Intermediate Algebra 7th Edition Martin Gay Solutions Manual Download

Solution Manual for Intermediate Algebra 7th edition by Martin
Gay 0134196171 9780134196176

Full download link at:
Solution manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-intermediate-algebra-7th-edition-by-
martin-gay-0134196171-9780134196176/
Test bank:
https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-intermediate-algebra-7th-edition-by-martin-gay-0134196171-
9780134196176/
Chapter 4
Section 4.1 Practice Exercises y  5x 2x  y  7
5 5(1) 2(1)  5 7
x  4 y  1 5  5 True 25 7

1. a.  2x  y  5
 7  7 True
Replace x with 3 and y with 1 in each Since (1, 5) satisfies both equations, we conclude
equation. that (1, 5) is the solution of the system.
x  4 y  1  3
y x 1
3  4(1) 1 3.  4
3  4 1 3x  4 y  12
1  1 True y
3
10 y x 1
2x  y  5 4
2(3)  (1) 5
6 1 5
5  5 True 10 x
Since (3, 1) makes both equations true, it is
a solution.

b.  4x  y  4 3x – 4y = 12
x  3y  8 The lines appear to be parallel. The first equation


is in point-slope. Write the second equation in
Replace x with 2 and y with 4 in each
point-slope form.
equation.
3x  4 y  12
4x  y  4
4 y  3x 12
4(2)  4  4 3
8  4  4 y  x 3
4  4 True 4
3
The graphs have the same slope, , but
x  3y  8 4
(2)  3(4) 8 different y-intercepts, so the lines are parallel.
2 12 8 The system has no solution.
14  8 False 
4.  3x  2 y  4
Since (2, 4) does not make both equations true, it is not a solution.

9x  6 y  12
y

3x – 2y = 4
2.  y  5x 10
2x  y  7

y y = 5x
10
10 x
(1, 5)
10 x –9x + 6y = –12
The graphs appear to be the same line. Notice
that if both sides of the first equation are
multiplied by −3, the result is the second
2x + y = 7 equation. Any solution of one equation satisfies
These lines intersect at one point as shown in the the other equation as well. There is an infinite
graph. The coordinates of the point appear to be number of solutions in the form
(1, 5). Check by replacing x with 1 and y with 5 {(x, y)|3x − 2y = 4} or
in both equations. {(x, y)|−9x + 6y = –12}.
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 149

Chapter 4: Systems of Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra
  2 4 4 5 9
5.  y  4x  7 x2  1   1     
2x  y  4  5  5 5 5 5
  
In the first equation, we are told that y is equal to  9 2
The solution is  ,  .
4x + 7, so we substitute 4x + 7 for y in the  5 5 
second equation and solve for x.  
2x  y  4 
2x  (4x  7)  4 3x  y  5
7. 
6x  7  4 5x  y  11
6x  3 We add the equations.
3 1 3x  y  5
x 
6 2 5x  y  11
1 8x  16
To find the y-coordinate, we replace x with  x2
2
in the first equation. Replace x with 2 in the second equation to find y.

y  4x  7 5x  y  11
 1 5(2)  y  11
y  4  7 10  y  11
 
 2  y 1
y  2  7  5
 1  The solution is (2, 1).
The solution is  
 
3x  2 y  6
 2 
, 5 .
8. 
 4x  5 y  8
 x y 1 We can eliminate y if we multiply both sides of
  
 the first equation by 5 and both sides of the
6.  3x 4y 21 second equation by 2.
   
 4 2 4 5(3x  2 y)  5(6)
2(4x  5 y)  2(8)
Multiply each equation by its LCD to clear 
fractions. 15x 10 y  30
  x y  1   8x 10 y  16

 12   
12   
 
  3 4   2  23x  46

x y  1  x  2
 4 
   4   
 4 2  4  To find y, replace x with 2 in either equation.
4x  3y  6 4x  5 y  8
 x  2 y  1 4(2)  5 y  8

Solve the second equation for x. 8  5 y  8

x  2 y  1 5y  0
x  2 y 1 y0
Replace x with 2y  1 in the first equation. The solution is (2, 0).
4x  3y  6
4(2 y 1)  3y  6 9.  8x yy  6
8 y  4  3y  6 2x   2
5 y  4  6  4
150 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
ISM: Intermediate Algebra Chapter 4: Systems of Equations
5 y  2 If we multiply the second equation by 4, the

2 coefficients of x will be opposites.
y  8x  y  6
5  y 
2 4 2x 
To find the x-coordinate, replace y with  in    4(2)
  4 
5 
x = 2y  1.


  8x  y  6 Vocabulary. Readiness & Video Check 4.1
 8x  y  8

 0  14 False
1. A system with no solution has lines that are
 parallel. The correct graph is B.
The system has no solution. The solution set is
 { } or . 2. A system with an infinite number of solutions
 has lines that are the same. The correct graph is
3x  2 y  1 C.
10. 
 9x  6 y  3 3. A system with solution (1, −2) has lines that
To eliminate x, we multiply both sides of the intersect at (1, −2). The correct graph is A.
first equation by 3.
3(3x  2 y)  3(1) 4. A system with solution (−3, 0) has lines that

 9x  6 y  3 intersect at (−3, 0). The correct graph is D.
 9x 66yy 33
9x 5. The ordered pair must be a solution of both
 equations of the system in order to be a solution

0  0 True of the system.
There is an infinite number of solutions. The
solution set is {(x, y)|3x + 2y = 1} or 6. If the system contains two equations in two
variables and has a single solution, this solution
{(x, y)|9x  6y = 3}.
is the intersection of two lines. An intersection
Graphing Calculator Explorations point with noninteger coordinates would be very
difficult to graph/guess correctly.
1. 10
7. Solve one equation for a variable. Next be sure
to substitute this expression for the variable into
–10 10
the other equation.
–10 8. Step 2 says to multiply one or both equations by
(2.11, 0.17) a nonzero number to get opposite coefficients on

a variable. However, once we eliminate
2. 10 fractions, the variable x already has opposite
coefficients, so we proceed to Step 3.
–10 10
Exercise Set 4.1

–10 2.  x  y  4
(1.12, 5.02) 2x 10 y  4

3. 10 x  y  4
3 1  4
–10 10 4  4 True
2x 10 y  4
–10 2(3) 10(1) 4
(0.57, 1.97) 4  4 True
Yes, (–3, 1) is a solution.
4. 10
–10 10
–10
(1.38, 1.35)
2x  5 y  2 12. 4x  y  6

4.
3x  4 y  4 
 x y  0

2x  5 y  2 y
5
2(4)  5(2)  2
2  2 True
3x  4 y  4 (2, 2)
3(4)  4(2) 4
5x
20  4 False
No, (4, 2) is not a solution.
y  6
6.  The solution is (2, 2).
x  2 y

y6 x  2 y x  3y  6
14. 
6  6 True 12  2(6) 3x  9 y  9
12  12 True y
Yes, (12, 6) is a solution of the system. 5
4x  5 y  7
8. 
8x  3y 1
4x  5 y  7 5 x
3
4  5(2)  7
 4 
 
3  (10)  7 The solution set is .
7  7 True
8x  3y 1 16. 5x  2 y  17

3  x  3y
8 3(2) 1
 
 4  Replace x with 3y in E1.
6  6 1 5(3 y)  2 y  17
6  7 False 17 y  17
3 
No, ,  2 is not a solution. y  1
4  Replace y with –1 in E2.
 
 x  3(1)  3
2x  y  8 The solution is (–3, –1).
10.  x  3y  11


y 18.  3x  y  6
4x  2 y  8
5 
Solve E1 for y: y  3x  6
(5, 2)
The solution is (5, 2).
6x

Replace y with 3x  6 in
E2.
4x  2(3x  6)  8
4x  6x 12  8
2x  4
x

2
R
e
p
l
a
c
e
x
w
i
t
h
2
i
n
E
1
.
3
(
2
)

y

6
y0

2 1 1
 5 x  5 y  1 2 2  3y  0
 
20.   
2 8 3y  1
 x  y  
 1
5 5 y
Clear fractions by multiplying each equation by 3

5. 1 1
 2x  y  5 The solution is 2 , 3 .
 
5x  2 y  8  
 
Now solve E1 for y: y = 2x  5. 26. 6x  y  5

 4x  2 y  6
Replace y with 2x  5 in E2.
5x  2(2x  5)  8 Multiply E1 by –2.
5x  4x 10  8 12x  2 y  10
x2  4x  2 y  6
Replace x with 2 in equation y = 2x  5. 
Add these equations to get 8x  16

y  2(2)  5  9
x  2.
The solution is (2, –9). Replace x with –2 in E1.
x y 6(2)  y  5
 1 12  y  5

22.  8x 2 y  7
 y2
 3 The solution is (–2, –7).
Clear fractions by multiplying E1 by 8 and E2 2 1 3
by 3. x y 
3

x  4 y  8 28. 1 4
1 2
 x  3y  6  x  y  2
  2 4
Solve E1 for x. Clear fractions by multiplying E1 by 12 and E2
x  4y 8 by 4.
Replace x with 4 y  8 in the equation x  3y = 6. 8x  3y  18

(4 y  8)  3y  6  2x  y  8
y 8  6 Multiply E2 by 3.
y  2 8x  3y  18

Replace y with –2 in equation x = 4y + 8. 6x  3y  24
x  4(2)  8  0 Add these equations to get 14x  42
The solution is (0, –2). x  3.
Replace x with –3 in the equation 2x  y = 8.
2x  3y  0
24.  2(3)  y  8
 2x  6 y  3 6  y  8
Multiply E1 by 2. 2x  6 y 
4x  6 y  0 3
2x  6 y  3

E1 + E2: 4x  6 y  0
30. y
2
T
h
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
i
s
(
–
3
,
2
)
.
6x  3y
 3
4x  5 y

 9
6x 3 Multiply E1 by 5 and E2 by 3.
1 30x 15y  15
x 12x 15y  27
2 
1 Add these equations to get 42x  42
Replace x with in E1.
x  1.
2
Replace x with –1 in E2.

4(1)  5 y  9 Add these equations to get 7x  35

5 y  5 x  5.
y  1 Replace x with 5 in E1.
The solution is (–1, –1). 2(5)  y  8
y2
x  3y  6 The solution is (5, 2).
32. 
3x  9 y  9
3 1 1
Multiply E1 by 3. x y 
3x  9 y  18 
40. 4 2 2

 3x  9 y  9  3
x y 
  2
Add these equations to get 0 = 27, which is false.
Clear fractions by multiplying E1 by 4 and E2
Inconsistent system; the solution set is .
by 2.
 3x  2 y  2
34.  y  2x  5 2x  2 y  3


8x  4 y  20
2x  y  5 Add these equations to get 5x  5
 8x  4 y  20 x  1.

Replace x with –1 in the equation 2x + 2y = 3.
Multiply E1 by 4.
8x  4 y  20 2(1)  2 y  3
2 y  1
 8x  4 y  20
 1
y 
Add these equations to get 0  0 , which is 2
always true.  1
Dependent system; the solution set is The solution is 1,  .
 
{(x, y)|y = 2x  5}.  2 
 
36.  x  4 y  5 42.  x  3 y 1
3x  8 y  0 2x  6 y  2
 
Multiply E1 by 3. Replace x with 3y 1 in E2.
 3x 12 y  15 2(3 y 1)  6 y  2
3x  8 y  0 6 y  2  6 y  2

Add these equations to get 20 y  15 2  2 True
3 Dependent system; the solution set is
y .
{(x, y)|x = 3y  1}.
4
3
Replace y with in E1. 3x  6 y  15
44. 
2x  4 y  3
4
3
x4  5 Multiply E1 by –2, E2 by 3, and add.
 4 
  6x 12 y  30
x  3  5 6x 12 y  9
x  2
 3 0  21 False
The solution is 2, . Inconsistent system; the solution set is .
 4 
 
 2x  y  8
 4y  0
46. 3x 7x  3y

38.  x  3y  11 
 3x  4 y  0
Multiply E1 by 3. 
7x  3y  0
6x  3y  24 Multiply E1 by 3, E2 by 4, and add.
 x  3y  11


9x 12 y  0  x  3y  4
54. 
28x 12 y  0  y  5
37x  0 E2 yields y = 5.
x0 Replace y with –5 in E1.
Replace x with 0 in the equation 7x = 3y. x  3(5)  4  11
7(0)  3y The solution is (–11, –5).
0  3y
y0  y 8 x
The solution is (0, 0). 56.  5  2

 x  2 y  8
48. 3x  4 y  2  3
2x  5 y  1 Multiply E1 by 10 and E2 by 3.

2  40  5x
 3xy 
Multiply
 6x  8E1y by4 2 and E2 by –3. 2y  8
6x 15 y  3 5x  
  2 y 40
3x  2 y  8
Add these equations to get 7 y  7 
y  1. Add these equations to get 8x  32
Replace y with –1 in E1. x  4.
3x  4(1)  2 Replace x with 4 in the equation 2y = 40  5x.
3x  6 2 y  40  5(4)
x2 2 y  20
The solution is (2, –1). y  10
 1
y x3 
50. 
 7 58.  2x  5 y  12
 x  7 y  21 4x 10 y  20


1
Replace y with x  3 in E2. Multiply E1 by 2.
7  4x 10 y  24
1  4x 10 y  20
x7 x  3  21 
 
7  Add to get 0  44 which is false.
x  x  21  21 Inconsistent system; the solution set is .
21  21 True 1 1
The system is dependent. The solution set is x  y  3
 1  2
60. 1
(x, y) y  3 . 3
x  1


 7   x  y  0

 8
 6
1 Multiply E1 by 6 and E2 by 24.
 x
 y 3x  2 y  18
52.  5 3x  4 y  0

 x  y  4 
6x  4 y  36
Multiply E1 by 5. Multiply E1 by 2 and add to E2.
 5x  y 3x  4 y  0
x  y  4 9x  36

Replace y with 5x in E2. x  4
x  (5x)  4 Replace x with –4 in the equation 3x + 4y = 0.

4x  4 3(4)  4 y  0
x 1 12  4 y  0
Replace x with 1 in the equation 5x  y to get y 4 y  12
= 5(1) = 5. The solution is (1, 5). y3
The solution is (–4, 3).

