal check-up, home visit, profiling and
counselling. We also learn how to drive vehicles because we have no choice, it’s a call
of duty.” p2
Sub-theme 4: Emotional health threat leading to unobtainable goals
Some participant feels like giving up because of the situation, they had this
feeling of tiredness and dissatisfaction leading to unobtainable goals. Because of
emotional threat, participant’s sometimes thinks of the negative aspect on their work.
Participants are not emotionally healthy, sometimes they are not in control with their
thoughts and feeling but they’re able to cope up with those challenges, they keep the
problems in perspective and bounce back from setback.
“minsan mahirap kasi, naguguluhan ka, medyo pumapsok may mga signs na
nalolow morale ka, kasi may mga times na nagkakaroon ng infection yung mga
kasamahan mo at possible na meron ka rin. ” p4
36
“biggest challenge? … kailangan mong habain yung pasensya mo na kahit
paulit ulit na sila nng simptomas, halimbawa oras-oras tumatawag sila, ganyan,
iintindihin mo parin talaga sila. Yun yung challenge talaga dun. Yung pagkakaroon
mo nang mahabang pasensya talaga” p3
“Drained, trying but have to balance”p6
Theme 2: Management Interventions
Sub-theme 1: Learned Principles and Practices
Their way of preparedness is either incorporated in their daily routine in a day
as of a structured way or is unstructured in which done because it is necessary or is
mandatory. In the part of daily routines, one of them schedule yoga and breathing
exercises and beneficially has gained renewal and energy restoration. Many of them
has a principle that they must not skip their meals for them to be mentally and
physically ready in their work. Most of them also are taking vitamin supplements to
boost their immune system, sleeping early to avoid sleep-deprivation and to have a
functioning mind for the next day. This, in all, they emphasize to take better care of
themselves.
“….everyday dapat, upon waking up kailangan mo na ng exercise, vitamins at
saka kumain ng tama talaga, para may panlaban tayo sa sakit, diba?, dapat routine na
37
yun everyday mong ginagawa yun kahit wala pang pandemic dapat ganun talaga,
para maboost mo yung immune system mo.”p3
One of the participants applies mind conditioning in the situation. She said, to
condition your mind is by how you see. She also said that being an extrovert is an
advantage. She should to stay in her office and read updates. The latter statement may
have felt the result of the state of introversion, but such practice of reading medical
books and updates about COVID-19 and DOH program revisions made her be
intellectually equipped when questioned by any person. Applying reverse psychology
became a way also for her against individuals who hardly can’t understand the
mandated implemented protocols to be done by them. Though she admit that this
pandemic is new, and everything is experimental and that there is no fixed treatment,
instead of worrying, she has realized that every day is a learning experience.
Sub-theme 2: Spiritual enlightenment
Amidst of all that is happening, the burden of the pandemic takes a toll on the
healthcare workers, they hold tight to their faith, trusting the almighty their daily lives,
that they may be able to hold on and perform at their best for the people. Positive
beliefs, comfort, and strength gained from religion, meditation, and prayer can
contribute to wellbeing. It may even promote healing.
38
“Pagka tapos ng duty taas noo parin. Lagi paring nasa isip namin na, nakagawa kami
ng mabuti sa ibang tao. Sinasa-Diyos nalang naming.” p2
“Yung ipapa kay-God mo nalang lahat yung mga pangyayari and syempre
pinagprapray mo din sila na sana gumaling na sila. Ganun. So yun, lahat minsan yung
pagod mo tsaka stressed ka na rin minsanrinerelease mo nalang din siya through
prayers nalang rin talaga.” p3
Sub-theme 3: Sense of Elevated morality and confidence
Participants showed a sense of Fulfilment in their work. It has greatly been
shown by how they lend their services to their patients despite all that has come to
them that would affect their work. They are happy that they have supplied their needs
even beyond what is expected. In their work many are really inspired, through teaching
and influencing others, they see themselves as “knowledge securities”.
“If you're doing your work it's not a burden, you are inspired to work hard
cause you know you're helping those people and those patients, and helping to tell
them a way to avoid being exposed to this virus.” P5
“Fulfilled yung feeling mo kapag nakagawa ka ng specimen collection na
swabe, naprocess mo ng maayos, at nabigay mo yung tamang resulta para dun sa
tamang pasyente.” P4
Collaboration and teamwork is an important tool for them to become well
productive. Having had an established support system enabled them to perform their
39
duties well away from getting into fear and doubts about themselves. They initiate or
lend themselves with their co-workers and blend in unison to solve each different
situations.
“So tulungan parin kami. Kapag alam namin na pagod na yung isa, gagawin
nalang muna nung isa kung kaya pa. so give and take lang.” p2
Sub-theme 4: Cultivated values
Values Applicable to Task
These values are the things that they believe that are important in the way they
live and work. These will always have a positive outcome to their relationship with
their patients and also to their work. When the things that they do and the way they
behave match their values, life is usually good – they're satisfied and content. But
when these don't align with their personal values, that's when things feel wrong, this
can be a real source of unhappiness that's why even if their work is so tiring and
exhausting, they do understand that this is their job, and they have to do this
enthusiastically and maybe someday this pandemic will end on a positive note. This is
why for them making a conscious effort to identify the values which are applicable to
task is so important.
40
“Masaya and very proud na we are part of the body na nag sosolve or nag cocombat
against COVID 19, very very proud at sana ganun din yung nafefeel ng ibang tao
maging positive sila at maging cooperative sila para sa madaling pagsolve po natin sa
COVID 19.” P4
“Kung ginagawa mo ang trabaho mo, hindi nay un magiging mabigat, na-iinspire
kang pag butihin pa ang trbaho mo kasi alam mong tinutulungan mo ang mga tao at
mga pasyente, kung ano ang mga paraan upang hindi mahawaan ng virus.” P5
Values Applicable to Coworkers
Relationships at work are important to the psychological and social work
environment and may be resources for the employees’ well-being. There is a need for a
better understanding of what generate positive relationships at work. In health care
setting, they really need to make a collaboration and teamwork in order to make each
of them work with ease and understanding. They need to adjust to make each other feel
comfortable enough to be working with. And these mutual relationships will make
them be mutually benefitted which will make their work easier.
“pag may kasama ka talaga, kailangan eh talagang teamwork at collaboration kapag
natratrabaho. So hindi lang pwedeng for me ikaw lang ang masusunod. So kapag alam
mo na medyo ano sa mga kasamahan mo kailangan mag adjust ka pa rin, parang
ganun.” P2
41
DISCUSSION
This phenomenological study has explored the lived experiences of rural health
workers caring for patients with COVID-19 in designated areas in the rural health unit
in Rizal, Cagayan. Work trials, Management Interventions were the main themes that
emerged from the statements of the health workers. The first central theme identified in
our study, work trials, centered upon the emotional and mental effects that the study
participants have gone through whilst working in this pandemic. Characterized by
feelings of anxiety, frustration, and exhaustion and wanting to give up as well as the
emotional burden brought about by the social stigma they received from the people
they serve. Frustrated from separation from their families has one been their woes, as
they have to work as well as keep their family members safe from the threat of the
virus, that they may carry due to the nature of their work.
Management Interventions, the second topic of health workers' comments,
follows up on a more pleasant side. Described by preparedness, adaptability, alliance,
camaraderie and faith. This theme showed the professionalism and versatility of the
study participants, despite the emotional, physical, mental and social turmoil they face
upon performing their job.
42
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
As this study seeks to uncover and interpret the narratives of the Rural Health
Workers in their battle against COVID-19 in Rizal Cagayan, the researchers
interviewed six (6) participants working in RHU-Rizal, one male (16. 67 %) and five
(5) females (83.33 %) aged between 28 to 58 years old. The researchers used a
qualitative method in this study. There are two (2) main themes and seven (8)
subthemes emerged from their responses: Theme 1: Work trials (subtheme included:
“A more challenging work experience”, “Emotional challenges brought by social
stigma”, “Work-related stress affecting mental health” and “Emotional health threat
leading to unobtainable goals”). Theme 2: Management Interventions (subthemes
included: “Learned Principles and Practices”, “Spiritual enlightenment”, “Sense of
elevated morality and confidence” and “culativated values”).
43
CONCLUSION
The lived experiences of health care workers in Rizal, Cagayan though has
many work trials tend to have effective management interventions. The created
management interventions: the learned principles and practices, spiritual
enlightenment, sense of elevated morality and confidence and the cultivated values
formed become applicable and useful in dealing with the burdens of COVID-19
restrictions and mental and emotional aspects. These enabled them to have a coping
mechanism toward balanced aspects of their lives.
Amongst these interventions is dominated by the cultivated values formed. These
includes resilience, selflessness, considering and understanding others, hopefulness,
compassion, fairness, self-control, enthusiasm and optimism, adaptability and
flexibility to name others. The aforementioned cultivated values is divided into two:
the values towards their task and the values towards their co-workers. The former
includes the rendered services they give to the patients and the latter the established
support system and collaboration effective towards managing the burden of their health
facilities.
Spiritual enlightenment became also one aspect for seeking wisdom, guidance and
renewal from the Almighty.
44
Self-fulfilment and inspiration, together with support network amongst the health care
workers became driving force for them to perform well on their duties and task despite
burdensome situation.
The uniqueness of this research is the richness of management interventions in which
can be used for further studies. The interventions can be extracted as merely principles
in dealing with the same corresponding problems as is narrated on the work trials- the
first theme emerged. The strength can be used as a tool in the burden of a health care
system so as it can be applied and is appropriate.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The phenomenological study which entitled “A Phenomenological Study on
Rural Health Workers Active Role during Covid-19 Pandemic” has been conducted
and after a thorough analysis of data, the following recommendations are hereby made:
First, is the reduction of stigma among health workers working in COVID-19 response
should be prioritized through the mobilization of mass media and community
engagement strategy, provision should be made for living arrangements in the vicinity
of health facilities if possible, which may help reduce the stigma faced by the health
45
workers at their residence and neighborhood. This may also reduce the guilt and stress
of being a potential carrier and exposing the family members of each health workers.
Second, they should have an enabling work environment with a good support system
which help the boost work morale, confidence and avoid job dissatisfaction.
Third, is the psychological intervention with a focus on health workers should be a part
of preparedness to reduce its impact not only on their well-being but also on the health
system at large.
Fourth, we recommend to the future researchers who in will be working on a similar
study as this, to increase the respondents in such a way that it will more accurately
define the whole population of the locale of the study.
Please double check your formatting for paragraphs in Chapter 4 and 5.
46
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Appendix A
CLARITY AND VALIDITY ASSESSMENT
51
52
53
LETTERS
54
55
56
57
Appendix B
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
58
ANNEX A <- Remove this.I only used it as an examplein the thesis guide. It is
NOT part of the appendix
TITLE PAGE
“A Phenomenological Study on Rural Health Workers Active Role during Covid-
19 Pandemic.”
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the College of Allied Health Sciences
Department of Medical Technology
Andrews Campus
Tuguegarao City
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Course
Introduction to Medical Laboratory Science Research
Submitted by:
Bulauan, Riziel Faith T.
Sales, Joana Marie S.
Siriban, Nicole Gwynett V.
Taloza, Darwin Josua M.
Ulibas, Sharmaine U.
June 2022
59
ANNEX B <-Remove this/ See previous page

