Introduction to Materials Science

for Engineers 8th Edition

Shackelford

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 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual

&.18. Superimpose a breaking stress plot for high-density

[.is ]As n-
polyethylene and ABS polymer on the result for
Problem 8.17.

0»±= am2av/fr f
8r7% _g

1 35.7 71.4-
2 25.2 50.5
5 1%.0 31
1o I1.3 22.% go%
20 g.0 16.o
50 5.0 0.0 }
I
l

/00 3.% 7.1 l

I
[

5°
b
5 10 20 50 100
a (mm)
8.19. Calculate the breaking stress for a rod of ABS with
a surface flaw size of 100 m.

[s.rs I c- kK,,//ams
= 47 / too'
= 22%P a

8.20. A nondestructive testing program can ensure that

a thermoplastic polyester part will have no flaws
greater than 0.1 mm in size. Calculate the maxi•
mum service stress available with this engineering
polymer.

[s.2o I
 199
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 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual
Section 8.3 -- Fatigue

PP 8.4 In Example 8.4, a service stress is calculated with con•

sideration for fatigue loading. Using the same considerations,
estimate a maximum permissible service stress for an 80-55--06
as-cast ductile iron with a Brinell hardness number of 200 (see

. PP 8.4 Figure 6.29).

I I As a Ee 8.4,
so sts= £. ilf

7TA6,
See shes • 620MR__
8

PP 8.5 For the system discussed in Example 8.5, what would be the time
to fracture (a) at 0C and (b) at room temperature, 25C?

[Fr s.s C
4-'
_e /RT
= (-
.L
tiff
nC ,4Al
5.4Sr( S
4. q= 74.6 47/t
AA oc, -tk7Lt, ,
d' (s.s'')e 7@wt.e)]l»?

or
= 4.70-? e•
t = 2/3s

2435
= t (5. 45lo°
_.-cs2l,soda1o
Ts ) €
2. $es-'
er
t= [l.ls

200
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the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction ,storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
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 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual
&.21. In Problem 6.41, a ductile iron was evaluated for
a pressure vessel application. For that alloy, deter•
mine the maximum pressure to which the vessel can
be repeatedly pressurized without producing a fa•
tigue failure.

[8.2 ]7 d.rs= ±Ts.

F Fpo 6.2?), Ts. = =so
or cs ±Csso)= /38M
Fo.. P%le.. 6.,
e 2t
j =
a2@go.oae
(o.so+)
=
= /&.3M
(I4 4Ad A. le > le
ukKok'le % of
44 4K, dduy du. c.4.tkl • Bdl.
6.+l asy she c4h..)
8.22. Repeat Problem8.21 for the ductile iron of Problem
6.42.

[s.22] F- Fye6.29a zs = +,
=' (toemP)= 2son

8.23. A structural steel with a fracture toughness of 60

MPa /n has no surface crack larger than 3 mm
in length. By how much (in %) would
this largest
surface crack have to grow before the system would
experience fast fracture under an applied stress of
500 MPa?

[23 I Ass Pas. 8.7,

a. (4./0,
7r
2
(on,- /5cop)_ 45go->, = 458.%.
7r

4.5g.._- 3- coo = 528%

3%.
201
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 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual
8.24. For the conditions given in Problem 8.23, calculate
the % increase in crack size if the applied stress in
the structural design is 600 MPa.

[.2 I 2
(%er,/loon.)
2

or ca t go- y
3_iw-3. oZ = 6.lo7
3»

8.25. The application of a C11000 copper wire in a control

circuit design will involve cyclic loading for extended
periods at the elevated temperatures ofa production
plant. Use the data of Figure 8.15b to specify an
upper temperature limit to ensure a fatigue strength
of at leas t 100 MPa for a stress life of 10 cycles.

[s.2s I, Fa F 8.15, e nok kAt

F. S.(AP.) rt·¢)
732 2/
116 65
94 loo
140

F.S.
()
80

•
20 40 6o &0 1oo
7co)
]"C
===
8.26. (a) The landing gear on a commercial aircraft expe•
riences an impulse load upon landing. Assuming six
such landings per day on average, how long would it
take before the landing gear has been subjected to
10 load cycles? (b) The crankshaft in a given auto•
mobile rotates, on average, at 2000 revolutions per
minute for a period of 2 h perday. How long would
it take before the crankshaft has been subjected to
10 load cycles?

202
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the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction ,storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
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 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual

8.26

( 4» ·ye ell:
zoo0 <9cl, xl20+»= 24000?c•
lo'lea-
,t.,;/~
= 4ts.7de·ls£2
; -1,o.,ooo' ~3 =t= •
. 4g (I

8.27. In analyzing a hip implant material for potential fa•

tigue damage, it isimportant to note that an average
person takes 4800 steps on an average day. How
many stress cycles would this average person pro•
duce in (a) one year, (b) 10 years? (Note Problem

-« +5•+r
6.7.)

[s.27
= 175 '

(9 Al'=, /. .,,')1.,/)·t ~l"r

= /75io v la
8.28. In analyzing a hip implant material for potential fa•
tigue damage when used by an active athlete, we find
that he takes a total of 10,000 steps and/or strides on
an average day. How many stress cycles would this
active person produce in (a) one year, (b) 10 years?
(Note Problem 6.8.)

[ss ](a) -eo 4"3< ¢=sly

= 3.5o pw
(4 M-4s±0 /< P
- 3%. 5 oo '
203
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 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual
8.29 Te tire to fracture for a vitreous silica glass fber at
+50C is 10 s. Wat will be the time to fracture at
room temperature (25C? Assume he same activation
energy as given in Example 8.5.

[s.2s.] ' -¢.-«

C+ ¢'e/RT

=(e-.-)t "~at-ks« al.t.,](33 3

= 5.1510'±-'
A+ 25c, .
'. (s.sx«e's-9) ."+/caw
= 8.5g to"~s-'

t · l1 7, ! hl.

8.30 To illustrate the very rapid nature of the, water reaction

with silicate glasses above 150C, calculate tbe time to
fracture for the vitreous silica fber of Problem 8.29 at
200C.

:.1 8.30 11

0r
t- 'cats-)= o.930 sec.l

204
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the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction ,storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
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 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual

[lg.31. A small pressure vessel is fabricated from an acetal

polymer. The stress in the vessel wall is

pr
' E 21
where p is the internal pressure, r the outer radius
of the sphere, and t the wall thickness. For the ves•
=
sel in question, r = 30 mm and t 2 mm. What is
the maximum permissible internal pressure for this
design if the application isat room temperature and
the wall stress is only tensile (due to internal pres•
surizations that will occur no more than 10 times)?
(See Fgi ure 8.21 for relevant data.)

[A1J F 8.21
af ool
»bk ht £ ...k-rue
(a·o), kky. A.h-·(oAu
«
02.rsr
s 50P.
-s•
.. s0Pa=
2t

er 4
+x
=Zoo t
= ieP 30
a -=6d7

El g.32. Calculate the maximum permissible internal pres•

sure for the design in Problem 8.31 ifall conditions
are the same except that you are certain there will
be no more than 10,000 pressurizations

[lsr.2
-7] h uu ae (N= lo.')l,
' f &.21 »lat
#

%st /kn fade •• st oe5+R.

r
/y
= 2(4n) Zy
- on& "
;= 72on

205
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the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction ,storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
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 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual
Section 8.4 -- Nondestructive Testing

PP 8.6 For a 100-keV x-ray beam, calculate the fraction of beam in•
tensity transmitted through a 10-mm-thick plate of (a) titanium
and (b) lead. (See Example 8.6.)

[Fr s.6 a. Zs6le 8.6,

l.-e/7°

4.•-·---es-)
= / o-37

8.33. ln doing x-radiography of steel, assume the flm can

detect a variation in radiation intensity represented by
I/lo = 0.001. What thickness variation could be de•
tected using this system for the inspection of a 125•
mm-hick plate of steel using a 100-keV beam?

[.33 I a 7a4l 8.6

z±-: (e393•(t2.5.)

0. 0257

TA± d6A l •• sf:

0.0247% 0.0.2417
0.02%7= a-6283.--t
you7- -(0a3=--')t

206
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the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction ,storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual

a.] to2ss.-)¢
0.0247= e
or
4 0.0147 = -(0.203.') ¢
Or t= 12.%+• =(125o +0.14)».

8.34. A good rule of thumb for doing x-radiographic inspec•

ions is that the test piece should be 5 to 8 times he
half-val ue thickness () of the material. where tn is
defined as the thickness value corresponding to an I/lo
value of 0.5. Calculate the appropriate «es piece thick•
ness range for titanium inspected by a 100-keV beam.

[.4 I / Foch 8.4 4 74 8.6,

I/, . -.4a4--)Cy,
'I,=0.5= e

4A,

279
111
44.7.

8.35. Using the background of Problem 8.34, calculate the

appropriate test piece thickness range for tungsten
inspected by a 100-keV beam.

[s.3s I
2_0.5 0.085+.
(ii-")
At/A "5x 04&5.- = 0.43
rf
PK00c5 »= 0.b8.»

207
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the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction ,storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
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 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual

8.36. Using the background of Problem 8.34, calculate the

appropriate test piece thickness range for iron in•
spected by (a) a 100-keV beam and (b) a 1-MeV
bcam.

[s.« ), 5+ 8. + -(0.213.
a 85
)to
(a) l,·es-e

.'. Ab.< =5 .237+. /4.8 •

+ ro
8x237=• = 18.a

= Sx 1%.ls.= = 23./+
f +
8x16.6. = /33 m

8.37. For an x-radiographic inspection of the plate in Fig•

ure 8.23 using a 100-keV beam. calculate the % change
in l/lo between the flawed and flaw-free areas given
that the effect of the flaw is to rcduce the effective

«-
thickness of the plate by IO um. Assume the sample is
aluminum with a flaw depth at 10 mm and an overall
sample thickness of 2U mm.

]8.37 ] 7e 4es..A44 4lo-£a a0.-.

n, 44it.us k 44, £led a <a 3o=-o-.
(.Z-£·l=20+.
, . = e. )(1.o..... IP!;
1
(o,, 04N ,..,;.,,~

= 0.3993/7
2o .- 404 = .e0+, -oo• =/1.7%. %.

(5l)_
• '{=/...
=e-04s =-nm-)
= 0.37500
0. 3 so - 0.33/7 CL.
2 = 0.04%2
0.393/7

208
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the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction ,storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
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 Domestic Instructors Solutions Manual

8.38. Given the result of Problem 8.37, comment on the

relative advantage of ultrasonic testing for the in•
spection of the flaw in that sample.

0l,
L838 ] .A.A. s-.wt- a.
o 4yh th.nu ? pl'le. o<
0/An A..1, 4 5 e9hoe f vb.re
r%cs da net depelN 4d #Kc&so
a4(I444 eves a ·• c
..JI,;... c . ,1 fD h<., _,.,-"lt,.
n, ..
€
d.£/er..kJ.

209
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the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction ,storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
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