Combined Mathematics

Simple Harmonic
Motion

B.Raveendran B.Sc
1.  ePsKk;  kPs;jd;ik kl;LKila ,Nyrhd RUs;tpy;nyhd;W
xg;gkhd fpil Nkir xd;wpd; kPJs;sJ. RUs; tpy;ypd; xUKid
epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;L kW Kidf;F M jpzpT ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

RUs; tpy;> mjd; ePsk; MFk; tiu mKf;fg;gl;L
2
tpLtpf;fg;gLfpwJ. jpzpT Nkirapd; kPJ Mw;Wk; ,af;fk; vspa
,ir ,af;fk; vdf; fhl;b
M
(i) mjd; miyT fhyk; 2 vdTk;

5
(ii) RUs; tpy;ypd; ePsk; Mf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ jpzptpd; fjp
4
3
vdTk; fhl;Lf.
16M

2. a ,aw;if ePsKk;  kPs;jd;ik kl;Lk; nfhz;l ,Nyrhd

kPs;jd;ik ,ionahd;wpd; xU Edp> xg;gkhd fpilNkirapYs;s
O vd;Dk; xU Gs;spf;F ,izf;fg;gl;L> kWKidapy; m
jpzpTila xU Jzpf;if ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. OA = a MFkhW
NkirkPJs;s Gs;sp AapypUe;J> ,j;Jzpf;if OA apd; jpirapy; v

ma
Ntfj;Jld; vwpag;gLfpwJ. Jzpf;if  Neuj;jpd; gpd;dh;

kPz;Lk; A apw;Fj; jpUk;Gnkdf; fhl;Lf.

ma
,af;fj;jpd;NghJ ,ioapd; mjpAah; tphpT v vdf; fhl;Lf.


3. jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if ,aw;if ePsk; a iaAk;

kPs;jd;ik kl;L  itAk; cila xU kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU
EdpAld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ioapd; kw;iwa Edp Xu; xg;gkhd
fpilj;jsj;jpd; kPJ cs;s xU epiyj;j Gs;sp O cld;

VCM 2 B.Raveendran
 ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhlf;fj;jpy; Jzpf;if Gs;sp O tpypUe;J
J}uk; 2a apNy Xa;tpy; itf;fg;gl;L tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ

 ma
Neuk; ,w;F Xu; vspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fnkdf;
2 
fhl;Lf.
4. Xu; xg;gkhd fpilj;jsj;jpd; kPJ cs;s jpzpT m I cila xU
Jzpf;if P ,aw;if ePsk; l IAk; kPs;jd;ik kl;L 2mg iaAk;
cila Xu; ,Nyrhd tpy;ypd; xU EdpAld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
mNj Ntis tpy;ypd; kw;iwa Edp jsj;jpd; kPJ cs;s xU
epiyj;j Gs;sp O cld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhlf;fj;jpy; tpy;
<u;f;fg;glhky; ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis Jzpf;if OP apd; jpir
topNa l ,Yk; ghu;f;ff; Fiwe;j xU J}uj;jpw;F ,lk;
ngau;f;fg;gl;L tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.Neuk; t apy; Jzpf;ifapd;

x MdJ rkd;ghL x + 2 g x = 0 Ij; jpUg;jpahf;F

..
,lg;ngau;r;rp
l
fpd;wJ vd epWTf.
gl
Jzpf;ifapd; mjpAau; Ntfk; vdpd;> ,af;fj;jpd; tPr;rj;ijf;
2
fhz;f.

5. m jpzpTila P vd;DnkhU Jzpf;if> 2  ,aw;if ePsKk; mg

kPs;jd;ik kl;Lk; nfhz;l ,ionahd;wpd; eLg;Gs;spf;F ,izf;
fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ioapd; Kidfs; A, B vd;gd Xh; xg;gkhd
fpilNkirapy; 4 ,ilj;Jhuj;jpYs;s ,U Gs;spfspw;F ,izf;
fg;gl;Ls;sd. njhlf;fj;jpy; Jzpf;if P MdJ NfhL AB ,y;
AP = 3l MFkhW cs;s Gs;spapy; Xa;tpy; gpbf;fg;gl;L
tplg;gLfpwJ. Jzpf;ifahdJ AP = 2l + x MFkhWs;s Gs;spapy;
,Uf;ifapy; ,ioapy; kPs;jd;ik mOj;j rf;jp el;lk; mg

VCM 3 B.Raveendran
 ( 2 − x 2 )
vdf;fhl;Lf.

P apd; Ntfk;> Mh;KLfy; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd Nfhitfis , g, x ,y;
fhz;f.
AB apd; eLg;Gs;spia> P mila vLj;j Neuj;ijf; fhz;f.

6. xg;gkhd fpil Nkir xd;wpYs;s m jpzpTila P vd;DnkhU

Jzpf;if> KiwNa 3a, 2a ,aw;if ePsq;fisAk;  ,2 kPs;jd;ik
kl;Lk; cila ,U ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,iofSf;F
,izf;fg;gl;L> ,ioapd; kWKidfs; NkirapYs;s S , T vd;Dk;
,U epiyahd Gs;spfSf;F ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ST = 7a vdpd;>
9a
Jzpf;if rkepiyapyp Uf;Fk;NghJ SP = vdf; fhl;Lf.
2
NfhL ST ,y;, SP = 5a MFkhW Jzpf;if gpbf;fg;gl;L Xa;tpypUe;J

3ma
tplg;gLfpwJ. njhlUk; ,af;fj;jpy; Jzpf;if ahdJ 

miyT fhyj;ijAila vspa ,ir ,af;fj;ij Mw;Wfpd;w njdf;
fhl;Lf. ,af;fj;jpd; NghJ Jzpf;ifapd; mjpAah; fjpiaf; fhz;f.

7. ,aw;if ePsk; a IAk; kl;L  IAk; cila kPs;jd;ik ,io

xd;wpd; ePsk; x vd;Dk; mstpdhy; <h;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,ioapy;
x 2
cs;s ,Oitia vOjp ,ioapy; Nrkpf;fg;gLk; mOj;jrf;jp
2a
vdf;fhl;Lf. jpzpT m I cila Jzpf;if xd;W ,aw;if ePsk; a
I cila ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapdhy; epiyj;j Gs;sp O
cld; njhLf;fg;gl;L> mg;Gs;spapNy Xa;tpNy gpbf;fg;gl;L>
RahjPdkhf <h;g;gpd; fPo; tpo tplg;gLfpd;wJ. Jzpf;if mjd; kpfj;
jho;e;j jhdj;ij milAk; NghJ ,ioapd; ePsk; 2a MFk;. rf;jpf;
fhg;Gf; Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp> ,ioapd; kPs;jd;ik kl;L 4mg
VCM 4 B.Raveendran
 vdf;fhl;Lf. ,io ,Oitapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mjd; ePl;rp x MdJ
.. 4g a
rkd;ghL x + ( x − ) = 0 Ij; jpUg;jpahf;Ffpd;w njdf; fhl;Lf.
a 4
,t;ntspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; ikaj;ijAk; tPr;rj;ijAk;

a  1 
,dq;fhz;f. Jzpf;if Neuk;  2 2 +  − cos−1   ,w;Fg;
g  3 
gpd;dh; Gs;sp O tpw;F kPz;Lk; tUfpd;wnjdf; fhl;Lf.

8. ,Nyrhd tpw;RUs; AB MdJ Kid A epyj;jpy;

,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; ,ay;G ePsk; b kl;L 2mg MFk;.
,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,io BC MdJ ,ay;G ePsk; 4b kl;L mg
cilaJ. ,jd; Kid B MdJ tpw;RUSld; ,izf;fg;gl;L
Kid C MdJ A apw;F epiyf;Fj;jhf Neh;NkNy 5b cauj;jpy;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. m jpzpTila Jzpf;if B ,w;F ,izf;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ. rkepiyapy; Jzpf;ifapd; Moj;ij C ,d; fPo; fhz;f.
rkepiyj;jhdk; gw;wp rpW epiyf;Fj;jhd miytpd; miyT
fhyj;ijf; fhz;f.