APPROVAL SHEET
This Research entitled “A Phenomenological Study on Rural Health
Workers Active Role during Covid-19 Pandemic”prepared and submitted by
Riziel Faith Bulauan, Joana Marie Sales, Nicole Gwynett Siriban, Darwin Josua
Taloza, and Sharmaine Ulibas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
course Introduction to Medical Laboratory Science Research for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science has been examined and hereby
recommended for approval and acceptance.
Date: August 02, 2021 ROXANNE SABRINA C. RAMIREZ

Research Adviser
APPROVED by Tribunal on Oral Examination with a grade of ______.
PANEL MEMBERS
URDUJAH G. ALVARADO
Chairperson
MA’AM DORINA M. SABATIN RMT, MPH, CBO URDUJAH G. ALVARADO

Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bachelor of

Science in Medical Laboratory Science.
Date: August 28, 2021 MA’AM DORINA M. SABATIN RMT, MPH, CBO
60
Dean, College of Allied Health Sciences

ANNEX C <- Remove this, same as previous comment
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to recognize and thank the following who in
one way or another have extended their support, guidance, assistance and service for
the realization of this study.
To Ma’am Dorina M. Sabatin, Dean of the College of Allied Health
Sciences, for making it possible for the Third Year batch 2020-2021 of the Medical
Laboratory Science Department to execute and carry out their respective researches.
To Dr. Julius T. Capili, Former Dean of the College of Allied Health
Sciences, for his unending support to the not only to the researchers, but to the whole
of the third year batch of 2020-2021 of the Medical Laboratory Science Department.
To Prof. Jay Emmanuel Asuncion, research adviser, because of his
patience, support, understanding, encouragement, and commitment to share his
research knowledge and expertise.
61
To the Mrs. Maricon Taloza, for lending the her hand in order for us to
reach and communicate with the Rural Health Unit of Rizal, Cagayan
To the esteemed rural health unit of the municipality of Rizal,
Cagayan, for actively responding and participating in the interview, sharing their
experiences in their respective fields.
And above all, to the Almighty Father, for His divine inspiration that the researchers
were able to undertake their mission despite the odds without losing hope.
62
Appendix C
TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEWS
Participant 1
Interview time: 30 minutes and 1 second
Interviewer: good morning po tita. Or ma’am. Ano po yung complete name niyo?
Participant 1: V***y S. f****r
Interviewer: ano po yung extension name niyo po?
Participant 1: Midwife III
Interviewer: Midwife III. Yes. Ilang taon na po kayo?
Participant 1: magfoforty five na rin
Interviewer: Yes, Ano yung ano po parang sa nursing eh RN yung dulo ng name?
Participant 1: RM
Interviewer: so magumpisa na po tayo.
When did the covid-19 hit the greatest? Kalian po tumama
yung pademya dito sa Rizal na pinakamahirap at Malaki?
Participant 1: nung kuwan sir. Nung umpisa niya. march
Interviewer: yung kalian siya naging parang “hala ang hirap”. Yung kalian naging
mahirap po yung pandemya
Participant 1: syempre nung first kalian dumating yung virus kasi lahat na eh tenga na
lahat kasi, mga trabaho ng mga tao eh kuwan. Yun nung kuwan… nung umpisa ng
covid, yun parang na ano na
Interviewer: kamusta po kayo dun?
Participant 1: okay lang naman kasi nasa gobyerno tayo. Syempre hindi natin
proproblemahin yung pangkain natin araw-araw pero eh sa pamilya mo syempre iniisip
mo din ang mga pamilya mo. Mga ibang tao diyan na walang trabaho, diba parang
ikaw nalang yung ano eh… kumbaga eh nabubuhay na kumakain lang kasi diba ikaw
lang yung may sahod. Pero saka nung panahon na yun, nasa ano kami. Nasa
checkpoint. Mag-ano kami. Papasok kami ng five o’clock in the morning then uuwi
kami eight (8pm). Hirap talaga ng trabahon noon, kasi kami yung mga nagchecheck sa
mga tao na labas pasok. Ganun. Kung saan sila manggaling, saan sila pupunta, tapos
sinasabihan. Sinasabihan kung bakit sila pinagbabawalan lumabas. Ganun.
Interviewer: example po. Kung paano niyo po sila pinagsasabihan?
Participant 1: sinasabihan namin na, ano ganito. Kasi meron yung mga ano eh, mga
diba noon eh ECQ, so kuwan, meron lang yung isang member lang ng family ang
63
lalabas. Yun dapat limitado lang yung oras niya sa pupuntahan niya. Tapos lagi siyang
gumagamit ng ano, face shield at face mask para maiwasan ang pagkaroon ng sakit.
Ganun. Tapos siya lang dapat yung lumalabas kasi noon, eh isa lang yung dapat
lumalabas sa isang pamilya. Tapos pag may ano pa… pag may… ano yun?.. yung…
nakita namin na hindi siya dapat pwedeng lalabas, sinasabihan naming. Lalo na sa mga
matatanda
Interviewer: so etong paulit-ulit na, parang ano sinasabihan niyo po sila. Sino po sila.
Pasyente ba ito? O sa mga kababayan?
Participant 1: sa mga pasyente sa mga constituents sa barangay. Ganun mga bata na
nakikita mo na lumalabas, mga matatanda
Interviewer: kamusta po sa inyo ito? yung palagi niyong ginagawa? Kamusta sainyo
ito? diba paulit-ulit niyo itong ginagawa?
Participant 1: okay lang naman. Kasi syempre lagi mo silang ireremind sa mga
ginagawa nila para makaiwas sila sa sakit. Hindi naman mabigat yun kase yun nalang
naman na ang alam mong maprevent ang ano diba? Maprevent ang sakit. Kaya
pagpasensyahan mo nalang kasi meron yung mga matitigas ang ulo.
Interviewer: so next question po tayo Ma’am. Tell us about your experience in caring
for Covid-19 patients. Ano po yung mga experiences niyo, yung mga karanasan ninyo?
Diba nandoon po kayo sa Quarantine Facility? Parang ano yung mga karanasan niyo sa
pagaalaga at pag-dedeal sa mga covid-19 patients? Sila po yung mga positive (in
covid-19 virus) noh?
Participant 1: Oo. Ano naexperience naming yung inaaway ka nila. Inaaway ka nila
dahil sa kung minsan dahil dun sa kuwan nila pinag-iistay-an nila eh hindi daw sila at
ease. Eh syempre, alam mo naman na ang gobyerno hindi maibigay yung talagang
napaka-gandang ano titirhan ng mga covid patients. Yun lang. as of now wala namang
ano. Kasi yung mga iba rin eh ieexplain mo lang sakanila yung executive orde, na kung
pwede lahat ng mga protocol eh sinusunod.
Interviewer: uh. Yung sinabi niyo po na, inaaway ka nila pano niyo po idescribe yung
parang response nila?
Participant 1: yun, yung minsan na di naming pinagkaintindihan, yung executive
order na bawal sila na lumabas-labas, bawal makipag-kwentuhan na hindi gamit ang
face mask. Ineexplain naming sakanila. Nung bandang huli na-ano din nila syempre
dun sa executive order na hindi naman lahat ng mga tao eh maintindihan kung ano yun
diba. So yun iexplain naming sakanila kung ano yun, kung anong nandoon sa executive
64
order. Eh nung Narealize nila na ganun pala yun. So yun nakipagsorry-sorry sila sa
amin.
Interviewer: bago sila nagsorry-sorry pano yung response nila sainyo? Ano yung
attitude nila?
Participant 1: wala eh parang inilabag daw naming yung karapatan nila . sabi ko
naman, hindi naming nilalabag yan. Tapos kakasuhan daw kami. Eh sabi namin, sige
kakasuhan niyo kami, mapy pinanghahawakan naman kami, may executive order
naman kami na pinanghahawakan. Yun narealize ata nila. Lasi sabi nila eh “kasi
ma’am, di naming naiintindihan yung kuwan. Meron kaming di naiintindihan sa
executive order” ayun binasa ko sakanila paramaintindihan nila. Bandang huli nag-ano
din sila, nag-sorry
Interviewer: paano sila nagsorry sainyo?
Participant 1: nung pagbalik naming, nagmonitor uli kami tapos yun “ Ma’am, sorry
pala dun sa ginawa naming. Pasensya na alam mo naman na di namin masyadong
maintindihan yung sinasabi niyo”.
O sige, okay na. meron talagang ganyan. Eh alam mo naman na, syempre kung ganun
na naka-quarantine ka, parang iritable ka kasi ikaw lang. yung parang solo diba? So
kailangan din nila yung ganun. Narealize din naming na pag-ganun na nandoon sila sa
covid ward eh dapat wag mo silang ano, kumbaga eh kung anong sasabihin nila eh
isupport mo nalang, wag mo nang ikontra kasi eh maintindihan mo rin yung feelings
ng naquarantine. ganun
Interviewer: paano niyo-idescribe yung pag-wowork at pagsisilbi sa mga covid-19
patients sa facility?
Participant 1: ano parang kung minsan eh…
Interviewer: paano niyo siya napipicture?
Participant 1: yung pagcacare mo sakanila?
Interviewer: parang kung ikaw eh diba nandoon ka, kung ipipicture mo yun, paano mo
i-eexplain yung mga nagaganap doon? Kamusta ka? Kamusta sila? Paano mo siya
idescribe yung situwasyon niyo?
Participant 1: kung minsan eh parang naaawa ka rin sakanila kasi syempre. Sila yung
nahiwalay sa pamilya nila. Tapos malay mo kung ano yung pasyente nay un eh siya
yung bread winner. Diba? Saan kukuha yun ano pamilya niya. Kaya kung minsan
naaawa ka rin sakanila. Pero kung minsan eh naiintindihan naman nila kung sabihin
din naming, “ oh sige kung uuwi ka kawawa yung pamilya mo, kasi mahawa din sila sa
sakit mo, aya pagpasensyahan mo nalang kung dito ka kasi tama na yung ikaw na yung
65
nagkaroon ng sakit yung ano lang naman naming, eh fourteen(14) days lang naman
yan, tiis-tiis lang.”
Interviewer: parang pinapagaan niyo ang loob nila
Participant 1:pinapagaan. oo
Interviewer: pinapapagaan niyo ang loob nila para hindi sila parang magpanic
Participant 1:oo ganun yun
Interviewer: ang nakikita ko sa ginagawa niyo, kanina pa nung sinasabi mo na parang
yung sarili mo inilalagay mo isinusuot mo sakanila. Yung sapatos nila sinasakyan o
isinusuot niyo para maintindihan niyo sila.
Next question Na po tayo Ma’am. What are the challenges in your work? Yung
challenging sayo, yung nagpasubok sa iyo? Diba nga sa pandemyang ito may naririnig
rinig tayo sa news na may mga challenges na hinaharap yung mga frontliners natin,
“hala ang init init ng ano”, tapos syempre yung pamilya. Ano naman po yung sainyo.
Yung mga pagsubok niyo kasi hindi natin maiiwasan na yung pandemyang ito hindi
lang puro saya saya syempre talagang pandemya nga. Mahirap talaga. So ano po yung
mga mahihirap na karanasan ninyo in which nagpasubok sainyo sa kakayahan ninyo
bilang isang magiting na registered midwife?
Participant 1: mahirap yung magconvince ka na magpabakuna sila. Yun ang mahirap
kasi andami moing ano eh andami mong iexplain sakanila hindi parin nila ano,
talagang hindi parin nila maintindihan. So ang ano ko, yung paano. Ipinusta ko yung
lisensya ko kasi ayaw nga nila eh yung magpabakuna kasi baka daw mamamatay sila.
Tapos eh sabi ko naman “hindi naman kami nandito kung ano”. Syempre diba nung
mabakunaan na sila sabihan mo sila kung ano yung kailangan ng clarification. Paano
daw kung mamamatay sila kasi andami daw nalang naririnig na ganito ganyan. Sabi ko
naman “alam niyo hindi kami andito naibuwis yung aming trabaho naming kasi
pagmamamatay kayo diyan sa bakuna nay an, kasalanan din naming yan. Kaya
pinupusta yung mga lisensya namin.”
Interviewer: sa papaanong paraan niyo ipinupusta yung lisensya niyo?
Participant 1: sasabihin naming na pwede kaming tatanggalin sa pagkamidwife kung
yang mga bakuna na yan eh hindi pwede. At saka hindi naming sinasayang yung oras
naming sa inyo na magconvince kung itong bakuna na ito eh ikakamatay ninyo. At
saka, kami na yung mabakunahan yung ano yung sa healthworker parang na ano na
ako dun, diba sa ano eh sa iba eh ang ganda naman ng bakuna. Andyan na yung bakuna
lah takot na ako nun nung narinig ko yung ano sa astrazeneca. Kasi pinagpili kami
Interviewer: ano po ba yung narinig niyo tungkol sa astrazeneca?
66
Participant 1: na magblood clot ka daw.ganun. eh diba yung eh first na ano bakuna

noon eh sinovac na ioffer sa mga healthworkers eh nag-hindi ako kasi sabi nila hindi
daw maganda yung sinovac. Tapos sabi naman nila eh magstra. Mag-astrazeneca kasi
maganda raw yang astrazeneca. Hinintay ko yung astra. Tapos nung natapos kaming
injectan ng astra. Here comes the ano, yung ano niya. Andami mon naririnig na may
namatay. Alam mo noon eh kuwan hindi ako makatulog kasi eh iniisip ko kung
itutuloy ko pa ba yung pagpabakuna ko? Tapos yun tinatanong naming kay ano kasi
parang dun sa sinovac eh wala siyang ano, wala kang masyadong maramdaman
Interviewer: side effect?
Participant 1: oo. Side effect pero nun nag-astra na ako, ayun andami kong
naramdamang side-effect. Kaya alam mo nun saka lang ako nag-isip kasi talagang
ayaw ko na nun na magpa-ano magpasecond dose pero sabi naman ng mga kasamahan
ko, sige na mommy iano na natin. Pero dalawa kami yan, ayaw naming sana
Interviewer: ano po yung mga naranasan niyo noon ma’am na side effects nung
bakuna?
Participant 1: yun, yung naghihina ka, parang gutom naa gutom ka, ang sakit ng
katawan mo. Nagkarashes ako
Interviewer: paano niyo po hinandle yung situation nay un?
Participant 1: dun sa naranasan ko na yan. Nagtake nalang ako ng kuwan. Tapos
inisip ko rin dun sa mga kasamahan ko kung ganun din ang nararamdaman nila, ganun
din yung epekto ng bakuna. Pareho lang pala kaya hindi ako nag-isip na ano kasi may
kasama pala ako na ganun din yung naramdaman
Interviewer: parang na-uplift ka kasi di ka nag-iisa
Participant 1: oo naup-lift ako. Di ako nagiisa. Yung mga kasamahan ko pala eh
ganun din yung naranasan
Interviewer: ano pong kulay nung rashes?
Participant 1: reddish siya
Interviewer: di naman brown?
Participant 1: tsaka di naman siya nangangati
Interviewer: ano pa po yung mga challenges ninyo Ma’am ngayong COVID-19
pandemic? Sa facility po
Participant 1: yung mag 24hrs. duty kami. 24/7 nasubukan naming yan.
Interviewer: pano po yung hirap doon?
Participant 1: ang hirap nun pag may manganganak na madami. Syempre eh hindi ka
na productive sa next day. Kasi ikaw na yung nandiyan 24/7 from Monday to saturday
67
Interviewer: pati Sunday po nagtratrabaho kayo?

Participant 1: oo
Interviewer: so magpapaanak kayo dito. Yun po yung regular natrinatrabaho niyo.
Tapos magtratrabaho pa po kayo dun sa facility?
Participant 1: hindi naman. Tumutulong lang kami. Dun sa kung sino yung mga
contact ng mga pasyente
Interviewer: regular din po ba kayo dun?
Participant 1: hindi naman. Kung nandito sila . yun. Kase tinutulungan naming sila
Interviewer: may assignment talaga kayo dun? Or parang voluntary work lang?
Participant 1: oo voluntary lang kami
Interviewer: next question po tayo Ma’am. How will you describe the management
you made in this pandemic? Yung management po. Parang solution. diba nga may mga
mahihirap na difficulties paano po natin sinulusyunan etong mga hirap na ito. for
example yung dun sa covid facility. Ano po yung mga challenges dun Ma’am?
Participant 1: meron yung mga nagpapaswab na sabihin mo na 2:30 sila pupunta
tapos pupunta sila ng dis-oras. Kung minsan eh nakikipag-ano ka na
Interviewer: ano yung impact ng dis-oras na napagpunta nila?
Participant 1: syempre kung naka-PPE ka ng alas-dos darating yung patiente mo ng
alas-kwatro edi saan ka na?
Interviewer: meaning to say po. All the time po naka-PPE kayo?
Participant 1:hindi naman kami yung kuwan dun. Ang mostly kasing naghahandle
diyan yung mga narse tinutulungan lang naming sila syempre kung sa ganun na
situation nila parang naaawa ka rin diba? Edi minsan ako pa yung magipag-ano dun sa
pasyente na “oh bakit ganito ang oras niyo na ano?” ganun. Ako na yung tumutulong
sa kanila na mag-explain kasi kitang-kita mo na yung pagod nila eh na parang kung
pwede eh gusto na nalang gumive up. Kase biruin mo yung nakaPPE ka ng alas-dose
tapos pupunta yung pasyente mo ng alas kwatro eh ang init-init.
Interviewer: so all the time po naka-PPE?
Participant 1:oo
Interviewer: paano niyo yun sinolusyonan?
Participant 1:yun sinasabihan naming yung pasyente na kung oras din ng sinabihan na
maswab eh pupunta sila on time kase intindihin naman nila yung mga healthworkers
nan aka-PPE ng ilang oras. Naghihintay, ang init-init at saka di lang sila yung
inaatupag mo. Pero minsan lang naman nangyari yung ganun
68
Interviewer: so next question nap o Ma’am. How is your physical wellbeing? Ngayon
po Ma’am? Kamusta pa yung pisikal na pangangatawan niyo Ma’am?
Participant 1: okay lang naman. Pero kung minsan napapagod na rin. Pero hindi ka
pwedeng magrest kasi kailangan ka nila. Diba parang naiiyak na ako. Kasi lalo ako
may hawak akong isang program sa nutrition kaya kung minsan eh di ko na ma-enjoy
yung day-off ko. Kasi yung day-off ko dun sa nutrition
Interviewer: may time po ban a susuko na po kayo?
Participant 1: kung minsan. Sa salita lang. parang ayaw ko na. kung pwede lang sana
10 years na magretire eh gugustuhin ko na wala naman na akong kuwan.
Tapos sabi naman nila sakin eh, o sige magretire daw ako pero kokonti aw yung
retirement pay. Pero alam mo na sinasabi ko lang yun pag mahirap na yng trabaho mo
Interviewer: pag sabay-sabay na?
Participant 1: oo. Kung minsan eh ganun na yung naiisip ko na “hay ayoko na” wala
naman na akong aatupagin. Ganun ako kung minsan
Interviewer: paano yung kalusugan niyo ngayon Ma’am?
Participant 1:okay lang naman
Interviewer:wala namang ano? Okay lang talaga?
Participant 1: oo pero di mo rin maiwasan na magkasakit. May nararamdaman ka
Interviewer: ano po yung nararamaman niyo? Yung mga nararamdaman niyo po ba eh
resulta ng pagtrabaho sa facility?
Participant 1: hindi. Hindi naman siguro
Interviewer: yung pagtulong niyo naman po hindi naman nakaka..?
Participant 1:hindi naman. Syempre yung pagod mo sa magreport ka tapos dito ka sa
RHU. Kung minsan eh hindi mo na naiisip yung iba mong report. Marami kang
trabaho
Interviewer: kamusta naman po yung mental health niyo Ma’am?
Participant 1: okay lang naman. Pero kung minsan eh ulyanin. Pero hindi sa trabaho.
Pag nasabahay ko eh yan. Pag may pinapabantay sa akin
Interviewer: kasi ang isip niyo siguro eh nanditio sa trabaho. Pero okay po naman
kayo?
Participant 1: okay naman.
Interviewer: Hindi naman po kayo pinapagalitan? Ano pa po yung mental status niyo
ngayon? Paano niyo idescribe yung pagka okay?
69
Participant 1: okay siya kasi yung mga trabaho ko natutugunan ko parin. Maganda
parin yung relationship namin sa mga pasyente eh syempre kung wala na yung pasensy
mo edi mainit na ulo mo sa pasyente
Interviewer: paano niyo po ina-outlook yun po? Paano niyo tinitignan po?
Participant 1: parang kuwan eh parang bumalik balik yung problema ganun? Parang
walang hangganan
- End of interview -
Participant 2
Interview time: 35 minutes and 22 seconds
Interviewer: Ma’am Ano po yung full name niyo?
Participant 2: R****e A. L*****a
Interviewer: Ano po yung extension Name niyo Ma’am?
Participant 2: RN
Interviewer: Ano po yung specific job niyo po na nadesignate sainyo sa quarantine
facility?
Participant 2: Actually under ano kami, Nurse deployment program ng region 2 so
ngayon naka-under kami sa LGU Rizal kasi dito kami na-assign. Registered Nurse
kami. Ever since the start of pandemic naging role an function naming is to monitor
yung mga PUMs natin or Persons under montoring at tsaka yung mga patients natin na
nagpopositive sa covid-19 with mild to moderate symptoms
Interviewer: kamusta naman po yung pagmomonitor niyo sa mga pasyente niyo po at
Persons under monitoring?
Participant 2: nung umpisa kase ng lockdown naten nung march. At first sobrang
challenging samin na nurses. Nasanay kami sa routine duties naming na magbigay ng
routine immunizations sa mga bata, pre-natal check up for the pregnant, visit, profiling
namin at mga services na rinerender namin tulad ng family planning community at
counselling. So very challenging samin yung maging nurse sa pandemic kasi nga since
nagstart na maglockdown nung march nagstart kami magmonitor ng mga patient na
kinconsider na patient under monitoring or yung mga suspect na mga patient na
nanggagaling outside sa boundary ng Cagayan kasi nga since nung nagstart
nagiincrease na ang cases ng COVID 19 sa manila kailangan sa bawat boundaries ng
Cagayan may kanya-kanyang check point tapos dapat lahat din nung mga binabato din
ng PNP personnels na nasacheck point natin kailangan daily namomonitor namin yung
mga temperature nila, anything na signs and symptoms nila na related sa COVID 19.
So ang naging challenge sa amin is yung transportation specifically kase tulad
nga natin, yung location dito sa Rizal, hindi naman lagging available yung
70
transportation natin. Nahati kasi kami sa three teams. So yung team namin is team one
BHERT-one
Interviewer: ano po yun?
Participant 2: BHERTS. Barangay Health Emergency Response Team. Yun ang
tawag sa amin kasi kinoconsist siya ng Barangay Captain, Midwife assigned na
permanent, and kaming NBP and the BHW and the BNS. Actually Kami talaga yung
may role na pagmonitor dun sa mga LSI o locally stranded Individuals na umuwi from
NCR o area outside Cagayan na. so yun naging challenge sa amin yung transportation
in terms na ilang barangay ang hinahandle namin.
Interviewer: kindly expound po yung BHERTS
Participant 2: yung sinasabi nga naming barangay health emergency response team
kase parang sila yung incharge sa pagmomonitor kapag may dumarating na mga tao na
nanggaling sa o may travel history sa NCR specifically, kase mostly yun ang
madaming LSI namin o locally stranded individuals na nanggagaling kase diba sa
Manila o NCR nga part yun ang maraming cases ng COVID 19 so yun talaga yung
binabantayan natin.
So kapag may dumarating na mga LIS or yung locally stranded individuals nga.
Kapag barangay captain ang nakamonitor or kung un sa checkpoint palang
namomonitor na nila binabato na nila sa amin yung mga names nila sa area then
pinupuntahan namin sa barangay nay un at hahanapin yung bahay nila then ichecheck
namin sila for temperature, kung healthy sila or hinde kase once na nagkaroon sila ng
symptoms related to covid, kailangan namin silang i-isolate and then kailangan naming
bilangin from the date kung kalian sila dumating from 5-8 days to undergo RTPCR test
para malaman natin kung infected sila ng COVID-19 o hinde
Interviewer: un po sa pagvisit niyo po sa kanila kamusta po ito sainyo?
Participant 2: Actually nung una,mahirap. Kasi nga in terms of transportation yun ang
pinakaproblema namin. Pero kinakaya namin. Tinatry namin minsan na nilalakad,
minsan nakikisakay. Pero minsan natatakot sila sa amin kasi nga healthworkers kami.
So minsan pasensya tsaka syempre call of duty. Kailangan paring iattend. So yun, kung
minsan okay yung mga pasyente natin tinatanggap naman nila kami ng maayos.
Minsan hesitant sila. nagdedeny sila na hindi sila galing sa Manila or NCR or
anywhere na outside Cagayan, kaya minsan ay nahihirapan kami.
Interviewer: doon po sa ano nabanggit niyo po na natatakot yung mga pasyente.
Paano niyo po i-describe yung responses nung mga tao po sa inyo?
Participant 2: syempre hindi maiiwasan na matakot yung tao. Kung iisipin mo kami
talaga yung super exposed sa mga LSI, yung mga pumupunta dun sa ibang lugar
outside sa Cagayan. So talagang natatakot sila sa amin. Kunwari papara kami ng
tricycle para man lang sana makasakay or anything paramapadali ang monitoring
namin para di naman namin ma-consume yung whole day para mag-momonitor ng six
to seven barangays, per day kase kami. Yun natatakot talaga sila sa amin. Minsan kahit
71
pinapara namin eh dirediretso lang sila. Tapos di rin naman parati nandiyan yung
transportation natin sa MHO kasi nga dadalawa lang yung ganyan natin. Lalo na kapag
may emergency tayo di din nila ma-aacomodate lahat diyan ng nurses na
nagmomonitor. So yun nga kailangan lang pasensya. Lakad-lakad lang
Interviewer: bukod po sa paglalakad ninyo, ano pa po yung other na paraan ninyo to
manage yung problema niyo in transportation
Participant 2: actually kung di natalaga kaya yung the whole Day at marami pa. kasi
nung time nung start ng pandemic, super dami ng umuuwi, so minsan unuutilize namin
yung BNH natin sa barangay tinatawagan namin sila, then iniistruct namin to interview
the LSI at icheck yung mga papers nila kung nasaan nga ba talaga sila galing. Chineck
din ang ganilang mga temperature tsaka mga symptoms kung meron mang mga related
symptoms sa COVID-19. Tapos nagsikap narin kaming matutong magdrive. Kailangan
ng pasensya talaga
Interviewer: nabanggit niyo po kanina na kung minsan yung mga iniiterview niyo po
yung mga patient hesitant sila. Paano niyo poi to sinosolutionan? Paano niyo palabasin
yung katotohanan?
Participant 2: actually madali lang naman siya ang rizal ang bawat barangay captain
ay kilala nila ang mga constituents nila, kung di namin sila makuha sa magandang
usapan, ina-outsource talaga namin yung pagvalidate ng data kay barangay captain. So
iniinform namin si barangay captain na si ganito ganyan ay taga-dito ba? Kung matagal
na ba siyang nag-iistay dito, kinokonfirm nila kung saan sila galing. So sinasama na
namin si capt. na maginterview, sinasabi naman talaga nila na LSI sila. Takot lang
silang maquarantine at ma-judge ng mga kapit bahay
Interviewer: doon po sa work niyo sa quarantine facility, syempre kapag naging
positive na sila, paano po nagwowork yung flow ninyo?
Participant 2: actually pag naririnig niyo parang madali lang ihandle yung situation
pero pag nandoon ka na sa point na, nakaduty ka na tapos may magpopositive, alam
mo yung ang tagal na naming nagduduty tapos may magpopositive nandiyan yung
kaba, yung takot namin during the duty kasi di namin alam kung anong ieexpect sa
patient kasi iba iba yung patient na nahahandle namin. Minsan yung pasyente namin
sobrang weak, emotionally at tsaka physically so hindi lang yung physical aspect ang
rinerenderan namin ng service, minsan kailangan din naming iboost yung self-
confidence nila, kailangan namin silang i-cheer na kailangan nalang mag-cope,
kailangan nilang tanggapin na nandun na sila sa situation na yun, kasi nga walang
maitutulong sa sitwasyon nila kung magiging depressed sila or magiging malingkot
sila on the situation na magiging positive sila. Ineexplain namin na bababa ang
immune system nila at hindi ito makakatulong ng mabuti sa kanila.
Interviewer: so parang pinapagaan niyo po yung loob nila through talking with them
and through caring for them. Ganun po ba?
72
Participant 2: more on ano kasi talaga. Yung ain, yung experience ko sa almost 2
years na sa pandemic tayo, actually yung mga symptomatic na patients natin you can
cure them talaga through medications, pero not medication lang. dapat talaga as a
nurse nga diba, tinuturo sa amin yung therapeutic communication with the patients
kahit sobrang annoying na or sobrang depressed na depressed na, kahit umiiyak na
yung patient sayo kailangan mong ipakita sa patient na firm ka, na strong ka para ikaw
yung panghuhugutan nila ng lakas ng loob to overcome yung experience nila na
positive sila sa COVID 19. At wag nating ipapakita na natatakot ka sakanila. Kahit
may fear ka nga on your duty “what if mahawa ako” “may family ako, may mga anak
ako, what if maiuwi ko” wag na wag mong ipapakita yung fear mo sakanila, na
natatakot ka to handle them kasi mas magiging mahirap yung sitwasyon pagpinakita
mo na takot ka sakanila. Mas maganda kung yung approach mo sakanila is holistically
talaga. Ipapafeel mo sakanila na tanggap mo sila, na kahit positive patient sila tanggap
mo sila, para maregain nila yung streth nila para maka-recover agad.
Interviewer: napakaganda naman po. Ang ganda po kung paano niyo i-take good care
yung mga patient kasi kailangan totality. But, how about you? kamusta naman po
kayo? If there is a therapeutic communication sa kanila. Ano naman po yung therapy
na ginagawa niyo para sa inyo? Kasi nabanggit niyo “paano kung mahawaan yung
pamilya ko”so parang nagpapanic ka ata, nagwoworry. Paano niyo minamanage?
Participant 2: actually nung una, kasi kami yung first team ni Ma’am Ca** To handle
a mild to moderate symptoms sa TTMS natin sa Rizal o yung temporary treatment ng
management facility natin dito sa Rizal. So at first nakakakaba. Pero kasi isa yung
father ko sa na-handle namin na positive, yung anxiety sa akin, yung takot ko doble
pero yun nga I need to be firm and strong. Kailangan kong isecure yung feelings ng
tatay ko, na sa aking lang siya humuhugot ng lakas para sa duration ng kanyang
quarantine na fourteen days maging asymptomatic siya. Atleast kahit papano
tinatawagan ko lagi kong kinakamusta lagi ko siyang kinakausap to alleviate yung
anxiety niya, yung fear niya sa swabbing lagi ko nalang ineexplain. Ayun lucky parin
kasi nakarecover yung father ko at asymptomatic siya all throughout. Sobrang thankful
parin. Alam mo nung since ganun yung nangyari, yung father ko isa dun sa nagpositive
parang all throughout na, yung mga patient ko na nagpopositive after that situation
iniisip ko nan a what if itong patient na ito family member ko, yung gusto ko lahat ng
pasyente maitreat sila ng maayos, at tsaka yung total care talaga na yung di nila
mafifeel na parang nandidiri kami sa kanila at natatakot kami sakanila, na nag-iisa sila.
Interviewer: you treat them as a family?
Participant 2: oo you treat them as a family, para sa akin mas Malaki siyang impact na
if you love your job yun nga kailangan gawin mo siya as if yun talaga yung basic truth
mo. Na dahil sa job na toh sa work namin, sa call of duty, yung passion namin eto
talaga yung calling namin, so kailangan gawin namin ng mabuti, I mean makadeliver
ng services na deserve ng bawat pasyente namin diba, mapa-pamilya mo siya o hinde.
73
Interviewer: bukod po sa paghandle niyo po sa mga positive patients. Ano po yung

other challenges niyo po sa profession niyo in the span of the pandemic?
Participant 2: challenges sa amin? First, syempre as a pamilyadong tao, nalilimit yung
time namin, yung interaction namin dito, dahil din nga sa duty namin. At tsaka yung
pangbubully, yung pangjujudge ng ibang tao kasi parang nadedescriminate kami na,
oo nga kami, naeexpose kami sa mga positive patients, kinoconsier na kami na “ay
wag kang lalapit diyan, may virus yan” parang ganun. Pinandidirian din kami, which is
ang sakit sa part namin, kasi diba we’re just doing our job, we are giving the right
services to the patients tapos at the end of the ay meron paring mga ibang tao na
ijujudge ka.
Interviewer: paano niyo po idedescribe yung feelings nyo po despite sa mga responses
nila?
Participant 2: at first ano, sobrang disappointed, parang ganun. Sobrang disappointed
kasi nga despite doing all your effort, your everything. tapos ganun parin. Parang
minsan kulang parin para sa kanila. Kasi nga diba, “you cannot please everyone”
parang kulang parin yung services na binibigay mo.
Minsan nakakadepress talaga. Pero, yun nga siguro nakakatulong yung pagiging
optimistic ko sa buhay at lagi kong tinitignan yung brighter side ng situation, kung
minsan dinededma nalang ang negative vibes, di nalang pinapansin. Lagi nalang focus
on the trabaho, of course kailangan may presence of mind. Oo, at tsaka yun laging
iisipin ang calling at trabaho namin.
Interviewer: despite po sa pagiging optimistic niyo, ano pa yung ibang way niyo, diba
po nadescriminate kayo, paano niyo po hinahandle yung sarili niyo despite sa pagiging
optimistic, ano pa po yung mga ways na ginagawa ninyo?
Participant 2: always na pinapakita namin sakanila na kahit sobrang discriminated na
kami, kahit sobrang pagod na sa trabaho, taas noo parin. Pagka tapos ng duty taas noo
parin. Lagi paring nasa isip namin na, nakagawa kami ng mabuti sa ibang tao. Sinasa-
Diyos nalang namin minsan kahit naiimbyerna na kami, kahit gigil na kami.
Ano kase, parang nagiging balanced kasi yung team namin ni Ma’am Hi****z, minsan
madali din akong magigigil, pagka napapansin ko na nagla-lie low siya, magla-lie low
din ako. So, lagi nilang iniisip na maging therapeutic sa mga tao kahit gigil ka na sa
loob kailangan paring maging therapeutic ka outwards kasi nga yun yung pinaka heart
ng trabaho mo. Yung maging therapeutic kahit sila hindi na. ganun siya
Interviewer: yung mga grumaduate po sa mga Quarantine, ano nap o yung mga
responses nila sainyo ngayon?
Participant 2: actually very thankful kami, sa duration ng duty namin for almost two
years, wala pa naman kaming na encounter na negative na feedback sa duty namin.
Alam mo yung tipo na, Minsan. diba sabi nga nila bawal tumanggap ng anything from
the patient, kunwari recovered na sila at alam nga niilang nakaisolate kami, minsan
binibigyan kami ng food, parang yun yung thanks giving nila. Sobrang saya kasi, yung
74
pagod mo na aaapreciate ka din pala nila kahit feeling mo parang hindi mo naibigay
yung best mo, yun pala may impact ka din pala sa situation nila na nakalagyan nila
noon, na naging positive sila. Alam mo yun? Yung super happy ka.
And di ka naman nageexpect ng anything in return pero yun nga, magugulat ka nalang
maaalala ka nila, magtetext or tatawag sasabihin na thankful sila. Nagthathank you,
atleast na appreciate nila yung ano namin, effort. Pero yung iba rin minsan parang
kulang, pero okay na din yun.
Interviewer: masaya po ako na narerelieved po kayo at madaming nagaappreciate sa
mga gawa po ninyo which is really noble. Kami pa nga na estudyante palang eh noble
na agad yan. You are our heroes’ talaga. So nabanggit niyo po Ma’am na doon sa
nagla-lie low si Ma’am K** ay magla-lie low ka na din kahit na ano at the height of
temper and anger ka na, paano niyo po idescribe yung impact ng mga kasasma niyo po
sa inyo sa profession niyo po?``
Participant 2: pag may kasama ka talaga, kailangan eh talagang teamwork at
collaboration kapag natratrabaho. So hindi lang pwedeng for me ikaw lang ang
masusunod. So kapag alam mo na medyo ano sa mga kasamahan mo kailangan mag
adjust ka pa rin, parang ganun. So tulungan parin kami. Kapag alam namin na pagod
na yung isa, gagawin nalang muna nung isa kung kaya pa. so give and take lang talaga
yung duty namin ni Ma’am K** and yun nga kasi parang medyo opposite kaming
dalawa. Manageable naman yung temper ko kasi hindi din napapansin ng pasyente di
rin nakikita through facial expression kasi through phone call lahat. Thankful din ako
na super understanding ng partner ko. Kailangan ko ding ihold yung emotions ko, yung
pressure sa akin, yung gigil sa akin para maging pantay lang kami ng mood ni Ma’am.
Interviewer: last question na lang po ma’am. Ngayon po, kamusta po kayo ngayon?
Participant 2: okay na okay naman, besides dun sa namimiss ko yung family ko, yung
mga anak ko. Kadi may anak ako na dalawa pero nasanay naman na sila sa set up na
ganito, yung video call nalang. Lagi nalang nagprapray kay lord. Kasi nga sabi nila
Nothing’s impossible with god. Yun nga na kagi kaming iguide, na safe kami, na hindi
kami makakuha ng sakit after duty kasi nga kawawa yung family namin, of course
syempre ayaw namin sila magkasakit. Alam mo yung tipong bigay na kaming lahat sa
duty basta kami healthy with the family. Okay na kahit ano man yung mafeel namin
keri na. ready nang tiisin basta para sa family.
Interviewer: napakaganda po ng wishes niyo. Kasi kahit di ko naman po talaga
nakikita alam kong napakahirap yung sitwasyon niyo. Pasensya lang po apra makauwi
rin tayo.
Participant 2: naniniwala rin ako na pag you enjoy your work diba kahit sobrang
pagod talaga matutuwa ka
Interviewer: sana pareho kayo ni Ma’am K** na makauwi na sainyong mga pamilya.
Matatapos din yan just enjoy your each and every day. Don’t worry God will always
75
be with you po. Thank you kasi pinaunlakan niyo po yung interview namin sa inyo.
Marami po kaming natutunan sainyo.
- End of Interview -
76
Where is the coding for your responses? That is raw data that should go here in a
separate appendix.
Appendix D
CURRICULUM VITAE
#21 Pina Street Pengue-Ruyu

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Mobile Number: 09068051977
Email Address: rizielfaithbulauan@gmail.com
Name: Riziel Faith Tagoc Bulauan
______________________________________________________________
________
PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: July 17,1999

Place Birth: Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Civil status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Baptist
Father’s Name: Melegrito Ariel Bulauan
Mother’s Name: Marissa Bulauan
______________________________________________________________
_______
EDUCATION BACKGROUND
77
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science

Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
2021-2022
Secondary: Cagayan National High School

2017-2018
With Honors
Primary: Pengue-Ruyu Elementary School

2011-2012
First Honor
Awards Received:
Best Thesis
Intern of the Year
Personal Traits:
• Sensitive and easy to deal with
• Persevering and Hardworking
• Humble
• Honest and punctual
• God-fearing
Skills
• Using Office Productivity Tool
• Public Speaking
• Computer Literate
78
• Can work Under Pressure
Work Experience
• Student Clinical Internship
Cagayan Valley Medical Center
Divine Mercy Wellness Center
2022
Character Reference
Julius T. Capili
University Dean-Cagayan State University
09771727377
Jack M. Regala
Department Chair-Cagayan State University
09989796095
______________________________________________________________
________
I hereby declare that all of the information above is correct to the best of a
knowledge and belief.
79
Riziel Faith T. Bulauan

rizielfaithbulauan@gmail.com
+639554997549
#43 Zone 5, Carig Norte

Email Address: joanasales1999@gmail.com
Name: Joana Marie S. Sales
______________________________________________________________
________
PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: June 25,1999

Place Birth: Quezon City, Philippines
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Fernando B. Sales
Mother’s Name: Hilda S. Sales
______________________________________________________________
_______

2021-2022
80
Secondary: Cagayan National High School

2012-2018
With Honors
Primary: Tuguegarao West Central Elementary School

2011-2012
Second Honor
Awards Received:
Leadership award
Best Thesis
Intern of the Year
Personal Traits:
 Trustworthy
 Humble
 God-fearing
 Family oriented
Skills
• Using Office Productivity Tool
• Public Speaking
• Computer Literate
• Can work Under Pressure
Work Experience
Veterans Memorial Medical Center
Manila, Philippines
81

2022
Character Reference
Juluis T. Capili
09771727377
Jack M. Regala
09989796095
______________________________________________________________
________
Joana Marie S. Sales

Joanasales1999@gmail.com
+639 6584 99591
82
#150 Zone 2, Tallungan

Aparri, Cagayan
Email Address: Gwynett.siriban@gmail.com
Name: Nicole Gwynett V. Siriban
______________________________________________________________
________
PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: June 13 2000

Place Birth: Pasay City, Philippines
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Nemesio B. Rosal
Mother’s Name: Gina S. Rosal
______________________________________________________________
_______

2021-2022
Secondary: Lyceum of Aparri

Aparri, Cagayan
83
2012-2018
With Honors
Primary: Lyceum of Aparri

Aparri, Cagayan
2011-2012
Socio-cultural award
Awards Received:
Leadership award
Best Thesis
Intern of the Year
Personal Traits:
 Trustworthy
 Humble
 God-fearing
 Family oriented
Work Experience
• Student On the Job Training
Aparri Municipal Hospital
Toran, Aparri, Cagayan
Lyceum Hospital
Macanaya, Aparri, Cagayan
201-2018
Character Reference
Juluis T. Capili
09771727377
84
Jack M. Regala
09989796095
______________________________________________________________
________
Nicole Gwynett V. Siriban

Gwynett.siriban@gmail.com
+639 61378 3111
85
Purok 2, Accusilian
Tuao, Cagayan
Email Address: talozaymedrano@gmail.com
Name: Darwin Josua Medrano Taloza
______________________________________________________________
PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: July 28 2000

Place Birth: Cagayan Valley Medical Center
Religion: Protestant (Methodist)
Father’s Name: Marcos Padamada Taloza
Mother’s Name: Maricon Medrano Taloza
______________________________________________________________

2021-2022
Secondary: John Wesley College

2012-2018
With Honors
86
Primary: Cagumitan Elementary School

Tuao, Cagayan
2006-2012
3rd Honorable Mention
Awards Received:
Best in Immersion Award
3rd place Oratorical Speech (2016-2017)
2nd place Extemporaneous Speech (2016-2017)
1st place Extemporaneous Speech (2017-2018)
Personal Traits:
 Trustworthiness
 Humble
 Patient
 Kind
 God-fearing
Work Experience
 Immersion Experience at People’s General Hospital
2018
Character Reference
Juluis T. Capili
09771727377
87
Name: Sharmaine Uberita Ulibas
#118 Provincial Road, Mabuttal West,

Ballesteros, Cagayan
______________________________________________________________
________
PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: March 30, 2000

Place Birth: Mabuttal West, Ballesteros, Cagayan
Religion: Aglipay
Father’s Name: Delmer P. Ulibas
Mother’s Name: Isabelita U. Ulibas
______________________________________________________________
_______

2021-2022
Secondary: Ballesteros National High School

88
2017-2018
With Honors
Primary: Mabuttal Elementary School

2011-2012
9th Honor
Personal Traits:
• Honest and Thoughtful
• Hardworking
• Humble
• God-fearing
• Trustworthy
• Respectful and Caring
Skills
• Computer skills
• Strong work ethic
• Written communications skills
• Active listening
• Interpersonal skills
Work Experience
• Work immersion
Ballesteros District Hospital
2018
89

2022
Character Reference
Juluis T. Capili
09771727377
Jack M. Regala
09989796095
______________________________________________________________
________
Sharmaine U. Ulibas
sharmainekculibas@gmail.com
+639452043455
90

Kiwigi Entre Kiwanan: A Phenomenological Study

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Cagayan State University College of Allied Health Sciences

“A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY ON RURAL HEALTH WORKERS

An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal

This Research entitled “A Phenomenological Study on Rural Health

Workers Active Role during Covid-19 Pandemic”prepared and submitted by Riziel

to Medical Laboratory Science Research for the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Date: August 02, 2021 ROXANNE SABRINA C. RAMIREZ

GINA M. ZAMORA RMT,MPA,MST CATHERINE FUGABAN.

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bachelor of

Date: August 28, 2021 MA’AM DORINA M. SABATIN RMT,

the realization of this study.

To Ma’am Dorina M. Sabatin, Dean of the College of Allied Health

To Dr. Julius T. Capili, Former Dean of the College of Allied Health

To Prof. Jay Emmanuel Asuncion, research adviser, because of his

patience, support, understanding, encouragement, and commitment to share his

research knowledge and expertise.

To the esteemed rural health unit of the municipality of

their experiences in their respective fields.

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This whole section is called the LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND

1. Research Paradigm …………………………… 6

List of tables <- Fix your Title. Tables should be capitalized.

1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria………………… 26

3. Colazzi’s 7-step method………………………... 30

List of Appendices (format them similarly.)

Appendix A – Clarity & Validity Assessment & Letters

Appendix B – Research Instrument 59

Appendix C – Transcript of interviews 64

Appendix D – Curriculum vitae 78

ANNEX A – Title page 60

ANNEX B – Approval sheet 61

(Please justify the paragraphs.)

uncontrolled community transmissions. This descriptive phenomenological inquiry

facilities of Rizal, Cagayan. The participants were gathered through a purposive

work experience of 11.17 years (SD = 10.19).

successful and effective management interventions. Though trials and challenges of

health care workers tends to be manageable, reduction of stigma, conducive work

environment, and psychological interventions are more needed to improve their

services to the people.

As a theoretical framework, a study by Karimi Z et al., was utilized as a basis

experience caring for patients with COVID-19” (Karimi Z. et al., 2020).

extracting the important sentences, (4) conceptualizing important themes, (5)

categorizing the concepts and topics, (6) constructing comprehensive descriptions of

confirmability, dependability, and transferability (Lincoln & Guba, 1985).

This study employed an Interpretivist paradigm to investigate and interpret the

Pandemic. Interpretivism emphasizes social reality viewed and interpreted by the

can have multiple interpretations. By exploring richness, depth and complexity of

phenomena we can begin to develop a sense of understanding of the meanings given

Citations are BEFORE the period.

Figure 1. Research Paradigm.

how do they respond to this.

In the ‘ideal’ portion are the researchers’ presupposition. According to

Hammersley (2000) Phenomenologists, believe that the researcher cannot be detached

with the variables regarded.

same mistakes WITHOUT me having to point this out.)

Statement of the Problem

Reminder on format: LINE SPACING IS WRONG!

Specifically, the study pursued to answer the following questions: