Test Bank for Introduction to the Human Body 10th

Edition Tortora Derrickson 1118583183

9781118583180
Full download link at:
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the-human-body-10th-edition-tortora-derrickson-1118583183-
9781118583180/
Package Title: Test Bank
Course Title: IHB10e
Chapter Number: 6

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) All of the following are functions of the skeletal system EXCEPT:

a) support
b) hemopoiesis
c) protein production
d) mineral storage
e) movement

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.1 Discuss the six functions of bone and the skeletal system.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System.

2) Which of the following bones are NOT long bones?

a) bones of the ribcage

b) bones of the thighs
c) bones of the forearms
d) bones of the arms
e) bones of the lower legs

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.2 Classify bones on the basis of their shape and location.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.2 Types of Bones.

3) Which of the following are classified as flat bones?

a) femur
b) vertebrae
c) ankle bones
d) cranial bones
e) ulna and radius

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.2 Classify bones on the basis of their shape and location.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.2 Types of Bones.

4) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of yellow bone marrow?

a) stores triglycerides
b) consists of mainly adipose cells
c) produces red blood cells
d) stores triglycerides and consists mainly of adipose tissue

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.1 Discuss the six functions of bone and the skeletal system.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System.

5) The shaft of a long bone is called the

a) epiphysis.
b) diaphysis.
c) metaphysis.
d) periosteum.
e) endosteum.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.1 Describe the parts of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

6) The site where bone lengthening occurs in a long bone is called the

a) epiphyseal plate.
b) epiphysis.
c) diaphysis.
d) articular cartilage.
e) periosteum.
Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.1 Describe the parts of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

7) Which of the following describes the endosteum of a long bone?

a) composed of red bone marrow

b) the basic structural unit of compact bone
c) lines the medullary cavity
d) surrounds the bone surface
e) the distal and proximal ends of a long bone

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.1 Describe the parts of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

8) Osteogenic cells

a) are mature bone cells.

b) develop into osteoblasts.
c) are used to breakdown the extracellular matrix of bone.
d) deposit calcium into the bone.
e) surround themselves with calcified extracellular matrix.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the histological features of bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

Question type: Multiple Selection

9) Osteoclasts are a type of bone cell that

a) deposit calcium into bone.

b) destroy bone matrix.
c) are formed from white blood cells.
d) None of the choices is correct.

Answer: b and c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the histological features of bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

Question type: Multiple Choice

10) Within the skeletal system, fat is commonly stored in the

a) compact bone.
b) spongy bone.
c) red bone marrow.
d) yellow bone marrow.
e) articular cartilage.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.1 Discuss the six functions of bone and the skeletal system.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System.

11) During endochondral ossification, secondary ossification centers develop

a) in the medullary cavity.

b) after development of the trabeculae.
c) when blood vessels enter the epiphyses.
d) at the appearance of the epiphyseal line.
e) simultaneously with the primary ossification center.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.1 Explain the importance of bone formation during different phases
of a person’s lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

12) The bone cells primarily responsible for bone resorption are

a) osteogenic cells.
b) osteoclasts.
c) osteocytes.
d) osteoblasts.
e) fibroblasts.
Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the histological features of bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

13) The hormones responsible for maintaining homeostasis relative to blood calcium levels are

a) thyroid hormones and calcitonin.

b) thyroid hormones only.
c) insulin and glucagon.
d) parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
e) parathyroid hormone and mineralocorticoids.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.2 Describe the factors that affect bone growth during a person’s
lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

14) The mechanical stress applied to bones during moderate physical exercise leads to

a) decreased strength of bone.

b) increased strength of bone.
c) hairline fractures.
d) bone spurs.
e) increased demineralization.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.5 Describe how exercise and mechanical stress affect bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.5 Exercise and Bone Tissue.

15) All of the following hormones play a role in bone growth and maintenance EXCEPT

a) growth hormone.
b) parathyroid hormone.
c) insulin-like growth factor.
d) thyroid hormones.
e) epinephrine.

Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.2 Describe the factors that affect bone growth during a person’s
lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

16) The adult human skeleton typically consists of

a) 230 bones.
b) 200 bones.
c) 206 bones.
d) 198 bones.
e) 302 bones.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.6 Group the bones of the body into axial and appendicular divisions.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.6 Divisions of the Skeletal System.