9. a vDk; ,aw;if ePsj;ijAila ,Nyrhd tpy; (RUs;tpy;) xd;W

mjd; fPo;Kid epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;L epiyf;Fj;jhf epw;fpd;wJ. m
jpzpTila Jzpf;ifnahd;W tpy;ypd; Nky; nghUj;jg;gLk; NghJ
a
tpy;yhdJ ,dhy; neUf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;Jzpf;ifahdJ
8
rkepiyapNy Xa;tpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ m jpzpTila ,uz;lhtJ
3a
Jzpf;if KjyhtJ Jzpf;iff;F NkNy cauj;jpy;
8
Xa;tpypUe;J tpotplg;gLfpd;wJ. nkhj;jypd; NghJ ,j;Jzpf;iffs;
xd;W NrUkhapd; tpisAk; ,af;fj;jpd; miyT fhyk; tPrrk;
vd;gtw;iwAk; fhz;f.

VCM 5 B.Raveendran
10. Xh; ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;iktpy; OP apd; xU Kid O MdJ
epiyj;j Gs;sp xd;Wld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kw;iwa Kid P
cld; jpzpT m I cila rpwpa jl;L xd;W njhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
tpy; epiyf;Fj;jhfTk; O tpw;Ff; fPNo P Ak; ,Uf;Fk; rkepiyj;
jhdj;jpNy tpy;ypd; ePl;rp a MFk;. Neuk; t = 0 ,y; jpzpT 2m
I cila Jzpf;if xd;W jl;bd; kPJ nkJthf
itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Neuk; t apy; tpy;ypd; ePl;rp x vdpd;

d 2x g
2
+ ( x − 3a) = 0 vdf; fhl;Lf.
dt 3a
x = 3a + A cost + B sint vd vOjtjd; %yk; A, B Mfpa
g
khwpypfspd; ngWkhdq;fisf; fhz;f; ,q;F  =
2
.
3a
tpy;ypd; cah; ePl;rp 5a vdf; fhl;b> ,J epfOk; NghJ t apd;
ngWkhdj;ijf; fhz;f. jl;bdhy; Jzpf;if kPJ cQw;wg;gLk;
tpiriaf; fz;L> Jzpf;if jl;Lld; njhLifapy; cs;sJ
vd;gij tha;g;Gg; ghh;f;f.

11. jpzpT m cila Jzpf;if xd;W ,aw;if ePsk; l I cila

,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,io xd;wpd; Edp xd;Wld; njhLf;fg;gl;L
ehg;gj;jpNy (rkepiyapNy) njhq;Ffpd;wJ. ,ioapd; kw;iwa Edp
xU epiyj;j Gs;sp O Tld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. O tpw;Ff; fPNo
,lg;ngah;r;rp2l Md xU Gs;sp C apNy Jzpf;if ,Ug;gpd; >
,ioapd; kPs;jd;ik kl;L mg vdf;fhl;Lf.

,g;NghJ C apypUe;J njhlf;ff;fjp gl cld; Jzpf;if

epiyf;Fj;jhf fPo; Nehf;fp vwpag;gLfpd;wJ.
Neuk; t apNy mjd; O tpypUe;jhd fPo;Kf ,lg;ngah;r;rp x MFk;.
.. g
x+ ( x − 2l ) = 0 vdf;fhl;b> Jzpf;ifapd; vspa ,ir
l

VCM 6 B.Raveendran
 ,af;fj;jpd; ikaj;ijAk; Mth;j;jd fhyj;ijAk; ,dq;fhz;f. x
,d; cah; ngWkhdj;ijAk; ,opTg; ngWkhdj;ijAk; ngWf.

12. jpzpT m I cila xU rpwpa xg;gkhd tisaj;jpD}lhfr;

nry;Yk; ,aw;if ePsk; l I cila ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,io
xd;wpd; Edp xd;W ghTifapNy (rPypq;fpNy) xU Gs;sp O cld;
njhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tisak; Gs;sp O tpNy Xa;tpy;
itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; NghJ ,ioapd; kw;iwa EdpAld; ,izf;fg;
gl;Ls;s jpzpT M I cila xU Jzpf;if P ehg;gj;jpy;
(rkepiyapy;) njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ioapd; kPs;jd;ik kl;L
l
2 Mg vdpd;> ehg;gj; jhdj;jpy; ,ioapd; ePl;rp vdf;fhl;Lf.
2
,g;NghJ O tpNy Xa;tpypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLk; tisak; ,io
topNa <h;g;gpd; fPo; epiyf;Fj;jhff; fPo;Kfkha; tOf;fp P cld;
Nkhjp xd;wpizfpd;wJ. tisaj;ijAk; Jzpf;ifiaAk; nfhz;l
m
Nrh;j;jpg;nghUs; Ntfk; 3 gl cld; epiyf;Fj;jhff;
M +m
fPo;Kfkha; ,aq;fj; njhlq;Fnkdf; fhl;Lf.
,ioapd; ePl;rp x Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Nrh;j;jpg;nghUSf;fhd

2Mg
,af;fr; rkd;ghl;bid vOjp Nrh;j;jpg;nghUs; kPbwd;
( M + m)l
cld; vspa ,ir ,af;fj;ij Mw;Wfpd;wnjdf; fhl;Lf.

13. ,aw;if ePsk; l If; nfhz;l ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,io xd;wpd;

xU Edp xU epiyj;j Gs;spAld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mNj
Ntis kw;iwa EdpapypUe;J jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if
P ehg;gj;jpy; (rkepiyapy;) njhq;Ffpd;wJ. epiyf;Fj;J ehg;gj;
jhdj;jpy; ,ioapy; cs;s ePl;rp c MFk;. ,ioapd; kPs;jd;ik
kl;ilf;fhz;f.

VCM 7 B.Raveendran
 Jzpf;if P ehg;gj;jpNy Xa;tpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ rk jpzpTs;s
NtnwhU Jzpf;if Q MdJ P apw;F epiyf;Fj;jhf NkNy Xh;
cauk; c apy; Xa;tpypUe;J tpOe;J P Ald; Nkhjp ,izfpd;wJ.
nkhj;jYf;Fg;gpd;dh; Neuk; t apy; ,ioapy; cs;s ePl;rp x MdJ

x +  2 ( x − 2c ) = 0 Ij; jpUg;jpahf;Ffpd;wnjdf; fhl;Lf:

..
rkd;ghL
g
,q;Nf  =
2
.
2c
x = 2c + a cost + b sint Mf ,Uf;FkhW cs;s a,b Mfpa
khwpypfisf; fhz;f.
,jpypUe;J> Nrh;j;jpj; Jzpf;if nkhj;jy; eilngw;W Neuk;
3 2c
,w;Fg; gpd;dh; fzepiy Xa;tpw;F tUfpd;wnjdf; fhl;b>
4 g
,f;fzj;jpy; ,ioapy; cs;s ePl;rpiaf;fhz;f.

14. ,aw;if ePsk; l IAk; kl;L mgiaAk; cila kPs;jd;ik ,io

xd;W> XH xg;gkhd fpil Nkir kPJ> mjd; xU tpspk;gpypUe;J
J}uk; 2l ,y; cs;s xU epiyj;j Gs;sp Ocld;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if P cld;
,ioapd; kw;iwa Edp ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ePsk; l I cila
,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ikapd;wpa ,io xd;W Jzpf;if Piaj; jpzpT
m I cila XH ,uz;lhk; Jzpf;if Q Tld; njhLf;fpd;wJ.
njhlf;fj;jpNy OP = PQ = l Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Jzpf;if Q MdJ
Nkirapd; tpspk;gpw;F mz;ikapy; itf;fg;gl;L> mjd; kPJ njhFjp
Xa;tpypUe;J ,aq;fj; njhlq;FkhW nkJthfj; js;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
Neuk; t apy; OP = l + x MFk;. mNjhL Jzpf;if P MdJ Nkir
kPJ jq;fpapUf;Fk; mNj Ntis Jzpf;if Q MdJ Nkirapd;
kl;lj;Jf;F fPNo Mok; x ,y; cs;sJ. nghwpKiwr; rf;jpf; fhg;Gf;

VCM 8 B.Raveendran
 Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp my;yJ NtWtpjkhf >
2 2 2

x =  l − (l − x)
2
 vdf; fhl;Lf; ,q;F  2 = 2gl .
P apy; cz;lhFk; vspa,ir ,af;fj;jpd; ikaj;ijAk;

l
tPr;rj;ijAk;fhz;f. fzk; t = ,y; P MdJ Nkirapd;
2g
tpspk;ig milfpd;wnjdf;fhl;b> ,f;fzj;jpy; mjd; fjpiaf;
fhz;f.

15. ,aw;if ePsk; l I cila Xu; ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU

EdpahdJ xU epiyj;j Gs;spO ,y; epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;
mNj Ntis ,ioapd; kw;iwa Edp jpzpT m I cila xU
Jzpf;ifAld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jzpf;if ehg;gj;jpy; njhq;Fk;
3l
NghJ ,ioapd; ePsk; MFk;. ,ioapd; kPs;jd;ik kl;ilf;
2
fhz;f.
,g;NghJ Jzpf;if mjd; ehg;gj; jhdj;jpypUe;J Jhuk; a apw;F
epiyf;Fj;jhff; fPo; Nehf;fp ,Of;fg;gl;L> mt;tplj;jpy; Xa;tpypUe;J
tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Neuk; t ,y; ehg;gj;jhdj;jpypUe;J fPo; Nehf;fp
msf;fg;gl;l Jzpf;ifapd; ,lg;ngau;r;rp x. ,io ,Wf;fkhf
d 2x 2g
+  2 x = 0 vdf; fhl;Lf. ,q;F  =
2
,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; 2
.
dt l
l
(i) a Mf ,Uf;Fk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; eilngWk; ,af;fj;jpd;
2
Mtu;j;jdj;ijAk; tPr;rj;jijAk; fhz;f.

+ b, (b  0 )
l
(ii) a= Mf ,Uf;Fk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ,io Kjypy;
2
l   l 
jsu;tjw;F vLf;Fk; Neuk;  − cos−1   vdf;
2g   l + 2b 
fhl;Lf.
VCM 9 B.Raveendran
 d 2x
 rkd;ghL 2
+  2 x = 0 ,d; jPu;T x = A cost + B sint vdf;
dt
nfhs;syhk;; ,.q;F A, B Mfpad Jzpag;gl Ntz;ba ,U

khwpypfshFk;. 
16. ,aw;if ePsk; l I cila Xh; ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU
Edp xU epiyj;j Gs;sp O Tld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
mNjNtis kw;iwa Edpapy; KiwNa m,3m vd;Dk; jpzpTfis
cila P ,Q vd;Dk; ,U Jzpf;iffs; ,ioia l + 4a
ePsj;jpw;F <h;j;Jf; nfhz;L ehg;gj;jpy; xUkpf;fj; njhq;Ffpd;wd.
Jzpf;if Q rLjpahf tpOe;J tpLfpd;wJ. Neuk; t ,w;Fg; gpd;dh;
,ioapd; ePsk; l+x vdpd; x  0 ,w;Fr; rkd;ghL
d 2x g
+ ( x − a) = 0 Ig; ngWf.
dt 2 a
Nkw;Fwpj;j rkd;ghl;bd; jPh;T x = a + b sin t + c cos t vdj;
jug;gl;bUg;gpd;> b, c Mfpa khwpypfspd; ngWkhdq;fisf; fhz;f
g
,q;F  =
2
. Jzpf;if P MdJ njhlf;fj; jhdj;jpw;F NkNy
c
milAk; cah;e;jgl;r cauj;ijf; fz;L mt;Tauj;ij miltjw;F

vLf;Fk; Neuk;
a
g

−+2 2  vdf; fhl;Lf; ,q;F  MdJ

1
$h;q;Nfhzk; cos −1   MFk;.
3
17. jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if P MdJ ,aw;if ePsk; l
I cila xU kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU EdpAld;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ioapd; kw;iwa Edp xU rPypq;fpd; xU
epiyj;j Gs;sp O Tld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ioapd; kPs;jd;ik

VCM 10 B.Raveendran
 kl;L  vdpd;> Jzpf;if P ehg;gj;jpy; njhq;Fk; NghJ ,ioapd;
mgl
ePl;rp a MdJ a = ,dhy; jug;gLnkdf; fhl;Lf.

OP epiyf;Fj;jhfTk; l + a + b apw;Fr; rkkhfTk; ,Uf;fj;jf;fjhf
,io ,g;NghJ xU Nkyjpf ePsk; b ( a) apdhy; <u;f;fg;gl;L>

Jzpf;if P Xa;tpypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,ioapd; ePsk;

l + a + x Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> ,q;F −a  x  b, Jzpf;if P apd;
.. g
,af;fr; rkd;ghl;il vOjp> tof;fkhd Fwpg;gPl;by; x+ x=0
a
vdf; fhl;Lf.

g g
Nkw;Fwpj;j rkd;ghl;bd; jPu;T x = A cos t + B sin t vDk;
a a
tbtpy; ,Uf;fpd;wnjdf; nfhz;L A, B khwpypfisf; fhz;f.

a  
Jzpf;if P Neuk;  +   ,w;F vspa ,ir ,af;fj;ij
g 2 
a
Mw;Wfpd;wJ vdTk;> ,q;F  = sin −1   > vspa ,ir
 
b
,af;fj;jpypUe;J tpyFk; Neuj;jpy; Jzpf;if P apd; Ntfk;

Nky;Nehf;fp
a
(
g 2
b − a2 ) vdTk; fhl;Lf. mj;Jld; Jzpf;if P

2
gpd;du; GtpaPu;g;gpd; fPo; ,aq;fp> b  a 1+ vdpd;> rPypq;fpy;
mg
G+r;rpaky;yhj Ntfj;Jld; mbf;Fk; vdTk; fhl;Lf.
18. ,aw;if ePsk; l MfTs;s Xu; ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU
Edp ghTifapy; ( rPypq;fpy; ) cs;s xU epiyj;j Gs;sp O cld;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ioapd; kw;iwa EdpAld; jpzpT m I

VCM 11 B.Raveendran
 cila xU Jzpf;if P ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jzpf;if P
ehg;gj;jpy; njhq;Fk;NghJ ,ioapd; ePl;rp l MFk;. ,ioapd;
kPs;jd;ik kl;L mg vdf; fhl;Lf.
Jzpf;if P ehg;gj;jpy; njhq;Fk;NghJ jpzpT m I cila
NtnwhU Jzpf;if Q MdJ Gs;sp O tpy; itj;jpUf;fg;gl;L>
Xa;tpypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Jzpf;if Q MdJ ,io
topNa epiyf;Fj;jhff; fPo; Nehf;fpg; GtpaPu;g;gpd; fPo; ,aq;fp P
cld; Nkhjp ,izfpd;wJ. P, Q Mfpa ,U Jzpf;iffisAk;

nfhz;l Nru;j;jpj;Jzpf;if R MdJ Ntfk; gl cld;

epiyf;Fj;jhff; fPo;Nehf;fp ,aq;fj;njhlq;Fnkdf; fhl;Lf.
,ioapd; ePl;rp x Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;if R
,w;fhd ,af;fr;rkd;ghl;ilg; ngw;W> tof;fkhd Fwpg;gPl;by;
.. g
x+ ( x − 2l ) = 0 vdf; fhl;Lf.
2l
.. g
y = x − 2l vd vOJtjd; %yk; y + y = 0 vdf; fhl;Lf.
2l
Nkw;Fwpj;j rkd;ghl;bdhy; c (  0) xU khwpypahf ,Uf;Fk;
. 2
y =
g 2
2l
( c − y 2 ) jug;gLfpd;wnjdf; nfhz;L c apd; ngWkhdj;ijf;
fhz;f. ,ioapd; cau;e;jgl;r ePl;rp (2 + 3)l vdf; fhl;Lf.

Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;if R kpfj;jho;e;j Gs;spia milAk;NghJ

Jzpf;if Q rLjpahff; fod;W tpOfpd;wJ. rf;jpf;fhg;Gf;
Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpj; Jzpf;if P ghTifapy; NkhJk;
Ntfj;ijf; fhz;f.
19. ,aw;if ePsk; l I cila xU ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd;
xU EdpAld; jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if P
VCM 12 B.Raveendran
 ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ioapd; kw;iwa EdpahdJ jiuapypUe;J
kpf cauj;jpy; xU rPypq;fpy; xU epiyj;j Gs;sp O Tld;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;NghJ Jzpf;if P ahdJ O tpw;F
l
epiyf;Fj;jhf fPNo J}uj;jpYs;s xU Gs;spapy; Xa;tpypUe;J
2
tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,ioapd; kPs;jd;ik kl;L 8mg vdTk;
tpLtpf;fg;gLk; ,f;fzk; t = 0 vdf; nfhs;Nthk;. ,io kl;Lkl;lhf
,WFk; NghJ t ,d; ngWkhdj;ijAk;> Jzpf;if P apd;
Ntfj;ijAk; fhz;f.
l l ..
t = t apy; ,ioapd; ePsk; x + vdpd; x  ,w;F y +  2 y = 0
2 2
vdf; fhl;Lf.
5l 8g
,q;F y = x − >  =
2
MFk;.
8 l
(i) miyT ikaj;ij Jzpf;if P ahdJ milAk; NghJ mjd;
3
Ntfk; gl vdTk;> mjw;F vLf;Fk; Neuk;
2 2
1
 l 2   1  1 
  1 + − cos −1    vdTk; fhl;Lf.
g  4 2 2 2  3 

(ii) x =
3l
4
Md Gs;spapypUe;J> x=
l
8
(5+ 3 ) Md Gs;spf;F

1
 l  2  −1  1  −1  1  
nry;y vLj;j Neuk;   cos   − cos    vdf;
 8g   3  3 
fhl;Lf.

20. m, 2m vd;Dk; jpzpTfis cila P, Q vd;Dk; ,U

Jzpf;iffs; ,aw;if ePsk; a ia cila Xu; ,Nyrhd

VCM 13 B.Raveendran
 kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU Edpapy; xUkpf;fj; njhq;Ffpd;wd.
,ioapd; kw;iwa Edp xU epiyj;j Gs;spAld; ,izf;fg;gl;L>
njhFjp ehg;gj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,ioapd; nkhj;j ePsk; a + 3b
MFk;. ghukhd Jzpf;if Q rLjpahf tpOfpd;wJ. Neuk; t apw;Fg;
gpd;du; ,ioapd; ePsk; x vdpd;> ,io tpupe;jpUf;Fk; mNjNtis
g
Jzpf;if P apd; ,af;fj;jpw;Fr; rkd;ghL x+ ( x − a − b) = 0
b
Ig; ngWf.
Nkw;Fwpj;j rkd;ghl;bw;fhd jPu;tpd; tbtk;
x = a + b + A cos t + B sin t vdf; nfhz;L A, B,  vd;Dk;
khwpypfspd; ngWkhdq;fisf; fhz;f.
,jpypUe;J> Jzpf;if P apdhy; Mw;wg;gLk; vspa,ir ,af;fj;jpd;
ikaj;ijAk; tPr;rj;ijAk; fhz;f.

b  2 
Neuk;  + 3 ,w;Fg; gpd;du; Jzpf;if P njhlf;fg;
g 3 
9b
Gs;spf;F NkNy cauk; ,w;F caUnkdf; fhl;Lf.
2
mj;Jld; Jzpf;if Q tpOe;J rw;Wg; gpd;du; ,ioapy; cs;s
,Oitiaf; fhz;f.
21. jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if ,aw;if ePsk; l I cila
Xu; ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU EdpAld;
,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mNjNtis ,ioapd; kw;iwa Edp xU
epiyj;j Gs;sp O cld;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jzpf;if ehg;gj;jpy; njhq;Fk;NghJ ,ioapd;
ePl;rp l MFk;. ,ioapd; kPs;jd;ik kl;ilf; fhz;f.
3
Jzpf;if O tpw;F epiyf;Fj;jhf fPNo J}uk; l ,y; cs;s
2
Gs;spapy; itf;fg;gl;L Xa;tpypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Jzpf;if

VCM 14 B.Raveendran
 O ,w;F epiyf;Fj;jhff; fPNo J}uk; l ,y; cs;s Gs;sp A ia
Kjy; jlit milAk;NghJ mjd; Ntfj;ijf; fhz;f. B vd;gJ
Jzpf;if milAk; kpfTk; jho;e;j Gs;spnadf; nfhs;Nthk;. A
apypUe;J B apw;fhd Jzpf;ifapd; ,af;fj;jpw;F ,ioapd; ePl;rp
3g  l
x MdJ rkd;ghL x +  x −  = 0 Ij; jpUg;jpahf;Ffpd;wnjdf;
l  3
fhl;Lf.
l
Nkw;Fwpj;j rkd;ghl;bd; jPu;tpd; tbtk; x= +  cos t +  sin t
3
vdf; nfhz;L  ,  , Mfpa khwpypfspd; ngWkhdq;fisf;
fhz;f.
,jpypUe;J> A njhlf;fk; B tiuf;Fk; Jzpf;if Mw;wpa vspa
,ir ,af;fj;jpd; ikaj;ijAk; tPr;rj;ijAk; fhz;f.

l  2 
Jzpf;if tpLtpf;fg;gLk; fzj;jpypUe;J Neuk; 1 + 
g  3 3
,w;Fg; gpd;du; Gs;sp B ia milfpd;wnjdf; fhl;Lf. Jzpf;if B
apy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,ioapd; ,Oitiaf; fhz;f.
22. ,aw;if ePsk; 4a iaAk; kPs;jd;ik kl;L 8mg IAk; cila
xU nky;ypa ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik tpy; mjd; jho;e;j Edp O
epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f epiyf;Fj;jhf epw;fpd;wJ. jpzpT m I
cila xU Jzpf;if P mjd; Nky; EdpAld;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jzpf;if P MdJ O ,w;F epiyf;Fj;jhf
7a
NkNy cs;s xU Gs;sp A apNy ehg;gj;jpy; cs;sJ. OA =
2
vdf; fhl;Lf. ,g;NghJ mNj jpzpT m I cila NtnwhU
Jzpf;if Q MdJ P cld; nkJthf ,izf;fg;gl;L> Nru;j;jpj;
Jzpf;if A apNy Xa;tpypUe;J ,aq;fj; njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. Nru;j;jpj;

VCM 15 B.Raveendran
 g
Jzpf;ifapd; ,af;fr; rkd;ghL x=− x vdf; fhl;Lf; ,q;F
a
OB = 3a Mf ,Uf;fj;jf;fjhf O ,w;F epiyf;Fj;jhf NkNy
cs;s Gs;sp B apypUe;J Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;ifapd; ,lg;ngau;r;rp x
MFk;.
Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;ifapdhy; milag;gl;l kpfTk; jho;e;j Gs;sp C
vdf; nfhs;Nthk;. ePsk; OC iaAk; A apypUe;J C apw;F
,aq;Ftjw;Fr; Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;if vLj;j Neuj;ijAk; fhz;f.
Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;if C apy; ,Uf;Fk; fzj;jpy; Jzpf;if Q
nkJthf mfw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. gpd;du; epfOk; Jzpf;if P apd;
2g
,af;fj;jpw;F ,af;fr; rkd;ghL y = − y vdf; fhl;Lf; ,q;F y
a
MdJ Gs;sp A apypUe;J Jzpf;if P apd; ,lg;ngau;r;rpahFk;.
,r;rkd;ghl;bw;F tbtk; y =  cos t +  sin t apy; xU jPu;itf;
fUjpf;nfhz;L  ,  , Mfpa khwpypfspd; ngWkhdq;fisf;
fhz;f.
,jpypUe;J> C apypUe;J D apw;F ,aq;Ftjw;F Jzpf;if P
 2a
vLj;j Neuk; vdf; fhl;Lf; ,q;F D MdJ OD = 4a
3 g
Mf ,Uf;fj;jf;fjhf O ,w;F epiyf;Fj;jhf NkNy cs;s
Gs;spahFk;. mj;Jld; D ia milAk;NghJ Jzpf;if P apd;
fjpiaAk; fhz;f.
23. ,aw;if ePsk; a iaAk; kPs;jd;ik kl;L 2mg IAk; cila Xu;

,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU Edp xU epiyj;j Gs;sp A apw;

fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. A apd; kl;lj;jpw;F NkNy epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;l xU
rpwpa xg;gkhd Kis B apw;F Nkyhf ,io nry;fpd;wJ.

VCM 16 B.Raveendran
 ,ioapd; kw;iwa Edpapy; jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if
P ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. J}uk; AB MdJ a Ak; BA apw;Fk;

fPo;Kf epiyf;Fj;jpw;FkpilNa cs;s Nfhzk; ck; MFk;.
3
njhlf;fj;jpy; Jzpf;if P MdJ Kis B apw;Fr; rw;Wf; fPNo

5 ga
itf;fg;gl;L> epiyf;Fj;jhff; fPo;Nehf;fp fjp u= cld;
8
vwpag;gLfpd;wJ. Neuk; t apy; ,ioapd; ePl;rp x vdf; nfhs;Nthk;.
Jzpf;if P apd; vspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpw;fhd rkd;ghL tbtk;
..
X + 2 X = 0 ,y; vLj;Jiuf;fg;glyhnkdf; fhl;Lf; ,q;F
a 2g
X = x− ck;  =
2
MFk;.
2 a
,t;tpaf;fr; rkd;ghl;bd; xU jPu;it tbtk; (
X 2 =  2 A2 − X 2 )
3a
,y; fUjp vspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; tPr;rk; A= vdf; fhl;b>
4
Jzpf;if mile;j kpfj; jho;e;j Gs;sp E iaf; fhz;f.
Jzpf;if vspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; ikak; C iaf; fle;J
3u
nry;Yk;NghJ mjd; fjp vdf; fhl;Lf.
5
xj;j tl;l ,af;fj;ijf; fUJtjd; %yk; my;yJ NtWtpjkhf>
Jzpf;if P mjd; fPo;Kf ,af;fj;jpy; C iaf; fle;J

a  −1  2  
nry;tjw;F vLf;Fk; Neuk;  − cos    vdf; fhl;Lf.
2g 2  3 
NkYk; Jzpf;if P mjd; kpfj; jho;e;j jhdk; E ia miltjw;F
vLf;Fk; Neuj;ijAk; ,ioapdhy; Kis kPJ cQw;wg;gLk; tpirapd;
cau;e;jgl;rg; gUkidAk; fhz;f.
VCM 17 B.Raveendran
24. jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if ,aw;if ePsk; a IAk;
kPs;jd;ik kl;L 2mg IAk; cila Xu; ,Nyrhd ,ioapd; xU
EdpAld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ioapd; kw;iwa Edp fpilAld;
30 ,w; rha;e;j Xu xg;gkhd jsj;jpy; cs;s xU epiyj;j Gs;sp
O ,w; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Jzpf;if rha;jsj;jpd; kPJk; ,io mjpAau; rupTf;NfhL topNaAk;
cs;sd. ,ioapd; ePsk; 2a Mf ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; Jzpf;if
rha;jsj;jpd; kPJ O ,ypUe;J mjpAau; rupTf;NfhL topNa
,Of;fg;gl;L nkJthf tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Neuk; t Mf
,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,ioapd; ePl;rp x vdf; nfhs;Nthk;. Jzpf;ifapd;
2g  a
,af;fj;jpw;F ePl;rp x MdJ rkd;ghL x=− x−  Ij;
a  4
jpUg;jpahf;Ffpd;wJ vdf; fhl;Lf.
a
Nkw;Fwpj;j rkd;ghl;bd; jPu;T tbtk; x = + A cos t + B sin t ,y;
4
cs;snjdf; fUjpf;nfhz;L> A, B,  Mfpa khwpypfspd;
ngWkhdq;fisf; fhz;f.
,jpypUe;J> Jzpf;ifapd; ,af;fk; vspa ,ir ,af;fkhf
,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,af;fj;jpd; ikaj;ijAk; tPr;rj;ijAk; fhz;f.
Jzpf;if Kjypy; ,aw;if ePsj;jpw;F tUk;NghJ mjd; fjp ag
vdf; fhl;Lf.

 1  a
Neuk;  − cos   + 2 2 
−1
tpLtpj;j fzj;jpypUe;J ,w;Fg;
  3  2g
gpd;du; Jzpf;if O ,w;F tUfpd;wJ vdTk; fhl;Lf. ,ioapd;
ePsk; cau;e;jgl;rkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,ioapd; ,Oitiaf; fhz;f.
25. ,aw;if ePsk; a IAk; kPs;jd;ik kl;L 4mg IAk; cila Xu;
,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU Edp xU epiyj;j Gs;sp O

VCM 18 B.Raveendran
 clDk; kw;iwa Edp jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if P
clDk; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Jzpf;if P MdJ O ,y;
Xa;tpypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Jzpf;if P Gs;sp A ,D}lhfr;
nry;Yk; NghJ mjd; Ntfj;ijf; fhz;f; ,q;F OA = a.

4g  5a 
,ioapd; ePsk; x (  a ) MdJ rkd;ghL x+  x −  = 0 Ij;
a  4 
5a
jpUg;jpahf;Ffpd;wnjdf; fhl;Lf. X = x− vdf; nfhz;L
4
Nkw;Fwpj;j rkd;ghl;il tbtk; x +  X = 0 ,y; vLj;Jiuf;f. ,q;F
2

 ( 0) MdJ Jzpag;gl Ntz;ba xU khwpypahFk;.

,r;rkd;ghL X 2 =  2 ( c2 − X 2 ) Ij; jUfpd;wnjdf; nfhz;L>

,t;ntspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; tPr;rk; c If; fhz;f.

Jzpf;if P milAk; kpfj; jho;e;j Gs;sp L vdf; nfhs;Nthk;. A
,ypUe;J L ,w;F ,aq;Ftjw;F P vLf;Fk; Neuk;

1 a  1 
 − cos−1    vdf; fhl;Lf.
2 g  3 
Jzpf;if P MdJ L ,y; ,Uf;Fk; fzj;jpy; jpzpT
 m(1    3) I cila NtnwhU Jzpf;if nkJthf P cld;
,izf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jpzpT (1 +  )m I cila Nru;j;jpj;

4g  a
Jzpf;ifapd; ,af;fr; rkd;ghL x +  x − (5 +  )  = 0 vdf;
(1 +  )a  4
fhl;Lf.
a
Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;if tPr;rk; (3 −  ) cld; KO vspa ,ir
4
,af;fj;ij Mw;Wfpd;wnjd NkYk; fhl;Lf.

VCM 19 B.Raveendran
26. ,aw;if ePsk; a IAk; kPs;jd;ik kl;L mg IAk; cila Xu;
,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU Edp Xu; xg;gkhd fpil
epyj;jpw;F NkNy Xu; cauk; 3a ,y; cs;s xU epiyj;j Gs;sp
O cld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mNj Ntis kw;iwa Edp jpzpT
m I cila xU Jzpf;ifAld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jzpf;if
O ,w;Ff; fpl;l itf;fg;gl;L> fjp ga cld; epiyf;Fj;jhff;
fPo;Nehf;fp vwpag;gLfpd;wJ. ,ioapd; ePsk; x MdJ a  x  3a
g
,w;Fr; rkd;ghL x+ ( x − 2a ) = 0 Ij; jpUg;jpahf;Ffpd;wnjdf;
a
fhl;b> ,t;ntspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; ikaj;ijf; fhz;f.
epyj;Jldhd Kjy; nkhj;jy; tiuf;Fk; Jzpf;ifapd; fPo;Kf
,af;fj;jpw;Fr; rf;jpf; fhg;Gf; Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp a  x  3a
g
,w;F x = (4ax − x 2 ) vdf; fhl;Lf.
2

a
X = x − 2a vdf; nfhz;L ,Wjpr; rkd;ghl;il −a  X  a ,w;F
. 2
tbtk; X =
a
(
g 2
A − X 2 ) ,y; vLj;Jiuf;f: ,q;F A MdJ

Jzpag;gl Ntz;ba tPr;rkhFk;.

epyj;Jldhd Kjy; nkhj;jYf;Fr; rw;W Kd;du; Jzpf;ifapd;
Ntfk; ahJ?
Jzpf;iff;iff;Fk; epyj;jpw;FkpilNa cs;s kPsikTf; Fzfk;
1
MFk;. Kjy; nkhj;jYf;Fg; gpd;du; ,io jsUk; tiuf;Fk;
3
Jzpf;ifapd; Nkd;Kf ,af;fj;jpw;F −a  X  a ,w;F
. 2
X =
a
(
g 2
B − X 2 ) vdj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ; ,q;F B MdJ ,g;Gjpa

vspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; Jzpag;gl Ntz;ba tPr;rkhFk;. Jzpf;if

NkNy tptupj;j vspa ,ir ,af;fq;fisf; fPo;KfkhfTk;

VCM 20 B.Raveendran
 5 a
Nkd;KfkhfTk; Mw;Wk; nkhj;j Neuk; vdf; fhl;Lf.
6 g
27. ,aw;if ePsk; a IAk; kl;L mg IAk; cila Xu; ,Nyrhd
kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU Edp xU epiyj;j Gs;sp O cld;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;nthd;Wk; jpzpT m I cila ,U rk
Jzpf;iffs; ,ioapd; kw;iwa Edp P cld; xUkpf;f
,izf;fg;gl;L> njhFjp ehg;gj;jpy; njhq;Ffpd;wJ. ,j;jhdj;jpy;
,ioapd; ePl;rp 2a vdf;fhl;Lf. ,g;NghJ Jzpf;iffspy; xd;W
nkJthfg; gpupe;J nry;Yk; mNjNtis jpzpT m I cila
vQ;rpAs;s Jzpf;if ,ioapd; EdpAld; ,d;Dk; ,ize;jpUf;if
apy; ,aq;fj; njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. P ,d; ,af;fj;jpw;Fr; rkd;ghL
g
x+ ( x − 2a ) = 0 Ig; ngWf. ,q;F x ( a ) MdJ ,ioapd; ePsk;
a
MFk;.
,t;ntspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; ikak; C IAk; tPr;rj;ijAk; fhz;f.
Gs;sp C ,y; Jzpf;ifapd; Ntfk; %d;W klq;fhFkhW
Jzpf;iff;F xU epiyf;Fj;Jf; fzj;jhf;F gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
,io ,Wf;fkhf ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; ,af;fj;jpd; ikak; mt;thNw
,Uf;Fk; vdTk; ,t;tpaf;fj;jpd; tPr;rk; 3a vdTk; fhl;Lf.

a  −1  1  
,jpypUe;J> ,io nkhj;j Neuk;  2 + sin  3   ,w;Fg; gpd;du;
g   
jsu;fpd;wnjdf; fhl;Lf.
,io jsUk; fzj;jpy; Jzpf;ifapd; fjpiaf; fhz;f.

28. jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if ,aw;if ePsk; 3l IAk;

kPs;jd;ik kl;L mg IAk; cila Xu; ,Nyrhd ,ioapd; xU
EdpAld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ioapd; kw;iwa Edp fpilAld;
60 ,w; rha;e;j Xu; xg;gkhd jsj;jpy; cs;s xU epiyj;j Gs;sp

VCM 21 B.Raveendran
 O ,w; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhlf;fj;jpy; Jzpf;ifahdJ O ,w;
gpbf;fg;gl;L rha;jsk; topNa Nky; Nehf;fp 3 gl vDk; Ntfk;
Jzpf;iff;F nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. rf;jpf;fhg;Gj; jj;Jtj;ijg; gad;
gLj;jp ,io kl;Lkl;lhf ,WFk; NghJ Jzpf;ifapd; Ntfj;ijf;
fhz;f.
Neuk; t Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,ioapd; ePl;rp x vdf; nfhs;Nthk;.
Jzpf;ifapd; ,af;fj;jpw;F ePl;rp x MdJ rkd;ghL
g  3l 
x+  x +  = 0 Ij; jpUg;jpahf;Ffpd;wJ vdf; fhl;Lf.
3l  2
1
 g 2
 =  vdf; nfhz;L Nkw;Fwpj;j rkd;ghl;bd; jPu;T tbtk;
 3l 
3l
x=− + A cos t + B sin t ,y; cs;snjdf; fUjpf;nfhz;L>
2

( 3)
1
3l
A= vdTk; B = 6 2
l vdTk; fhl;Lf.
2
,jpypUe;J> ,io kl;Lkl;lhf ,Wfpa fzj;jpypUe;J Kjypy;
1
 3l   
( )
2 1
−1 2
 g  tan  3 6 3
fzepiy Xa;tila vLj;j Neuk;   vdf;
2

   
fhl;Lf.
Jzpf;ifapd; ,af;fk; vspa ,ir ,af;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ

( )
1
l
,af;fj;jpd; tPr;rk; 9 + 24 3 2
vdf; fhl;Lf.
2
29. jpzpT m cila P vDk; Jzpf;if xd;W ,aw;if ePsk; l I
cila ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,io xd;wpd; Edp xd;Wld;
njhLf;fg;gl;L ehg;gj;jpNy (rkepiyapNy) njhq;Ffpd;wJ. ,ioapd;
kw;iwa Edp xU epiyj;j Gs;sp O Tld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,ioapd; kPs;jd;ik kl;L mg vdpd;> ehg;gj; jhdj;jpy; ,ioapd;
ePl;rp l vdf; fhl;Lf.
VCM 22 B.Raveendran
 ,g;NghJ jpzpT  m I cila NtnwhU Jzpf;if Q MdJ P
cld; nkJthf ,izf;fg;gl;L> Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;if Xa;tpypUe;J
,aq;fj; njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. ,ioapd; ePsk; 2l + x Mf ,Uf;Fk;
NghJ Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;ifapd; ,af;fr; rkd;ghl;bid vOJf.
.. g
y = x − l vd vOJtjd; %yk; y + y = 0 vdf; fhl;Lf.
(  + 1) l
vspikapir ,af;fj;jpd; miyT ikak;> tPr;rk; Mfpatw;iwf;
fhz;f.
Nkw;Fwpj;j rkd;ghl;bd; jPu;T tbtk; y = A cos t + B sin t ia
cilanjdf; nfhz;L A, B,  Mfpa khwpypfisf; fhz;f.
,ioapd; ePsk; cau;e;jgl;rkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ m jpzpTila
Jzpf;if nkJthf fod;W tpOfpd;wJ. mjd;gpd;du; eilngWk;
Jzpf;if P apd; ,af;fj;jpd; NghJ Jzpf;if P ahdJ Gs;sp O
tpid kl;Lkl;lhf milfpd;wJ vdpd; rf;jpf;fhg;Gj;jj;Jtj;ijg;

3
gad;gLj;jp  = vdf; fhl;Lf.
2
30. jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if P MdJ
xt;nthd;Wk; ,aw;if ePsk; a IAk; kl;L mg IAk; A
cila ,U ,Nyrhd rk kPs;jd;ik ,iofspd; ,U x
EdpfSld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Xu; ,ioapd;
RahjPd Edp xU epiyj;j Gs;sp A clDk; kw;iwa P m
,ioapd; RahjPd Edp A ,w;F epiyf;Fj;jhff; fPNo
J}uk; 4a ,y; ,Uf;Fk; xU epiyj;j Gs;sp B clDk; 4a − x
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd (tupg;glj;ijg; ghu;f;f). ,U
,iofSk; ,Wf;fkhf ,Uf;f A ,w;Ff; fPNo J}uk; B

5a
,y; Jzpf;if ehg;gj;jpNy ,Uf;Fnkdf; fhl;Lf.
2

VCM 23 B.Raveendran
 Jzpf;if P ,g;NghJ AB ,d; eLg;Gs;spf;F cau;j;jg;gl;L
mj;jhdj;jpy; Xa;tpypUe;J nkJthf tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,U
,iofSk; ,Wf;fkhfTk; ,io AP ,d; ePsk; x MfTk;
2g  5a 
,Uf;Fk;NghJ x + x−  = 0 vdf; fhl;Lf.
a  2 
,r;rkd;ghl;bid tbtk; x +  2 X = 0 ,y; kPz;Lk; vOJf; ,q;F
5a 2g
X = x− ck;  =
2
ck; MFk;.
2 a
#j;jpuk; X 2 =  2 ( c 2 − X 2 ) Ig; gad;gLj;jp ,t;tpaf;fj;jpd; tPr;rk;
c If; fhz;f.
Jzpf;if P mjd; kpfj; jho;e;j jhdj;ij milAk; fzj;jpy;
,io PB ntl;lg;gLfpd;wJ.
Gjpa ,af;fj;jpy; x = a Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Jzpf;if mjd;
mjpAau; jhdj;ij milfpd;wnjdf; fhl;Lf.
NkYk; Jzpf;if P MdJ x = 2a ,y; cs;s mjd; njhlf;fj;
jhdj;jpypUe;J fPo;Kfkhfj; J}uk; a ,w;Fk; gpd;G Nkd;Kfkhfj;
a
J}uk; ,w;Fk; nry;tjw;F vLf;Fk; nkhj;j Neuk;
2

3
a
2g
( )
3 + 2 vd NkYk; fhl;Lf.


31. fpilAld; Nfhzk; ,w; B
6
2a
rha;e;j Xu; xg;gkhd epiyj;j A
jsj;jpd; Xu; mjpAau; rupTf; a
Nfhl;bd; kPJ O MdJ MfTk;  O
6
fPNoAs;s Gs;spahf ,Uf;f
O, A, B Mfpa Gs;spfs; mNj tupirapy; OA = a MfTk;

VCM 24 B.Raveendran
 AB = 2a MfTk; ,Uf;FkhW cs;sd. ,aw;if ePsk; a IAk;
kPs;jd;ikkl;L mg IAk; cila Xu; ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik
,ioapd; xU Edp Gs;sp O cld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mNj
Ntis kw;iwa Edp jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if P
cld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Jzpf;if P MdJ Gs;sp B I
milAk; tiuf;Fk; ,io NfhL OAB topNa ,Of;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
mjd; gpd;du; Jzpf;if P Xa;tpypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. B
,ypUe;J A tiuf;Fk; P ,d; ,af;fr; rkd;ghlhdJ 0  x  2a
8 a
,w;F x +  x +  = 0 ,dhy; jug;gLfpd;wnjdf; fhl;Lf; ,q;F
a 2
AP = x MFk;.
a
y = x+ vdf; nfhz;L Nkw;Fwpj;j ,af;fr; rkd;ghl;bid
2
a 5a
 y ,w;F tbtk; y + 2 y = 0 ,y; kWgbAk; vOJf;
2 2
g
,q;F  = .
a
Nkw;Fwpj;j vspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; ikaj;ijf; fz;L #j;jpuk;
y 2 =  2 (c2 − y 2 ) Ig; gad;gLj;jp tPr;rk; c IAk; A I milAk;
NghJ P ,;d; Ntfj;ijAk; fhz;f.

O I milAk; NghJ P ,d; Ntfk; 7ga vdf; fhl;Lf.

B ,ypUe;J O ,w;F ,aq;Ftjw;F P vLf;Fk; Neuk;

a  −1  1  
cos   + 2k  vdTk; fhl;Lf; ,q;F k = 7 − 6.
g  5 
Jzpf;if P MdJ O I milAk; NghJ mJ jsj;jpw;Fr;
nrq;Fj;jhf O ,y; epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s Xu; xg;gkhd jLg;Gld;

VCM 25 B.Raveendran
 NkhJfpd;wJ. P ,w;Fk; jLg;Gf;FkpilNa cs;s kPsikTf;
1
Fzfk; e MFk;. 0e vdpd;> gpd;du; epfOk; P ,d;
7
,af;fk; vspa ,ir ,af;fkd;W vdf; fhl;Lf.

32. P
2a a 2a a
A B C D E
cUtpw; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sthW Xu; xg;gkhd fpil Nkir kPJ
A, B, C , D, E vd;Dk; Gs;spfs; mNj tupirapy; xU Neu;Nfhl;by;
AB = 2a, BC = a, CD = 2a, DE = a Mf ,Uf;FkhW cs;sd.
,aw;if ePsk; 2a IAk; kPs;jd;ik kl;L kmg IAk; cila Xu;
,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU Edp Gs;sp A clDk; kw;iwa
Edp jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if P clDk;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,aw;if ePsk; a IAk; kPs;jd;ik kl;L mg
IAk; cila NtNwhu; ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU Edp
Gs;sp E clDk; kw;iwa Edp Jzpf;if P clDk;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Jzpf;if P MdJ C ,y; gpbj;J
itf;fg;gl;L tpLtpf;fg;gLk;NghJ mJ ehg;gj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. k
,d; ngWkhdj;ijf; fhz;f.
,g;NghJ Jzpf;if P MdJ Gs;sp D I milAk; tiuf;Fk;
,io AP ,Of;fg;gl;L Xa;tpypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. D
njhlf;fk; B tiuf;Fk; P ,d; ,af;fj;jpw;fhd rkd;ghL
3g
x+ x=0 ,dhy; jug;gLfpd;wnjdf; fhl;Lf; ,q;F CP = x
a
3g 2
MFk;. #j;jpuk; x = (c − x 2 ) Ig; gad;gLj;jpj; Jzpf;if P
2

a
MdJ B I milAk;NghJ mjd; Ntfk; 3 ga vdf; fhl;Lf;

VCM 26 B.Raveendran
 ,q;F c MdJ tPr;rkhFk;. B I milAk;NghJ Jzpf;if P
,w;F xU fzj;jhf;F> mf;fzj;jhf;fpw;Fr; rw;Wg; gpd;du; P ,d;
→
Ntfk; BA ,d; jpirapy; ag Mf ,Uf;FkhW> jug;gLfpd;wJ.
B If; fle;j gpd;du; fzepiy Xa;Tf;F tUk; tiuf;Fk; P ,d;
g
,af;fj;jpd; rkd;ghL y+ y=0 ,dhy; jug;gLfpd;wnjdf;
a
fhl;Lf; ,q;F DP = y.

D ,y; njhlq;fpj; Jzpf;if P ,uz;lhk; jlit B I

a    3 
miltjw;F vLf;Fk; nkhj;j Neuk; 2  + cos −1  
g 3 3  10  
vdf; fhl;Lf.
O
33. ,aw;if ePsk; 4a I cila Xu;
,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik ,ioapd; xU Edp
xU epiyj;j Gs;sp O clDk; kw;iwa
Edp jpzpT mI cila xU m
15a
Jzpf;if P clDk; ,izf;fg; m
2 2kga
gl;Ls;sd. Jzpf;if O ,w;Ff; fPNo
J}uk; 5a ,y; ehg;gj;jpy; njhq;Ffpd;wJ.
,ioapd; kPs;jd;ik kl;L 4mg vdf;
fhl;Lf. kPs;jd;ikapd;wpa epyk;
,g;NghJ jpzpT m I cila NtnwhU
Jzpf;if Q epiyf;Fj;jhf Nky;Nehf;fp ,aq;fp P cld; Nkhjp
xd;wpize;J xU Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;if R I Mf;Ffpd;wJ. Jzpf;if

P cld; NkhJtjw;Fr; rw;W Kd;du; Jzpf;if Q ,d; fjp 2kga

MFk;. R ,aq;fj; njhlq;Fk; Ntfj;ijf; fhz;f.

VCM 27 B.Raveendran
 ,io jstu;Twhky; ,Ue;J gpd;du; eilngWk; ,af;fj;jpy;
Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;if R ,w;F O ,ypUe;J cs;s J}uk; x MdJ
g
rkd;ghL x+ ( x − 6a ) = 0 Ij; jpUg;jpahf;Ffpd;wnjdf; fhl;Lf.
2a
X = x − 6a vd vOjp> X + 2 X = 0 vdf; fhl;Lf; ,q;F

g
= .
2a
Nkw;Fwpj;j vspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; ikaj;ijAk; #j;jpuk;
X =  (c − X ) Ig; gad;gLj;jp tPr;rk; c IAk; fhz;f.
2 2 2 2

k  3 vdpd;> ,io jsu;TWnkdf; fhl;Lf.

,g;NghJ> k = 8 vdf; nfhs;Nthk;. P, Q Mfpa Jzpf;iffs;
15
xd;wpizAk; fzj;jpypUe;J Gs;sp O ,w;Ff; fPNo J}uk; a ,y;
2
xU kPs;jd;ikapd;wpa fpil epyj;jpy; mbg;gjw;Fr; Nru;j;jpj;
Jzpf;if R vLf;Fk; Neuj;ijf; fhz;f.
NkYk;> Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;if R epyj;jpy; mbj;j gpd;du; milAk;
cau;e;jgl;r cauj;ijAk; fhz;f.
O
34. xNu ,aw;if ePsk; 4a ck; 3mg ,  mg Q 3a
2
kPs;jd;ik kl;Lk; cila A, B vDk; ,U 2ag

,iofspd; xU Edp 2m jpzpTila xU ,io A ,io B

10a
Jzpf;if P apw;Fk; kw;iwa Edp P
fpilahd rPypq;fpy; cs;s xU epiyj;j
Gs;sp O tpw;Fk; cUtpy; fhl;bathW
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Jzpf;if O tpw;F
fPNo 5a J}uj;jpy; ehg;gj;jpy; njhq;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;epiyapy; ,iofs;
A, B Mfpatw;wpy; cs;s ,Oitfs; KiwNa T1 , T2 vdpd;> T1 , T2

VCM 28 B.Raveendran
 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd Nfhitfis jdpj;jdpNa vOjp  =5 vdf;
fhl;Lf.
,g;NghJ 4m jpzpTila NtNwhu; Jzpf;if Q MdJ O ,w;F

epiyf;Fj;jhf fPNo 3a J}uj;jpy; ,Ue;J P ,id Nehf;fp 2ag

2
vDk; fjpAld; vwpag;gLfpd;wJ. Q MdJ P cld; Neubahf
Nkhjp ,ize;J xU Nru;j;jpj; Jzpf;if R I Mf;Ffpd;wJ. R
MdJ ,aq;fj; njhlq;Fk; Ntfk; 2 ag vdf; fhl;Lf.
,io jsu;Twhky; ,Ue;J gpd;du; eilngWk; ,af;fj;jpy; Nru;j;jpj;
Jzpf;if R ,w;F O tpypUe;J cs;s J}uk; x MdJ
g
x+ ( x − 7a) = 0 vDk; rkd;ghl;ilj; jpUg;jpahf;Ffpd;wJ vdf;
3a
fhl;Lf. NkYk; X = x − 7a vd vOJtjd; %yk; X + 2 X = 0
g
vdf; fhl;Lf. ,q;F  = MFk;.
3a
Nkw;Fwpj;j vspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; ikaj;ijAk;>
X 2 =  2 ( A2 − X 2 ) vDk; #j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp tPr;rk; A IAk;
fhz;f.
njhlUk; ,af;fj;jpy; R MdJ O ,w;F fPNo 10a J}uj;jpy;
cs;s fpilj;jiuia mbf;fpd;wJ. P, Q ,ize;j fzj;jpypUe;J

3a  2  3 
R jiuia mbg;gjw;fhd Neuk;  − cos−1    vdf;
g  3  4 
fhl;Lf.
R MdJ jiuia NkhJk; fzj;jpy; ,io B MdJ fzj;jhf;F
vJTkpd;wp mWfpd;wJ vdTk; jiuf;Fk; R ,w;Fk; ,ilapyhd
3
kPsikTf;Fzfk; vdTk; jug;gbd; NkhJifapd; gpd;du; R
7
VCM 29 B.Raveendran
 ,d; fjp ag vdf; fhl;Lf. njhlUk; ,af;fj;jpy; OR = y vdpd;
g
y MdJ y + ( y − 12a ) = 0 vDk; rkd;ghl;ilj; jpUg;jp nra;Ak;
8a
vdf;fhl;b ,t; vspa ,ir ,af;fj;jpd; miyT ikaj;ijAk;
tPr;rj;ijAk; fhz;f.
O
35. ,aw;if ePsk; 2a IAk; kPs;jd;ik kl;L 2mg
IAk; cila Xu; ,Nyrhd kPs;jd;ik
,ioapd; xU Edp Xu; xg;gkhd fpil
epyj;jpw;F NkNy J}uk; 4a ,y; ,Uf;Fk; xU 4a
epiyj;j Gs;sp O clDk; kw;iwa Edp B P
jpzpT m I cila xU Jzpf;if P
clDk; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Jzpf;if P MdJ B ,Ny
ehg;gj;jpy; RahjPdkhfj; njhq;Ffpd;wJ. ,ioapd; ePl;rp a vdf;
fhl;Lf.
,g;NghJ Jzpf;if P ,w;F xU fzj;jhf;F mv epiyf;Fj;jhff;
fPo;Nehf;fp nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. P ,d; ,af;fr; rkd;ghL

g
x +  2 x = 0 vdf; fhl;Lf. ,q;F  = ck; BP = x ck; MFk;.
a
c tPr;rkhf ,Uf;Fk; #j;jpuk; x 2 =  2 (c 2 − x 2 ) Ig; gad;gLj;jp>

v  ag vdpd;> Jzpf;if P MdJ epyj;jpw;gLnkdf; fhl;Lf.

,g;NghJ v = 3 ag vdf; nfhs;Nthk;.

P MdJ epyj;ij mbf;Fk; Ntfj;ijf; fhz;f.

P ,w;Fk; epyj;jpw;FkpilNa cs;s kPsikTf; Fzfk; e MFk;.
1
e vdpd;> Jzpf;if P MdJ O I milakhl;lhnjdf;
2
fhl;Lf.

VCM 30 B.Raveendran
 1
e= vdj; jug;gLnkdpd;> ,io Kjy; jlit jsu;TWk;NghJ P
2
,d; Ntfj;jf; fhz;f.
B ,y; P ,w;Ff; fzj;jhf;iff; nfhLj;j fzj;jpypUe;J mJ
Kjy; jlit fzepiy Xa;Tf;F tUtjw;F vLf;Fk; nkhj;j
Neuj;ijf; fhz;f.

*****
***
*

VCM 31 B.Raveendran