0.7x  0.6 y  1.3 72.  9x  8 y  z  31

62. 
 0.5x  0.3y  0.8 9x  4 y  z  12
Multiply both equations by 10.  4 y  2z  43

7 x  6 y  13

5x  3y  8  1

Multiply E2 by 2. 74. y  3x 2
7x  6 y  13  y  2x  1
 10x  6 y  16  5

The lines have different slopes, so they intersect
Add these equations to get 3x  3 at one point. There is one solution.
x  1.
Replace x with –1 in the equation 7x + 6y = 13.  y  5x  2
7(1)  6 y  13 76.  y   1 x  2
7  6 y  13  5
6y  6 The slopes are negative reciprocals, so the lines
y 1 are perpendicular and intersect at one point.
The solution is (–1, 1). There is one solution.
 x  3y  5.3 78. 0, 1, or 2; answers may vary

64. 
6.3x  6 y  3.96 80. The graph for demand is higher than that for
Multiply E1 by 2. supply when x is between 3 and 4. Therefore,
 2x  6 y  10.6 demand is greater than supply.

6.3x  6 y  3.96
 82. The lines intersect at the point (5, 21). Supply is
Add these equations to get 8.3x  6.64 greater than demand for x-values greater than 5.
6.64
x  0.8.
8.3 84. The intersection point, (1875, 4687.5), has
Replace x with –0.8 in the equation x-value 1875. Thus, 1875 tubes must be sold to
x  3y = 5.3. break even.
0.8  3y  5.3
3y  4.5 86. At x = 1000, the graph for revenue is lower than
that for cost, so the company loses money.
y  1.5
The solution is (–0.8, 1.5). 88. The revenue graph is lower than the cost graph
to the left of the intersection point. Thus, for
66. x  2y  z  7 x-values less than 1875, the company will lose
2  2(3)  3 7 money.
7  7
False 90. answers may vary
68. 4x  y  8z  4 92. a. Since both slopes are positive, both income
4(1)  0  8(1) 4 and expenditures were increasing. Since
0.35 > 0.03, income was increasing more
4  8 4
rapidly than expenditures.
44
True  y  0.35x  5.04
b. 

70. x  4 y  5z  20 y  0.03x  6.03
2x  4 y  2z  17 Replace y with 0.35x + 5.04 in the second
equation.
3x  7z  3
0
.
3
5
x

5
.
0
4

0
.
0
3
x

6
.
0
3
0
.
3
5
x

0
.
0
3
x

0
.
9
9
0
.
3
2
x

0
.
9
9
x

3
.
1

3

Replace x with 3 in the first equation. 2 3

  1
y = 0.35(3) + 5.04 = 6.09  6 x y
The solution is approximately (3, 6). 98.  3 2
  18
c. 2012 + 3 = 2015 x y
In 2015, income was equal to expenditures. 1 1

Replace with a and with b.
 2 x y
x 7 2a  3b  1
 y 
94.  3a  2b  18
3x  3  6
Multiply E1 by 2 and E2 by 3, then add.

 y
 4a  6b  2
1
Replacing with b, we have 9a  6b  54

y 
x  2b  7 13a  52
3x  3b  6 a4
 Replace a with 4 in the equation 2a + 3b = 1.
Multiply E1 by –3 and add to E2 to get 2(4)  3b  1
3b  15
3b  9
b5 b  3
Replace b with 5 in the equation x + 2b = 7. 1 1

x  2(5)  7 Since a = 4, x  . Also, since b = 3, y   .
4 3
x  3 1 1
1 The solution is , .
4 3 
Since b = 5, y  .  
5 1
The solution is 3, .  5 7
 5   1
   10x 14y
100.
2 3    0
 5
x y  x y
96.  5 3 1 1
   2 Replace with a and with b.
 x y x y
1 1  5a  7b  1
Replace with a and with b. 10a 14b  0
x y 
2a  3b  5 3b  3
5a  3b  2 b 1

Since a = b = 1, x = y = 1.The solution is
Add these new equations to get 7a  7 (1, 1).
a  1.
Replace a with 1 in the equation 2a + 3b = 5.
2(1)  3b  5
Multiply E1 by 2 and add to E2 to get .

10a 14b  2
10a 14b  0 Section 4.2 Practice Exercises
0  2 False
 3x  2 y  z  0 (1)
This system is inconsistent. The 
1.  x  y  5z  2 (2)
solution set is
 2x  3 y  3z  7 (3)
Multiply equation (2) by 2 and add to equation
(1) to eliminate y.
 3x  2 y  z  0
2(x  y  5z)  2(2)


3x  2 y z0 3x  4 y  06 (1)

3. 9x  4z  (2)

 2x  2 y 10z  4 
5x  9z  4 (4) 2 y  7z  1 (3)
Multiply equation (2) by 3 and add to equation Equation (2) has no term containing the variable
(3) to eliminate y again. y. Eliminate y using equations (1) and (3).
3(x  y  5z)  3(2) Multiply equation (3) by 2 and add to equation
2x  3y  3z  7 (1).
  3x  4 y  0
3x  3y 15z  6 2(2 y  7z)  2(1)

 2x  3y  3z  7
 3x  4 y 0
5x  18z  13 (5)  4 y 14z  2

Multiply equation (4) by 1 and add to equation 3x 14z  2 (4)
(5) to eliminate x.
1(5x  9z)  1(4) Multiply equation (4) by 3 and add to equation
 5x 18z  13 (2) to eliminate x.
  9x  4z  6
 5x  9z  4 3(3x 14z)  3(2)

 5x 18z  13
  9x  4z  6
9z  9 9x  52z  6
z 1 
56z  0
Replace z with 1 in equation (4) or (5).
z0
5x  9z  4
Replace z with 0 in equation (2) and solve for x.
5x  9(1)  4
9x  4z  6
5x  5
9x  4(0)  6
x  1
9x  6
Replace x with 1 and z with 1 in equation (1), 6 2
(2), or (3). x 
x  y  5z  2 9 3
1 y  5(1)  2 Replace z with 0 in equation (3) and solve for y.
y  4  2 2 y  7z  1
 y  2 2 y  7(0)  1
y2 2 y  1
1
The solution is (1, 2, 1). To check, let x = 1, y 
y = 2, and z = 1 in all three original equations of 2 2 1 
the system. The solution is , 
  
 , 0 .
3 2 
 6x  3y 12z  4 (1)

2. 6x  4 y  2z  7 (2)  2x  y  3z  6 (1)
 2x  y  4z  3 (3)  1 3
Multiply equation (3) by 3 and add to equation 4.  x  2 y  2 z  3 (2)

(1) to eliminate x.  4x  2 y  6z  12 (3)
 6x  3y 12z  4
3(2x  y  4z)  3(3) Multiply both sides of equation (2) by 2 to
 eliminate fractions, and multiply both sides of
1
6x  3y 12z  4 equation (3) by  since all coefficients in
 6x  3y 12z  9 2
 equation (3) are divisible by 2 and the coefficient
0  13 False of x is negative. The resulting system is
Since the statement is false, this system is
 2x  y  3z  6
inconsistent and has no solution. The solution set 
is { } or . 2x  y  3z  6
 2x  y  3z  6

Since the three equations are identical, there are b. x  y  z  3

infinitely many solutions of the system. The 2 1 (4)  3
equations are dependent. The solution set can be 2 1 4  3
written as {(x, y, z)|2x + y  3z = 6}. 5  3 False
x  2 y  4z  16 (1) c. 2x  y  z  1
5. x  2z  4 (2) 2(2) 1 (4) 1

 y  3z  30 (3) 4 1 4 1
Solve equation (2) for x and equation (3) for y. 1  1 True
x  2z  4 y  3z  30
x  2z  4 y  3z  30 d. x  3y  z  1
Substitute 2z  4 for x and 3z + 30 for y in 2  3(1)  (4) 1

equation (1) and solve for z. 2  3  4 1
x  2 y  4z  16 1  1 True
(2z  4)  2(3z  30)  4z  16
2z  4  6z  60  4z  16 (2, 1, 4) is a solution to the equations a, c, and
d.
8z  56  16
8z  40 3. yes; answers may vary
z  5
Use x = 2z  4 to find x: 4. no; answers may vary
x = 2(5)  4 = 10  4 = 6.
Use y = 3z + 30 to find y: 5. Once we have one equation in two variables, we
y = 3(5) + 30 = 15 + 30 = 15. need to get another equation in the same two
The solution is (6, 15, 5). variables, giving us a system of two equations in
two variables. We solve this new system to find
Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 4.2 the values of two variables. We then substitute
these values into an original equation to find the
1. a. x yz 3 value of the third.
1 3 1 3
Exercise Set 4.2
3  3 True
b. x  y  z  5  x  y  z  1 (1)

2. 4x  y  2z  7 (2)
(1)  3 1 5
 2x  2 y  5z  7 (3)
1 3 1 5
5  5 True Add equations (1) and (2) to eliminate y.
x  y  z  1
c. x  y  2z  0 4x  y  2z  7
(1)  3  2(1) 0 3x  z  8 (4)

1 3  2 0 Multiply equation (1) by 2 and add it to equation
6  0 False (3) to eliminate y.
2x  2 y  2z  2
d. x  2 y  3z  2 2x  2 y  5z  7
1 2(3)  3(1) 2 4x  7z  5 (5)

1 6  3 2 Multiply equation (4) by 7 and add it to equation

2  2 True (5) to eliminate z.
21x  7z  56
(1, 3, 1) is a solution to the equations a, b, and 4x  7z  5
d. 17x  51
x3
2. a. x  y  z  1 Replace x with 3 in equation (4).
2 1 (4) 1
1  1 True

3x  z  8 x yz 0
3(3)  z  8 3  2  z  0
9  z  8 z5
z 1 The solution of the system is (3, 2, 5).
Replace x with 3 and z with 1 in equation (1).
x  y  z  1  3x  y  2z  2 (1)

3  y 1  1 8. 6x  2 y  4z  4 (2)
y  3  9x  3 y  6z  6 (3)
The solution of the system is (3, 3, 1). 1

Multiply equation (2) by  .
2
 5x 5 (1)
 3x + y  2z = 2
4.  2x  y 4 (2) This is equation (1).
3x  y  4z  15 (3) 1

Multiply equation (3) by .
Solve equation (1) for x.
3
5x  5
3x + y  2z = 2
x 1 This is equation (1).
Replace x with 1 in equation (2). The system is dependent and the solution set is
2x  y  4 {(x, y, z)|3x + y  2z = 2}.
2(1)  y  4
y2  5 y  7z  14 (1)

Replace x with 1 and y with 2 in equation (3). 10. 2x  y  4z  10 (2)
3x  y  4z  15  2x  6 y  3z  30 (3)
3(1)  2  4z  15 Multiply equation (2) by 1 and add it to
3  2  4z  15 equation (3) to eliminate x.
5  4z  15 2x  y  4z  10
4z  20 2x  6 y  3z  30
z5 5 y  7z  20 (4)
The solution of the system is (1, 2, 5). Multiply equation (1) by 1 and add it to
equation (4).
2x  3y  z  5 (1) 5 y  7z  14
6.  x  y  z  0 (2) 5 y  7z  20
4x  2 y  4z  4 (3) 06
Multiply equation (1) by 4 and add it to The statement 0 = 6 is false, so the system has no
equation (3) to eliminate z. solution.
8x 12 y  4z  20
4x  2 y  4z  4  x  5y  0 (1)

4x 14 y  16 (4) 12.  x  z  0 (2)
Multiply equation (2) by 4 and add it to  x  5z  0 (3)
equation (3) to eliminate z. 4x  4 y  4z  0

4x  2 y  4z  4 Add equations (2) and (3) to eliminate x.

xz 0
x  5z  0
2 y 4 4z  0
y  2 z0
Replace y with 2 in equation (4). Replace z with 0 in equation (2).

4x 14 y  16 xz 0
4x 14(2)  16 x0  0
4x  28  16 x0
4x  12 Replace x with 0 in equation (1).
x  3
Replace x with 3 and y with 2 in equation (2).

x  5y  0 5x  y  3z  1
0  5y  0 5(1)  2  3z  1
y0 7  3z  1
The solution of the system is (0, 0, 0). 3z  6
z  2
x  2y 6 (1) The solution of the system is (1, 2, 2).
14. 7x  3 y  z  33 (2)

x  z  16 (3)  4x  y  3z  10 (1)

Add equations (2) and (3) to eliminate z. 18.  x  y  z  5 (2)
7x  3y  z  33 8x  2 y  6z  10 (3)

x  z  16 Add equations (1) and (2) to eliminate y.
8x  3y  17 (4) 4x  y  3z  10
Multiply equation (1) by 8 and add it to x y z 5

equation (4) to eliminate x. 5x  2z  15 (4)
8x 16 y  48 Multiply equation (2) by 2 and add it to equation

8x  3y  17 (3) to eliminate y.
13y  65 2x  2 y  2z  10
y5 8x  2 y  6z  10
Replace y with 5 in equation (1). 10x  4z  20 (5)
x  2y  6 Multiply equation (4) by 2 and add it to

x  2(5)  6 equation (5).
x 10  6 10x  4z  30
x  4 10x  4z  20
Replace x with 4 in equation (3). 0  10
x  z  16 The statement 0 = 10 is false, so the system has
4  z  16 no solution.
z  20
z  20  4x  y  z  8 (1)

The solution of the system is (4, 5, 20). 20.  x  y  2z  3 (2)
 3x  y  z  6 (3)
5x  y  3z  1 (1) Add equations (1) and (2) to eliminate y.
16.  x  y  3z  7 (2) 4x  y  z  8
x  y 1 (3) x  y  2z  3
Multiply equation (1) by 1 and add it to 5x  z  11 (4)

equation (2) to eliminate z. Add equations (1) and (3) to eliminate y and z.
5x  y  3z  1 4x  y  z  8
x  y  3z  7 3x  y  z  6

4x  2 y  8 (4) 7x  14
x2
Multiply equation (3) by 2 and add it to equation
(4) to eliminate y. Replace x with 2 in equation (4).
2x  2 y  2 5x  z  11
4x  2 y  8 5(2)  z  11
6x  6 10  z  11
x 1 z 1
Replace x with 1 in equation (3). Replace x with 2 and z with 1 in equation (1).
x  y  1 4x  y  z  8
1 y  1 4(2)  y 1  8
y2 7 y 8
Replace x with 1 and y with 2 in equation (1). y 1
The solution of the system is (2, 1, 1).

1
6x 12 y  3z  6 (1) Multiply equation (4) by  and add it to
 2x  4 y  z  2 (2)
22.  z equation (5) to eliminate x. 2
 x  2 y   1 (3)
 2 3x  2 y  1
Multiply equation (2) by 3. 3x  y  1

3y  0
6x + 12y + 3z = 6
y0
This is equation (1).
Multiply equation (3) by 6. Replace y with 0 in equation (5).
6x + 12y + 3z = 6 3x  y  1
This is equation (1). 3x  0  1
The system is dependent and the solution set is 3x  1
{(x, y, z)|6x + 12y + 3z = 6}. 1
x
3
7x  4 y  10 (1) 1
Replace x with and y with 0 in equation (1).
24.  x  4 y  2z  6 (2)
3
 y  2z  1 (3) 3x  3y  z  1
Add equations (2) and (3) to eliminate z. 1

x  4 y  2z  6 3  3(0)  z  1
 3 
y  2z  1  
x  3y 5 (4) 1 0  z  1
z  2
Multiply equation (4) by 7 and add the result to 1
equation (1) to eliminate x. The solution of the system is , 0, 2 
.
3
7x  4 y  10  
7x  21y  35 
25y  25  1 1
y  1  3 x  4y  z  9 (1)
Replace y with 1 in equation (1). 1 1 1

7x  4 y  10 28. 2 x  3 y  4 z  6 (2)

7x  4(1)  10  x
1
y  z  8 (3)
7x  4  10  2
7x  14 Multiply equation (1) by 12, equation (2) by 12,

x2 and equation (3) by 2 to clear fractions.
Replace y with 1 in equation (3).  4x  3y 12z  108 (4)

y  2z  1  6x  4 y  3z  72 (5)
1 2z  1  2x  y  2z  16 (6)
2z  0 Multiply equation (5) by 4 and add it to equation

z0 (4) to eliminate z.
The solution of the system is (2, 1, 0). 4x  3 y 12z  108

24x 16 y 12z  288
3x  3y  z  1 (1) 28x 19 y  396 (7)
26.  3x  y  z  3 (2) Multiply equation (6) by 6 and add it to equation
 6x  4 y  3z  8 (3) (4) to eliminate z.
Add equations (1) and (2) to eliminate z. 4x  3 y 12z  108

3x  3y  z  1 12x  6 y 12z  96
3x  y  z  3 16x  9 y  204 (8)
6x  4 y 2 (4) Multiply equation (7) by 4 and equation (8) by
Multiply equation (2) by 3 and add it to equation 7 and add the results to eliminate x.
(3) to eliminate z. 112x  76 y  1584
9x  3y  3z  9 112x  63y  1428
6x  4 y  3z  8 13y  156
3x  y 1 (5) y  12

Replace y with 12 in equation (8). 4(1)  5 y  9

16x  9 y  204 5y  5
16x  9(12)  204 y 1
16x 108  204 Replace x and y with 1 in E1.
16x  96 1 3(1)  z  3
x  6 z  4  3
Replace x with 6 and y with 12 in equation (6). z  7
2x  y  2z  16 The solution is (1, 1, –7), and
2(6) 12  2z  16 x y z 1 1 7
    
12 12  2z  16 2 3 9 2 3 9
2z  8 9 6 14
  
z  4 18 18 18
The solution of the system is (6, 12, 4). 1
 .
18
30. Let x = the smaller number, then
x + 5 = the larger number. 5x  4 y  29 (1)
2x  5(x  5)  53
 y  z  w  2 (2)
2x  5x  25  53 42. 
7x  28 5x z  23 (3)

x4  yzw4 (4)
x5  45 9 Add E2 and E4.

The numbers are 4 and 9. 2 y  2 or y  1
Replace y with 1 in E1.
32. 7(2x 1)  4  11(3x  2) 5x  4(1)  29
14x  7  4  33x  22 5x  25
19x  19 x5
x 1 Replace x with 5 in E3.
5(5)  z  23
34. z  3(z  7)  6(2z 1) z  2
z  3z  21  12z  6 Replace y with 1 and z with –2 in E4.
2z  21  12z  6 1 (2)  w  4
14z  27 w 1
27 The solution is (5, 1, –2, 1).
z
14
2x z  1 (1)
36. answers may vary 44.  y  z  w  9 (2)
 y  2w  6 (3)

38. answers may vary  3 (4)
 x  y
x  3y  z  3 (1) Solve E2 for w.

w = 9  y  z (5)
40. x  y  2z  14 (2)
Substitute into E3.
3x  2 y  z  12 (3)
y  2(9  y  z)  6
Add E1 and E3. 3y  2z  12 (6)
4x  5 y  9 (4) A new system is
Add –2 times E1 to E2.  2x  z  1 (7)

2x  6 y  2z  6  3y  2z  12 (8)
 x  y  2z  14  x  y 3 (9)
3x  5 y  8 (5) Add 2 times E7 and E8.

Add E4 and E5 to get x = 1. 4x  2z  2
Replace x with 1 in E4.
3y  2z  12
4x  3y  10 (10)

Add –4 times E9 to E10. 3. Let x = speed of the V150

4x  4 y  12 y = speed of the Atlantique
4x  3y  10 We summarize the information in a chart. Both
trains have traveled two hours.
 y  2
y2
Rate  Time = Distance
x23 V150 x 2 2x
x 1
Atlantique y 2 2y
2(1)  z  1 The trains are 2150 kilometers apart, so the sum
of the distances is 2150: 2x  2 y  2150.
3 z
Replace y with 2 and z with 3 in E5. The V150 is 75 kph faster than the Atlantique:
w  9 23  4 x  y  75.
The solution is (1, 2, 3, 4). We solve the following system.
2x  2 y  2150
46. infinite number of solutions  x  y  75

Section 4.3 Practice Exercises Since the second equation is solved for x, we use
substitution. Substitute y + 75 for x in the first
 y  0.91x 110.45 equation.
1. a.  2( y  75)  2 y  2150
y  0.11x  98.6
2 y 150  2 y  2150
Use substitution.
4 y 150  2150
0.91x 110.45  0.11x  98.6
4 y  2000
1.02x  11.85
y  500
x  11.6  12
The predicted year is 12 years after 2005 or To find x, we replace y with 500 in the second
2017. equation.
x  500  75  575
b. yes; answers may vary The speed of the V150 is 575 kph, and the speed
of the Atlantique is 500 kph.
2. Let x = first number
y = second number 4. Let x = amount of 99% acid
“A first number is five more than a second y = amount of water (0%)
number” is translated as x  y  5. “Twice the Both x and y are measured in liters. We use a
first number is 2 less than 3 times the second table to organize the given data.
number” is translated as 2x  3y  2.
We solve the following system.
Acid Amount of
Amount
 x  y5 Strength Pure Acid
2x  3y  2 99%
 x 99% 0.99x
acid
Since the first equation is solved for x, we use
substitution. Substitute y + 5 for x in the second Water y 0% 0y
equation.
2( y  5)  3y  2 The amount of 99% acid and water combined
2 y 10  3y  2 must equal 1 liter, so x + y = 1.
12  y The amount of pure acid in the mixture must
Replace y with 12 in the equation x  y  5 and equal the sum of the amounts of pure acid in the
solve for x. 99% acid and in the water, so
x  12  5  17 0.99x + 0y = 0.05(1), which simplifies to
The numbers are 12 and 17. 0.99x = 0.05.
We solve the following system.
 x  y 1

0.99x  0.05


Since the second equation does not contain y, we Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 4.3
solve it for x.
0.99x  0.05 1. Up to now we’ve been choosing one
0.05 variable/unknown and translating into one
x  0.05 equation. To solve by a system of equations,
0.99
we’ll choose two variables to represent two
To find y, we replace x with 0.05 in the first
unknowns and translate into two equations.
equation.
x  y 1 2. The break-even point occurs when revenue
0.05  y  1 equals costmoney has not been lost or made;
y  0.95 set the revenue function equal to the cost
The teacher should use 0.05 liter of the function and solve for the variable.
99% HCL solution and 0.95 liter of water.
3. The ordered triple still needs to be interpreted in
5. Let x = the number of packages. the context of the application. Each value
The firm charges the customer $4.50 for each actually represents the angle measure of a
package, so the revenue equation is R(x)  4.5x. triangle, in degrees.
Each package costs $2.50 to produce and the
equipment costs $3000, so the cost equation is Exercise Set 4.3
C(x)  2.5x  3000. 2. Let x = the first number, y = the second number.
Since the break-even point is when R(x) = C(x), 3x  y  8
we solve the equation 4.5x = 2.5x + 3000.  x  y  12
4.5x  2.5x  3000 
2x  3000 Add the equations.
3x  y  8
x  1500
x  y  12
The company must sell 1500 packages to break 4x  20
even.
x5
6. Let x = measure of smallest angle Replace x with 5 in the second equation.
y = measure of largest angle x  y  12
z = measure of third angle 5  y  12
The sum of the measures is 180: y7
x  y  z  180. The numbers are 5 and 7.
The measure of the largest angle is 40 more
than the measure of the smallest angle: 4. Let x = number of Gen-Xers participating in
y  x  40. fitness activities (in millions), y = number of
Millenials participating (in millions).
The measure of the remaining angle is 20 more  y  x 11
than the measure of the smallest angle: 
y  x  20. x  y  93
We solve the following system. Replace y with x + 11 in the second equation.
 x  y  z  1180 x  x 11  93
 2x 11  93
 y  x  40
 z  x  20 2x  82
x  41
We substitute x + 40 for y and x + 20 for z in the
Replace x with 41 in the first equation.
first equation.
y = 41 + 11 = 52
x  (x  40)  (x  20)  180 In 2012, 52 million Millenials and 41 million
3x  60  180 Gen-Xers participated in fitness activities.
3x  120
x  40 6. Let r = rowing speed in still water,
Then y = x + 40 = 40 + 40 = 80 and c = speed of current.
z = x + 20 = 40 +20 = 60. r  c  10.6
r  c  6.8
The angle measures are 40, 60, and 80. 

Add the equations.

2r  17.4 Multiply the first equation by 5 and the second

r  8.7 equation by 10, and add the results.
Replace r with 8.7 in the first equation. 5s  5n  1555
8.7  c  10.6 5s 15n  3855
c  1.9 10n  2300
He can row 8.7 km/hr in still water and the n  230
current’s speed is 1.9 km/hr. Replace n with 230 in the first equation.
s  230  311
8. Let x = amount of 5% solution, and s  81
y = amount of 25% solution. The club sold 81 student tickets and
amount of 230 nonstudent tickets.
ml strength phenobarbitol
14. Let m = the first number, n = the second number.
x 5% 0.05x 2m  n  42
 m  n  6
y 25% 0.25y 
500 20% 0.20(500) = 100 Add the equations.
2m  n  42
m  n  6
 x  y  500 3m  36
0.05x  0.25y  100
 m  12
Solve the first equation for x. Replace m with 12 in the first equation.
x = 500  y 2(12)  n  42
Replace x with 500  y in the second equation. 24  n  42
0.05(500  y)  0.25y  100 n  18
25  0.05y  0.25y  100 The numbers are 12 and 18.
0.2 y  75
y  375 16. a. answers may vary
Replace y with 375 in the first equation.  y  13, 910x  491, 600
x  375  500 b. 
x  125 y  5820x  397, 400
Thus, mix 125 milliliters of 5% solution with Replace y with 13,910x + 491,600 in the
375 milliliters of 25% solution. second equation.
13, 910x  491, 600  5820x  397, 400
10. Let x be the enrollment at UNH, and 13, 910x  5820x  94, 200
y be the enrollment at UTEP. 19, 730x  94, 200
x  y  37, 716 x  4.7

y  2x  6195 2012 + 4.7 = 2016.7
Replace y with 2x  6195 in the first equation. During the year 2016, the number of postal
x  y  37, 716 carriers and the number of bill collectors in
the United States will be the same.
x  2x  6195  37, 716
3x  6195  37, 716 18. Let m be the pounds of M&M’s and t be the
3x  43, 911 pounds of trail mix.
x  14, 637 2m 1.5t  1.8(50)

Replace x with 14,637 in the second equation.  m  t  50
y = 2x  6195 = 2(14,637)  6195 = 23,079 Multiply the first equation by 10 and the second
UNH had an enrollment of 14,637 and UTEP
equation by 20, and add the results.
had an enrollment of 23,079.
20m 15t  900
12. Let s be the number of student tickets and 20m  20t  1000
n be the number of nonstudent tickets. 5t  100

 s  n  311 t  20
0.50s 1.50n  385.50 Replace t with 20 in the second equation.



m  20  50 12x  4 y  31.80
m  30  2x  4 y  12.80

She should use 30 pounds of M&M’s and
10x  19
20 pounds of trail mix.
x  1.9
20. Let x be the speed of one cyclist and Replace x with 1.9 in the first equation.
y be the speed of the other cyclist. 3(1.9)  y  7.95
x  y  4 5.7  y  7.95
4x  4 y  112
 y  2.25
Replace x with y + 4 in the second equation. A template cost $1.90 and a mechanical pencil
4x  4 y  112 cost $2.25.
4( y  4)  4 y  112

4 y 16  4 y  112 28.  x  2 y  180 x  2 y  180
or
3x 10  y  180 3x  y  190
8 y  96
 
y  12 Solve the first equation for x.
Replace y with 12 in the first equation. x = 180  2y
x = 12 + 4 = 16 Replace x with 180  2y in the second equation.
The cyclists are traveling at 12 mph and 16 mph. 3x  y  190
3(180  2 y)  y  190
 y  0.08x 1.08 540  6 y  y  190
22. a. 
y  0.03x 1.01 5 y  350
Replace y with 0.08x + 1.08 in the second y  70
equation. Replace y with 70 in the equation x = 180  2y.
0.08x 1.08  0.03x 1.01 x = 180  2(70) = 180  140 = 40
0.05x 1.08  1.01 The values are x = 40 and y = 70.
0.05x  0.07
x  1.4  1 30. The break-even point is where C(x) = R(x).
2007 + 1 = 2008 12x 15, 000  32x
the fatality rate for light trucks equaled the 15, 000  20x
fatality rate for automobiles in 2008. 750  x
750 units must be sold to break even.
b. answers may vary
32. The break-even point is where C(x) = R(x).
24. Let w be the weekly sales. 0.8x  900  2x
 1st earnings  200  0.05w 900  1.2x
2nd earnings  0.15w
 750  x
Find where the earnings are equal. 750 units must be sold to break even.
200  0.05w  0.15w
200  0.1w 34. The break-even point is where C(x) = R(x).
2000  w 105x  70, 000  245x
The earnings are equal for weekly sales of 70, 000  140x
$2000. 500  x
500 units must be sold to break even.
26. Let x be the price of a template and y be the price
of a mechanical pencil. 36. a. Let x be the number of baskets. The revenue
 3x  y  7.95 from each basket is $31, so R(x) = 31x.

2x  4 y  12.80 b. The cost is $500 plus $15 for each basket, so
Multiply the first equation by 4, then add. C(x) = 15x + 500.

c. R(x)  C(x) x  x  30  x  90  180

31x  15x  500 3x 120  180
16x  500 3x  60
x  31.25 x  20
The break-even point is 32 baskets. Replace x with 20 in the third equation.
y = 20 + 30 = 50
38. Let x = amount of 25% solution, Replace x with 20 in the second equation.
y = amount of 40% solution, and z = 20 + 90 = 110
z = amount of 50% solution. The measures of the angels are 20, 50, and
110.
liters strength amount of each
42. Let x = ones-place digit, y = tens-place digit,
x 25% 0.25x z = hundreds-place digit.
y 40% 0.40y  x  y  z  15

 y  2z
z 50% 0.50z
 x  z 1
200 32% 0.32(200) = 64 Substitute x = z  1 and y = 2z in the first
equation.
x  y  z  200 (1) z 1 2z  z  15
0.25x  0.4 y  0.5z  64 (2) 4z  16

 x  2y (3) z4
Multiply equation (1) by 50 and equation (2) y = 2z = 2(4) = 8

by 100, then add the results. x=z1=41=3
50x  50 y  50z  10, 000 The number is 483.
25x  40 y  50z  6400
25x 10 y  3600 (4) 44. Let x = number of free throws,
y = number of two-point field goals, and
Replace x with 2y in equation (4). z = number of three-point field goals.
25(2 y) 10 y  3600 x  2 y  3z  812
50 y 10 y  3600 

 y  4z 15
60 y  3600
 x  y  73
y  60
Replace y with 60 in equation (3). Substitute 4z  15 for y in the third equation.

x = 2(60) x = y  73 = 4z  15  73 = 4z  88
x = 120 Substitute 4z  88 for x and 4z  15 for y in the
Replace x with 120 and y with 60 in equation first equation.
(1). (4z  88)  2(4z 15)  3z  812
120  60  z  200 4z  88  8z  30  3z  812
180  z  200 15z 118  812
z  20 15z  930
He uses 120 liters of 25% solution, 60 liters of z  62
40% solution, and 20 liters of 50% solution. x = 4z  88 = 4(62)  88 = 160
y = 4z  15 = 4(62)  15 = 233
40. Let x = smallest angle, y = remaining angle, She scored 160 free throws, 233 2-point field
z = largest angle. goals, and 62 3-point field goals.
 x  y  z  180

 z  x  90  x  y  z  72  360

 y  x  30 46. x  z 15  180
Replace y with x + 30 and z with x + 90 in the  y  z 13  180

first equation.  x  y  z  288 (1)

 x  165  z (2)
 y  193  z (3)

Substitute x = 165  z and y = 193  z in the c. f = 461

equation (1). m = f + 122 = 122 + 461 = 583
165  z 193  z  z  288 fs  620
z  358  288 ms  2 fs  474  2(620)  474  766
70  z Of the four groups, males in sales
Replace z = 70 in equation (2) and (3). occupations made the greatest earnings and
x  165  70 y  193  70 females in service occupations made the
x  95 y  123 least.
The values are x = 95, y = 123, and z = 70.

54. y  ax2  bx  c
48. 4x  2 y  6z  14 For (1, 2) use x = 1 and y = 2.
4x  y  2z  4 2 = a + b + c (1)
3y  8z  18 For (2, 3), use x = 2 and y = 3.
3  a(2)2  b(2)  c
50. 6x  9 y  6z  15 3  4a  2b  c (2)
x  9 y  z  1 For (1, 6), use x = 1 and y = 6.

5x  5z  16
6  a(1)2  b(1)  c
6  a bc (3)
52. a. Let f = median weekly earnings for females
in the service occupations. The system is
Let m = median weekly earnings for males 2  a  b  c (1)

in the service occupations. 3  4a  2b  c (2)
m  f 122  6  a  b  c (3)
m  2 f  339
 Multiply equation (1) by 1 and add to equation

Use substitution. (2).
f 122  2 f  339 1 = 3a + b (4)
122  f  339 Multiply equation (1) by 1 and add to equation
461  f (3).
Females earned $461/week in service 4  2b
occupations. 2  b
Replace b with 2 in equation (4).
b. Let fs  median weekly earnings for 1  3a  2
females in the sales occupations. 3  3a
Let ms  median weekly earnings for males 1 a
in the sales occupations. Replace a with 1 and b with 2 in equation (1).
 fs  ms 146 2  1 2  c
 3c
ms  2 fs  474 The solution is a = 1, b = 2, and c = 3.
Use substitution.
fs  ms 146 56. y  ax2  bx  c
fs  (2 fs  474) 146 For (4, 2.47), x = 4 and y = 2.47.
fs  2 fs  620 2.47  a(4)2  b(4)  c
 fs  620 2.47  16a  4b  c (1)

fs  620
For (7, 0.58), x = 7 and y = 0.58.
Females earned $620/week in sales
occupations. 0.58  a(7)2  b(7)  c

0.58  49a  7b  c (2)
For (8, 1.07), x = 8 and y = 1.07.
1.07  a(8)2  b(8)  c
1.07  64a  8b  c (3)
The system is

 2.47  16a  4b  c (1) x  y  4 (1)

 5.
 y  3x (2)
0.58  49a  7b  c (2)
 1.07  64a  8b  c (3) 

Substitute y  3x in E1.
Multiply equation (1) by 1 and add to equation x  (3x)  4

(2). 4x  4
1.89 = 33a + 3b (4) x 1
Multiply equation (1) by 1 and add to equation Replace x with 1 in E2.
(3). y  3x  3(1)  3
1.4 = 48a + 4b (5)
Multiply equation (4) by 4 and equation (5) by
3. Add the results. x  y  4 (1)
6.
7.56  132a 12b 
 y  4x (2)
4.2  144a 12b
3.36  12a Substitute y  4x in E1.
0.28  a x  (4x)  4
Replace a with 0.28 in equation (4). 3x  4
4
1.89  33(0.28)  3b x
1.89  9.24  3b 3
11.13  3b 4
Replace x with in E2.
3.71  b 3
Replace a with 0.28 and b with 3.71 in  4  16
y  4x  4 
equation (1).  
3 3
2.47  16(0.28)  4(3.71)  c 
 4 16 
2.47  4.48  (14.84)  c The solution is ,
 3 3 
.
12.83  c  
The solution is a = 0.28, b = 3.71, and

c = 12.83. 7.  x  y  1 (1)
intersect at (−2, 3). The correct graph is D.
For September, x = 9. 
y  0.28(9)2  3.71(9) 12.83  2.12 3. A system with no solution has lines that
According to the model, there will be areparallel. The correct graph is A.
2.12 inches of rain during September.
4. A system with an infinite number of solutions
58. From Exercise 57, the solution is x  10. has lines that are the same. The correct graph
Since x represents the number of years after isB.
2009, it is predicted that bottled water and soda
consumption will be the same in
2009 + 10 = 2019.
Integrated Review
1. A system with solution (1, 2) has lines that

intersect at (1, 2). The correct graph is C.
2. A system with solution (−2, 3) has lines that

x  2 y  4 (2)
Multiply E1 by –1 and add to E2.
x  y  1
x  2y  4
 3y  3
y  1
Replace y with –1 in E1.
x  (1)  1
x 1  1
x2
The solution is (2, –1).
2x  y  8 (1)
8. 
x  3y  11 (2) 
Multiply E1 by 3 and add to E2.
6x  3 y  24
x  3y  11
7x  35
x5


2(5)  y  8 12.  2x  5 y  3 (1)
10  y  8 4x 10 y  6 (2)


y2 Multiply E1 by 2 and add to E2.
The solution is (5, 2). 4x 10 y  6
4x 10 y  6
2x  5 y  8 (1) 0  0 True
9.
 6x  y  10 (2)
 The system is dependent. The solution set is
Multiply E2 by –5 and add to E1. {(x, y)|2x  5y = 3}.
2x  5 y  8
30x  5y  50  1
 y x
28x  42 13.  3

x
3 5x  3y  4
2 1
Substitute x for y in E2.
3
Replace x with in E2. 3
1 
2 5x  3 x  4
 3   3 

6    y  10

 
 2 5x  x  4
9 y 8 4x  4
y 1  3  x 1
The solution is  Replace x with 1 in E1.

 , 1 .

1 1
 2  y  (1) 
3 3
1 1 5  1
x y   (1) The solution is 1, .
10. 8 2 8  3 
 
 3x  8 y  0 (2) 
Multiply E1 by –16 and add to E2.  y
1
14. 
x
2x  8 y  10 4
3x  8 y  0  2x  4 y  3
5x  10 1
Substitute x for y in E2.
x  2 4
Replace x with –2 in E2.  1 

3(2)  8 y  0 2x  4  x   3
6  8y  0  4 
2x  x  3
8 y  6
6 3 x3
y  Replace x with 3 in E1.
8 4
1 3
 3  y (3) 
The solution is  2, . 4 4

 4 
4
 3
The solution is 3, 
 .
 4x  7 y  7 (1) 
11. 
12x  21y  24 (2)  x  y  2 (1)

Multiply E1 by –3 and add to E2. 15.  3y  z  7 (2)
12x  21y  21  2x  y  z  1 (3)

12x  21y  24
Add E2 and E3.
0  3 False 2x  2 y  8 or x  y  4 (4)
The system is inconsistent. The solution set is . Add E1 and E4.
2x  2
x  1

Replace x with –1 in E1.  x  y  4z  5 (1)

1 y  2 19.  x  y  2z  2 (2)
y 3 3x  2 y  4z  18 (3)
Replace y with 3 in E2. Add E1 and E2.
3(3)  z  7 2x  2z  3 (4)
9  z  7 Multiply E2 by 2 and add to E3.
z2 2x  2 y  4z  4
The solution is (–1, 3, 2). 3x  2 y  4z  18
y  2z  3 (1) 5x  8z  14 (5)
16.  x  2 y 7 (2) Multiply E4 by 4 and add to E5.
2x  y  z  5 (3) 8x  8z  12
Multiply E2 by –2 and add to E3. 5x  8z  14
2x  4 y  14 13x  26
2x  y  z  5 x2
3y  z  9 (4) Replace x with 2 in E4.
2(2)  2z  3
2z  1
6 y  2z  18 1
y  2z  3 z
2
5 y  15 1
y  3 Replace x with 2 and z with in E1.
2
1
3(3)  z  9 2 y4 5
 2 
z0  
Replace y with –3 in E2. 2 y2  5
x  2(3)  7 y 5
 1
x6  7 The solution is 2, 5, .
x 1  2 
 
The solution is (1, –3, 0). 
 2x  4 y  6z  3 (1)  2x  y  3z  2 (1)


17. x  y  z  6 (2) 20.  x  y  6z  0 (2)
 3x  4 y  3z  6 (3)
 x  2 y  3z  1 (3)
Add E1 and E3.
Multiply E3 by –2 and add to E1. 5x  3y  8 (4)
2x  4 y  6z  2
2x  4 y  6z  3
4x  2 y  6z  4
0  1 False x  y  6z  0
The system is inconsistent. The solution set is .

5x  y  4 (5)
x  y  3z  2 (1) Multiply E5 by 3 and add to E4.

18. 2x  2 y  6z  4 (2) 15x  3y  12

 3x  3y  9z  6 (3) 5x  3y  8
Multiply E1 by 2 and add to E2. 20x  20
2x  2 y  6z  4 x 1
2x  2 y  6z  4 Replace x with 1 in E5.

5(1)  y  4
0  0 True  y  1
The system is dependent. The solution set is y 1
{(x, y)|x  y + 3z = 2}.
Replace both x and y with 1 in E1.

2(1) 1 3z  2 We change −13 to a 1 by dividing row 2 by −13.
1 3z  2 1 4 2
3z  1 0 13 13
 13 13 
1
z   1 4 2
3
 1  0 1 1
The solution is 1, 1, . x  4 y  2

3
  The last matrix corresponds to 
 y  1
21. Let x = the first number and To find x, we let y = −1 in the first equation.
y = the second number. x  4 y  2
 x  y  8 (1) x  4(1)  2
2x  y 11 (2) x  4  2


Substitute x  y  8 in E2. x2
The solution is (2, −1).
2( y  8)  y 11
2 y 16  y 11 
2.  x  3y  3

y  27 2x  6 y  4
Replace y with 27 in E1.  1 3 3
x  27  8  19 The corresponding matrix is 
. The
The numbers are 19 and 27.  2 6 4 
 element in the first row, first column is already

22. Let x = measure of the two smallest angles, 1. Multiply row 1 by 2 and add to row 2 to get a
y = measure of the third angle, and 0 below the 1.
z = measure of the fourth angle.  1 3 3 
2x  y  z  360  2(1)  (2) 2(3)  6 2(3)  4
 y  x  30 1 3 3 
 z  x  50 0 0 10 
Substitute y  x  30 and z  x  50 in the first

x  3 y  3
The corresponding system is
equation. 
2x  (x  30)  (x  50)  360  0  10
4x  80  360 The equation 0 = 10 is false. Hence, the system
4x  280 is inconsistent and has no solution. The solution
x  70 set is .
so y  70  30  100 and z  70  50  120
 x  3y  z  0
The two smallest angles are 70, the third angle 
3.  2x  y  3z  5
is 100, and the fourth angle is 120.
 x  2 y  4z  7
Section 4.4 Practice Exercises  1 3 1 0

The corresponding matrix is  2 1 3 5 .
1. x  4 y  2 
 7 

3x  y  7 1 2 4 
 The element in the first row, first column is

1 4 2. The already 1. Multiply row 1 by −2 and add to row
The corresponding matrix is   2 to get a 0 below the 1 in row 2. Add row 1 to
3 1 7 
row 3 to get a 0 below the 1 in row 3.
element in the first row, first column is already
 1 3 1 0 
1. Multiply row 1 by −3 and add to row 2 to get 2(1)  2 2(3) 1 2(1)  3 2(0)  5
a 0 below the 1.
 
 1 4 2   1 4 
1 (1) 3  (2) 07 
 3(1)  3 3(4)  (1) 3(2)  7  1 3 1 0
1 4 2 0 5 5 5
 
0 13 13 0 1 3 7 
Now we want a 1 where the −5 is now.

Interchange rows 2 and 3. 5. Any two columns may be interchanged. false

 1 3 1 0
0 1 3 7 6. Any two rows may be interchanged. true
 
0 5 5 5  7. The elements in a row may be added to their
Now we want a 0 below the 1. Multiply row 2 by corresponding elements in another row. true
5 and add to row 3.
 1 3 1 0  8. The elements of a column may be multiplied by

 0 1 3 7  any nonzero number. false
  
5(0)  0 5(1)  (5) 5(3)  5 5(7)  5 

9. Two rows may be interchanged, the elements of
 1 3 1 0 any row may be multiplied/divided by the same
0 1 3 7
nonzero number, the elements of any row may
 
0 0 20 40  be multiplied/divided by the same nonzero
Finally, divide row 3 by 20. number and added to their corresponding

 1 3 1 0 elements in any other row; rows were not
  interchanged in Example 1.
0 1 3 7 
0 0 20 40  10. Consider the possible confusion or errors that

 20 20  might occur if you’re careless and it’s unclear
 1 3 1 0 which row or column numbers belong in,
0 1 3 7 especially when working with larger matrices
 
0 0 1 2  and/or with a lot of calculations.
This matrix corresponds to the system Exercise Set 4.4
 x  3y  z  0

 y  3z  7 2x  y  8
2.
 z2  x  3y  11

The z-coordinate is 2. Replace z with 2 in the 2 1 8 

second equation and solve for y. 1 3 11
y  3z  7
y  3(2)  7 Interchange R1 and R2.

y67 1 3 11
 2 1 8 
y 1
To find x, we let z = 2 and y = 1 in the first Multiply R1 by –2 and add to R2.

equation. 1 3 11
x  3y  z  0 0 7 14 
x  3(1)  2  0 Divide R2 by –7.

x 1  0  1 3 11
x  1 0 1 2 
The solution is (−1, 1, 2).
x  3y  11
This corresponds to
 y2
.
Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 4.4 
x  3(2)  11
1. A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers.
x5
2. Each of the numbers in a matrix is called an The solution is (5, 2).

element.
4x  y  5
4.
3x  3 y  0
3. The numbers aligned horizontally in a matrix are 
in the same row. 4 1 5
 3 3 0 
4. The numbers aligned vertically in a matrix are in
the same column. Interchange R1 and R2.

3 3 0 Divide R1 by 5.
 4 1 5 1 0 0 1
Divide R1 by 3. 2 1 0 4 
 
 
1 1 0 3 1 5 15 
 4 1 5 Multiply R1 by –2 and add to R2.

Multiply R1 by –3 and add to R3.
 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
0 5 5 0 1 2 
0
   
0 1 5 18 
 
Divide R2 by 5.
 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 2 0

 
x  y  0 0 0 5 20 
This corresponds to 
 y  1
. 
Divide R3 by –5.


x  (1)  0
x 1
 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 2 
 
The solution is (1, 1). 0 0 1 4 
x  3y  6 x 1

6.  This corresponds to  y  2.
3x  9 y  9  z  4
1 3 6 The solution is (1, 2, 4).
 3 9 9 
Multiply R1 by 3 and add to R2.   4 y  3z  2

1 3 6 12.  5x  4 y 1
 0 0 27   5x  4 y  z  3
x  3y  6
This corresponds to .  0 4 3 2
 0  27  5 4 0 1 
  
This is an inconsistent system. The solution set is 5 4 1 3
. Interchange R1 and R2.

  5 4 0 1
8.  9x  3y  6  0 4 3 2
18x  6 y  12  
 5 4 1 3
 9 3 6 Add R1 and R3.

 18 6 12  5 4 0 1
0 4 3 2
Multiply R1 by 2 and add to R2. 0 0 1 2 
9 3 6  
0 0 0  Divide R2 by 4.

9x  3y  6 5 4 0 1
This corresponds to  .  3 1 
00 2 
 0 1 4
This is a dependent system. The solution set is 0 0 1 2 

{(x, y)|9x  3y = 6}. 5x  4 y  1
 3 1
5x 5 This corresponds to y  z   .

  4 2
10.  2x  y 4 z  2
 3x  y  5z  15 

5 0 0 5
2 1 0 4 
 
3 1 5 15


3 1 y42
y  (2)  
4 2 y  2
3 1 x  2(2)  4  5
y 
2 2 x5
y 1 The solution is (5, –2, 4).
5x  4(1)  1
5x  5 18.  4x  y  9

2x  3y  27
x 1
The solution is (1, 1, –2). 4 1 9
 3y  6  2 3 27 
14. x  y  7 Divide R1 by 4.
  1 1 9 
0 3 6  4 4 
1 1 7  2 3 27
Interchange R1 and R2. Multiply R1 by –2 and add to R2.
1 1 7  1 1 9 
 4 4 
0 3 6  0 7  63 
2 2 
Divide R2 by 3. 2
Multiply R2 by .
1 1 7 7
0 1 2
 x  y  7
 1 1 9 
 4 4 
0
This corresponds to  .  1 9
 y2  1 9

x  y 
x27 This corresponds to 4 4.
x5  y  9
The solution is (5, 2). 1 9
x  (9) 
x  2 y  z  5 4 94
16.  x  y  z  3 x9 
 yz 2 4 4
1 2 1 5 x0
 1 1 1 3 The solution is (0, –9).
  
0 1 1 2  20.  2x  5 y  12
Multiply R1 by –1 and add to R2. 4x 10 y  20
1 2 1 5  2 5 12
0 3 2 2 4 10 20
   
0 1 1 2
 
Multiply R1 by 2 and add to R2.
Interchange R2 and R3. 2 5 12
1 2 1 5
0 1 1 2   0 0 44 
 
0 3 2 2  2x  5 y  12
  This corresponds to  .
Multiply R2 by 3 and add to R3.  0  44
 1 2 1 5

This is an inconsistent system. The solution set is
0 1 1 2 .
 
0 0 1 4 
x  2 y  z  5

This corresponds to  y  z  2.
 z4

 5 y  7 z  14 1 1 1 9

22.  2x  y  4z  10 0 4 2 28
 2x  6 y  3z  30  
0 0 1 4 
0 5 7 14 x yz 9

2 1 4 10 This corresponds to 4 y  2z  28.
  
2 6 3 30 z4
Interchange R1 and R2. 4 y  2(4)  28

2 1 4 10 4 y  20
0 5 7 14 y5
 
2 6 3 30 x54  9
Divide R1 by 2. x9 9
 1 12 2 5 x0
  The solution is (0, 5, 4).
0 5 7 14 
2 6 3 30
  26. No vertical line intersects the graph more than
Multiply R1 by –2 and add to R3. once. It is the graph of a function.

 1 12 2 5 28. Vertical lines can be drawn that intersect the
 
graph more than once. It is not the graph of a
0 5 7 14
0 5 7 20 function.
 
Multiply R2 by –1 and add to R3. 30. (2)(8)  (4)(1)  16  4  12
 1 12 2 5
  32. (7)(3)  (2)(6)  2112  33
0 5 7 14
0

0 0 6
  34. (5)(6)  (10)(10)  30 100  70
 1
x  y  2z  5
 
2 36.  x6  0
 2x  3y  1
This corresponds to  5 y  7 z  14. 
 06
  x  0 y  6  which corresponds to the matrix
 2x  3y  1
This is an inconsistent system. The solution set is  1 0 6
. ; choice b.
 2 3 1
 x y z 9  y  0.28x 17.1 0.28x  y  17.1


 or 
24.  3x  y  z  1 38. y  0.36x 14.7 0.36x  y  14.7
 2x  2 y  3z  2  
 1 1 1 9 The corresponding matrix is
 3 1 1 1 0.28 1 17.1
   0.36 1 14.7 

2 2 3 2
Multiply R1 by –3 and add to R2. Multiply row 1 by 

1
.
Multiply R1 by 2 and add to R3. 0.28
1 1 1 9  1 3.571 61.071

0 4 2 28  0.36 1 14.7 
  
0 4 1 16  Multiply row 1 by 0.36 and add to row 2.
Add R2 to R3. 1 3.571 61.071
1 1 1 9 0 0.286 7.286
0 4 2 28
  1
0 0 3 12 Multiply row 2 by  0.286 .
Divide R2 by –3.

1 3.571 61.071 Solution

y Region
0 1 25.475 5
This corresponds to the system

x  3.571y  61.071
.

 y  25.475
x  3.571y  61.071 5x
x  3.571(25.475)  61.071
x  90.971  61.071
x  29.9  30
2008 + 30 = 2038 2x  5 y  10
Attendance in Disneyland is expected to be equal

 x4
to the attendance in the Magic Kingdom in 2038. 3. 
 x0
40. answers may vary  y0
Graph the inequalities on the same set of axes.

Section 4.5 Practice Exercises The intersection of the inequalities is the solution
region. It is the only shaded region in this graph
 4x  y and includes the portion of all four boundary
1. 
x  3y  6 lines that border the shaded region.
Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes. Solution
The solution is the intersection of the solution Region
y
regions. 5
For 4x  y, the boundary line is the graph of
4x = y. The boundary line is solid since the

inequality means 4x > y or 4x = y. The test point
(1, 0) satisfies the inequality, so we shade the 5x
half-plane that includes (1, 0).
For x  3y  6, sketch the solid boundary line
x + 3y = 6. The test point (0, 0) does not satisfy
the inequality, so shade the half-plane that does
not include (0, 0). Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 4.5
The solution of the system is the darker shaded
region. This solution includes parts of both 1. Two or more linear inequalities form a system of
boundary lines. linear inequalities.
Solution
y Region 2. An ordered pair that satisfies each inequality in a

5 system is a solution of the system.
3. The point where two boundary lines intersect is a

corner point.
5 x
4. The solution region of a system of inequalities
consists of the intersection of the solution
regions of the inequalities in the system.
5. No; we can choose any test point except a point

 x  y  1 on the second inequality’s own boundary line.

2.  y4

3x  y  3
Graph all three inequalities on the same set of
axes. All boundary lines are dashed since the
inequality symbols are < and >. The solution set
of the system is the shaded region. The boundary
lines are not a part of the solution.

Exercise Set 4.5 y  x 5

8. 
y  x 3 y  3x  3
2.  Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes.

y  1 x The solution is the intersection of the solution
Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes. regions. The solution of the system is the darker
The solution is the intersection of the solution shaded region. This solution includes parts of
regions. The solution of the system is the darker both boundary lines.
shaded region. This solution includes parts of y
both boundary lines. 5
y
5
5x
5x

10.  2x  y
x  2 y  3
 y  2x 1
4.  Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes.
y  x  2 The solution is the intersection of the solution
Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes. regions. The solution of the system is the darker
The solution is the intersection of the solution shaded region. This solution does not include
regions. The solution of the system is the darker any portion of the boundary lines.
shaded region. This solution includes the part of y
the solid boundary line that borders the region 5
but not the dashed boundary line or the point
where the boundary lines intersect.
y
5
5 x
5x
 x  3
12. 
y  2
Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes.
 y  2x  4 The solution is the intersection of the solution
6.  regions. The solution of the system is the darker
y  x  5 shaded region. This solution includes parts of
Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes. both boundary lines.
The solution is the intersection of the solution y
regions. The solution of the system is the darker 5
shaded region. This solution includes parts of
both boundary lines.
y 5
5 x
5x
14.  y  2 3x  y  4
 x  1 
 20.  x4
Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes.  x0
The solution is the intersection of the solution  y0
regions. The solution of the system is the darker Graph the inequalities on the same set of axes.
shaded region. This solution includes the part of The intersection of the inequalities is the solution
the solid boundary line that borders the region region. It is the only shaded region in this graph
but not the dashed boundary line or the point and includes the portion of all four boundary
where the boundary lines intersect. lines that border the shaded region.
y y
5
5
5x 5x
 y  2x  0 22.  y  5

16. 5x  3y  2 x  3
 
y4
Both boundary lines should be dashed. The
Graph all three inequalities on the same set of region including (0, 6) should be shaded since
axes. The solution set of the system is the shaded (0, 6) satisfies both inequalities. The correct
region. The parts of the boundary lines that graph is A.
border the shaded region are part of the solution.
y
y  5
5 24. 
x  3
The boundary line x = 3 should be solid. The
correct graph is B.
5x
26. (5)3  (5)(5)(5)  125
3
3 3 3 3 3  3  3 27
28.       
 4x  y  2  4  4 4 4 4  4  4 64

18. 2x  3y  8 30. 52 11 3(5)  25 11  3(5)
 y  5
Graph all three inequalities on the same set of 5
axes. The solution set of the system is the shaded x
region. The parts of the boundary lines that
y
4
32.

 25 11 (15)
 25 1115
 14 15
 1
(12)2  (1)(2)  6  144  (1)(2)  6

 144  (2)  6
 144  2  6
 142  6
 136

x  5 Chapter 4 Review
34. 
x  3 3x 10 y  1 (1)
Every x-value that satisfies x  3 also satisfies 1.  x 

 2 y  1 (2)
x  5. The solution of the system is the region
described by x  3.
a. y
5
36. a. The sum of x and y must be less than or
equal to 8, and x must be less than 3.
Furthermore, neither x nor y can be (–3, 1)
negative. The system is
5x
x  y  8
x 3
 0
 x
 y  0
b. From E2: x  2 y 1
b. y
9 Replace x with 2 y 1 in E1.
3(2 y 1) 10 y  1
6 y  3 10 y  1
4y  4
y 1
Replace y with 1 in the equation x = 2y  1.
x  2(1) 1  3
8x
Chapter 4 Vocabulary Check c. Multiply E2 by –3 and add to E1.
1. Two or more linear equations in two variables 3x 10 y  1
form a system of equations. 3x  6 y  3
4y  4
2. A solution of a system of two equations in two y 1
variables is an ordered pair that makes both
equations true. Replace y with 1 in E2.
x  2(1)  1
3. A consistent system of equations has at least one x  2  1
solution. x  3
4. A solution of a system of three equations in three
variables is an ordered triple that makes all three 

equations true.  y  1 x  2 (1)
2.  2 3
5. An inconsistent system of equations has no  4x  6 y  4 (2)

solution.
a. y
6. A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers. 5
7. Each of the numbers in a matrix is called an
element.  0, 2 
 
 3 
8. The numbers aligned horizontally in a matrix are 5x
in the same row.
9. The numbers aligned vertically in a matrix are in

the same column.

b. Replace y with
1
x
2
in E2. 5(2 y 11) 10 y  15
2 3 10 y  55 10 y  15
1 2 55  15 False
4x  6 x  4
2 This is an inconsistent system. The solution
  is .
3 3x  4  4
4x
x0 c. Multiply E1 by 5 and E2 by –2.
Replace x with 0 in E1.  10x  20 y  110

y
1
(0) 
2

2 10x  20 y  30
2 3 3 Add these equations.
 2
The solution is 0, . 10x  20 y  110
 
 3  10x  20 y  30
0  80 False
  1 x  y  2 This is an inconsistent system. The solution

c. Rewrite the system:  2 3. is .
 4x  6 y  4
Multiply the first equation by –6. 3x  6 y  12 (1)
4. 
3x  6 y  4 2 y  x  4 (2)
4x  6 y  4

a. y
Add these equations. 5
7x  0
x0
Replace x with 0 in second equation.
4(0)  6 y  4 5x
6y  4
4 2
y 
6 3 2 
The solution is 0, . b. Solve E2 for x.
 3 
  x  2y  4

 2x  4 y  22 (1) Replace x with 2 y  4 in E1.
3.  3(2 y  4)  6 y  12
5x 10 y  15 (2)
6 y 12  6 y  12
a. y 12  12 True
10 This is a dependent system. The solution is
{(x, y)|3x  6y = 12}.
10
 3x  6 y  12 (1)
c. x  2 y  4 (2)
x 
Multiply E2 by 3.
 3x  6 y  12
Replace x with 2 y  11 in E2.

b. Solve E1 for x.
2x  4 y  22
2x  4 y  22
x  2 y  11
3x  6 y  12
Add these equations.
3x  6 y  12
3x  6 y  12
0  0 True
This is a dependent system. The
solution is
{(x, y)|3x  6y = 12}.

1 3 1 1 3 1
x  y   (1) (3)  y
5. 
12 4 2 4 2
3 192 3
 x y (2)  y  2
 8 4 8 4
3y  8
a. y 8
5  3, 8  y3
 
 3   8
The solution is  3, .
3
  
5x 
 y  32x (1)
6.

 y  15x  25, 500 (2)
 y  32
b. Clear fractions by multiplying E1 by 4 and
E2 by 8. y  15x  25, 500
2x  3y  2 (1) 0  17x  25, 500
 x  6 y  19 (2) 17x  25, 500
 x  1500
Solve the new E2 for x.
x  6 y  19 Replace x with 1500 in E1.
Replace x with 6 y  19 in new E1. y  32(1500)  48, 000
2(6 y 19)  3 y  2 The number of backpacks that the company must
sell is 1500.
12 y  38  3 y  2
15 y  40  x  z  4 (1)

y
40 8
 7. 2x  y  4 (2)
15 3  x  y  z  0 (3)
8
Replace y with in the equation Adding E2 and E3 gives 3x  z  4 (4)
3 Adding E1 and E4 gives 4x  8 or x  2

x = 6y + 19. Replace x with 2 in E1.
8 2 z  4
x  6 19
 3  z2
 
x  16 19 Replace x with 2 and z with 2 in E3.
x3 2 y2 0
 8  y0
The solution is  3, . The solution is (2, 0, 2).

 3 
c. Add the equations. 2x  5 y  4 (1)

1 3 1 8.  x  5 y  z  1 (2)
x y   8 4 8
2 4 2
1 3 19
x y
 4x z Add E2 and E3.

5x  5 y  10 (4)
11 (3)
5 15 Add E1 and E4.
x  7x  14
8 8
5x  15 x2
x3 Replace x with 2 in E1.
2(2)  5 y  4
4  5y  4
5y  0
y0

Replace x with 2 in E3. 1 7 y  13

4(2)  z  11 7 y  14
8  z  11 y2
z  3 Replace x with –1 in E3.
The solution is (2, 0, –3). 4(1)  2z  4
4  2z  4
 4 y  2z  5 (1) 2z  0

9. 2x  8 y  5 (2) z0
6x  4z  1 (3) The solution is (–1, 2, 0).

8 y  4z  10  3x  2 y  2z  5 (1)

2x  8y 5 11. x  6 y  z  4 (2)
2x  4z  5 (4)  3x 14 y  7z  20 (3)
Add E3 and E4. Multiply E2 by 3 and add to E1.
8x  4 3x  2 y  2z  5
x 
1 3x 18 y  3z  12
2 16 y  5z  17 (4)
1
Replace x with  in E2. Multiply E3 by –1 and add to E1.
2 3x  2 y  2z  5
 1 3x 14 y  7z  20
2   8y  5
 2  16 y  5z  15 (5)
 
1 8 y  5 Add E4 and E5.
8y  6 16 y  5z  17
3 16 y  5z  15
y
4 0  2 False
Replace x with 
1 The system is inconsistent. The solution is .
in E3.
 1 2
6   4z  1  3z
12.  x  2 yy  2z  11
3 (1)
(2)
  
 2  2z  10 (3)
2x
3  4z  1
4z  4
x  2 y  3z  11
z 1  2 y  4z  6
 1 3 
The solution is   x  z  5 (4)

 2 , 4 , 1 .
 
 
2x  2z  10
5x  7 y
10. 14 y  z 
 928 (1)
(2) 2x  2z  10

 4x  2z  4 (3) 4x  20
x5
Dividing E3 by 2 gives 2x + z = 2. Replace x with 5 in E3.
Add this equation to E2.
2(5)  2z  10
2x  z  2
10  2z  10
14 y  z  28
2z  0
2x 14 y  26 or x  7 y  13 (4) z0
Multiply E4 by –1 and add to E1. Replace z with 0 in E2.

x  7 y  13 y  2(0)  3
5x  7 y  9 y0 3
4x  4 y3
x  1 The solution is (5, 3, 0).

7x  3y  2z  0 (1) 90 y  207 z  297

13. 4x  4 y  z  2 (2) 90 y 145z  235
5x  2 y  3z  1 (3) 62z  62
Multiply E2 by 2 and add to E1. z 1

7x  3y  2z  0 Replace z with 1 in E4.
8x  8y  2z  4 10 y  23(1)  33
15x 11y  4 (4) 10 y  10
Multiply E2 by 3 and add to E3. y 1

12x 12 y  3z  6 Replace y with 1 and z with 1 in E1.
5x  2 y  3z  1 x  3(1)  5(1)  5
17x 10 y  7 (5) x  8  5
Solve the new system. x3

The solution is (3, 1, 1).
15x 11y  4 (4)
17 x 10 y  7 (5)
 15. Let x = the first number, y = the second number,
Multiply E4 by –10, multiply E5 by 11, and add. and z = the third number.
150x 110 y  40 x  y  z  98 (1)


187x 110 y  77  x  y  z  2 (2)
37 x  37  y  4x (3)
x 1 Replace y with 4x in E1 and E2.

Replace x with 1 in E4. x  4x  z  98
15(1) 11y  4 5x  z  98 (4)
15 11y  4 x  4x  z2
11y  11 5x  z  2 (5)

y 1 Add E4 and E5.
Replace x with 1 and y with 1 in E1. 5x  z  98
7(1)  3(1)  2z  0 5x  z  2
4  2z  0 10x  100
2z  4 x  10
z  2 Replace x with 10 in E3.

The solution is (1, 1, –2). y  4(10)  40
x  3y  5z  5 (1) Replace x with 10 and y with 40 in E2.

10  40  z  2
14. 4x  2 y  3z  13 (2)
50  z  2
 5x  3y  4z  22 (3) 48  z
Multiply E1 by –4 and add to E2. The numbers are 10, 40, and 48.
4x 12 y  20z  20
4x  2 y  3z  13 16. Let x = the first number and
10 y  23z  33 (4) y = the second number.
Multiply E1 by –5 and add to E3.  x  3y (1)

2(x  y)  168 (2)

5x 15 y  25z  25 
5x  3y  4z  22 Replace x with 3y in E2.
18 y  29z  47 (5) 2(3 y  y)  168
Solve the new system. 8 y  168
10 y  23z  33 (4) y  21
18 y  29z  47 (5)
 Replace y with 21 in E1.
Multiply E4 by 9, multiply E5 by –5 and add. x  3(21)  63
The numbers are 63 and 21.

17. Let x = speed of first car and c  n  2n  45

y = speed of the second car. c  3n  45
4x  4 y  492 (1) c  3n  45
 y  x  7 (2) Replace r with 2n and c with 3n  45 in E3.


Replace y with x  7 in E1. 3.00(3n  45)  2.70n  2.25(2n)  126
4x  4(x  7)  492 9n 135  2.7n  4.5n  126
8x  28  492 1.8n 135  126
8x  464 1.8n  9
x  58 n5
Replace x with 58 in E2. Replace n with 5 in E1.
y  58  7  65 r  2(5)  10
The cars are going 58 and 65 miles per hour. Replace n with 5 and r with 10 in E2.
c  5 10  45
18. Let w = the width of the foundation and c 15  45
l = the length of the foundation. c  30
 l  3w (1)
2w  2l  296 (2) She should use 30 pounds of creme-filled
 chocolates, 5 pounds of chocolate-covered nuts,
Replace l with 3w in E2. and 10 pounds of chocolate-covered raisins.
2w  2(3w)  296
21. Let x = the number of pennies,
2w  6w  296 y = the number of nickels, and
8w  296 z = the number dimes.
w  37  x  y  z  53 (1)
Replace w with 37 in E1. 
l  3(37)  111 0.01x  0.05y  0.10z  2.77 (2)

 y  z  4 (3)
The foundation is 37 feet wide and 111 feet long. 
Clear the decimals from E2 by multiplying by

19. Let x = liters of 10% solution and 100.
y = liters of 60% solution. x  5 y 10z  277 (4)
 x y  50 (1) Replace y with z  4 in E1.
0.10x  0.60 y  0.40(50) (2) x  z  4  z  53


Solve E1 for y. x  2z  49 (5)
y  50  x Replace y with z  4 in E4.
Replace y with 50  x in E2. x  5(z  4) 10z  277
0.10x  0.60(50  x)  0.40(50) x 15z  257 (6)

10[0.10x  0.60(50  x)]  10[0.40(50)] Solve the new system.
x  6(50  x)  4(50) x  2z  49 (5)
x 15z  257 (6)

x  300  6x  200 
5x  100 Multiply E5 by –1 and add to E6.
x  20 x  2z  49

Replace x with 20 in the equation y = 50  x. x 15z  257

y  50  20  30 13z  208
He should use 20 liters of 10% solution and z  16
30 liters of 60% solution. Replace z with 16 in E3.
x  2(16)  49
20. Let c = pounds of chocolate used,
n = pounds of nuts used, and x  32  49
r = pounds of raisins used. x  17
 r  2n (1) Replace z with 16 in E3.
 y  16  4  20
 c  n  r  45 (2)
3.00c  2.70n  2.25r  2.80(45) (3) He has 17 pennies, 20 nickels, and 16 dimes in
his jar.
Replace r with 2n in E2.

22. Let l = rate of interest on the larger investment f

Replace f with 120 the equation .
and s = the rate of interest on the smaller 2
investment, both expressed as decimals. 120
10, 000l  4000s  1250 (1) t  2  60

 l  s  0.02 (2)
 The first number is 120, the second number is
Replace l with s  0.02 in E1. 115, and the third number is 60.
10, 000(s  0.02)  4000s  1250
10, 000s  200  4000s  1250 3x 10 y  1
25. 
14, 000s  1050  x  2 y  1
1050 3 10 1
s  0.075
14, 000  1 2 1
and l = 0.075 + 0.02 = 0.095. Interchange R1 and R2.

The interest rate on the larger investment is 9.5%
1 2 1
and the rate on the smaller investment is 7.5%.
3 10 1 
23. Let x = length of the equal sides and Multiply R1 by –3 and add to R2.
y = length of the third side.  1 2 1
2x  y  73 (1) 0 4 4 

 y  x  7 (2)
 Divide R2 by 4.
Replace y with x  7 in E1.  1 2 1
2x  x  7  73 0 1 1
3x  66 x  2 y  1
x  22 This corresponds to  .
Replace x with 22 in E2.  y 1
y  22  7  29 x  2(1)  1
Two sides of the triangle have length 22 cm and x  3
the third side has length 29 cm. The solution is (–3, 1).
24. Let f = the first number, s = the second number, 3x  6 y  12 3x  6 y  12
26.   
, or 
and t = the third number.  2 y x 4 x  2 y  4

f  s  t  295 (1)  3 6 12
 f  s  5 (2)  1 2 4 
f  2t (3) Divide R1 by 3.
Solve E2 for s and E3 for t.  1 2 4
s  f 5  1 2 4 
f
t 2 Add R1 to R2.
f  1 2 4
Replace s with f – 5 and t with 2 0
in E1. 0
0 
f x  2 y  4
This corresponds to .
f  f 5  295 
2  00
5 This is a dependent system. The solution is
f  300
2 {(x, y)|3x  6y = 12}.
f  120
3x  2 y  8
Replace f with 300 in the equation s = f  5. 27. 
s  120  5  115 6x  5 y  11
3 2 8
6 5 11
Divide R1 by 3.

 3x  6 y  0
 1 23

 83 
 29. 2x  4 y  5
6 5 11 
Multiply R1 by –6 and add to R2. 3 6 0
 1 2  2 4 5
 8 
 3 3 
0 9 27 Divide R1 by 3.
Divide R2 by 9.  1 2 0
 1 2  8   2 4 5
 3 3 
0 1 3  Multiply R1 by –2 and add to R2.

 2 8
x  y    1 2 0
This corresponds to  3 3. 0 8 5 
 y3 Divide R2 by 8.
2 8
x  (3)    1 2 0
 5 

3 3
8 0 1 8 
x2  
3 x  2 y  0

x 
2 This corresponds to  5.
y
3  2  8
 5
The solution is   x2 0
 
 3 , 3
. 
 8
  5
 x 0
 6x  6 y  5 4
28.  5
10x  2 y  1 x
 6 6 5 4
10 2 1 5 5
The solution is , .
 4 8 
Divide R1 by 6.  
 1 1  5 
 6   30. 5x  3y  10
2x  y  1
10 2 1 

Multiply R1 by –10 and add to R2. 
 1 1  5   5 3 10
 6   2 1 1
0 8 28

3  Divide R1 by 5.

Divide R2 by 8.  1 3 2 
 1 1  5  
 5 
 6  2 1 1
0 1 7

6  Multiply R1 by 2 and add to R2.
Add R2 to R1. 1  3 2 
1 0 1   5 
 7 
3 0 1 3
0 1 
6 
5
Multiply R2 by –5.
 1
x 1  3 2 
 3
This corresponds to  . The solution is  5 
 y  7 0 1 15
 6  3
x  y  2
1 7 This corresponds to  5 .
 3 , 6 .  y  15
 

3  1 23 83 
x  5 (15)  2  
x9  2 0 1 1
 2 8
x  7 x  y 
The solution is (–7, –15). This corresponds to  3 3.

 y 1
0.2x  0.3y  0.7 2 8

31.  x  (1) 
0.5x  0.3y  1.4 3 3
0.2 0.3 0.7 x2
0.5 0.3 1.4  The solution is (2, 1).
Multiply both rows by 10 to clear decimals.  x z4


2 3 7 33. 2x  y 0
 5 3 14   x  y  z  0
Divide R1 by 2. 1 0 1 4
 1 3  7  2 1 
0 0
2  
 2
5
 3 14  1 1 1 0
Multiply R1 by –5 and add to R2. Multiply R1 by –2 and add to R2. Multiply R1
 1 3  7  by –1 and add to R3.
 2 2  1 0 1 4
21 63
0 2 
 0 1 2 8
2 
2 1 2 4
Multiply R2 by . 0
21 Multiply R2 by –1.
1  3  7  1 0 1 4
2  0 8 
 2 1 2
0
3   
 1 2 4
1
 3 7 0
x  y   Multiply R2 by –1 and add to R3.

This corresponds to   2 2. 1 0 1 4
 y3 0 1 2 8 
3 7  
x  (3)   0 0 4 12 
2 2 The solution is Divide R3 by –4.

9 7
x  (1, 3). 1 0 1 4
2 2 0 1 2 8
x 1  
  0 0 1 3
 
 x z  4
32. 3x  2 y  8  This corresponds to  y  2z  8 .
3x  y  5 
 z3
3 2 8 y  2(3)  8
3 1 5 y68
Divide R1 by 3. y2
 1 2 8  x3  4
3 3 
  x 1
3 1 5 The solution is (1, 2, 3).

1 2 8 
3 
 3

0 3 3
Divide R2 by –3.

2x  5 y 4 3x  y  11

34.  x  5 y  z  1 35.  x  2z  13
4x  z  11  y  z  7
2 5 0 4 3 1 0 11
 1 5 1 1 1 0 2 13
   
4 0 1 11 0 1 1 7 
 
Interchange R1 and R2. Interchange R1 and R2.
 1 5 1 1  1 0 2 13
2 5 0 4  3 1 0 11
   
4 0 1 11 0 1 1 7
Multiply R1 by –2 and add to R2. Multiply R1 Interchange R2 and R3.

by –4 and add to R3.  1 0 2 13
 1 5 1 1 0 1 1 7
0 15 2 6  
0 20 5 15  3 1 0 11
  Multiply R1 by –3 and add to R3.

Divide R2 by 15. 1 0 2 13
 1 5 1 1 0 1 1 7
0 2   
0 1 6 28 
2
1 15 5 

0
 20 5 15 Add R2 to R3.
Multiply R2 by –20 and add to R3. 1 0 2 13
  0 1 1 7

1 1   

1 5
 0 0 7 35 
 
0 1  2 2 
15 5  Divide R3 by –7.
   1 0 2 13
0 0 
7
7 
 3 0 1 1 7
Multiply R3 by  3
 
7. 0 0 1 5
 1 5 1 1  x  2z  13
0 
1  2
 This corresponds to  y  z  7.
15 25 
0 0
 1 3  z5

y  5  7
x  5 y  z  1 y  2

 2 2 x  2(5)  13
This corresponds to  y  z  .

15 5 x3
z  3 The solution is (3, –2, 5).

2 2
y  (3)  5x  7 y  3z  9
15 5 
2 2 36.  14 y  z  28
y   4x  2z  4
5 5
y0 5 7 3 9
x  5(0)  (3)  1 0 14 1 28
 

x  3  1 4 0 2 4 
x2 Divide R1 by 5.
The solution is (2, 0, –3).  1 75 3 9 

5 
 5

 0 14 1 28 
 4 0 2 4
 

1 7 3 9   1 1 1 1 
 5 5 5   4 2 
0 14 1 28 7 3 2 0
0  28 2  56  5 2 3 1
 5 5 5   
Divide R2 by 14. Multiply R1 by –7 and add to R2. Multiply R1
1 7 3 9  by –5 and add to R3.
 5 5 5   1 1  1 1 
0 1  1 2  4 2

 
 72 
14
28  0 4 15
52 56
0  5 5 
4
 
28 0 7
17
4  32 
Multiply R2 by and add to R3. Divide R2 by 4.

5
 1 1 14 1 
1 7
5 35 95   
2
 
  0 15 7
2
1
0 1 14
1
 16 8
17 3 
0 0 54 0  0 7 4  2

Multiply R3 by 5 .  1 1 1 1 
4  4 2 
 1 75 3 9 
5 
0

1 15
16  78 
 5
 
0 1  0  37  
1 2 0 37
 14   16 8 
1 0   16
0 0  Multiply R3 by  .

 7 3 9 37
x  5 y  5 z  5  1 1 14 1 
 2


 1
This corresponds to  y  14 z  2 . 0

1 15
16  78 

 2
 z0 0 0 1
  1 1
 x y z
1 4  2
y (0)  2  y  15 z   7 .
14 This corresponds to 
y2  16 8
7 3
x  (2)  (0) 
9
x
14 9
 
5 5 5 5 5 
x  1
15 7 z  2
y (2)  
16 8
15 7
y  
The solution is (–1, 2, 0). 8 8
y 1
7x  3y  2z  0 1 1

37.  4x  4 y  z  2 x 1 4 (2)  2
 5x  2 y  3z  1
1 1
3 x 1 
7 2 0 2 2
4 4 1 2 x 1
 
5 2 3 1 The solution is (1, 1, –2).
Interchange R1 and R2.

4 4 1 2
7 3 2 0
 
5 2 3 1
Divide R1 by 4.

 x  2 y  3z  14 y
 5
38.  y  2z  3
 2x  2z  10
1 2 3 14
0 1 2 3 5x
 
2 0 2 10  
1 2 3 14
0 3
 1 2
0 4 8 18  41. x  2 y  0
   x  y  6

Multiply R2 by 4 and add to R3.
 1 2 3 14
0 1 2 3 
The solution is the intersection of the solution
  regions. The solution of the system is the darker
0 0 0 6 shaded region. This solution includes the part of
 x  2 y  3z  14 the solid boundary line that borders the region

This corresponds to  y  2z  3 . but not the dashed boundary line or the point
 where the boundary lines intersect.
0  6 y
This system is inconsistent. The solution is . 10
 y  2x  3
39. 
y  2x 1
Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes. 10 x
regions. The solution of the system is the darker
y 42. x  2 y  7
5
 x  y  5

5x shaded region. This solution includes parts of
y
10
 y  3x  3
40. 
y  2x  7
Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes. 10 x

3x  2 y  4 x  3y  7
 
43.  2x  y  5 46.  y5
 y4  x0

Graph all three inequalities on the same set of  y0
axes. The solution set of the system is the shaded Graph the inequalities on the same set of axes.
region. The parts of the boundary lines that The intersection of the inequalities is the solution
border the shaded region are part of the solution. region. It is the only shaded region in this graph
y
5
and includes the portion of all four boundary
lines that border the shaded region.
y
4
5x
7x
 4x  y  0

44. 3x  2 y  5
 y  4 47.  y  x  5
 y  2x  2
Graph all three inequalities on the same set of 
axes. The solution set of the system is the shaded We substitute x − 5 for y in the second equation.
region. The parts of the boundary lines that x  5  2x  2
border the shaded region are part of the solution. 3x  7
y 7
5 x
3
7
Replace x with in the first equation.
3
5 x 7 7 15 8
y  5    
3 3 37 83

The solution is  ,  .
3 3 
x  2 y  5
 x2 2 3
45.  x0 48.  5 x  4 y  1

 y0  x  3y  2
Graph the inequalities on the same set of axes. Multiply both sides of the first equation by 20 to
The intersection of the inequalities is the solution eliminate fractions.
region. It is the only shaded region in this graph  2 3 
and includes the portion of all four boundary 20  x  y  20(1)
5 4 
lines that border the shaded region.
 x  3 y  2
y 
5
8x 15 y  20

 x  3y  2

Multiply both sides of the second equation by −5
and add to the first equation to eliminate y.
5x
 8x 15 y  20
5x 15 y  10

3x  30
x  10

To find y, replace x with 10 in the second  

equation. 3 2
1 0
 
0 1 1 22 
10  3y  2 9 
3y  12 0 9
 240 
 0  48 
y  4  9 9 
48
The solution is (10, 4). Multiply row 3 by  9 .
5x  2 y  10  1 3 2 0
 0 22 
49.  x
2
y2 1 19 9 
 5 0 0 1 5
Multiply both sides of the second equation by 5. This matrix represents the system
5x  2 y  10 x  3y  2z  0
 
2  y  1 z  22 .
 
 5x  5 y  2  
9 9
 5   z5
5x  2 y  10 Replace z with 5 in the second equation to find y.
 5x  2 y 10 1 22
 y  (5) 
Subtract 2y from both sides of the second 9 9
22 5 27
equation. y 3  
5x  2 y  10 9 9 9
5x  2 y  10 Replace y with 3 and z with 5 in the first

The equations are the same. The system has an equation to find x.
infinite number of solutions. The solution set can x  3(3)  2(5)  0
be written as {(x, y)|5x  2y = 10}. x  9 10  0
x 1  0
 x  4y  4 x  1

50. 1 x  1 y  3 The solution is (–1, 3, 5).

 8 2
52. Let x = the first number
Multiply the second by −8 and add to the first y = the second number
equation to eliminate x.  x  3y  5
 x  4y  4 x  y  127
x  4 y  24 

Substitute 3y − 5 for x in the second equation.
The equation 0 = −20 is false. The system has no
(3 y  5)  y  127
solution. The solution set is { } or .
4 y  5  127
 x  3y  2z  0 4 y  132

51.  9 y  z  22 y  33
5x  3z  10 Replace y with 33 in the first equation to find x.

x  3(33)  5  99  5  94
 1 3 2 0 The numbers are 94 and 33.

The corresponding matrix is 0 9 1 22
 
5 0 3 1053. Let x = length of the shortest side
Multiply row 1 by −5 and add to row 3. y = length of the second side
 1 3 2 0 z = length of the third side
0 9 1 22 x  y  z  126
  
 y  2x
0 15 7 10  z  x 14
Divide row 2 by 9.
 1 3 2 0 Substitute 2x for y and x + 14 for z in the first
0 1 22  equation.
1 9 9 

0 15 7 10
Multiply row 2 by −15 and add to row 3.

x  2x  (x 14)  126 B. 3(1)  0  2(2) 7

4x 14  126 7  7 True
4x  112 1  0  (2) 1
x  28 1  1 True
y = 2x = 2(28) = 56 5(1)  (2) 3
z = x + 14 = 28 + 14 = 42 3  3 True
The lengths are 28 units, 42 units, and 56 units. (1, 0, 2) is a solution of system B.
 1
C. In (1, 0, 2), x = 1, y = 0, and z = 2. Thus,
 y  3x 
54.  2 (1, 0, 2) cannot be a solution of the
3x  4 y  6 equation x = 2. Thus (1, 0, 2) cannot be a
Graph both inequalities on the same set of axes. solution of the system.
regions. The solution of the system is the darker D. In (1, 0, 2), x = 1, y = 0, and z = 2. Thus,
shaded region. This solution includes parts of (1, 0, 2) cannot be a solution of the
both boundary lines. equation y = 1. Thus, (1, 0, 2) cannot be a
y solution of the system.
5
(1, 0, 2) is a solution of system B.
 4x  y 0 4x 1y  0z  0
x 
5 3.  x  z  1 or  1x  0 y 1z  1
 3y  z  12  0x  3 y 1z  12
4 1 0 0 
The correct matrix is 1 0 1 1  ; C.
 
 y  16.0x  666 0 3 1 12 
55. 
y  24.8x  872
Substitute 16x + 666 for y in the second Use the following system and choices for
equation. Exercises 46.
16x  666  24.8x  872  3x  y  2z  3 Equation (1)
40.8x  666  872 
 4x  y  z  5 Equation (2)
40.8x  206  x  5 y  3z  12 Equation (3)
x  5.0  5
1995 + 5 = 2000 A. [Equation (1)] + [Equation (2)]
The number of newspapers printed as morning 3x  y  2z  3
editions was the same as the number printed as
4x  y  z  5
evening editions in 2000.
7x  z  8
Chapter 4 Getting Ready for the Test
B. [Equation (1)] + 3  [Equation (3)]

1. Since the equation 2 = 0 is a false statement, 3x  y  2z  3
the original system of equations has no solution; 3x 15y  9z  36
C. 14 y 11z  39
2. A. 5(1)  0  (2)  7
7  7 False C. [Equation (1)] + 2  [Equation (2)]

Since (1, 0, 2) is not a solution of 3x  y  2z  3

5x  y z = 7, it cannot be a solution of the 8x  2 y  2z  10
system. 11x  y  13

D. [Equation (1)] + [Equation (3)] 5(1)  4 y  17

3x  y  2z  3 4 y  12
x  5 y  3z  12 y3
2x  4 y  5z  15 The solution is (1, 3).
4. The variable x is eliminated in choice B. 7x 14 y  5 (1)

2. 
 x  2 y (2)
5. The variable y is eliminated in choice A. y
5
6. The variable z is eliminated in choice C.
 x  3
7. 
y  3 5x
The solution area is both to the left of x = 3
(x  3) and below y = 3 (y  3); C.
 x  3 By substitution:
8.


y3 Replace x with 2y in E1.
7(2 y) 14 y  5
The solution area is both to the left of x = 3
14 y 14 y  5
(x  3) and above y = 3 (y  3); D.
0  5 False
x  3 The system is inconsistent. The solution set is .
9. 
y  3 4x  7 y  29
The solution area is both to the right of x = 3 3. 
(x  3) and above y = 3 (y  3); B. 2x  5 y  11
x  3 4x 10 y  22
10.  4x  7 y  29
y  3
The solution area is both to the right of x = 3 17 y  51
(x  3) and below y = 3 (y  3); A. y  3
Chapter 4 Test 4x  7(3)  29
4x  21  29
 2x  y  1 (1) 4x  8
1.
5x  4 y  17 (2)
 x2
y The solution is (2, –3).

5
(1, 3)
15x  6 y  15
4. 
10x  4 y  10
Divide E1 by 3 and E2 by 2.
5x 5x  2 y  5

5x  2 y  5
The system is dependent. The solution is
By elimination: {(x, y)|10x + 4y = 10}.
Multiply E1 by 4 and add it to E2.
5x  4 y  17
8x  4 y  4
 2x  4 (1)
3y 5.  3 y  2z  2 (2)
13x  13  x  z  5 (3)
x 1 Add E1 and E2.

Replace x with 1 in E2. 2x  2z  6 or x  z  3 (4)
Add E3 and E4.

xz 3  x  y  2
8.
x  z  5 3x  3y  6

2x  2 1 1 2
x  1 3 3 6 
Replace x with –1 in E3. Multiply R1 by –3 and add to R2.

1 z  5  1 1 2
z  4 so z  4
0 0 0 
x  y  2
2(1)  3y  4 This corresponds to .
 00
2  3y  4 
3y  6 This is a dependent system. The solution is

y  2 {(x, y)|x  y = 2}.
The solution is (–1, –2, 4).

9.  x  2 y  1
2x  5 y  5
3x  2 y  z  1 (1)
 
6. 2x  2 y 4 (2) 1 2 1
2x  2z  12 (3)  2 5 5
Multiply E2 by –1 and add to E1. Multiply R1 by –2 and add to R2.

3x  2 y  z  1
1 2 1
2x  2 y  4 0 1 3
x  z  5 (4) x  2 y  1
Multiply E4 by –2 and add to E3. This corresponds to .
 y  3
2x  2z  12 
2x  2z  10 x  2(3)  1
0  2 False x  6  1
The system is inconsistent. The solution set is . x5
The solution is (5, –3).

 x y 3  x  y  z  0
 
 
7.  2 3 4 4 10. 3x  y  5z  2
x  y  4 2x  3 y  5
 4
Clear fractions by multiplying both equations by  1 1 1 0

3 1 5 2
4.
 
2x  y  3 (1) 2 3 0 5

4x  3 y  16 (2) Multiply R1 by –3 and add to R2. Multiply R1

Multiply E1 by –2 and add to E2. by –2 and add to R3.
4x  2 y  6  1 1 1 0
4x  3y  16 0 2 2 2

 

y  10 0 5 2 5 
Replace y with –10 in E1. Divide R2 by 2.
2x  (10)  3  1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1
7
2x  7 so x   
2 0 5 2 5
7
The solution is ,  Multiply R2 by –5 and add to R3.
 10 .  1 1 1 0
2  0 1 1 1
 
0 0 7 0 
Divide R3 by 7.

 1 1 1 0 14. Let x = measure of the smallest angle. Then the

0 1 1 1 largest angle has a measure of 5x  3, and the
  remaining angle has a measure of 2x  1.The
0 0 1 0 
x  y  z  0 sum of the three angles must add to 180:
 a  b  c  180
This corresponds to  y  z  1.
 z0 x  5x  3   2x 1  180
x  5x  3  2x 1  180
y  0  1
8x  4  180
y  1
8x  184
x  (1)  0  0
x  23
x 1  0
x  1 5x  3  523  3  115  3  112
The solution is (–1, –1, 0). 2x 1  223 1  46 1  45

The angle measures are 23, 45, and 112.
11. Let x = double occupancy rooms and
y = single occupancy rooms. 2 y  x  1

 x y  80 (1) 15.  x  y  4
 
90x  80 y  6930 (2) y2
Multiply E1 by –80 and add to E2. Graph all three inequalities on the same set of
80x  80 y  6400 axes. The solution set of the system is the shaded
90x  80 y  6930 region. The parts of the boundary lines that
10x  530
x  53 y
Replace x with 53 in E1. 10

53  y  80
y  27
53 double-occupancy and 27 single-occupancy
rooms are occupied. 10 x
12. Let x = gallons of 10% solution and

y = gallons of 20% solution.
 x y  20 (1) The break-even point occurs when R(x)  C(x) .

0.10x  0.20 y  0.175(20) (2)
 4x  1.5x  2000
Multiply E1 by –0.10 add to E2. 2.5x  2000
0.10x  0.10 y  2.0 x  800
0.10x  0.20 y  3.5 The company must sell 800 packages to breakeven.
0.10 y  1.5
y  15
x 15  20
x5
They should use 5 gallons of 10% fructose
solution and 15 gallons of the 20% solution.
13. R(x)  4x and C(x)  1.5x  2000

C .
ha
pt b. Since 7 is not one of the
er three numbers listed in the
4 set, the statement is true.
C
u 2. a. Since 7 is not an element of the
m second set, the first set is not
a subset of the second set.
ul
The statement is false.
ati
ve b. Since all three numbers in the
Re first set are also elements of
vie the second set, the first setis
w a subset of the second set.
The statementis true.
1. a
. 3. a. 11 + 2  7 = 13  7 = 6
S
i b. 5  4 + 2 = 9 + 2 = 7
n
c
e
3
i
s
a
n
a
t
u
r
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
,
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
t
r
u
e
4. a. 7  (2)  7  2  5 13. 0.3x  0.1  0.27x  0.02

0.03x  0.12
b. 14  38  24 x  4
5. a. The opposite of 4 is 4. 14. 2(m  6)  m  4(m  3)  3m

2m 12  m  4m 12  3m
3 3
b. The opposite of is  . m 12  m 12
7 7 0  0 Always True
The solution is all real numbers.
c. The opposite of –11.2 is 11.2.
15. Let x = length of the third side, then
1 2x + 12 = length of the two equal sides.
6. a. The reciprocal of 5 is .
5 x  (2x 12)  (2x 12)  149
5x  24  149
b. The reciprocal of 
2 3
is  . 5x  125
3 2 x  25
2(25) 12  50 12  62
7. a. 3(2x  y)  6x  3y The sides are 25 cm, 62 cm, and 62 cm.
b. (3x 1)  3x 1 16. Let x = measure of the equal angles,

x + 10 = measure of the third angle, and
1
c. 0.7a b  2  0.7ab 1.4a x = measure of the fourth angle.
2
1
8. a. 7(3x  2 y  4)  21x 14 y  28 x  x  (x 10)  x  360
2
7
b. (2s  3t)  2s  3t x 10  360
2
7
9. a. 3x  5x  4  (3  5)x  4  2x  4 x  350
2
b. 7 yz  yz  (7 1) yz  8 yz 7 x  700
x  100
c. 4z  6.1  4z  6.1 x 10  100 10  110
1 1
x  (100)  50
10. a. 5 y2 1 2( y2  2)  5 y2 1 2 y2  4 2 2
The measure of the angles are 100, 100, 110,
 7 y2  3
and 50.
b. (7.8x 1.2)  (5.6x  2.4) 17. 3x  4  2x  6

 7.8x 1.2  5.6x  2.4 x  10
 2.2x  1.2 [10, )
11. 4x 1 5x  9x  3  7x –10

x 1  2x  3
x  4 18. 5(2x 1)  5
x  4 10x  5  5
10x  0
12. 8 y 14  6 y 14 y 0
2y  0 
x0
(0, )

19. 2  4  x  7 d. (–2, 0) is on the x-axis.

2  x  3  1 
2  x  3 e.  ,  4 is in quadrant III.
3  x  2  2 
  
 (–3, 2)
f. (1.5, 1.5) is in quadrant I.
 2x 1
20. 1  1 26. a. (–1, –5) is in quadrant III.
3 1
2x
3(1)  3  3(1) b. (4, –2) is in quadrant IV.
 3 
 3  2x 1  3 c. (0, 2) is on the y-axis.
 2  2x  4
1  x  2 27. No; for the input x = 4, there are two outputs,
 2  x 1 y = 2.
(–2, 1) 1
28. 2x  y  2, or y  4x  4
21. 2x  5  7 2
y y = 4x – 4
2x  2 5
2x  2 or 2x  2
x  1 or x  1
22. x 5  4 5x
x  5  4 or x  5  4
x  9 or x 1
23. m6  2 29. f (x)  7x2  3x 1, g(x)  8x  2

2  m  6  2
4 m 8
a. f (1)  7(1)2  3(1) 1  7  3 1  5
(4, 8)
b. g(1)  8(1)  2  8  2  6
24. 2x 1  5
2x 1  5 or 2x 1  5
2x  6 or 2x  4 c. f (2)  7(2)2  3(2) 1
 7(4)  6 1
x  3 or x2
 28  6 1
(,  3)  (2, )
 35
25. y
c 5b d. g(0)  8(0)  2  0  2  2
II I
f 30. f (x)  3x2
d

5x a. f (5)  3(5)2  3(25)  75

a
III e IV
b. f (2)  3(2)2  3(4)  12
a. (2, –1) is in quadrant IV.
b. (0, 5) is on the y-axis.
c. (–3, 5) is in quadrant II.

31. g(x) = 2x + 1 and f(x) = 2x b. x  3y  2

y
g
3y  x  2
5 f 1 2
y x 
3 3
1
m
5 x
3
2x  6 y  5
6 y  2x  5
1 5
y   x
The graph of g is the graph of f shifted 1 unit up. 3 6
1
m
32. m  9  6  3 3
0  (2) 2 Neither, since the slopes are not equal and

their product is not –1.
33. 3x  4 y  4
1
4 y  3x  4 36. y  (9)  (x  0)
3 5
y  x 1 1
4 y9  x
3 5
m  , y-intercept  (0, 1) 1

4 y x9
5
34. y2 5  0 5 5
m  0, y-intercept  (0, 2) 37. m   

4  4 8 8
3x  7 y  4 5
35. a. y  0  (x  4)
7 y  3x  4 8
3 4 5 5
y   x y  x
7 7 8 2
3 5 5
m f (x)  x 
7 8 2
1 1 1 1
6x 14 y  7 38. f (x)  x or y  x
14 y  6x  7 2 3 2 3
3 1 1
y   x m so m 2
7 2 2
3 y  6  2[x  (2)]
m
7 y  6  2(x  2)
Parallel, since the slopes are equal. y  6  2x  4
y  2x  2
39. 3x  y, or y  3x
Graph the boundary line y  3x with a solid line
because the inequality symbol is .

Test: (0, 1)
3x  y
3 0  1
0  1 False

Shade the half-plane that does not contain (0, 1). 5(1)  y  2
y 5  y  2
5
y3
 3x  y  z  15 (1)
43.  x  2 y  z  1
5 x
(2)
 2x  3 y  2z  0 (3)
Add E1 and E2.
4x  y  14 (4)
40. x  1 Multiply E1 by 2 and add to E3.
Graph the boundary line x  1 with a solid line 6x  2 y  2z  30
because the inequality symbol is . 2x  3y  2z  0
Shade the half-plane that does not contain (0, 0). 8x  y  30 (5)
y
x≥1
5 Solve the new system:
4x  y  14 (4)
8x  y  30 (5)

5x 4x  y  14
8x  y  30
4x  16
x  4
x  y  2 Replace x with –4 in E4.
41. a. 2x  y  3 4(4)  y  14

(1) 1  2 16  y  14
11  2 y2
2  2 True Replace x with –4 and y with 2 in E1.
2(1)  (1)  3 3(4)  (2)  z  15
12  2  z  15
2 1  3
3  3 True 14  z  15
Yes, (–1, 1) is a solution. z  1
The solution is (–4, 2, –1).
5x  3 y  1  x  2y  z  0 (1)
b.
 x  y 1 
 44. 3x  y  2z  15 (2)

5(2)  3(3)  1  2x  3y  3z  7 (3)

10  9  1 Multiply E1 by 2 and add to E2.
1  1 True
2x  4 y  2z  0
2  3  1
3x  y  2z  15
 5  1 False
No, (–2, 3) is not a solution. 5x  5 y  15 or x  y  3 (4)

 5x  y  2 (1) 3x  6 y  3z  0
42. 4x  2 y  10 (2) 2x  3y  3z  7


Multiply E1 by 2 and add to E2.  x  3y  7 (5)
10x  2 y  4 Add E4 and E5.

4x  2 y  10 2y  4
y2
14x  14
x  1 Replace y with 2 in E4.

x  2  3 6x  8 y  0
x  1 46. 
9x 12 y  2
Replace x with –1 and y with 2 in E1. 6 8 0
1 2(2)  z  0
5  z  0  9 12 2 
z5 Divide R1 by 6.
The solution is (–1, 2, 5).  1 4 0

 3 
x  3y  5  9 12 2
45. 2x  y  4 Multiply R1 by 9 and add to R2.


 1 43 0
1 3 5  
 2 1 4 0 0 2
Multiply R1 by –2 and add to R2. This corresponds to the system.

 4
1 3 5 x  y  0
0 7 14   3 .
Divide R2 by –7.  02
1 3 5 The system is inconsistent. The solution set is .

0 1 2 
x  3y  5
This corresponds to .
 y2

x  3(2)  5
x65
x  1

Intermediate Algebra 7th Edition Martin Gay Solutions Manual Download

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Intermediate Algebra 7th Edition Martin Gay Solutions Manual Download

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Intermediate Algebra 7th Edition Martin Gay Solutions Manual Download

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solution Manual for Intermediate Algebra 7th edition by Martin

Gay 0134196171 9780134196176

x  4 y  1 5  5 True 25 7

x  3y  8 The lines appear to be parallel. The first equation

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 149

in the first equation. Replace x with 2 in the second equation to find y.

Solve the second equation for x. 8  5 y  8

5 y  2 If we multiply the second equation by 4, the

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 151

 equations of the system in order to be a solution

–10 8. Step 2 says to multiply one or both equations by

(2.11, 0.17) a nonzero number to get opposite coefficients on

2x  5 y  2 12. 4x  y  6

Yes, (12, 6) is a solution of the system. 5

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 151

152 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Clear fractions by multiplying each equation by 3

Add these equations to get 8x  16

154 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

4(1)  5 y  9 Add these equations to get 7x  35

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 155

156 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

2x  5 y  1 Multiply E1 by 10 and E2 by 3.

 x  7 y  21 4x 10 y  20

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 157

x  (5x)  4 Replace x with –4 in the equation 3x + 4y = 0.

158 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

0.7x  0.6 y  1.3 72.  9x  8 y  z  31

Multiply both equations by 10.  4 y  2z  43

 x  3y  5.3 78. 0, 1, or 2; answers may vary

 2x  6 y  10.6 demand is greater than supply.

160 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Replace x with 3 in the first equation. 2 3

In 2015, income was equal to expenditures. 1 1

Multiply E1 by 2 and E2 by 3, then add.

Replacing with b, we have 9a  6b  54

Replace b with 5 in the equation x + 2b = 7. 1 1

Multiply E1 by 2 and add to E2 to get .

162 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

3x  2 y z0 3x  4 y  06 (1)

164 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Since the three equations are identical, there are b. x  y  z  3

5. x  2z  4 (2) 2(2) 1 (4) 1

Solve equation (2) for x and equation (3) for y. 1  1 True

Substitute 2z  4 for x and 3z + 30 for y in 2  3(1)  (4) 1

(1)  3  2(1) 0 3x  z  8 (4)

1 2(3)  3(1) 2 4x  7z  5 (5)

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 165

1 6  3 2 Multiply equation (4) by 7 and add it to equation

166 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

The solution of the system is (3, 3, 1). 1

3x  y  4z  15 (3) 1

Multiply equation (2) by 4 and add it to  x  5z  0 (3)

equation (3) to eliminate z. 4x  4 y  4z  0

4x  2 y  4z  4 Add equations (2) and (3) to eliminate x.

Replace y with 2 in equation (4). Replace z with 0 in equation (2).

168 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

14. 7x  3 y  z  33 (2)

7x  3y  z  33 8x  2 y  6z  10 (3)