1.

functional, geographic, matrix, along product lines

2. functional
3. (75) 1980s
new technology, reduce cost => less
bureaucratic
a very flat organizational
structure

matrix
functional
geographic
product lines

N
P
N
P
P
P
1c
2g
3h
4a
5f
6i
7d
8e
9c

software company
product lines

project teams
business units

country managers

f
b
e
g
a
d
on

along
through
by
up into
 Ford
Honda
Ford
Honda
Ford
Honda
Honda
both
adapt

85
25
50
110
75
10
35

60
85
 regional basis

car markers
vehicles

roduction unit

autonomy

requirement

chairman

comprise
self-suficient

overseas

autonomy
chairman

overseas
requirement

economic of scale
production unit
 a large
rapidly
firmly

simutaneuously
increasingly