17) All of the following are facial bones EXCEPT the

a) nasal bone.
b) maxilla.
c) mandible.
d) ethmoid bone.
e) vomer.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

18) Which of the following is a cranial bone?

a) vomer bone
b) lacrimal bone
c) zygomatic bone
d) sphenoid bone
e) palatine bone

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

19) The suture found between the parietal bones and the temporal bones is the

a) sagittal suture.
b) parasagittal suture.
c) lambdoid suture.
d) coronal suture.
e) squamous suture.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

20) The temporal and zygomatic bones join to form the bony basis of the cheek called the

a) zygomatic arch.
b) mandibular fossa.
c) foramen magnum.
d) mastoid process.
e) styloid process.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

21) The medulla oblongata passes through the _____ of the occipital bone and connects with the
spinal cord.

a) mental foramen
b) foramen magnum
c) occipital condyles
d) foramen ovale
e) carotid foramen

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

22) Which of the following is found in the roof of the nasal cavity?

a) superior nasal concha

b) inferior nasal concha
c) cribriform plate
d) carotid foramen
e) vomer

Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

23) The teeth of the upper jawbone are found in alveoli of the

a) palatine bones.
b) maxillae.
c) mandible.
d) zygomatic bones.
e) lacrimal bones.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

24) Which of the following is a movable bone of the skull?

a) maxilla
b) zygomatic bone
c) lacrimal bone
d) mandible
e) hyoid bone

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.
25) The facial bones that are commonly called the cheekbones are the

a) zygomatic bones.
b) lacrimal bones.
c) maxillae.
d) vomer bones.
e) frontal bones.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

26) The bone in the axial skeleton that does not articulate with any other bone is the

a) vomer bone.
b) zygomatic bone.
c) lacrimal bone.
d) ethmoid bone.
e) hyoid bone.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

27) The adult vertebral column typically contains

a) 32 vertebrae.
b) 30 vertebrae.
c) 26 vertebrae.
d) 24 vertebrae.
e) 20 vertebrae.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.8 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and
describe its structural and functional features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.8 Vertebral Column.

28) The spinal nerves leave the vertebral column through the

a) interventricular foramen.
b) intervertebral foramen.
c) vertebral arch.
d) vertebral foramen.
e) foramen magnum.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.8 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and
describe its structural and functional features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.8 Vertebral Column.

29) Which of the following is NOT a structure found on a vertebra?

a) transverse process
b) xiphoid process
c) spinous process
d) superior articular process
e) pedicles

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.8 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and
describe its structural and functional features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.8 Vertebral Column.

30) The largest and strongest of the unfused vertebrae in the spinal column are the

a) cervical vertebrae.
b) thoracic vertebrae.
c) lumbar vertebrae.
d) sacral vertebrae.
e) coccygeal vertebrae.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.8 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and
describe its structural and functional features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.8 Vertebral Column.

31) Which of the following vertebrae articulate with the ribs?

a) sacral vertebrae
b) lumbar vertebrae
c) cervical vertebrae
d) thoracic vertebrae
e) coccygeal vertebrae

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.8 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and
describe its structural and functional features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.8 Vertebral Column.

32) All of the following bones are components of the thoracic cage EXCEPT

a) clavicle.
b) sternum.
c) true ribs.
d) thoracic vertebrae.
e) false ribs.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.9 Identify the bones of the thorax and their principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.9 Thorax.

33) The human pectoral girdle consists of the

a) humerus and radius.

b) ulna and radius.
c) ilium and ischium.
d) sternum and ribs.
e) clavicle and scapula.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.10 Identify the bones of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle and their
principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.10 Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle.

34) The single bone that makes up the upper arm is called the

a) radius.
b) ulna.
c) humerus.
d) femur.
e) tibia.

Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.11 Identify the bones of the upper limb and their principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.11 Upper Limb.

35) All of the following bones are carpals EXCEPT the

a) cuboid.
b) lunate.
c) hamate.
d) capitate.
e) scaphoid.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.11 Identify the bones of the upper limb and their principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.11 Upper Limb.

36) The anatomical term for shinbone is

a) fibula.
b) tibia.
c) humerus.
d) femur.
e) ulna.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.13 List the skeletal components of the lower limb and their principal
markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.13 Lower Limb.

37) The longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body is the

a) humerus.
b) fibula.
c) tibia.
d) coxal bone.
e) femur.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.13 List the skeletal components of the lower limb and their principal
markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.13 Lower Limb.
38) Which of the following is NOT a bone of the ankle?

a) navicular.
b) calcaneus.
c) cuboid.
d) talus.
e) pisiform.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.13 List the skeletal components of the lower limb and their principal
markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.13 Lower Limb.

39) Which of the following types of bone cells is considered the primary bone-building cell?

a) osteoblasts
b) osteoclasts
c) osteocytes
d) monocytes
e) chondrocytes

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the histological features of bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

40) The long bones that make up the appendages of a human are initially formed by

a) endochondral ossification.
b) intramembranous ossification.
c) bone remodeling.
d) hemopoiesis.
e) both endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.1 Explain the importance of bone formation during different phases
of a person’s lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.
41) Which is not part of the axial skeleton?

a) facial skull bones

b) vertebrae
c) ribs
d) talus
e) cranial skull bones

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.6 Group the bones of the body into axial and appendicular divisions.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.6 Divisions of the Skeletal System.

42) A cube-shaped bone (e.g. a carpal bone) composed of spongy bone covered by a layer of
compact bone is classified as a(n) _____ bone.

a) flat
b) irregular
c) short
d) long
e) oval

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.2 Classify bones on the basis of their shape and location.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.2 Types of Bones.

43) Which of the following conditions cannot be easily detected using a bone scan?

a) degenerative bone disease

b) Paget’s disease
c) bone cancer
d) ligament damage
e) rheumatoid arthritis

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the histological features of bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

44) Which of the following statements is true concerning fractures?

a) A partial fracture means the bone did not break through the skin.
b) A complete fracture means the bone is broken into at least two pieces.
c) A compound fracture is always a partial fracture.
d) A closed fracture means the bone broke into a least two pieces.
e) All of the statements are true about fractures.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.2 Describe the factors that affect bone growth during a person’s
lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

45) Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for maintaining relatively constant blood
calcium levels?

a) Many enzymes need calcium as a cofactor.

b) The heart may stop if the calcium level is too high.
c) Respiration may stop if the calcium level is too low.
d) Blood clotting requires calcium.
e) Insulin cannot form if the calcium level is too high.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.2 Describe the factors that affect bone growth during a person’s
lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

46) A congenital defect in which the laminae of the vertebrae fail to unite along the midline is
called

a) scoliosis.
b) spina bifida.
c) osteoporosis.
d) lordosis.
e) Paget’s disease.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.16 Describe the disorders that affect the skeletal system.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.16 Common Disorders

47) A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the region of the epiphyses that is involved in
forming a joint with another bone is called the
a) epiphyseal cartilage.
b) articular cartilage.
c) meniscus.
d) periosteum.
e) perichondrium.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.1 Describe the parts of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

48) Nutrients and oxygen reach the seemingly isolated osteocytes in compact bone through tiny
fluid-filled tunnels called

a) trabeculae.
b) lacunae.
c) canaliculi.
d) periosteum.
e) endosteum.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the histological features of bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

49) Which of the following explanations best describes how the medullary cavity of a long bone
forms?

a) A primary ossification center develops where bone tissue replaces cartilage.

b) Osteoclasts digest newly formed spongy bone trabeculae leaving behind an opening.
c) Osteocytes secrete hydrolytic enzymes that remove bone and collagen.
d) A secondary ossification center develops to form the medullary cavity.
e) A cartilage model of the medullary cavity forms and is rapidly ossified.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.1 Explain the importance of bone formation during different phases
of a person’s lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.
50) Which of the following curves in the vertebral column would one find in the neck of an adult?

a) cranial curve
b) cervical curve
c) thoracic curve
d) lumbar curve
e) sacral curve

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.8 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and
describe its structural and functional features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.8 Vertebral Column.

51) All of the following are structural features of the temporal bone EXCEPT the

a) mastoid process.
b) mandibular fossa.
c) external auditory meatus.
d) mental foramen.
e) carotid foramen.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

52) When comparing a male and female pelvis, which of the following comparative statements is
NOT true?

a) The pubic arch of the female pelvis is less than 90°.

b) The male pelvis has a deeper acetabulum that faces more laterally.
c) The female pelvis has a relatively larger more oval pelvic inlet.
d) The general structure of the male pelvis is heavier and thicker.
e) The obturator foramen in the female pelvis is oval.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.14 Identify the principal structural differences between female and
male skeletons.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.14 Comparison of Female and Male Skeletons.

Question type: True/False

53) The brain is protected by cranial bones.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

54) The vertebral column is also called the spine, spinal column, or backbone.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.8 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and
describe its structural and functional features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.8 Vertebral Column.

55) In adults, the medullary cavity contains exclusively red bone marrow.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.1 Describe the parts of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

56) Osteoblasts are mature bone cells.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the histological features of bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

57) Central canals are commonly found in spongy bone.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the histological features of bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.
58) Bone formation is called ossification.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.1 Explain the importance of bone formation during different phases
of a person’s lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

59) The replacement of cartilage by bone is called intramembranous ossification.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.1 Explain the importance of bone formation during different phases
of a person’s lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

60) The presence of the epiphyseal plate allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in diameter.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.1 Explain the importance of bone formation during different phases
of a person’s lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

61) Bone continuously remodels itself throughout adult life.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.15 Describe the effects of aging on the skeletal system.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.15 Aging and the Skeletal System.

62) The decrease of estrogen levels observed in females after the age of 40 increases the loss of
calcium from bones.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.15 Describe the effects of aging on the skeletal system.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.15 Aging and the Skeletal System.

63) The sphenoid bone is a facial bone.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

64) The vomer is a triangular bone that forms part of the nasal septum.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

65) The openings between adjacent vertebrae form the vertebral canal.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.8 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and
describe its structural and functional features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.8 Vertebral Column.

66) The shoulder blades are also called clavicles.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.10 Identify the bones of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle and their
principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.10 Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle.

67) Early in life, osteoblasts work faster than osteoclasts so bone is building up. At “midlife,”
their activity is about equal. But later on in life, the osteoclasts work faster than the osteoblasts
leading to a decrease in bone mass.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.15 Describe the effects of aging on the skeletal system.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.15 Aging and the Skeletal System.

68) The trabeculae of spongy bone contain lamellae, lacunae, and canaliculi.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.2 Describe the histological features of bone tissue.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

69) Red bone marrow is hemopoietic (blood-forming).

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.1 Discuss the six functions of bone and the skeletal system.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System.

70) Constantly running, walking, or jogging on uneven roads can lead to chronic pain in the area
around the patella resulting in a condition called osteomyelitis.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.13 List the skeletal components of the lower limb and their principal
markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.13 Lower Limb.

71) Bone remodeling involves both bone resorption and bone deposition.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.2 Describe the factors that affect bone growth during a person’s
lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

72) Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry dealing with poorly aligned teeth.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.2 Describe the factors that affect bone growth during a person’s
lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

73) Both rickets and osteomalacia involve a failure of bone calcification, however, rickets affects
adults and osteomalacia affects children.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.16 Describe the disorders that affect the skeletal system.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.16 Common Disorders

74) Articular cartilage cannot repair itself easily because it lacks a perichondrium.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.3 Describe the parts of a long bone and the features of bone tissue.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.3.1 Describe the parts of a long bone.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.3 Structure of Bone.

75) Surgical removal of the parathyroid glands would lead to an increase in blood calcium levels.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.2 Describe the factors that affect bone growth during a person’s
lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

76) The hard palate on the roof of the mouth consists of the maxillae, palatine bones, and ethmoid
bone.

Answer: False

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

77) The tibia and fibula articulate with the calcaneus to form the ankle joint.
Answer: False

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.13 List the skeletal components of the lower limb and their principal
markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.13 Lower Limb.

78) The pelvic (hip) girdle is formed by fusion of six separate bones.

Answer: True

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.12 Identify the bones of the pelvic (hip) girdle and their principal
markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.12 Pelvic (Hip) Girdle.

Question type: Essay

79) Explain the difference between true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs.

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.9 Identify the bones of the thorax and their principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.9 Thorax.
Solution: True ribs have a direct anterior attachment to the sternum via costal cartilage.
The costal cartilage of false ribs does not directly attach to the sternum, and
floating ribs have no anterior attachment to the sternum at all.

80) Name the portions of the sternum.

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.9 Identify the bones of the thorax and their principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.9 Thorax.
Solution: Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

81) List the names of the cranial bones.

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.
Solution: frontal bone, parietal bones, temporal bones, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid
bone

82) What is the difference between the coccyx and coxal bones?

Answer:

Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.12 Identify the bones of the pelvic (hip) girdle and their principal
markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.12 Pelvic (Hip) Girdle.
Solution: The coccyx (or tailbone) is a triangular shaped bone formed by the fusion of the four
coccygeal vertebrae. The pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones joined at the midline at a joint
called the pubic symphysis. Each coxal bone consists of three fused bones (ilium, ischium and
pubis).

Question type: Multiple Choice

83) With reference to the negative feedback system shown in the figure above, which of the
following descriptions best describes the receptors (marked A. in the figure) used to detect
decreases in blood calcium concentrations?
a) parathyroid gland cells detect lowered calcium levels.
b) neurons in the hypothalamus detect lowered calcium levels.
c) thyroid gland cells detect lowered calcium levels.
d) PTH genes detect lowered calcium levels.
e) osteoclasts detect lowered calcium levels.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.2 Describe the factors that affect bone growth during a person’s
lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

84) Which of the following best describes control center activity (marked B. in the figure) when
low blood calcium levels have been detected?
a) Parathyroid gland cells decrease production of PTH.
b) Neurons in the hypothalamus are activated.
c) Thyroid gland cells increase thyroid hormone production.
d) The PTH gene in parathyroid gland cells gets turned on.
e) Osteoclasts interpret chemical signal coming from parathyroid gland.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.2 Describe the factors that affect bone growth during a person’s
lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.

85) Which of the following effectors (marked C. in the figure) are activated in response to
decreases in blood calcium concentrations?
a) parathyroid gland cells and intestinal epithelial cells
b) osteoclasts and kidney cells
c) thyroid gland cells and skin epithelial cells
d) osteoblasts and osteoclasts
e) hypothalamic neurons and pituitary gland cells

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.4 Explain the importance of bone formation and bone growth during
a person's lifetime.
Learning Objective 2: LO 6.4.2 Describe the factors that affect bone growth during a person’s
lifetime.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.4 Bone Formation.
86) Which of the bones labeled in the diagram contains the olecranon?

a) A
b) F
c) G
d) I
e) D

Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.11 Identify the bones of the upper limb and their principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.11 Upper Limb.
87) The articular knob labeled B on bone A in the diagram is called the

a) capitulum.
b) trochlea.
c) styloid process of the ulna.
d) styolid process of the radius.
e) head of the humerus.

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.11 Identify the bones of the upper limb and their principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.11 Upper Limb.
88) Which of the labeled bones in the diagram is a metacarpal?

a) A
b) G
c) I
d) F
e) B

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.11 Identify the bones of the upper limb and their principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.11 Upper Limb.
89) Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the ischium?

a) B
b) C
c) D
d) G
e) I

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.12 Identify the bones of the pelvic (hip) girdle and their principal
markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.12 Pelvic (Hip) Girdle.

90) Which of the labeled bone markings in the diagram is the acetabulum?

a) E
b) H
c) J
d) K
e) L

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.12 Identify the bones of the pelvic (hip) girdle and their principal
markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.12 Pelvic (Hip) Girdle.

91) The joint labeled F in the diagram is named for the two bones that articulate to form the joint.
Based on this information, what is the name of this joint?

a) coxal tuber joint

b) temporomandibular joint
c) coxofemoral joint
d) sacroiliac joint
e) sacrococcygeal joint

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.12 Identify the bones of the pelvic (hip) girdle and their principal
markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.12 Pelvic (Hip) Girdle.

92) The mesenchyme-filled spaces between the cranial bones of a newborn are called

a) sutures.
b) fontanels.
c) sulci.
d) paranasal sinuses.
e) fovea.
Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.7 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate their locations and
major structural features.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.7 Skull and Hyoid Bone.

93) Which of the following is NOT a bone marking found on the scapula?

a) spine
b) glenoid cavity
c) acromion
d) coracoid process
e) deltoid tuberosity

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 6.10 Identify the bones of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle and their
principal markings.
Section Reference 1: Section 6.10 Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle.